Consulta: typeFacets:"Working or Discussion Paper"
Registros recuperados: 11.824
Máximo de registros impressos: 2500
Data/hora: 20/05/2024 09:02:28

10 years of transition in Ukraine agriculture: An analysis of productivity and efficiency of enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Odening,   Martin; Babycheva,   Tamara.
This paper analyzes efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change of large agricultural enterprises during their transition to a market economy in Ukraine. In this case the efficiency is calculated by data envelopment analysis and the productivity change is measured by the Malmquist Productivity Change Index in the period between 1990 and 1999. On average, TFP declined by 6% annually, dropping a total 42%. The main reason for the observed TFP decline is a decrease in technical efficiency, which is found to be remarkably significant. At the same time there is a high variation among individual enterprises: their distribution of efficiency scores widens, which indicates that the farms diverge with respect to their economic performance. The Tobit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Эффективность; Общая продуктивность фактора; Анализ оболочки данных; Малмквист-индекс изменения общей продуктивности фактора; Переходный период; Украина; Effizienz; Totale Faktor Produktivität; Data Envelopment Analysis; Malmquist Productivity Change Index; Transition; Ukraine; Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Q12; D25; O1; O4; P3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92168

13 + 1: A Comparison of Global Climate Change Policy Architectures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aldy,   Joseph E.; Barrett,   Scott; Stavins,   Robert N.
We critically review the Kyoto Protocol and thirteen alternative policy architectures for addressing the threat of global climate change. We employ six criteria to evaluate the policy proposals: environmental outcome, dynamic efficiency, cost effectiveness, equity, flexibility in the presence of new information, and incentives for participation and compliance. The Kyoto Protocol does not fare well on a number of criteria, but none of the alternative proposals fare well along all six dimensions. We identify several major themes among the alternative proposals: Kyoto is "too little, too fast"; developing countries should play a more substantial role and receive incentives to participate; implementation should focus on market-based approaches, especially...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Policy architecture; Kyoto Protocol; Efficiency; Cost effectiveness; Equity; Participation; Compliance; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10541

1972 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for Northern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Persons,   Edgar; Otis,   Janet B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8459

1972 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for Southern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Persons,   Edgar; Otis,   Janet B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8490

1973 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for East Central Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Otis,   Janet B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8483

1973 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for Northern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Barbara B.; Otis,   Janet B.; Nodland,   Truman R.; Persons,   Edgar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8475

1973 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for Southern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Otis,   Janet B.; Persons,   Edgar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8457

1974 Agricultural Outlook - What's in Store for '74?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Earl I.; Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Anthony,   Willis Eugene; Hawkins,   Richard O.; Thomas,   Kenneth H.; Hamre,   Melvin L.; Christiansen,   Martin K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8463

1974 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for East Central Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Otis,   Janet B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8462

1974 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for Northern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Otis,   Janet B.; Nodland,   Truman R.; Persons,   Edgar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8477

1974 Farm Business Summary by Type of Farming for Southern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Otis,   Janet B.; Persons,   Edgar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8468

1975 Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Christiansen,   Martin K.; Hawkins,   Richard O.; Egertson,   Kenneth E.; Fuller,   Earl I.; Anthony,   Willis Eugene.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8458

1976 Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Christiansen,   Martin K.; Benson,   Fred J.; Hawkins,   Richard O.; Anthony,   Willis Eugene; Egertson,   Kenneth E.; Thomas,   Kenneth H.; Fuller,   Earl I.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8461

1977 Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Fuller,   Earl I.; Christiansen,   Martin K.; Hawkins,   Richard O.; Benson,   Fred J.; Anthony,   Willis Eugene; Egertson,   Kenneth E.; Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8486

1978 Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christiansen,   Martin K.; Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Anthony,   Willis Eugene; Benson,   Fred J.; Hawkins,   Richard O.; Egertson,   Kenneth E.; Greene,   Duty D.; Thomas,   Kenneth H.; Fuller,   Earl I.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8478

1978 OATS SURVEY REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Welsch,   Delane E.; Stuthman,   Deon; Showman,   Alan.
A mail survey was conducted in 1977 of farmers who were thought to be oats producers, using names obtained from several lists. The purpose of the 1977 mail survey was to obtain answers to the following questions: (1) What kind of farmer grows oats, (2) Where does he grow them, (3)Why does he grow them, (4) How does he produce them? Answers to these questions should enable the breeding program and the Extension Program at the University of Minnesota to better address the problems of oat production and thus maintain, or hopefully improve the relative competitive ability of oats as a crop in Minnesota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13886

1979 Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Christiansen,   Martin K.; Thomas,   Kenneth H.; Anthony,   Willis Eugene; Egertson,   Kenneth E.; Hawkins,   Richard O.; Greene,   Duty D.; Fuller,   Earl I.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8451

1984 BARGE RATES FOR UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMODITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halbach,   Daniel Walter; Fruin,   Jerry E.; Wulff,   Scott M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14236

1993 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Nordquist,   Dale W.; Westman,   Lorin L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13616

1993 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Nordquist,   Dale W.; Talley,   Dary E.; Christensen,   James L.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Fales,   Perry A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13299

1994 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13338

1994 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Talley,   Dary E.; Christensen,   James L.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Fales,   Perry A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13414

1995 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13329

1995 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Talley,   Dary E.; Christensen,   James L.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Fales,   Perry A.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13248

1995 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1995 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1995. The average net advisory price across all 25 corn programs is $3.04 per bushel. The range of net advisory prices for corn is quite large, with a minimum of $2.34 per bushel and a maximum of $3.81 per bushel.  The average net advisory price across all 25 soybean programs is $6.61 per bushel.  As with corn, the range of net advisory prices for soybeans is substantial, with a minimum of $5.75 per bushel and a maximum of $7.92 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Market Advisory Service (AgMAS) Project; D4; D7; D8; G1; G2; H4; H8; Q1; Z1; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14790

1996 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
In the Southeastern Association the average accrual net farm income in 1996 was $67,579 for the 61 farms included in this report. The decrease is due to lower inventory levels since the increase in gross cash income was higher than the increase in total cash farm expenses.  Even though this is a decrease of 8% from the 1995 average, the 1996 net farm income is still one of the highest on record.  Only in 1978, 1990, 1991, 1994 and 1995 was average nominal profit also greater than $50,000.  When adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (to provide a constant dollar or buying power comparison), the average 1996 profit is exceeded only in 1990 and 1995.  The 20% of these 61 farms with the highest net farm income had an average net farm income of $196,161 in 1996;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13660

1996 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Talley,   Dary E.; Christensen,   James L.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Fales,   Perry A.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
For the Southwestern Association, average accrual net farm income was $62,699 in 1996 for the 203 farms included in this report. This is an increase of 9% from 1995 making 1996 another high income year in a job with large swings in income.  This volatility can be seen whether income is measured in nominal terms or constant dollars. The 20% of these 203 farms with the highest net farm income had an average profit of $157,052--an increase from 1995.  The low 20% of the farms had an average loss of -$6,010 in 1996, which was a smaller loss than in 1995. Average gross cash farm income in 1995 was $382,502--a 10% increase from 1995.  Four sources of sales made up 83% of total income in 1996: corn, beef finishing, hogs, and soybeans.  Corn sales increased 12%...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13536

1996 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1996 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1996. The average net advisory price across all 26 corn programs is $2.63 per bushel. The range of net advisory prices for corn is quite large, with a minimum of $2.08 per bushel and a maximum of $3.12 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 24 soybean programs is $7.27 per bushel. As with corn, the range of net advisory prices for soybeans is substantial, with a minimum of $6.80 per bushel and a maximum of $7.80 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Market Advisory Services; G1; D8; D7; D4; G2; H4; H8; Q1; Z1; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14787

1997 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
In the Southeastern Association the average net farm income in 1997 was $73,311 for the 64 farms included in this report.  This was an increase of 8.5% from 1996.  The increase is due to replenishment of inventories which had been depleted in 1996.  Total cash farm expenses increased 7%.  The 1997 net farm income is the highest on record.  When adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (to provide a constant dollar or buying power comparison), the average 1997 profit is exceeded only in 1990 and 1995.  (This accrual net farm income measure is calculated by subtracting cash farm expenses and depreciation from total cash farm income and adjusting the difference for changes in other capital and inventory items.)  After subtracting an opportunity cost for equity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13310

1997 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Christensen,   James L.; Anderson,   Robert D.; Fales,   Perry A.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
For the Southwestern Association, average net farm income was $40,598 in 1997 for the 208 farms included in this report.  This is a decrease of 35% from 1996 continuing the pattern of large swings in income.  Since costs changed very little, almost all of the decrease can be attributed to a decrease in gross income, specifically to decreases in the sales of corn and finished beef.  (Net farm income is calculated by subtracting total cash farm expense and depreciation from gross cash farm income and adjusting for changes in inventory items.)  After subtracting an opportunity cost for equity capital, labor and management earnings follow a similar but lower pattern.   As in previous years, the actual profit levels experienced by individual farms vary greatly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13476

1997 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR CASH GRAIN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11601

1997 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by dairy farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension, or were accounting clients of either AgriSolutions or Salisbury Management Services. This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on dairy farms during 1997; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11723

1997 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR FRUIT FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.; Smith,   Jackie.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by fruit farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension.  This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on fruit farms during 1997; 2) to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3) to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11734

1997 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL CROP FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11525

1997 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR SWINE FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Farm types were assigned using the 1992 Census of Agriculture's Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) definitions.  Basically, any farm with 50 percent or more of value of farm sales from one item becomes a farm of that type.  Swine farms have 50 percent or more of value of combined sales from fat hogs, feeder pigs and cull breeding hogs. This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by swine farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension, or were accounting clients of AgriSolutions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11751

1997 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.; Hepp,   Ralph E.; Harvey,   Lynn R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10945

1997 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 1996-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Duncan,   Marvin R.; Taylor,   Richard D.
Net farm income for all representative farms will be lower in 2003 than in 1995-96, but net farm income will be level throughout the 1997-2005 period.  Cropland prices are projected to fall in all regions of North Dakota after peaking in 1996-97.  Cash rental rates are projected to follow cropland prices.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms, although rising across the forecast period, will not reach levels that imperil credit worthiness.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low profit and small size farms are higher than those for large and high profit farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Debt-to-asset ratio; Cropland prices; Land rental rates; Farm operating expenses; Capitalization rate; Farm Management.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23424

1997 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Thomas E.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1997 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1997. The average net advisory price across all 23 corn programs is $2.32 per bushel. The net advisory prices for corn range from a minimum of $2.00 per bushel to a maximum of $2.74 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 21 soybean programs is $6.40 per bushel. The net advisory prices for soybeans range from a minimum of $6.08 per bushel to a maximum of $6.99 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evaluation of advisory services; Pricing performance; Soybeans; C8; D4; D8; L1; M3; Q0; Z0; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14780

1998 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
The average net farm income is $65,739 for the 60 farms included in the 1998 annual report of the Southeastern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  This is a decrease of 12% from 1997.  Even though gross cash farm income increased, cash expenses also increased and inventory values changed little (instead of increasing as in 1997).  Thus, 1998 net farm income is lower.  However, income is still at a high level compared to the early 1990s and the 1980s.  (Net farm income is an accrual measure calculated by subtracting cash farm expenses and depreciation from total cash farm income and adjusting the difference for changes in other capital and inventory items.)   Income  levels experienced by individual farms vary greatly from the overall average....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14241

1998 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Christensen,   James L.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Anderson,   Robert D.; Fales,   Perry A.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
Average net farm income was $8,616 in 1998 for the 210 farms included in this annual report of the Southwestern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  This is a decrease of 79% from 1997.  During the last 20 years, net farm income has been lower than  the 1998 level only in 1981 and 1985.  Since costs changed very little, almost all of the decrease can be attributed to decreases in hog sales, especially, to decreases in corn and soybean sales and substantial decreases in the value of inventories.  (Net farm income is an accrual measure calculated by subtracting total cash farm expense and depreciation from gross cash farm income and adjusting for changes in inventory items.)   Actual profit levels experienced by individual farms vary greatly from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13568

1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR CASH GRAIN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by cash grain farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension., or were accounting clients of AgriSolutions in Michigan, or of Salisbury Management Services in Michigan.     This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on cash grain farms during 1998; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3) to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11706

1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on dairy farms during 1998; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11524

1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR FRUIT FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by fruit farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension.  This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on fruit farms during 1998; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11512

1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL CROPS FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by general crops farmers, who were enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension.  Farm records were included if a Finan summary was completed on 1998 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses.  The summary was included if cash discrepancy was less than 10 % of gross cash inflow, and if the debt discrepancy was less than $1,000.  Averages are reported in the tables below.  Variability exists in the data.  The unweighted mean of net farm income for the 16 farms was $(22,565); the standard deviation of the mean was $45,035 and the median was $(18,361).  The unweighted mean of acres cropped, both owned plus...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11592

1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL LIVESTOCK FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.; Hampton,   Jonathon C.
This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on dairy farms during 1998;  2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and  3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11733

1998 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR SWINE FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by swine farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension. This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on swine farms during 1997; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11707

1998 CROP INPUT COSTS SUMMARY FOR IDAHO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patterson,   Paul E.; Smathers,   Robert L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18150

1998 Dairy Situation and Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cropp,   Robert A.; Dobson,   William D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12696

1998 EASTERN ONTARIO ICE STORM MAPLE PRODUCERS' SURVEY: SUMMARY AND RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kidon,   Jennifer; Fox,   Glenn; McKenney,   Daniel W.; Chapeskie,   D.
In August, 1999, a telephone survey of maple producers in eastern Ontario was conducted in order to gather information on the changes in their operations since the 1998 ice storm.  This paper presents the findings of the survey.  The results will be used in a larger study to examine the economic impact of the ice storm on maple producers in this region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34137

1998 GEORGIA SURVEY OF WASTEWATER RATES AND FACILITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16641

1998 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.; Schwab,   Gerald D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10926

1998 MICHIGAN PRELIMINARY CASH GRAIN BUSINESS ANALYSIS FOR FARMS SOUTH OF I-96
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
A common observation during the autumn of 1998 was that the growing season had been more favorable south of I-96 than it was to the north.  This highway bisects Michigan from roughly Detroit to Muskegon. The following tables are presented for this southern portion of Michigan indicating what farmers in the Telfarm accounting system achieved in terms of crop yields and financial returns during 1998.  It is hoped later reports will show what cash grain farms in the area north of I-96 achieved.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11796

1998 MICHIGAN PRELIMINARY DAIRY FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS AVERAGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
The following tables are presented as an early draft indicating what Michigan Dairy Farmers in the Telfarm accounting system achieved in terms of financial returns during 1998. Page 6 is for doing comparative business analysis on a cost per unit basis. These tables were developed using the Finansum software from the University of Minnesota.  The format is nearly identical to that used for individual farms using Finpack's Finan to do their 1998 year end business analysis.  A farm was included if 50 % or more of gross sales came from milk plus dairy livestock. The 47 farms averaged together in this report came from the following Michigan counties.  Barry 2;  Branch, 5; Calhoun 4; Eaton, 2; Hillsdale, 7; Jackson, 2; Kalamazoo, 2; Allegan, 5; Mason, 3;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11759

1998 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 1997-2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Duncan,   Marvin R.
Net farm income for all representative farms except small size and low profit farms in 2007 will be higher than in 1998.  Net farm income for small and low profit farms will remain the same and decrease, respectively, for the forecasting period.  Cropland prices are projected to fall in all regions of North Dakota after having peaked in 1997.  Cash rental rates are projected to follow cropland prices. Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms fall across the forecast period. Debt-to-asset ratios for the low profit and small size farms are higher than those for large and high profit farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Debt-to-asset ratios; Cropland prices; Land rental rates; Farm operating expenses; Capitalization rate; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23265

1998 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 1997-2007 by using the World Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to be strong for the next ten years. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, gradually increasing sugar prices. World trade volumes of sugar are expected to expand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Marketing; Production Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23290

1998 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 1997-2007 period by using the World Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, the weather, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to be optimistic for the next ten years.  World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production of the two wheat classes, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheats. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum wheat may grow faster than common wheat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks.; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Production Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23119

1998 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Good,   Darrel L.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Jackson,   Thomas E.; Jirik,   Mark A.; Martines-Filho,   Joao Gomes.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in 1998 for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1998. The average net advisory price across all 23 corn programs is $2.17 per bushel - seven cents below the market benchmark price. The net advisory prices for corn range from a minimum of $1.93 per bushel to a maximum of $2.51 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 22 soybean programs is $5.82 per bushel - four cents less than the market benchmark. The net advisory prices for soybeans range from a minimum of $5.11 per bushel to a maximum of $6.58 per bushel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14793

1999 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.; Creed,   Nancy.
Compilation of 1999 outlook articles written by faculty in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Michigan State University covering issues such as the economy, farm policy, commodity prices and production, farm income, and farm input supplies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11548

1999 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
The average net farm income is $66,412 for the 62 farms included in the 1999 annual report of the Southeastern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  This is an increase of 1% from 1998.  Even though gross cash farm income increased, cash expenses and depreciation also increased and inventory values changed little.  Income is still at a high level compared to the early 1990s and the 1980s.  (Net farm income is an accrual measure calculated by subtracting cash farm expenses and depreciation from total cash farm income and adjusting the difference for changes in other capital and inventory items.)  After subtracting an opportunity cost for equity capital, unpaid labor and management earnings follow a similar but lower pattern.    As in previous...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14193

1999 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Anderson,   Robert D.; Christensen,   James L.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Fales,   Perry A.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
Average net farm income was $43,762 in 1999 for the 216 farms included in this annual report of the Southwestern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  This is a large increase from the extremely low levels of 1998 and continues the historical pattern of large swings in farm income .  Almost all of the increase can be attributed to the increases in the value of inventories and an average government payment of $44,674 in 1999.  (Net farm income is an accrual measure calculated by subtracting total cash farm expense and depreciation from gross cash farm income and adjusting for changes in inventory items.)  After subtracting an opportunity cost for equity capital, labor and management, earnings follow a similar but lower pattern.   As in previous...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13373

1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR BEEF FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Farm types were assigned using the 1992 Census of Agriculture's Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) definitions. Basically, any farm with 50 percent or more of value of farm sales from one item becomes a farm of that type.  Beef farms have 50 percent or more of value of combined sales from calves, feeders, stockers and cull breeding stock. This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by beef farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension, or were accounting clients of AgriSolutions in Michigan, or of Farm Credit Services of Escanaba.  Farm records were included if a Finan summary was completed on 1999 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11561

1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR CASH GRAIN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
The sources of the 51 cash grain farms analyzed in this report were Telfarm/MicroTel at Michigan State University, plus the AgriSolutions offices in East Lansing, Adrian, Mt. Pleasant, and Alpena. Farm types were assigned using the 1992 Census of Agriculture's Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) definitions.  Basically, any farm with 50 percent or more of value of farm sales from one item becomes a farm of that type. Cash grain farms have 50 percent or more of value of combined sales from corn, soybeans, wheat, all varieties of navy beans, oats, and other small grains. This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by cash grain farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension.,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11565

1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by dairy farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension., or were accounting clients of AgriSolutions in Michigan, or of Farm Credit Services of Escanaba. This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on dairy farms during 1999; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3)to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11491

1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR FRUIT FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Farm types were assigned using the 1992 Census of Agriculture's Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) definitions. Basically, any farm with 50 percent or more of value of farm sales from one item becomes a farm of that type. Fruit farms have 50 percent or more of value of combined sales from cherries, apples, and other fruits. This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by fruit farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11536

1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL CROPS FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.; Edwards,   Desiree.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by general crops farmers, who were enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension. Farm records were included if a Finan summary was completed on 1999 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. This report has three purposes: 1) to provide statistical information about the financial results on general crops  farms during 1999; 2)to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3) to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11710

1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL LIVESTOCK FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Farm types were assigned using the 1992 Census of Agriculture's Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) definitions.  Basically, any farm with 50 percent or more of value of farm sales from one item becomes a farm of that type.  General livestock farms have 50 percent or more of value of combined sales from livestock and livestock products, such as milk, beef animals, hogs, and wool. This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by dairy farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension. Farm records were included if a Finan summary was completed on 1999 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses.  The summary was included if cash discrepancy was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11473

1999 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR SWINE FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by swine farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/MicroTel record program through Michigan State University Extension. Farm records were included if a Finan summary was completed on 1999 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses.  The summary was included if cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow, and if the debt discrepancy was less than $1,000.  The averages are reported in the tables below; it should be recognized that considerable variability exist in the data. Six (6) of the nine (9) farms grew crops in addition to hogs. The unweighted mean of acres cropped was 1,047 acres; the standard deviation of the mean was 583 acres and the median was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11522

1999 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.; Schwab,   Gerald D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10933

1999 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 1999-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Swenson,   Andrew L.; Duncan,   Marvin R.
Net farm income for most representative farms in 2008 will be higher than in 1999. However, low profit farms, which consist of 25% of the farms in the study, may have a negative net farm income throughout the forecasting period and may not have financial resiliency to survive.  This is true under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.  All farms except low profit farms may do well under the optimistic scenario, while only high profit farms may be able to survive under the pessimistic scenario.  Cropland prices are projected to remain constant.  Cash rental rates are projected to fall slightly.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will remain unchanged throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low profit and small size farms are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net Farm Income; Debt-to-asset Ratios; Cropland Prices; Land Rental Rates; Farm Operating Expenses; Capitalization Rate; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23334

1999 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 1998-2008 by using the World Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to be strong for the next ten years. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, gradually increasing sugar prices. World trade volumes of sugar are expected to expand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23165

1999 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 1998-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 1998-2008 period by using the World Wheat Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, the weather, and technological change. Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to be optimistic for the next ten years.  World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production of the two wheat classes, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheats. World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum wheat may grow faster than common wheat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Wheat; Durum Wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23222

1999 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICES FOR CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martines-Filho,   Joao Gomes; Good,   Darrel L.; Irwin,   Scott H.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in the 1999 crop year for corn and soybeans. Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory  service is calculated for corn and soybean crops harvested in 1999. The average net advisory price across all 26 corn programs in 1999 is $2.02 per bushel, three cents below the market benchmark price. The range of net advisory prices for corn is substantial, with a minimum of $1.66 per bushel and a maximum of $2.49 per bushel. The average net advisory price across all 25 soybean programs in 1999 is $5.67 per bushel, seventeen cents above the market benchmark. As with corn, the range of net advisory prices for soybeans is substantial,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14779

1999 PRICING PERFORMANCE OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVIVES FOR WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martines-Filho,   Joao Gomes; Good,   Darrel L.; Irwin,   Scott H.
The purpose of this research report is to present an evaluation of advisory service pricing performance in the 1999 crop year for wheat.  Specifically, the average price received by a subscriber to an advisory service is calculated for wheat crop harvested in 1999.  The average net advisory price across all 23 wheat programs in 1999 is $2.64 per bushel, $0.04 below the market benchmark price.  The range of net advisory prices is substantial, with a minimum of $2.18 per bushel and a maximum of $3.38 per bushel.  The average revenue achieved by following an advisory service is $163 per acre, $3.00 less than the market benchmark revenue.  The spread in advisory revenue also is noteworthy, with the difference between the bottom- and top-performing advisory...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14788

2000 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.; Creed,   Nancy.
Compilation of 2000 outlook articles written by faculty in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Michigan State University covering issues such as the economy, farm policy, commodity prices and production, farm income, and farm input supplies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11700

2000 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
The average net farm income is $77,672 for the 58 farms included in the 2000 annual report of the Southeastern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  This is an increase of 17% from 1999.  The median or middle income was $39,675, considerably lower than the average.  Even though gross cash farm income decreased more than the decrease in cash expenses, net farm income increased because  depreciation decreased and inventory values increased.  Income is still at a high level compared to the early 1990s and the 1980s.    As in previous years, the income levels experienced by individual farms vary greatly from the overall average.  When the net farm incomes for the 58 farms in the report were ranked from lowest to highest, the resulting graph shows...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14250

2000 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Christensen,   James L.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Anderson,   Robert D.; Fales,   Perry A.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
Average net farm income was $81,750 in 2000 for the 212 farms included in this annual report of the Southwestern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  The median or middle income was $69,414.  This is the second annual increase from the extremely low levels of 1998.  Almost all of the increase can be attributed to the increase in the value of inventories, government payment, and the decrease in depreciation charge.     However, the change in depreciation was almost entirely due to a change in the accounting procedures, not a change in purchasing behavior by farmers.  Using the "new" depreciation rules, net farm income (NFI) in the previous 5 years was estimated to be higher than when the "old" rules were used.  For example, the "new" NFI was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13612

2000 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR CASH GRAIN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11715

2000 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11605

2000 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR FRUIT FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
This report is a summary of the financial and production records kept by fruit farmers enrolled in the Telfarm/Micro Tel record program through Michigan State University Extension.  This report has three purposes: 1)to provide statistical information about the financial results on fruit farms during 2000; 2) to provide production costs for comparative analysis and forward planning; and 3) to provide information on the trends in resource use, income and costs during the last few years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11622

2000 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL CROPS FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.; Smith,   Steven G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11494

2000 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL LIVESTOCK FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11517

2000 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR SWINE FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11615

2000 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.; Schwab,   Gerald D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10929

2000 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 2000-2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Swenson,   Andrew L.; Duncan,   Marvin R.
Net farm income for most representative farms in 2009 will be lower than in 1999.  Low profit farms, which consist of 25% of the farms in the study, may have  negative net farm income throughout the forecasting period, and may not have financial resiliency to survive.  This is true under both optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.  All farms, except low profit farms, may perform well under the optimistic scenario, while only high profit and large size farms may be able to survive under the pessimistic scenario. Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly except in the Red River Valley where they are projected to fall.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will remain unchanged throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net Farm Income; Debt-to-asset Ratios; Cropland Prices; Land Rental Rates; Farm Operating Expenses; Capitalization Rate; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23382

2000 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 1999-2009 by using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to be strong for the next ten years after the current over supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in gradually increasing Caribbean sugar prices from 6.55 cents/lb in 1999 to 12.3 cents/lb in 2009. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 20.69 cents/lb in 2000 to 28.84 cents/lb in 2009 if the United States maintains its sugar programs. World...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23148

2000 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 1999-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 1999-2009 period by using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.  Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to be improving for the next ten years.  World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production of the two wheat classes, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheats, which are predicted to increase 36% for durum wheat and 23% for common wheat for the 1999-2009 period.  However, the prices are expected to recover slowly for the next 2-3 years.  World trade volumes of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Wheat; Durum Wheat; Production; Exports; Marketing; Production Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23372

2001 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.; Alderman,   Nicole.
One word summarizes the current outlook for the U.S. economy.  That word is confusion.  First, we review the recent behavior of the U.S. economy.   Ten years of economic expansion without a recession had led some to believe that we could have continual expansion without a recession.  The year 2000 was the fourth year in a row with growth exceeding 4 percent and this was accomplished with relatively stable prices.  unemployment was about 4 percent or below what many perceived as a sustainable rate of unemployment without rapid inflation.  Stock market prices had increased and some consumers were spending their "new wealth."   However, the stock market showed signs of weakness beginning in 1999.  That weakness grew, especially for technology stocks and price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11639

2001 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Westman,   Lorin L.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
The average net farm income was $60,978 for the 59 farms included in the 2001 annual report of the Southeastern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  This was a decrease of 21% from 2000 (Figure 1).   Even though gross cash farm income increased more than cash expenses, the decrease in net farm income is due in large part to a large decrease in the inventory value of crops and feed.    As in previous years, the income levels experienced by individual farms vary greatly from the overall average.  When the net farm incomes for the 59 farms in the report were ranked from lowest to highest, the resulting graph shows how much the incomes do vary (Figure 2).  Several farms experienced negative incomes, and several experienced very high incomes.  Most...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13965

2001 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Robert D.; Weness,   Erlin J.; Olson,   Kent D.; Christensen,   James L.; Fales,   Perry A.; Nordquist,   Dale W.
Average net farm income was $36,614 in 2001 for the 207 farms included in this annual report of the Southwestern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  This is a sharp drop (55%) from the average net farm income of $81,750 in 2000 (Figure 1).    As in previous years, the actual profit levels experienced by individual farms vary greatly from the overall average profit.  When the net farm incomes for the 207 farms in the report are ranked from lowest to highest, the resulting graph shows how much the incomes do vary (Figure 2).  Twenty-four percent of the  farms experienced negative net farm income in 2001; 8% had incomes over $100,000.  Most of the net farm incomes ranged from below 0 to about $150,000.  The median or middle income was $29,040....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13588

2001 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11580

2001 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL CROPS FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11511

2001 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL LIVESTOCK FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11503

2001 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR MICHIGAN CASH GRAIN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11663

2001 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR MICHIGAN TREE FRUIT FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11538

2001 BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR SWINE FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11608

2001 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.; Schwab,   Gerald D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10947

2001 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS 2001-2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
Net farm income for most representative farms in 2010 will be lower than in 2000.  Low profit farms, which consist of 25% of the farms in the study, may have  negative net farm income throughout the forecasting period, and may not have financial resiliency to survive.  Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly except in the Red River Valley where they are projected to fall.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will increase slightly throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low profit and small size farms are higher than those for large and high profit farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net Farm Income; Debt-to-asset Ratios; Cropland Prices; Land Rental Rates; Farm Operating Expenses; Capitalization Rate; Risk; Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23540

2001 Outlook for Louisiana's Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnett,   John; Boudreaux,   James E.; Cannon,   Mike; Dunn,   Michael A.; Gauthier,   Wayne M.; Giesler,   G. Grant; Gillespie,   Jeffrey M.; Guidry,   Kurt M.; Hinson,   Roger A.; Johnson,   Gene; Lavergne,   Theresia; Legendre,   Benjamin L.; Lutz,   Greg; Morrison,   Walter; Owings,   Allen; Paxton,   Kenneth W.; Reed,   Don; Saichuck,   John; Salassi,   Michael E.; Schupp,   Alvin R.; Twidwell,   Ed; Wegenhoft,   Ken.
With an ever-changing production and marketing environment, agricultural producers are faced with a number of difficult decisions. This publication provides Louisiana's agricultural producers with a view of the potential marketing and production environment they are likely to face in 2001. It is hoped that the information provided in this publication can help producers as they make their farm management and production plans for 2001.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31659

2001 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2000-2010 by using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes.  Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next ten years after the current over supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in gradually increasing Caribbean sugar prices from 8.51 cents/lb in 2000 to 12.67 cents/lb in 2010. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 22.5 cents/lb in 2000 to 26.6 cents/lb in 2010, if the United States maintains its sugar programs. World...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks.; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23602

2001 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 2000-2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2000-2010 period by using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.  Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to be improving for the next ten years.  World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production of the two wheat classes, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheats, which are predicted to increase 5.3% for durum wheat and 1.1% for common wheat for the 2000-2010 period.  World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum wheat...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Wheat; Durum Wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending Stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23594

2001-2002 CORN OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11736

2002 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.; Alderman,   Nicole.
The global economy is also faltering.  Global economic growth in 2001 was the slowest of any year since 1993, and only a modest rebound is forecast for 2002.  The combination of sluggish world growth and a strong dollar should continue to constrain farm exports in 2002.Three concerns are important as we look ahead business earnings, productivity, and global growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11676

2002 MICHIGAN CASH GRAIN FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Schwab,   Gerald.
This report summarizes the 2002 financial and production records of 78 Michigan cash grain farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of these items; corn, soybeans, wheat, all varieties of navy beans, oats, and other small grains. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were included if a farm financial analysis was completed on 2002 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11480

2002 MICHIGAN DAIRY FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
Replaced with revised version of paper 06/15/04.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11514

2002 MICHIGAN DAIRY GRAZING FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolf,   Christopher A.; Wittenberg,   Eric.
Revised version posted 6/15/04
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11713

2002 MICHIGAN FEEDER STEER BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Black,   J. Roy.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 10 Michigan feeder steer farms.  To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from feeder steer sales.  The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan.  The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.    Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2002 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses.  The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000.  While considerable variation in the data exists,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11763

2002 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.; Schwab,   Gerald D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10935

2002 MICHIGAN SWINE (FARROW TO FINISH) BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schwab,   Gerald; Wittenberg,   Eric.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 7 Michigan swine farms, farrow to finish. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of fat hogs, feeder pigs and cull breeding hogs sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.  Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2002 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11563

2002 MICHIGAN TREE FRUIT BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thornsbury,   Suzanne; Harsh,   Stephen B.; Wittenberg,   Eric.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 18 Michigan tree fruit farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of sales from cherries, apples, and other fruits. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.  Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2002 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data was checked to verify that cash and debt discrepancy were within an acceptable range. While considerable variation in the data exists,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11614

2002 MICHIGAN UPPER PENINSULA DAIRY FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the 2002 financial and production records of 22 dairy farms from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Table 1. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2002 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data was checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11756

2002 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS, 2002-2011
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
Net farm income for most representative farms in 2011 will be lower than in 2002.  Low profit farms, which consist of 25% of the farms in the study, may not have financial resiliency to survive.  The new farm bill will provide higher net farm income than a continuation of the FAIR Act.  Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly in all regions.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will increase slightly throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low-profit and small-size farms are higher than those for large and high-profit farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Debt-to-asset ratios; Cropland prices; Land rental rates; Farm operating expenses; Capitalization rate; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23506

2002 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2001-2011
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2001-2011 by using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model. This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes.  Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next 10 years after the current over supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in gradually increasing Caribbean sugar prices from 7.81 cents/lb in 2001 to 12.05 cents/lb in 2011. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 21.7 cents/lb in 2001 to 25.2 cents/lb in 2011, if the United States maintains its sugar programs. World...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23645

2002 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 2001-2011
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2002-2012 period by using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.  Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to improve for the next ten years.  World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production of the two wheat classes, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheat varieties, which are predicted to increase 15.3% for durum wheat and 17.3% for common wheat for the 2002-2012 period.  World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23514

2003 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11598

2003 Business Analysis Summary Feeder Steers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Black,   J. Roy.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 10 Michigan feeder steer farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from feeder steer sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2003 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While considerable variation in the data exists,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11619

2003 BUSINESS DAIRY GRAZING FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 9 dairy grazing farms across Michigan. Intensive grazing implies providing as much of the needed roughages from pasture. These 9 farms indicated that they grazed dairy cows at least three months of the year and that grazing provided more than 30 percent of the forage consumed during the year. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State Universityï¿½s TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records checked...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11823

2003 Michigan Cash Grain Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the 2003 financial and production records of 92 Michigan cash grain farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of these items; corn, soybeans, wheat, all varieties of navy beans, oats, sugar beets and other small grains. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial analysis was completed on 2003 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11569

2003 MICHIGAN DAIRY FARM BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 141 dairy farms from throughout Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State Universityï¿½s Telfarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exist, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follow.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11575

2003 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schwab,   Gerald D.; Wittenberg,   Eric.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10951

2003 Michigan Swine (Farrow to Finish) Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 9 Michigan, farrow to finish, swine farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of fat hogs, feeder pigs and cull breeding hogs sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2003 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11682

2003 MICHIGAN TREE FRUIT BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 9 Michigan tree fruit farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of sales from cherries, apples, and other fruits. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed for 2003 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data was checked to verify that cash and debt discrepancy were within an acceptable range, cash discrepancy must be less than 10% of gross cash inflow and debt discrepancy must be less than $1,000. While considerable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11637

2003 MICHIGAN UPPER PENINSULA DAIRY BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 19 dairy farms across the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State Universityï¿½s TelFarm/MicroTel project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follow.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11625

2003 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS, 2003-2012
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
Net farm income for all representative farms in 2012 will be lower than in 2003.  Low profit farms, which comprise of 25% of the farms in the study, may not have financial resiliency to survive.  Costs are projected to increase faster than yields.  The new farm bill removes much of the price risk that producers face while placing it on the federal government.  Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly in all regions.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will increase slightly throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low-profit and small-size farms are higher than those for large and high-profit farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23521

2003 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2002-2012
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2002-2012 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes.   Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next 10 years after the current over-supply is reduced. World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices gradually increasing from 7.88 cents/lb in 2002 to 12.15 cents/lb in 2012. The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 21.76 cents/lb in 2002 to 25.28 cents/lb in 2012, if the United States maintains its sugar programs. World...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks.; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23600

2003 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 2002-2012
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2002-2012 period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.   Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to improve for the next ten years.  World demands for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheat varieties.  However, the higher price levels experienced in 2002 due to weather conditions will not be maintained in the short term.  World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum wheat may...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23598

2004 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11539

2004 Business Analysis Summary Feeder Steers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Black,   J. Roy; Wittenberg,   Eric.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 8 Michigan feeder steer farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from feeder steer sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2004 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11815

2004 FOOD MANUFACTURER AND RETAIL REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grier,   Kevin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18101

2004 Michigan Cash Grain Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the 2004 financial and production records of 88 Michigan cash grain farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of these items: corn, soybeans, wheat, and all varieties of navy beans, oats, sugar beets and other small grains. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service of Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11501

2004 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 144 dairy farms from throughout Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State University's Telfarm project, the Farm Credit Service system, or by AgriSolutions in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exist, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11785

2004 Michigan Dairy Grazing Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 10 dairy grazing farms from across Michigan. These 10 farms indicated that they grazed dairy cows at least three months of the year and that grazing provided more than 30 percent of the forage consumed during the year. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11709

2004 MICHIGAN LAND VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Hanson,   Steven D.; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10937

2004 Michigan Swine (Farrow to Finish) Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 12 Michigan, farrow to finish, swine farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of fat hogs, feeder pigs and cull breeding hogs sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2004 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11487

2004 Michigan Tree Fruit Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 8 Michigan tree fruit farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of sales from cherries, apples, and other fruits. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed for 2004 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data was checked to verify that cash and debt discrepancy were within an acceptable range, cash discrepancy must be less than 10% of gross cash inflow and debt discrepancy must be less than $1,000. While considerable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11732

2004 Michigan Upper Peninsula Dairy Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 23 dairy farms across the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The farms in this report were located throughout Michigan. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11518

2004 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS, 2004-2013
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
Net farm income for all representative farms in 2013 will be lower than in 2004.  Low-profit farms, which comprise 25% of the farms in the study, may not have financial resiliency to survive without off-farm income.  Costs are projected to increase faster than yields, which will pressure net farm income downward.  Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly in all regions.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will increase slightly throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low-profit and small-size farms are higher than those for large and high-profit farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Debt-to-asset ratios; Cropland prices; Land rental rates; Farm operating expenses; Capitalization rate; Farm Management.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23528

2004 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2003-2013
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2003-2013 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes.  Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next 10 years after the current over-supply is reduced.  World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices gradually increasing from 7.57 cents/lb in 2003 to 8.75 cents/lb in 2013.  The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to increase from 25.35 cents/lb in 2003 to 27.0 cents/lb in 2013, if the United States maintains its sugar programs.  The CAFTA...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23479

2004 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 2003-2013
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2003-2013 period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.  Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to improve for the next 10 years.  World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheat varieties.  However, the higher price levels experienced in 2002 and 2003 due to weather conditions will not be maintained in the short-term.  World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum wheat...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23583

2005 Annual Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11576

2005 Michigan Cash Grain Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the 2005 financial and production records of 64 Michigan cash grain farms.  To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of these items: corn, soybeans, wheat, navy beans, oats, sugar beets and other small grains.  The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service of Michigan.  The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.  Farm records were included if a farm financial analysis had completed 2005 data including beginning and ending balance sheets and a statement of income and expenses.  The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9314

2005 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 156 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2005. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9307

2005 Michigan Dairy Grazing Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 11 dairy grazing farms from across Michigan. These 11 farms indicated that they grazed dairy cows at least three months of the year and that grazing provided more than 30 percent of the forage consumed during the year. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9311

2005 Michigan Feeder Steers Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Black,   J. Roy.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 5 Michigan feeder steer farms.  To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from feeder steer sales.  The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan.  The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.    Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2005 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses.  The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000.  While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9309

2005 Michigan Land Values and Leasing Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10944

2005 Michigan Swine (Farrow to Finish) Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 11 Michigan, farrow to finish, swine farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of fat hogs, feeder pigs and cull breeding hogs sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2005 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9316

2005 Michigan Tree Fruit Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 5 Michigan tree fruit farms.  To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of sales from cherries, apples, and other fruits.  The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project.  The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.  Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed for 2005 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses.  The data was checked to verify that cash and debt discrepancy were within an acceptable range, cash discrepancy must be less than 10% of gross cash inflow and debt discrepancy must be less than $1,000.  While...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9313

2005 Michigan Upper Peninsula Dairy Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 30 dairy farms across the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University's TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9315

2005 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS, 2005-2014
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swenson,   Andrew L.; Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
Net farm income for all representative farms in 2014 is projected to be lower than in 2004.  Low-profit farms, which comprise 25% of the farms in the study, may not have financial resiliency to survive without off-farm income.  Costs are projected to increase faster than yields, which will pressure net farm income downward.  Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly in all regions.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will decrease slightly throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low-profit and small-size farms are higher than those for large and high-profit farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Debt-to-asset ratios; Cropland prices; Land rental rates; Farm operating expenses; Capitalization rate; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23527

2005 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2004-2013
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2004-2013 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve slightly over the next nine years after the current over-supply is reduced.  World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices gradually increasing from 8.40 cents/lb in 2004 to 8.70 cents/lb in 2013.  The U.S. wholesale price of sugar is projected to decrease from 26.15 cents/lb in 2004 to 24.89 cents/lb in 2013, if the United States maintains its sugar programs....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23646

2005 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 2004-2013
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2004-2013 period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.   Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to improve for the next nine years.  World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheat varieties.  However, the higher price levels experienced in 2002 and 2003 due to weather conditions will not be maintained in the short term.  World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23631

2006 Annual Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11564

2006 Michigan Cash Grain Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the 2006 financial and production records of 77 Michigan cash grain farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of these items: corn, soybeans, wheat, navy beans, oats, sugar beets and other small grains. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service of Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.  Farm records were included if a farm financial analysis had completed 2006 data including beginning and ending balance sheets and a statement of income and expenses. The data was checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6186

2006 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 139 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2006. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average of all dairy farms in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7033

2006 Michigan Land Values and Leasing Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9306

2006 Michigan Swine Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 14 Michigan swine farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of fat hogs, feeder pigs and cull breeding hogs sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes.   Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed on 2006 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data were checked to verify that cash discrepancy was less than 10% of gross cash inflow and that debt discrepancy was less than $1,000. While considerable variation in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37865

2006 Michigan Tree Fruit Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.; Thornsbury,   Suzanne.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 9 Michigan tree fruit farms. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from one or a combination of sales from cherries, apples, and other fruits. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. Farm records were included if a farm financial summary was completed for 2006 data including beginning and ending balance sheets, plus income and expenses. The data was checked to verify that cash and debt discrepancy were within an acceptable range, cash discrepancy must be less than 10% of gross cash inflow and debt discrepancy must be less than $1,000. While considerable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37864

2006 Michigan Upper Peninsula Dairy Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 27 dairy farms across the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. Farm records checked for accuracy. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7034

2006 NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK: REPRESENTATIVE FARMS, 2006-2015
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
Net farm income for nearly all representative farms in 2015 is projected to be higher than in 2005.  Low-profit farms, which comprise 20% of the farms in the study, may not have financial resiliency to survive without off-farm income.  Commodity prices and yields are projected to increase slightly faster than costs, which will increase net farm income.  Cropland prices and cash rental rates are projected to increase slightly in all regions.  Debt-to-asset ratios for most farms will decrease slightly throughout the forecast period.  Debt-to-asset ratios for the low-profit farms are expected to increase throughout the forecast period.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Debt-to-asset ratios; Cropland prices; Land rental rates; Farm operating expenses; Capitalization rate; Risk; Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23563

2006 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS, 2005-2015
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world sugar markets for 2005-2015 using the Global Sugar Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, population growth, weather conditions, and technological changes. Both the U.S. and world sugar economies are predicted to improve over the next 10 years, mainly because higher world oil prices have increased the conversion of sugar into ethanol by Brazil. Brazil is the largest exporter of sugar, and it is expected that Brazilian sugar exports may be reduced due to high oil prices.  World demand for sugar is expected to grow faster than world supply, resulting in Caribbean sugar prices increasing from 11.35 cents/lb in 2005 to 18.05 cents/lb in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sugar; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23604

2006 OUTLOOK OF THE U.S. AND WORLD WHEAT INDUSTRIES, 2005-2015
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2005-2015 period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.  Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to improve for the next nine years.  World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to grow faster than world production, resulting in gradual increases in prices of the wheat varieties.  However, the current higher price levels in 2006 are due to weather conditions and will not be maintained, as production is expected to return to normal levels in 2007.  World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23574

2006 PRECISION AGRICULTURAL SERVICES DEALERSHIP SURVEY RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whipker,   Linda D.; Akridge,   Jay T.
Precision technologies are now well-integrated into the agricultural industry - both at the farm level and at the crop input dealer level.  No longer are crop input dealers only using the technologies to bring new services to their customers, they are also utilizing the technology in their own businesses to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their business operations.  In early 2006, Crop Life magazine and Purdue University's Center for Food and Agricultural Business conducted a survey for the 11th consecutive year to assess the adoption of precision agriculture practices in the U.S. from the perspective of the retail crop input dealer.  The questionnaire was sent to 2500 retail crop input dealerships across the U.S.  A total of 368 questionnaires...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28643

2007 Outlook of the U.S. and World Wheat Industries, 2006-2016
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
This report evaluates the U.S. and world wheat markets for the 2006-2016 period using the Global Wheat Policy Simulation Model.  This analysis is based on a series of assumptions about general economic conditions, agricultural policies, weather conditions, and technological change.   Both the U.S. and world wheat economies are predicted to improve for the next nine years.  World demand for both common and durum wheat are expected to remain strong, however, the current higher price levels in 2006 due to weather conditions will not be maintained as production is expected to return to normal levels in 2007.  World trade volumes of both classes of wheat are expected to expand, but trade volume of durum wheat may grow faster than that of common wheat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common wheat; Durum wheat; Production; Exports; Consumption; Ending stocks; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8507

2008 Annual Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6326

2008 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 116 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2008. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The farms are larger than would be the average dairy farm in Michigan. While considerable variation in the data exists, average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Analysis; Farm Analysis; Costs per Hundredweight; Characteristics of Herd Size; ROE; ROA; OPM; ATR; Cash Flow; Market Value; Cost Value; Farm Income Statement; Inventory Change; Depreciation; Profitability; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56223

2008 PRECISION AGRICULTURAL SERVICES DEALERSHIP SURVEY RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whipker,   Linda D.; Akridge,   Jay T.
Precision technologies are now well-integrated into the agricultural industry – both at the farm level and at the crop input dealer level.  No longer are crop input dealers only using the technologies to bring new services to their customers, they are also utilizing the technology in their own businesses to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations.  In early 2008, Crop Life magazine and Purdue University’s Center for Food and Agricultural Business conducted a survey for the 13th consecutive year to assess the adoption of precision agriculture practices in the U.S. from the perspective of the retail crop input dealer.  The questionnaire was mailed to 2500 retail crop input dealerships across the U.S.  A total of 298 questionnaires were...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Geographic information systems (GIS); Crop input dealer; Variable rate application; Site-specific agriculture; Technology adoption.; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q13; O30; L84.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46427

2009 Annual Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47453

2009 Michigan Dairy Farm Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 104 dairy farms from throughout Michigan in 2009. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and the Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. The values were pooled into averages for reporting purposes. The average herd reports here is larger than would be the average dairy herd in Michigan. Average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows but one should be aware that considerable variation across herds exists in virtually every measure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100918

2009 Michigan Land Values and Leasing Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Harsh,   Stephen B.
Land is a natural resource that is valued for many reasons. Farmers utilize land to earn their livelihood and as a store of wealth for future retirement. Potential rural residents have increasingly sought open space for a home site and pursuit of a lifestyle. Developers seek financial opportunities to invest in and develop it for non-farm uses. Recreational needs such as hunting are often met through use of land. For some, land is viewed as an investment and a hedge against inflation. This myriad of demands for land combined with its fixed supply continually alters its market price, which is a monetary measure of its perceived value.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmland; Leasing rates; Rents; Land values; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90877

2009 Michigan Upper Peninsula Dairy Business Analysis Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittenberg,   Eric; Wolf,   Christopher A.
This report summarizes the financial and production records of 18 dairy farms across the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan. To be included, the farms must have produced at least 50 percent of gross cash farm income from milk and dairy animal sales. The records came from Michigan State University’s TelFarm project and Farm Credit Service system in Michigan. Farm records checked for accuracy. Average values are reported in the summary tables and discussion that follows but readers should note that considerable variation exists in most measures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100919

2009 PRECISION AGRICULTURAL SERVICES DEALERSHIP SURVEY RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whipker,   Linda D.; Akridge,   Jay T.
In the spring of 2009, Crop Life magazine and Purdue University’s Center for Food and Agricultural Business conducted a survey of crop input dealers for the 14th consecutive year. In February, a questionnaire was mailed to 2500 Crop Life retail crop input dealership readers across the US. (See Appendix I to this report for a copy of the questionnaire.) A total of 258 questionnaires were returned, with 241 being usable. This provided an effective response rate of 9.6 percent, the lowest response rate in the 14 year history of the project. (In prior years, response rates have ranged from a high of 38 percent in 1996 to a low of 11 percent in 2001 and 2008.) Consistent with previous surveys, dealerships were asked questions about the types of precision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; Geographic information systems (GIS); Crop input dealer; Variable rate application; Site-specific agriculture; Technology adoption.; Agribusiness; Q13; O30; L84.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56111

2010 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57432

2010 Annual Report of the Southwestern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nordquist,   Dale W.; Kurtz,   James N.; Nitchie,   Donald L.; Paulson,   Garen J.; Froslan,   Janet M.; Woodford,   John L.
Average net farm income was $322,165 in 2010 for the 97 farms included in this annual report of the Southwestern Minnesota Farm Business Management Association.  Average earnings increased by 362%  from $69,787 in 2009 (Figure 1).  Inflations adjusted profits rebounded after a downturn in 2009 that was caused primarily by low profits in the livestock sectors.  Strong yields, substantially higher crop inventory values, and rebounding profitability of the livestock sectors led the way to much higher profits in 2010.   Highlights of association financial results for 2010:  Entire report is available at: http://www.cffm.umn.edu/Publications/Pubs/FBMA/SW_MN_FBMA_2010.pdf• Median net farm income, or the income earned by the middle farm, was $234,879,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102567

2011 Annual Agricultural Outlook
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100914

A 1991 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Marcelle; Bautista,   Romeo M.
"January 1999." "Macro Economic Reforms and Regional Integration in Southern Africa (MERRISA)". Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-31).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Macroeconomics; Social accounting -- Zimbabwe; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97556

A 1992 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wobst,   Peter.
"August 1998." "MERRISA: Macro Economic Reforms and Regional Integration in Southern Africa." Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-36).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Social accounting -- Mathematical models; Macroeconomics -- Mathematical models; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97550

A 1995 social accounting matrix for Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hausner,   Ulrich.
"September 1999." "MERRISA: Macro Economic Reforms and Regional Integration in Southern Africa." Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social accounting--Zambia; Macroeconomics--Models--Zambia; Agriculture--Economic aspects; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97525

A 1998 SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX FOR MALAWI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chulu,   Osten; Wobst,   Peter.
The last few years have seen a proliferation of attempts by various institutions to create a framework that would enable analysts to have a broad overview of all transactions in the Malawian economy. A first attempt was made by Lodh and Chulu (1994) to construct a macro accounting framework using data from the National Statistical Office's 1990-1991 Household Expenditure and Small Scale Economic Activities Survey and the National Sample Survey of Agriculture complemented by other data sets such as the Government Budget Estimates, National Accounts and External Trade Statistics. This framework consisted of 9 sectors using 1987 as the base year. However, this framework was lacking in detail such that it was extremely limited in its usefulness as a basis for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16282

A 1998 SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX (SAM) FOR THAILAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Jennifer Chung-I.
This paper documents the features of a 1998 social accounting matrix (SAM) for Thailand. It begins with a description of the overall economy both via a macro SAM and a national accounts balance sheet. The macro SAM was the result of aggregating a micro SAM; a mapping of the final micro SAM to the macro SAM is presented. The micro SAM was a modified version of a SAM obtained from the Thai Development Research Institute (TDRI). The paper describes the modification process in detail. The original dataset obtained from TDRI was a 'balanced' matrix. The converted SAM, after the modification, was still balanced. It was therefore unnecessary to apply any balancing procedure. The final 1998 micro SAM for Thailand has 61 sectors, 3 household types, and 3 factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16305

A 2004 Social Accounting Matrix for Israel: Documentation of an Economy-Wide Database with a Focus on Agriculture, the Labour Market, and Income Distribution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siddig,   Khalid H.A.; Flaig,   Dorothee; Luckmann,   Jonas; Grethe,   Harald.
This document describes the Israeli Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the year 2004, developed by the Agricultural and Food Policy Group at the University of Hohenheim. The SAM is a part of a larger research project which aims to analyse several economic, trade, and labour policies in the context of economic integration of agriculture between Israel and the West Bank. Data are obtained from various sources in Israel. Sources include the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (ICBS), the Central Bank of Israel (CBI), and the Israeli Tax Authority (ITA). Data from sources outside of Israel are used to fill-in some gaps in the domestic reports. External sources include the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: SAM; IO Table; CGE; Database; Israel.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; C6; C8; D1; D3; D5; D6; E2; E6; F1; F2; H2.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/110156

A 2020 VISION FOR FOOD, AGRICULTURE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN LATIN AMERICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   James L.
This paper synthesizes the strategies put forth at a 2020 workshop on Latin America held in Cali, Colombia, in March 1995, which looked at ways to eradicate extreme poverty, hunger, and malnutrition by 2020; to distribute  income more equitably; and to protect natural resources and the environment. The workshop participants concluded that today's freer economic environment       and reduced barriers to trade will help Latin America to achieve this vision,  provided the region makes full use of its resources and promotes social objectives. A strong food and agricultural system is essential to reach these goals.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16241

A BARGAINING FRAMEWORK FOR THE GLOBAL COMMONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bromley,   Daniel W.
The global commons represents a class of environmental problems that require international cooperation.  Global environmental problems arise because the actions of some individuals or governments in one location hold serious implications for individuals and governments in other locations.  There are global environmental policy problems because adversely-affected individuals (and governments) attempt to alter the behaviors of those responsible for global pollution.  We develop a framework with which to analyze such global environmental problems.  Our goal is to craft a resource management policy that will satisfy both those who seek a change and those who prefer the current situation.  This environmental incentive policy will align the interests of the two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11899

A BAYESIAN ALTERNATIVE TO GENERALIZED CROSS ENTROPY SOLUTIONS FOR UNDERDETERMINED ECONOMETRIC MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heckelei,   Thomas; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.; Jansson,   Torbjorn.
This paper presents a Bayesian alternative to Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) and Generalized Cross Entropy (GCE) methods for deriving solutions to econometric models represented by underdetermined systems of equations. For certain types of econometric model specifications, the Bayesian approach provides fully equivalent results to GME-GCE techniques. However, in its general form, the proposed Bayesian methodology allows a more direct and straightforwardly interpretable formulation of available prior information and can reduce significantly the computational effort involved in finding solutions. The technique can be adapted to provide solutions in situations characterized by either informative or uninformative prior information.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Underdetermined Equation Systems; Maximum Entropy; Bayesian Priors; Structural Estimation; Calibration; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C13; C51.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56973

A Bayesian Approach to the Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curves for CO2 Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Musolesi,   Antonio; Zoboli,   Roberto.
This paper investigates the EKC curves for CO2 emissions in a panel of 109 countries during the period 1959-2001. The length of the series makes the application of a heterogeneous estimator suitable from an econometric point of view. The results, based on the hierarchical Bayes estimator, show that different EKC dynamics are associated with the different sub samples of countries considered. On average, more industrialized countries show an EKC evidence in quadratic specifications, which are nevertheless probably evolving into an N shape, emerging from cubic specifications. Less developed countries consistently show that CO2 emissions still rise positively with income, though some signals of an EKC path arise.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12057

A Bayesian Large Deviations Probabilistic Interpretation and Justification of Empirical Likelihood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grendar,   Marian; Judge,   George G.
In this paper we demonstrate, in a parametric Estimating Equations setting, that the Empirical Likelihood (EL) method is an asymptotic instance of the Bayesian non-parametric Maximum-A-Posteriori approach. The resulting probabilistic interpretation and justifcation of EL rests on Bayesian non-parametric consistency in L-divergence.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7191

A BEGINNERS GUIDE TO TRANSPORTATION MODELING WITH TRANPLAN - A SUPPLEMENT TO COMPUTER SIMULATION OF STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING THE RURAL ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halbach,   Daniel Walter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13539

A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ford,   Stephen A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13527

A Behavioral Analysis of EPA's MOBILE Emission Factor Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrington,   Winston; McConnell,   Virginia D.; Cannon,   Matthew.
This paper examines the behavioral and stochastic aspects of modeling emission reductions from vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs. Forecasts of the potential emission reductions from such programs have been modeled by the use of the Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE Model, EPA's computer model for estimating emission factors for mobile sources. We examine the structure of this Model and review the way behavior of drivers, mechanics and state regulatory authorities is incorporated in the current generation of the Model. We focus particularly on assumptions about vehicle repair under I/M, compliance with I/M requirements, and the impact of test measurement error on predicted I/M effectiveness. We also include some preliminary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission reduction; Vehicle inspection and maintenance program; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10676

A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TOWARDS FUTURES CONTRACT USAGE.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pennings,   Joost M.E.; Leuthold,   Raymond M.
We propose a behavioral decision-making model to investigate what factors, observable as well as unobservable, owner-managers consider regarding futures contract usage. The conceptual model consists of two phases, reflecting the two-stage decision structure of manager’s use of futures. In the first phase owner-managers consider whether futures are within the market choice set for the enterprise. In the second phase the owner-manager decides whether or not to initiate a futures position when confronted with a concrete choice situation. In both phases owner-manager’s beliefs and perceptions play an important role. The proposed model is tested on a data set of Dutch farmers, based on computer-assisted personal interviews. Because we incorporate latent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hedging; Futures; Structural equation modeling; Behavioral models; Futures exchanges; Choice models; Farmers; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46448

A Bilateral Comparison of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: U.S. and Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Patterson,   Paul M.
Many public programs promote diets rich in fruits and vegetables based on evidence on the derived health benefits. Sill, produce consumption in the U.S. lags behind other nations, even its most culturally similar neighbor–Canada. This study uses a structural latent variable model to test the role quality and health information play in explaining observed differences in produce consumption. The Alchian-Allen effect predicts that higher quality, higher absolute margin produce will be exported, suggesting that quality may be an important demand factor in importing nations such as Canada. The results show that dietary health information is significant in expanding demands. Quality also promotes fruit consumption in Canada.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Alchian-Allen effect; Fruit and vegetable trade; Health information; Produce quality; Latent variable; MIMIC model; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28538

A BIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE NORTHERN ANCHOVY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conrad,   Jon M.
A simple bioeconomic model was specified and estimated for the central subpopulation of the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). Net population growth was described by a power function and harvest by the U. S. reduction fleet was modelled by an exponential production function. When incorporated into a bioeconomic model they allowed the derivation of two explicit functions, Y = Ö(X) and Y = Ø(X) which could be used to depict the bioeconomic optimum. The roots of Ö(X) have important economic interpretations and can be used to characterize the economic status of the fishery. The positively-sloped segment of the Ö(X) curve may be used as an approximately-optimal adaptive management policy.  For the set of bioeconomic parameters circa 1990, anchovy biomass...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7266

A Blueprint for Reform of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zahrnt,   Valentin.
As the Doha negotiations are at a dead end, this paper takes a step back to address the future direction of WTO disciplines in agriculture. It puts members’ negotiating positions and the draft modalities with their ever growing list of exceptions aside to focus on three fundamental questions. First, which agricultural policy instruments should be permitted or prohibited by WTO disciplines so as to best account for the manifold effects of agriculture on societies’ welfare? Second, how should inefficient agricultural policies be treated as long as their removal is politically infeasible? And third, how can the WTO facilitate agricultural policy reform beyond establishing maximum thresholds for distorting policies? The paper argues for moving from the current...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47798

A Breach of Tradition During Socialism - The Case of Water Syndicates in Bulgaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Theesfeld,   Insa; Boevksy,   Ivan.
During the post-socialist transition period, the Bulgarian irrigation facilities deteriorated to a large extent and no longer meet the needs of the new landowner and agricultural production structure. The Bulgarian government therefore enacted two new laws to encourage collective action and to establish water user associations in order to achieve sustainable water management. In this article, we will question the frequent argument that water user associations could easily be established in Bulgaria, because they are rooted in the water syndicates. Empirical findings from village case studies reveal that limited collective memory exists today about former water syndicates' rules-in-use and patterns of action. We will explain this breach of tradition by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18899

A Brief Agrarian History of the Cottonwood River Watershed in Southwestern Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrolia,   Daniel R.
The Cottonwood River Watershed is located in southwestern Minnesota, draining 1,310 square miles of land within the Minnesota River Basin.  The watershed is comprised of parts of Brown, Cottonwood, Lyon, Murray, and Redwood Counties.  This essay gives a brief account of the initial European settlement of the area and the establishment of the current political boundaries.  It then focuses on the major developments in agricultural production during the past 150 years, touching on the changes in landscape and wildlife due to drainage and restructuring of water bodies and the clearing of forest land.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14089

A Brief History of the Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Department at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 1924-2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dixon,   Bruce L.; Minden,   Alicia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Department history; Teaching; Research; Grants; Personnel; Publication outlets; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q10; A30; N90.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55779

A Brief Summary of U.S. Farm Program Provisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Anderson,   David P.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
This brief publication began as a need for a short summary of farm programs and farm bills for two agricultural economics courses focusing on agricultural policy -- ag. economics 429, and ag. economics 614. It became clear that many students taking these courses had less and less background in agriculture and less (even cursory) knowledge of policies than those of the recent past. After this list was developed a number of other professional agricultural economists found copies and began to use it, hence its publication in a more structured form. The list of Farm Program Provisions is not all-inclusive. It certainly does not contain all the laws and provisions that have affected agriculture over the years. However, it is an easy reference to farm bills and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42712

A Brief Summary of U.S. Farm Program Provisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Anderson,   David P.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Campiche,   Jody L.
This publication began as a need for a short summary of farm programs and farm bills for two agricultural economics courses focusing on agricultural policy -- ag. economics 429, and ag. economics 614. Over time, it became clear that many students taking these courses had less and less background in agriculture and less (even cursory) knowledge of policies than those of the recent past. After this list was developed, a number of other professional agricultural economists found copies and began to use it, hence its publication in a more structured form. The list of Farm Program Provisions is not all-inclusive. It certainly does not contain all the laws and provisions that have affected agriculture over the years. However, it is an easy reference to farm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42134

A Bug's Life: Competition Among Species Towards the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bella,   Giovanni.
A model of different species competing for the same environment is presented, and possible explanations of peaceful coexistence or rather internecine conflicts are consequently derived. By means of a Lotka-Volterra dynamic system we describe the evolution of two populations (bees and locusts) that differently approach the management of those natural resources they contend for, and thus make a simple parable of today’s societies playing the current environmental scenario.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10269

A C++ PLATFORM FOR THE EVOLUTION OF TRADE NETWORKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McFadzean,   David; Tesfatsion,   Leigh.
This paper presents a general C++ platform for the implementation of a trade network game (TNG) that combines evolutionary game play with preferential partner selection.  In the TNG, successive generations of resource constrained traders choose and refuse trade partners on the basis of continually updated expected payoffs, engage in risky trades modelled as two-person games, and evolve their trade strategies over time.  The modular design of the TNG platform facilitates experimentation with alternative specifications for market structure, trade partner matching, trading, expectation formation, and trade strategy evolution.  The TNG platform can be used to study the evolutionary implications of these specifications at three different levels: individual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: C++ platform; Trade networks; Evolutionary game; Partner matching; Endogenous interactions; Agent-based computational economics; Artificial life; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18192

A CAR-SHARING CO-OPERATIVE IN WINNIPEG: ALTERNATIVES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leland,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31757

A Case Study of an NGOs Ecotourism Efforts: Findings Based on a Survey of Visitors to its Tropical Nature Reserve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article outlines the efforts of a small NGO, the Mareeba Wetland Foundation, to conserve nature and conduct tourism at its Mareeba Tropical Savanna Wetland Reserve in northern Queensland. It provides background about the establishment of the reserve and its nature and draws on the results from a survey of visitors to this reserve. It provides a socio-economic profile of visitors, their frequency of visits to it and their knowledge of it prior to visiting. This knowledge is found, on the whole, to be poor. The way in which visitors decided to visit the reserve is also considered as are indicators of the economic surplus obtained from visits. Because for most visitors their visit was an experiential good, doubts are raised about the traditional method...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation NGOs; Consumers’ surplus; Ecotourism; Experiential goods; Mareeba Tropical Savanna and Wetland Reserve; Mareeba Wetlands Foundation; National parks; Public economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q2; Q5; L83; H30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93403

A Case Study of China's Commercial Pork Value Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Hu,   Dinghuan; Fang,   Cheng.
In China, with the cost of improved technology rising, surplus labor shrinking, and demand for food quality and safety increasing, it will be just a matter of time before the country’'s hog production sector will be commercialized like that of developed countries. However, even if China'’s cost of production converges to international levels, as shown in this case study, China may continue to retain some competitive advantage because of the labor-intensive nature of the marketing services involved in hog processing and meat distribution. The supply of variety meats offers the most promising market opportunity for foreign suppliers in China. The market may open further if the tariff rate for variety meats is reduced from 20% and harmonized with the pork...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commercial; Cost structure; Imports; Pork value chain; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18689

A Case Study of Regulation in Zambia’s Cotton Sector.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Kabwe,   Stephen.
Cotton is an unquestioned success of Zambia’s turn towards a market economy. After privatization in late 1994, seed cotton production rose from 32,000 metric tons (mt) to about 180,000 mt a decade later (three-year averages centered on 1994 and 2005). The number of farmers involved in the sector grew similarly, yields trended upwards (though slowly), and the country dramatically improved the quality of its lint, becoming the outstanding performer  in Sub-Saharan Africa in this regard by the mid-2000s. Yet the sector has experienced two serious crashes since reform, both involving rampant credit default by farmers supported with seasonal input credit by ginning companies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Cotton; Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q10; Q11; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62145

A CENSORED SYSTEM ESTIMATION OF HISPANIC HOUSEHOLD FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanfranco,   Bruno A.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.; Huang,   Chung L.
A system of nine censored Engel curve equations was estimated for Hispanic households in the U.S.:  grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meat, legumes, fats, sugar, and beverages.  Income and household size elasticities, with their respective confidence intervals, are reported and the results compared with other ethnic groups in the U.S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16720

A Century of American Economic Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Piatti,   Marco.
Using information collected from American Economic Review publications of the last 100 years, we try to provide answers to various questions: Which are the top AER publishing institutions and countries? Which are the top AER papers based on citation success? How frequently is someone able to publish in AER? How equally is citation success distributed? Who are the top AER publishing authors? What is the level of cooperation among the authors? What drives the alphabetical name ordering? What are the individual characteristics of the AER authors, editors, editorial board members, and referees? How frequently do women publish in AER? What is the relationship between academic age, publication performance, and citation success? What are the paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: American Economic Review; Publishing Economics; Rankings; Cooperation; Authors; Editors; Board Members; Referees; Connections; Awards; Paper  Characteristics; Economic History; History of Economic Thought; Environmental Economics and Policy; A10; A110; B00; B31; B40; I23; N01; J00; Z00.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102501

A CES APPROACH TO THE MEASUREMENT OF INDUCED FACTOR AUGMENTATION: A TEST FOR JAPAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeung,   Patrick; Roe,   Terry L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14278

A CGE Analysis of the Harbinson Proposal: Outcomes for the EU25
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Philippidis,   George; Hubbard,   Lionel J.; Renwick,   Alan W.
In this study, we employ the Harbinson proposal and July Framework to compare a ‘likely’ Doha scenario with an ‘inclusive’ baseline. The key aim is to assess the impacts across EU member states. More specifically, we (i) employ the latest version 6 of the GTAP database, (ii) explicitly model CAP mechanisms (e.g., quotas, decoupled payments, set-aside, CAP budget etc.) to more accurately assess the asymmetric trade led welfare effects on selected EU member states, and (iii) introduce binding overhangs into domestic support, export subsidies and more importantly market access commitments. Whilst the EU regions benefit from the multilateral reform proposals, the gains are weakened considerably by the tariff binding overhangs, where the EU25 only gain ten per...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45992

A CGE model for California tax policy analysis: a review of literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Dabalen,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cge models; Input-output analysis; Sam; Taxation; Public Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43910

A CGE MODEL FOR MALAWI: TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans.
Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are a class of economywide models that are widely used for policy analysis in developing countries. This paper provides a detailed documentation of an applied CGE model of Malawi – the first ever for Malawi – developed in the context of the project “Collaborative Research and Capacity Strengthening for Multi-Sector Policy Analysis in Malawi and Southern Africa.” The purpose of this paper is to serve as a source of background information for analysts using the model in the context of the current project and in the future. The model is built around a 1998 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Malawi, which was developed in the context of the current project, is based on data from the 1998 Integrated Household Survey...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16264

A CGE-Analysis of Energy Policies Considering Labor Market Imperfections and Technology Specifications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuster,   Robert; Ellersdorfer,   Ingo; Fahl,   Ulrich.
The paper establishes a CGE/MPSGE model for evaluating energy policy measures with emphasis on their employment impacts. It specifies a dual labor market with respect to qualification, two different mechanisms for skill specific unemployment, and a technology detailed description of electricity generation. Non clearing of the dual labor market is modeled via minimum wage constraints and via wage curves. The model is exemplarily applied for the analysis of capital subsidies on the application of technologies using renewable energy sources. Quantitative results highlight that subsidies on these technologies do not automatically lead to a significant reduction in emissions. Moreover, if emission reductions are achieved these might actually partly result from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12035

A Choice Modelling Approach for Assessment of Use and Quasi-Option Values in Urban Planning for Areas of Environmental Interest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strazzera,   Elisabetta; Cherchi,   Elisabetta; Ferrini,   Silvia.
This study adopts a discrete choice modelling methodology to evaluate individuals’ preferences over planning alternatives for an urban site of environmental interest. Since such projects involve some uncertainty and irreversibility, a special attention is devoted to the estimation of the quasi-option values which are associated to project development. Two distinct measures for the quasi-option value are estimated, and both coefficients indicate that the public places a significant value on reduction of the possibility of adverse irreversible effects: a more prudent development strategy is valued about four times more than a procedure that provides a lesser hedge against undesired outcomes. Furthermore, the study involved elicitation of intertemporal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Urban Planning; Environmental Values; Choice Modelling; Use Values; Quasi-option Values; Discounting; C35; Q51; R41.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42903

A COEVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE PARADOX OF SOCIAL PRESSURES VERSUS ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ACROSS THE WORLD'S FOOD CHAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ng,   Desmond W.; Westgren,   Randall E.; Sonka,   Steven T.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24096

A Cointegration Analysis of Wool Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie).
Based on cointegration analysis and monthly data from 1976.8 to 1999.10, a long-run equilibrium relationship was found to exist between prices for wools of 19 to 23 microns, despite the wool Reserve Price Scheme operated until February 1991. Furthermore, the prices for 19, 20 and 21 micron wools were found to be weakly exogenous. The latter result suggested that, although co-integrated, prices for finer wools tended to be less volatile than coarser wools. The implications are that wool producers would enjoy more stable prices by producing finer wools and that cross-hedging is possible given co-movements of prices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Error correction model; Reserve price scheme; Wool marketing.; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12929

A comment on market structure and the durability of goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Cosimano,   Thomas F.
This paper considers the effect of market structure on the durability of goods. A previous model is analyzed to provide conditions under which a monopolist provides less durable goods and a lower present value of services than the social optimum.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6094

A Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Productivity Trends in Centrally Planned Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Lung-Fai; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7482

A Comparative Analysis of Agricultural Transportation and Logistics Systems in the United States and Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goldsby,   Thomas J.
Interest is high in Argentina as an emerging economic power in the Americas. This paper analyzes issues pertinent to the relative advantages and disadvantages of transportation and logistics systems between the United States and Argentina in the context of distribution to significant global markets. Designed as a tool for agribusiness students and prospective investment and trade partners, it provides a side-by-side analysis of U.S. and Argentine rail, motor, and water transportation systems. Also from a comparative perspective, it examines grain storage capacities and systems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global markets; Infrastructure; Logistics systems; Transportation systems; Privatization; Public Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18694

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS IN AGRI-FOOD PROCESSING IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Larry J.; Stiefelmeyer,   Kate.
This study starts with three objectives:  a. to revisit and revise, if necessary, the definition of competitiveness and characterize the factors that affect relative competitiveness. b. To apply the definition of competitiveness empirically by measuring labour productivity, as well as value-added for industries in the agri-food sector in Canada and the US. c. To assess and describe changes in agri-food sector competitiveness over time
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18098

A Comparative Analysis of the Development of the United States and European Union Biodiesel Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriquiry,   Miguel A.
Worldwide production of biodiesel is growing at a rapid pace. Arguably, the European Union (EU) is the global leader in biodiesel production, but the United States has recently expanded its production. The growth of the biodiesel industry in both regions has been fueled by a series of government-provided financial incentives. However, the timing of the growth and incentive provisions, the nature of the main incentives, and the market conditions differ across regions. This article provides a comparative analysis of the EU and U.S. biodiesel industries, highlighting market and policy aspects that are leading to a rapid but distinct growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiesel; Biodiesel industry; Biodiesel quality; Biofuels; Energy security; Rapeseed oil; Rapeseed methyl ester; Soybean oil; Soydiesel; Ultra low sulfur diesel; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9081

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EU-MOROCCO FTA VS. MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; Hertel,   Thomas W.
An applied general equilibrium model with oligopoly and scale economies, based on detailed plant-level data, is used to contrast the impacts of the Morocco-EU free trade area (FTA) to multilateral trade liberalization on Morocco'’s economy. Simulation results show that the FTA agreement is likely to have adverse effects on Morocco due to: (a) deteriorating terms of trade, (b) reductions in output per firm in industries dominated by scale economies, (c) diversion of imports away from non-EU suppliers, and (d) potentially adverse effects on the aggregate demand for labor. We contrast this FTA with a multilateral liberalization scenario along the lines of those proposed under the Doha Development Round and find this more beneficial to Morocco, with overall...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28692

A comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of rain-fed and smallholder irrigation in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makambe,   Godswill; Namara,   Regassa E.; Hagos,   Fitsum; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Ayana,   Mekonnen; Bossio,   Deborah A.
Agriculture is the most significant contributor to Ethiopia’s economy. Most of the agricultural production is under rainfed conditions and thus extremely sensitive to rainfall variability. Irrigation development, including smallholder irrigation, is used by the Ethiopian Government to attempt to mitigate the effects of rainfall variability. In this study, we look at smallholder irrigation - modern and traditional irrigation systems. A detailed description of the cropping patterns is given. The stochastic frontier production function approach is used to estimate technical inefficiency, and constraints to production are analyzed. Since the traditional system is found to be efficient but on a lower production frontier, the study shows that significant gains...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rainfed farming; Irrigated farming; Efficiency; Irrigation schemes; Small scale systems; Cropping patterns; Crop production; Economic aspects; Statistical analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118298

A comparative analysis of the technical efficiency of rain-fed and smallholder irrigation in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makombe,   Godswill; Namara,   Regassa E.; Hagos,   Fitsum; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Ayana,   Mekonnen; Bossio,   Deborah A.
Agriculture is the most significant contributor to Ethiopia’s economy. Most of the agricultural production is under rainfed conditions and thus extremely sensitive to rainfall variability. Irrigation development, including smallholder irrigation, is used by the Ethiopian Government to attempt to mitigate the effects of rainfall variability. In this study, we look at smallholder irrigation - modern and traditional irrigation systems. A detailed description of the cropping patterns is given. The stochastic frontier production function approach is used to estimate technical inefficiency, and constraints to production are analyzed. Since the traditional system is found to be efficient but on a lower production frontier, the study shows that significant gains...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rainfed farming; Irrigated farming; Efficiency; Irrigation schemes; Small scale systems; Cropping patterns; Crop production; Economic aspects; Statistical analysis; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113012

A Comparative Marketing Analysis of Major Agricultural Products in the United States and Argentina
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.
Interest is high in Argentina as an emerging economic power in the Americas. This paper analyzes issues pertinent to the relative advantages and disadvantages between the United States and Argentina for producing, transporting, processing, and marketing major agricultural commodities in the context of distribution to significant global markets. Designed as a tool for agribusiness students and prospective investment and trade partners, it provides a side-by-side analysis of major U.S. and Argentine agricultural commodities. All facts and figures are in U.S. currency and common U.S. (avoirdupois) weights and measures. Also from a comparative perspective, it defines the differences in technologies between the countries and examines in detail the marketing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural commodities; Agricultural markets; Argentina versus United States; Commercialization; Comparative economic analysis; Grains; Livestock; Marketing channels; Production technology; Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18684

A Comparative Study of China's and Australia's Cotton Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xufu; Tisdell,   Clement A.
After providing information about the global importance of cotton as a textile and China’s and Australia’s contribution to global cotton production, this paper examines and compares trends in the time-series of cotton production of China and Australia for the period 1980-2007. In doing so, it takes account of changes in the area planted with cotton and its yield. Correlation estimates and decomposition analysis are used to determine the relative contribution to variations in the total output of cotton of changes in the total area planted with cotton and its yield in both countries. These relative contributions are found to be quite different for Australia and China. In addition, there is a comparative analysis of fluctuations in the production of cotton,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Agricultural economics; China; Cotton production; Cotton supply responses; Fibre markets; Fluctuations in agricultural production; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q00; Q10; Q11; Q13; Q18; Q19.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90622

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LAND TENURE, PROPERTY BOUNDARIES, AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION: EXAMPLES FROM BOLIVIA AND NORWAY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodale,   Mark R.G.; Sky,   Per Kare.
This paper compares and contrasts patterns of land tenure, property boundaries, and dispute resolution regarding property using examples from two diverse social and economic regions: Bolivia and Norway. The goal of the paper is essentially a comparative one. By placing the examples of Bolivia and Norway side by side, the authors hope to shed light on common strategies while recognizing the diversity to be found in the ways that people relate to land. It is hoped that readers will be able to compare the material here with examples from other regions. By using data based on field research and related methods from two regions starkly distinguished from each other by language, socioeconomic levels, political histories, and extent of integration into world...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land tenure -- Bolivia; Land tenure -- Norway; Dispute resolution -- Bolivia; Dispute resolution -- Norway; Land conflicts -- Bolivia; Land conflicts -- Norway; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12769

A COMPARISON IN TRANSITO: TO ADAPT, APPLY AND EVALUATE THE ITC'S TPI FOR ANALYSING EXPORT INDUSTRIES' EXPORT STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF FRESH GRAPES AND ORANGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blignaut,   C.S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18023

A Comparison of Agricultural Sector Models: CRAM, DRAM, SASM and the KVL Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wiborg,   Torben.
Four different programming models dealing with the agricultural sectors in Canada, The Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark are analysed. The purpose is to construct a knowledge base for the development of a new sector model for Danish agriculture. This analysis has created a valuable set of resources for use in the development of the model.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24211

A COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATING THE RATE OF RETURN TO AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH USING THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Jeffrey S.
The aim of this paper is to test whether the marginal internal rate of return (MIRR) to research and extension estimates are sensitive to the estimation procedure used to find them. To achieve this, a summary of the previously used estimation procedures is made. Following this a cross section aggregate production function estimate is developed for the U.S. in 1964. The parameter estimates from this model are used to calculate the MIRR's using the different estimation procedures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13673

A COMPARISON OF CHEAP TALK AND ALTERNATIVE CERTAINTY CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES IN CONTINGENT VALUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Samnaliev,   Mihail; Stevens,   Thomas H.; More,   Thomas.
A field test of cheap talk and two types of certainty calibration in contingent valuation of public lands indicated that cheap talk does not reduce WTP estimates. Use of a ten point certainty calibration scale reduces WTP estimates by about half. However, adjusting for uncertainty using a 'Not Sure' option does not reduce WTP estimates but increases the variance in responses. There may be a conceptual difference between these two ways of accounting for respondents' uncertainty, which may suggest why they provide different WTP value estimates and variances.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14517

A COMPARISON OF DEPARTMENTAL TEACHING EFFICIENCY IN THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, FOOD SYSTEMS, AND NATURAL RESOURCES: AY2000-AY2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.
Teaching efficiency is investigated for the nine departments in the College of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources at North Dakota State University.  Using Data Envelopment Analysis, departments are compared to their College peers in converting teaching faculty and teaching funds into three teaching outputs: student credit hours generated, undergraduate majors, and graduate students.  Most departments are efficient in the technical conversion of inputs to outputs under variable returns to scale.  Scale effects are evident, indicating some departments consistently extract higher average productivity from inputs in servicing undergraduate majors, graduate students, and in generating student credit hours.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23519

A COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITIONS OF THE CITIES OF BRANCH AND NORTH BRANCH, MINNESOTA FOR YEARS 1986-1991
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Honadle,   Beth Walter; Jaax,   Ross.
The objective of this brief background paper is to compare selected financial indicators for the cities of Branch and North Branch for the years 1986-1991. For an additional reference point in the comparison, we compared the two cities to the average of Greater Minnesota cities their size (fewer than 2,500 people).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14130

A COMPARISON OF FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS IN MEXICO AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gundersen,   Craig; Yanez,   Mara; Valdes,   Constanza; Kuhn,   Betsey A.
The social safety nets in Mexico and the United States rely heavily on food assistance programs to ensure food security and access to safe and nutritious foods. To achieve these general goals, both countries' programs are exclusively paid for out of internal funds and both target low-income households and/or individuals. Despite those similarities, economic, cultural, and demographic differences between the countries lead to differences in their abilities to ensure food security and access to safe and nutritious foods. Mexico uses geographic and household targeting to distribute benefits while the United States uses only household targeting. U.S. food assistance programs tend to be countercyclical (as the economy expands, food assistance expenditures...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food assistance programs; Social safety net; Targeting methods; Macroeconomy; Poverty; Progresa; DICONSA; FIDELIST; LICONSA; DIF; Food Stamp Program; WIC; The National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33859

A COMPARISON OF HYPOTHETICAL PHONE AND MAIL CONTINGENT VALUATION RESPONSES FOR GREEN PRICING ELECTRICITY PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ethier,   Robert G.; Poe,   Gregory L.; Schulze,   William D.; Clark,   Jeremy.
To date, much of the policy and research debate on contingent valuation mode effects has relied on experiences drawn from other research disciplines. This study provides the first contingent valuation phone-mail comparison that meets current standards for response rates, draws from a general population, is relevant to the valuation of general environmental goods, and allows comparisons with actual sign-ups. Consistent with previous research in other disciplines, social desirability bias is found in responses to subjective questions --thus leading to more environmentally favorable responses on the phone. However, this effect does not carry over to hypothetical participation decisions. Hypothetical bias is found in both modes. Yet, application of calibration...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7245

A COMPARISON OF MINNESOTA'S FARM BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION MEMBERS AND THE USDA'S FARM COSTS AND RETURNS SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersson,   Hans; Olson,   Kent D.
Many states have farm record associations which collect individual farm data. This data are used for research, extension, and teaching purposes. However, since membership in the associations is voluntary, the question arises whether the members are representative of the population of all farmers in that area. This study compares farm record data collected through the Southeastern and Southwestern Minnesota Farm Business Management Associations (FBMA) and data obtained through the USDA's Farm Costs and Returns Survey (FCRS). Both data sets were for 1987. By design, the FCRS survey is not subject to the self-selection bias that may occur in the FBMA data. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine which farm characteristics are statistically the same...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13084

A COMPARISON OF MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY CALCULATIONS OF THE U.S. AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14165

A COMPARISON OF OUTDOOR RECREATION TRENDS OVER THE PAST DECADE AS REPORTED BY THE 1982-83 AND 1994-95 NATIONAL RECREATION SURVEYS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teasley,   R. Jeff; Cordell,   H. Ken; Bergstrom,   John C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16701

A Comparison of Risk Preference Measurements with Implications for Extension Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schurle,   Bryan W.; Tierney,   William I., Jr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118185

A COMPARISON OF SUSTAINABLE AND CONVENTIONAL FARMERS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sell,   Randall S.; Goreham,   Gary A.; Youngs,   George A., Jr.; Watt,   David L.
Interviews and mail-out/mail-back surveys were conducted in 1992 with 38 conventional and 41 sustainable North Dakota farmers. The results emphasize the differences and similarities of these two types of farmers.  Sustainable farms had more diverse cropping practices and were more likely to raise alternative crops like alfalfa, buckwheat, hay, millet, oats, and rye than conventional farmers.  Conventional farmers were more likely to raise traditional crops like barley, sugar beets, sunflowers, and spring wheat. Conventional farmers averaged substantially higher crop yields than sustainable farmers.  Three-fourths of the sustainable farmers raised livestock compared with one-half of the conventional farmers. Conventional farmers had greater equity, assets,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable farms; Conventional farms; Organic; North Dakota; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23104

A Comparison of Tariffs and Quotas in a Strategic Setting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
We model the situation where two large countries impose either tariffs or quotas and a third large country remains passive. The introduction of the third country overturns results from two-country models. Stable quota equilibria are capable of reproducing the equilibrium price under tariffs, and Nash equilibria with quotas can result in positive amounts of trade. Using a linear partial equilibrium model, we show that world welfare may be higher under Nash quotas than under Nash tariffs. However, simulation results suggest that tariffs are likely to result in higher welfare than quotas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tariffs and quotas; Nash equilibria; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51250

A COMPARISON OF THE SIZE AND LOCATION OF AGRIBUSINESS INDUSTRIES FOR LOUISIANA AND ITS PARISHES: 1982-1992
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hughes,   David W.; Harrison,   R. Wes.
The objective of this study is to measure and analyze the effects of structural change in the agribusiness sector on parish economies in Louisiana. Specific objectives are: (1) to measure changing patterns of employment in Louisiana's agribusiness sector, (2) to analyze the impacts of structural change on the contribution of agribusiness to total employment in individual parishes, and (3) to identify any rural-to-urban or urban-to-rural shifts in the geographic location of employment resulting from structural changes in agribusiness industries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31684

A Comparison of Timber Models for Use in Public Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent; Sedjo,   Roger A.
In this paper, we compare and contrast two types of timber models that have been used for public policy analysis. These models have been variously used to predict price, inventory and market welfare impacts under different exogenous forces that impact timber markets. The framework and theory for each model type is presented and discussed. We then thoroughly test the two model types across six potential exogenous shocks to timber markets, ranging from instantaneous demand shocks to gradual supply adjustments. Our comparison indicates that these models predict potentially important differences in timber market behavior. These differences are important to consider for those who do public policy analysis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Timber markets; Models; Dynamic adjustment; Optimization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C62; Q21; Q23.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10467

A COMPARISON OF VARIOUS FRONTIER ESTIMATION METHODS UNDER DIFFERING DATA GENERATION ASSUMPTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Settlage,   Daniel M.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Thomsen,   Michael R.
Monte Carlo methods examine the accuracy of several production frontier approximating forms, estimators and methods to rank firms by level of predicted technical efficiency. Results show stochastic frontier methods superior to data envelopment analysis.  The Cobb-Douglas approximating form is superior to the translog or generalized Leontief.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15773

A Compilation of Reported Non-Tariff Measures: Description of the Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Donnelly,   William A.; Manifold,   Diane.
The compilation of NTMs for goods and services described in this paper cover 53 countries, and it was constructed so as to focus upon members of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) and the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The compilation is organized by country, category, generic barrier, specific barrier, sector, product, source, and year. It provides information on goods and services and gives the reference source for each entry. The information contained is expected to be of potential use to researchers and policymakers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15869

A Computable Equilibrium Model for the Study of Political Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freeman,   John R.
Despite much hard work in recent years, economics and political science remain largely separate disciplines. Few meaningful bridges have been build between them, and hence useful gains from intellectual trade between the two have not been realized. Some of the most recent efforts to construct such a bridge are critically evaluated. It is shown that this literature suffers from a lack of theoretical balance between economic and political theory; unrealistic, temporally aggregated conceptions of political-economic equilibrium; failure to incorporate theoretically meaningful stochastic elements of economic and political processes; and the absence of a coherent methodology for gauging the empirical power of political-economic models.  In the spirit of the AJPS...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7484

A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF MEXICO'S AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Rebecca Lee.
Since the late 1980s, Mexico has liberalized its agricultural sector, moving from a system of price supports, producer subsidies and consumer subsidies to a less distorting scheme in which market forces play a greater role. Coinciding with these agrarian and food policy reforms, the government has implemented the PROCAMPO system of direct payments to farmers. There is a general consensus that a direct payment program has the potential to be more efficient than a system of subsidies and supports. At the same time, there is widespread agreement that other policies need to be put in place to assure protection of the economically vulnerable segments of the population. Within this context, this paper uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16271

A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis of the Impact of an Oil Price Increase in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Scott; van Schoor,   Melt.
Following recent international oil price increases, there has been considerable interest in how this external factor can affect the South African economy. This paper reports results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis of an increase (up to 30 per cent) in international oil prices. Background information is provided, which puts the magnitude of the price variations in historical context. We describe the procedure used to adjust the social accounting matrix (SAM), which is used to calibrate the model, to account explicitly for crude oil. Then, the effects of the crude oil price increase are traced through the economy, from markets, industries through to factors, households and the government. Predictably, the shock hurts the economy: a 20...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15633

A Computable General Equilibrium Model for Development Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7477

A COMPUTATIONAL LABORATORY FOR EVOLUTIONARY TRADE NETWORKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesfatsion,   Leigh; Stewart,   Deron; McFadzean,   David.
This study presents, motivates, and illustrates the use of a computational laboratory for the investigation of evolutionary trade network formation among strategically interacting buyers, sellers, and dealers.  The computational laboratory, referred to as the Trade Network Game Laboratory (TNG Lab), is targetted for the Microsoft Windows desktop.  The TNG Lab is both modular and extensible and has a clear, easily operated graphical use interface.  It permits visualization of the formation and evolution of trade networks by means of real-time animations.  Data tables and charts reporting descriptive performance statistics are also provided in real time.  The capabilities of the TNG Lab are demonstrated by means of labor market experiments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computational laboratory; Buyer-seller trade networks; Evolutionary game; Network animation; Agent-based computational economics; C++ class framework; Labor market experiments; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18199

A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Agricultural Economic and Environmental Tradeoffs in the Central Nebraska Basins Using Field-Level Area Study Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Mitchell,   Paul D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18373

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING FOR INDIVIDUAL FARMS;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Destro,   Stefano.
The objective of this paper is to provide a framework of accounting to allow the evaluation and comparison of both conventional and traditional agriculture by accounting for both traditional market transactions and the environmental resources and changes in those resources.  Even if a study estimates the value of the change in the resource inventory, the correction to the farmer's financial condition is not made in an explicit way.  Again, the study by Faeth et al. makes a strong contribution to the need to have such an accounting system for farms.  Farmers should be interested in this information because it is their own backyard where they are working, living and using their own assets.  We start with a brief review of the work done with national accounts...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14369

A concern about low relative income, and the alignment of utilitarianism with egalitarianism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Kobus,   Martyna; Jakubek,   Marcin.
A utilitarian social planner who maximizes social welfare assigns the available income to those who are most efficient in converting income into utility. However, when individuals are concerned about their income falling behind the incomes of others, the optimal income distribution under utilitarianism is equality of incomes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Utilitarianism; Income equality; Social welfare maximization; Relative income; Labor and Human Capital; H0; I0; I30; I31.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117257

A Consistent Picture of Applied Protection Across the World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouet,   Antoine; Decreux,   Yvan; Fontagne,   Lionel; Jean,   Sebastien; Laborde,   David.
In order to provide with a consistent assessment of protection across the world in 2001, the MAcMap-HS6 database includes ad valorem equivalent measure of tariff duties and tariff rate quotas for 163 countries and 208 partners, at the six-digit level of the Harmonized System (5,111 products), and accounting for all preferential agreements.  We first describe the methodology used to compute and aggregate ad valorem-equivalent applied tariff duties, well suited for analytical purposes.  Special emphasis is put in minimizing the endogeneity bias in the aggregation procedure, and in acknowledging structural differences in export specialization.  We then overview applied protection across the world, in terms of average as well as distribution.  Protection...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18859

A CONTINUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION POLICY: THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.; Schulz,   Mary A.; Schweikhardt,   David B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11519

A CONVERSATION ABOUT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31763

A COST FUNCTION APPROACH TO THE MEASUREMENT OF FACTOR DEMAND ELASTICITIES AND ELASTICITIES OF SUBSTITUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binswanger,   Hans P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13478

A COST-BASED MODEL OF SEASONAL PRODUCTION, WITH APPLICATION TO MILK POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Roosen,   Jutta.
Milk production is seasonal in many European countries. While quantity seasonality poses capacity management problems for dairy processors, a European Union policy goal is to reduce price seasonality. After developing a model of endogenous seasonality, we study the effects of three E.U. policies on production decisions. These are private storage subsidies, production removals, and production quotas. When cost functions are seasonal in a specified way, then arbitrage opportunities interact with storage subsidies to reduce both price and consumption seasonality. But production seasonality likely increases because storage subsidies promote temporal market integration. Conditions are identified under which product market interventions increase quantity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Market intervention; Quota; Stabilization; Storage subsidies; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18587

A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF DEMAND- AND SUPPLY-SIDE EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS: THE CASE OF PROGRESA IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coady,   David P.; Parker,   Susan W.
This paper is concerned with the issue of the most cost-effective way of improving access to education for poor households in developing countries. We consider two alternatives: (1) extensive expansion of the school system (i.e., bringing education to the poor) and (2) subsidizing investment in education by the poor (i.e., bringing the poor to the education system). To this end, we evaluate the Programa Nacional de Educación, Salud y Alimentación (PROGRESA), a large poverty alleviation program recently introduced in Mexico that subsidizes education. Using double-difference regression estimators on data collected before and after the program for randomly selected control and treatment households, we estimate the relative impacts of the demand- and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16406

A Country-Level Analysis of Competitive Advantage in the Wine Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Castaldi,   Richard; Cholette,   Susan; Hussain,   Mahmood.
The purposes of  this paper are (1) to examine driving forces and key success factors related to the increasing globalization of the wine industry, and (2) to analyze the current competitive advantage positions of four Old and five New World wine producing countries.  Each country will be profiled using key industry data and analyzed regarding their national capabilities to address five key success factors that contribute to their national competitive advantage position. The countries fall into three groups with respect to their national comparative competitive advantage position. The group with the strongest competitive position includes United States, Australia, and Chile. Australia and Chile both have small populations that provide for a tiny domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14859

A Critical Assessment of Islamic Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shams,   Rasul.
This paper presents a critical assessment of the widely discussed concept of Islamic Economics. The two different interpretations of Islamic economics as the study of the functioning of an interest-free economy and the validity of moral values in the economy are discussed. It is shown that none of these interpretations can help to create an acceptable foundation for an Islamic economics. Far away from laying the foundation for such an economics the question is raised how an Islamic economy would function, based on the Islamic principle of controlling the Nafs. Microeconomics and macroeconomics of such an economy are analysed and its special features are compared to an economy functioning on the basis of laws devised by the conventional economic analysis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Household behaviour; Unemployment; Moral values; Islamic economy; Consumer/Household Economics; Political Economy; D10; E24; P50.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26295

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF LISA HILL'S VIEW OF ADAM SMITH'S 'HIDDEN THEOLOGY'
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvey,   James E.
Lisa Hill has recently provided a new assessment of Adam Smith which attempts to reveal the 'hidden' theology which underpins his providential or 'optimistic' system of thought. Her interpretation breaks with the mainstream view of Smith as a follower of the secular, or atheistic, David Hume. While Hill concedes that there are resemblances to modern theories of evolution and spontaneous order in Smith's writings, the latter's own views differ. Darwinian evolution and Hayekian spontaneous order theories are thoroughly secular. Smith's ideas, however, are located in, what Hill calls 'a transitional phase in the history of ideas' in which belief in teleology was still mainstream. Hence, while society may change very slowly over time, in something like an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23711

A Critical Survey of Databases on Tariffs and Trade Available for the Analysis of EU Agricultural Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drogue,   Sophie; Bartova,   Lubica.
Applied trade analysis and modeling would not be possible without databases. Over the last few years, a considerable effort has been devoted to put together and harmonize a huge amount of data. This has lead to the construction of large-scale datasets on trade (imports and exports in volume and value terms). In parallel, increasing attention has been devoted to measuring tariffs and other trade barriers. These efforts are still under way. It is only recently that large-scale models, for example, have taken into account the lower tariffs applied under preferential agreements (the former generation of models only considered the "bound" tariffs that act as a ceiling in many countries). The changes resulting from the introduction of better data on tariffs have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7287

A Critique of Computable General Equilibrium Models for Trade Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hazledine,   Tim.
The paper will deal in turn with three sets of modelling issues: the question of 'data'; the 'micro' problem of specifying market behaviour, and the. 'macro' issue of 'closing' the models in aggregate. I will conclude with some suggestions for future research. The basic theme of the paper is this: CGE modelling is essentially a conservative or 'neoclassical' scientific endeavour, and exhibits the strengths and weaknesses of neoclassicism. And as for the recent injection of apparently nonneoclassical imperfect competition or industrial organization (IO) concepts into CGE, though, as an 10 specialist myself I certainly welcome this in principle, I have doubts about the usefulness of the practice.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51131

A critique of "Identifying structural equations through the nonlinearity of a single price gradient" and "Identifying structural equations with single market data" by Rob Mendelsohn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6283

A Crop Yield Expectation Stochastic Process with Beta Distribution as Limit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
The modeling of price risk in the theory and practice of commodity risk management has been developed far beyond that of crop yield risk. This is in large part due to the use of plausible stochastic price processes. We use the Pólya urn to identify and develop a model of the crop yield expectation stochastic process over a growing season. The process allows a role for agronomic events, such as growing degree days. The model is internally consistent in adhering to the martingale property. The limiting distribution is the beta, commonly used in yield modeling. By applying binomial tree analysis, we show how to use the framework to study hedging decisions and crop valuation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Growing degree days; Martingale; Pólya urn; Stochastic process.; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54829

A Cross-Country Analysis of Household Response to Adult Mortality in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for HIV/AIDS Mitigation and Rural Development Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David; Donovan,   Cynthia; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Weber,   Michael T.; Chapoto,   Antony; Mazhangara,   Edward; Mghenyi,   Elliot W.; Bailey,   Linda; Yoo,   Kyeongwon; Yamano,   Takashi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Downloads November 2008 - July 2007: 6.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11322

A Currency Crisis in Europe? - The Europe's Common Currency and the New Accession Countries -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krawczyk,   Mariusz K.
The politically and legally complicated character of the EU Eastern Enlargement heavily influenced the conflict between the legal and economic rationality underlying the construction of the EMR-II. This makes the ERM-II vulnerable to currency crises and creates conditions for a widespread currency and asset substitution in the accession countries. As a result, the required participation of all accession countries in the ERM-II imposes unnecessary costs on the whole enlargement process. The costs could be avoided if the EU adopted a more flexible approach to the enlargement of its monetary union, allowing for an individual path of adopting the euro in each accession country depending on the country's economic conditions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; Monetary integration; Currency crisis; Asset substitution; Financial Economics; F32; F33; F36.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26309

A DECADE OF LAND REFORM AND FARM RESTRUCTURING: WHAT RUSSIA CAN LEARN FROM THE WORLD EXPERIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14985

A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR COMMODITY MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Robert P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13827

A Decomposition of North American Trade Growth since NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hillberry,   Russell H.; McDaniel,   Christine A.
Total U.S. trade with NAFTA partners has increased 78 percent in real terms since 1993–U.S.-Mexico trade alone is up 141 percent–compared to a 43 percent increase in U.S. trade with the rest of the world. In this article we compare the nature of U.S. trade growth with Canada and Mexico to growth in U.S. trade with non-NAFTA partners. We apply a simple decomposition of trade growth offered by Hummels and Klenow (2002) that provides insights into whether the United States is trading more of the same goods with NAFTA partners since 1993, or trading new products. The results provide evidence of both. A sizeable component of U.S. trade growth since 1993 can be explained by increases in the variety of products the U.S. imports from Mexico.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15866

A Descriptive Analysis of Canada and Mexico Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15697

A Descriptive Analysis of Chili, Colombia, and Venezuela Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15712

A Descriptive Analysis of Egypt and Saudi Arabia Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15698

A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vink,   Nick; Kirsten,   Johann F.
The working paper discusses the trends in farm employment over time in South Africa.  This is followed by the presentation of six case studies of specific commodities and regions with the view to establishing the potential employment effects of various changes in the policy environment.  The article ends with an assessment of selected aspects of the wider environment within which the sector operates, to ascertain the extent to which such policy shifts are feasible, i.e. whether the measured effects in employment generation are likely to happen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18048

A Descriptive Analysis of Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15695

A Descriptive Analysis of Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15709

A Descriptive Analysis of Recent Trends in the International Market for Dry Milk Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gould,   Brian W.; Villarreal,   Hector J.
This Discussion Paper provides a comprehensive description of longer-term trends for exports and world prices of dry milk products. The importance of U.S. exports of dry milk products is suggested by figures in the paper showing that in 2000, 17% of U.S. nonfat dry milk, 35% of dry whey, 47% of lactose, and 11% of whey protein concentrates were exported. The Gould-Villarreal study documents the decline in world trade in nonfat dry milk and expansion of world trade in whole milk powder. The paper suggests that collective product mix decisions of the U.S. dairy industry are partially out-of-sync with world demand. Other implications for U.S. dairy exporters of changes in world demand for dry milk products are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dry Milk Products; U.S. Dry Milk Exports; World Trade; Dry Milk Product Prices; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37639

A Descriptive Analysis of Selected Southeast Asia Countries That Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15710

A Descriptive Analysis of Several Caribbean Countries That Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15699

A Descriptive Analysis of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom Who Import United States Dairy Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xumin; Kilmer,   Richard L.; Muhammad,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15701

A Diagnostic Model for Capacity Building in Regulatory Agencies: An Empirical Study Based on the ICT Sector, Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eldridge,   Derek; Goulden,   Brian.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30667

A diffusion model for the adoption of agricultural innovations in structured adopting populations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McRoberts,   Neil; Franke,   A.C.
We introduce a new model for examining the dynamics of uptake of technological innovations in agricultural systems, using the adoption of zero-till wheat in the rice-wheat system in Haryana state, India, as a case study. A new equation is derived which describes the dynamics of adoption over time and takes into account the effect of aggregation (e.g. on a spatial and/or cultural basis) in the adopting population on the rate of adoption. The model extends previous phenomenological models by removing the assumption of homogeneity in the non-adopting fraction of the population. We show how factors affecting the per capita rate of adoption can be captured using cognitive mapping and simulate the dynamics of the adoption process.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bass curve; Adoption; Innovation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61117

A Discussion on Armington Trade Substitution Elasticities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDaniel,   Christine A.; Balistreri,   Edward J.
Applied partial and general equilibrium models used to examine trade policy are almost universally sensitive to trade elasticities. Indeed, the Armington elasticity, the degree of substitution between domestic and imported goods, is a key behavioral parameter that drives the quantitative, and sometimes the qualitative, results that policymakers use. While standard transparent approaches to econometric estimation of these elasticities have been offered for the last 30 years, the estimates are viewed as too small by many trade economists. A few robust findings emerge from the econometric literature: (1) more disaggregate analyses find higher elasticities, (2) long-run estimates are higher than short-run estimates, and (3) time series analyses generally find...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15856

A DISCUSSION PAPER ON CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD GOVERNANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Murray E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31758

A "DISJOINTED INCREMENTALIST'S" APPROACH TO MEASURING RESEARCH BENEFITS AND COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fishel,   Walter L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13592

A Dual Approach to Estimation With Constant Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino; Caputo,   Michael R.
In a recent paper, Mundlak assumes that the price-taking, risk-neutral and profit-maximizing entrepreneur makes his decisions on the basis of a planning model that maximizes expected profit using expected prices. In the same paper, the author asserts that when there is no sample price variation across competitive firms, it is impossible to estimate the supply and factor demand functions from cross-section data using a dual approach. In a famous paper, titled “To Dual or not to Dual,” Pope asserted a similar opinion. This paper shows that, using Mundlak’s assumption about planning decisions based upon expected profit, it is possible to use a dual estimator to estimate supply and factor demand functions. This objective is achieved by using Mundlak’s...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Constant prices; Dual approach; Cobb-Douglas; Nonlinear errors-in-variables; Demand and Price Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D0; C3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93740

A dynamic analysis of marketing orders, voting , and welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Published in:  American Journal of Agricultural Economics, v.67:3, August 1985, p.487-496  [S1/J6] Giannini Foundation paper 730
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing agreements; Marketing orders; Voting; Marketing.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43306

A Dynamic Bioeconomic Model of Ivory Trade: Details and Extended Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Trade in ivory is banned under CITES in an effort to protect the African elephant. The trade ban is supported by some range states, most notably Kenya, because they see the ban as an effective means for protecting a ‘flagship’ species, one that attracts tourists and foreign aid. It is opposed by some states, mainly in southern Africa, because their elephant populations are exceeding the capacity of local ecosystems with culling and other sources have resulted in the accumulation of large stocks of ivory. They argue that ivory trade will benefit elephant populations. The question of whether an ivory trade ban will protect elephant populations is addressed in this paper using a dynamic partial-equilibrium model that consists of four ivory exporting regions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of elephant conservation; Economics of ivory trade; Trade bans; Cartels and quota; International Relations/Trade; F10; O55; Q26; Q27.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37030

A Dynamic CGE Model: An Application of R&amp;D- Based Endogenous Growth Model Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Elbasha,   Elamin H.; Roe,   Terry L.; Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
An R&amp;D based endogenous growth - applied general equilibrium model is developed from an underlying analytical model which combines Romer's capital variety with Grossman and Helpman's multi-sector open economy model. The transitional dynamics of the analytical model are derived. For numerical implementation, a time discrete empirical model, with an Armington structure, is fit to East Asian data of the social accounting matrix variety. Simulations of trade reform are performed and their static and dynamic effects compared. The transition paths of the state variables are found to have a half-life of five to six periods. A solution of the Social Planner's problem, and interventions which seek to obtain this outcome from the decentralized model are also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Applied General Equilibrium; Trade; Growth; International Relations/Trade; F11; 031; 041.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7461

A Dynamic Count Data Analysis of University Ag-Biotech Patents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Kim,   Kwansoo; Barham,   Bradford L.
This paper examines the factors that account for ag-biotech patenting success among universities using a dynamic count data model. It builds a theoretical and econometric model to capture the inherently dynamic and nonlinear process of technological innovation, wherein a feedback mechanism from previous success partially determines current patent counts. The econometric estimates reveal the importance to ag-biotech patent production of land grant infrastructure, quality faculty, state and institutional funding, patent-oriented technology transfer offices, as well as dynamic feedback effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25230

A dynamic model of oligopoly in the coffee export market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
A linear-quadratic, dynamic feedback oligopoly model that nests various market structures is used to estimate the degree of competitiveness and the adjustment paths of the two largest coffee exporters, Brazil and Colombia. Their estimated behavior is relatively competitive. This subgame perfect dynamic model is-compared to a standard static oligopoly model and the open-loop model (the dynamic generalization of the standard static model). Both classical and Bayesian tests of open-loop and feedback dynamic models are reported.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Dynamic oligopoly; Econometric; Subgame perfect Nash; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6093

A dynamic model of oligopoly in the coffee export market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
A linear-quadratic, dynamic feedback oligopoly model that nests various market structures is used to estimate the degree of competitiveness and the adjustment paths of the two largest coffee exporters, Brazil and Colombia. Their estimated behavior is relatively competitive. This subgame perfect dynamic model is-compared to a standard static oligopoly model and the open-loop model (the dynamic generalization of the standard static model). Both classical and Bayesian tests of open-loop and feedback dynamic models are reported.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export marketing; Mathematical models; International Relations/Trade; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47250

A Dynamic Optimal Crop Rotation Model in Acreage Response
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Ruohong; Bergstrom,   John C.; Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
This paper presents a dynamic crop rotation model that shows how crop yield and price volatility could impact crop mix and acreage response under crop rotation considerations. Specifically, a discrete Markov decision model is utilized to optimize producers’ crop rotation decision within a finite horizon. By maximizing net present value of expected current and future profits, a modified Bellman equation helps develop optimum planting decisions. This model is capable of simulating crop rotations with different lengths and structures. Specifically, the corn-soybeans rotations were simulated using the crop rotation model.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop rotation; Acreage response; Bellman equation; Crop Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103949

A Dynamic Optimisation Model of Weed Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Jones,   Randall E.
It is argued in this paper that static approaches to weed management, where the benefits and costs are only considered within a single season, are inappropriate for assessing the economic benefits of weed control technologies. There are carryover effects from weed management as weeds that escape control in one season may reproduce and replenish weed populations in following seasons. Consequently, it is appropriate to view weed control in the context of a resource management problem where the goal is to determine the optimal inter-temporal level of weed control that maximises economic benefits over some pre-determined period of time. A dynamic optimisation model for weed control is presented. Using the tools of comparative static analysis and Pontryagin's...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Weed control; Resource economics; Optimal control; Dynamic programming; Wild oats; Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12902

A Dynamic Principal-Agent Model of Human-Mediated Aquatic Species Invasions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Rebecca; MacPherson,   Alexander J.; Provencher,   Bill.
This paper presents an integrated ecological and economic model of aquatic plant species invasions in which resource users are the primary vector of species colonization. A random utility model of boater behavior is combined with ecological information about the invader and the landscape to form a dynamic principal-agent model in which the principal is a manager concerned with the interseasonal spread of invasive species across lakes, and agents are recreational boaters making a series of intraseasonal trip decisions to maximize random utility during the course of the season. Agent behavior is sensitive to both the degradation of environmental quality on colonized lakes and the actions taken by resource managers to control the spread of the invasive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12684

A Evoluçao da Economía Rural no Periodo Pos-Guerra: Liçoes duma Missao de Sondeio no Distrito de Monapo na Provincia de Nampula
Provedor de dados: 31
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Rapid appraisal; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56016

A Farm Gate-to-Consumer Value Chain Analysis of Kenya’s Maize Marketing System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirimi,   Lilian; Sitko,   Nicholas J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Karin,   Francis; Muyanga,   Milu; Sheahan,   Megan; Flock,   James; Bor,   Gilbert.
Based on the findings of this study, the following actions are proposed for consideration by the Government of Kenya: 1. Raise public investment in maize seed breeding and agronomic research to make it possible for improvements in smallholder crop productivity. Based on research evaluating the returns to alternative investments in agriculture, public expenditures in maize seed breeding and agronomy may constitute the single most important investment to promote broad-based productivity growth and poverty reduction in Kenya. 2. Explore options for improving public and private extension programs to enable farmers to adopt improved farm technologies generated from point 1. 3. Examine options for bringing more land in Kenya under potential cultivation by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kenya; Maize; Marketing; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101172

A FARMER SURVEY AND VILLAGE COMPARISON TO EVALUATE IRRIGATION IMPROVEMENT IN SAMBALPUR, INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13279

A Feasibility Analysis of a Fruit and Vegetable Dehydration Plant in Kansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erickson,   Donald B.; Hsu,   Jane Lu.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118173

A Five-Year Summary of Farm Business Records, Southern Minnesota, 1967-1971
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Otis,   Janet B.; Hasbargen,   Paul R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8469

A Flexible Inventory Model for MSW Recycling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Louis,   Garrick; Shih,   Jhih-Shyang.
Most of the United States have laws mandating the recycling of municipal solid waste (MSW). In order to comply, municipalities recycle quotas of materials, without regard to fluctuating prices. An inventory system is proposed that allows municipalities to be sensitive to materials prices as they recycle in accordance with state mandates. A dynamic model is developed; it uses historical secondary material prices as exogenous inputs to minimize the net present value of MSW recycling system cost. The model provides a cost-effective method for municipalities to achieve their MSW recycling targets. The savings is approximately $1.43 per ton of MSW generated based on total MSW management costs of $13.5 per ton. The model also allows one to investigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Municipal solid waste; Recycling; Inventory; Optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10459

A Flexible Multistage Demand System Based on Indirect Separability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
The notion of indirect separability is exploited to derive a new multistage demand system. The model allows a consistent parameterization of demand relations at various budgeting stages and it fulfills the requirement of flexibility while satisfying separability globally. Two propositions are derived to characterize flexible and separable functional forms, which lead to the specification of a flexible and separable translog (FAST) demand system. The model is particularly attractive for modeling large complete demand systems, and is illustrated with an application to Canadian food demand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D11; D12; C51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18514

A FLEXIBLE PARAMETRIC GARCH MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO EXCHANGE RATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Kai-Li; Fawson,   Christopher B.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; McDonald,   James B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28355

A Food Demand System Based on Demand for Characteristics: If There is " Curvature" in the Slutsky Matrix, What Do the Curves Look Like and Why?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouis,   Howarth E.
A food demand system is proposed, based on demand for energy, variety, and tastes of foods. By specifying utility as an explicit function of these characteristics, the entire matrix of demand elasticities can be derived for n foods and one nonfood from prior specification of just four elasticities, while avoiding any assumption of separability between foods. This framework can explain why poorest groups often are most price-responsive, but also can account for highest price-responsiveness by middle income groups. The system is applied to published food consumption data for urban and rural populations in Pakistan. Elasticities are compared with those obtained in a published Pakistan study applying an almost ideal demand system (AIDS).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42667

A FORWARD LOOK AT TECHNOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   John H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1957
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17811

A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE RESTRUCTURING STRATEGIES EMPWYED BY LARGE FOOD MANUFACTURERS IN THE 1980s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   John Y.; Caswell,   Julie A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116101

A framework for analyzing socioeconomic, health and environmental impacts of wastewater use in agriculture in developing countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Intizar; Raschid,   Liqa; Hanjra,   Munir A.; Marikar,   Fuard; van der Hoek,   Wim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste water management; Environmental degradation; Waterborne diseases; Water quality; Irrigation practices; Aquaculture; Economic analysis; Social aspects; Health; Environmental aspects; Agriculture; Developing countries; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92775

A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekala,   Gayathri Devi; Davidson,   Brian; Samad,   Madar; Boland,   Anne-Maree.
Use of un-treated/partially treated wastewater for irrigation in the dry countries of Asia and Africa and recycling of treated wastewater in the water scarce developed countries has become a common practice due to various reasons. While the lack of wastewater treatment to appropriate levels before use is a major problem in developing countries, the high cost of wastewater recycling is the major problem in developed countries. The current paper is part of a doctoral research and presents the conceptual framework for the research and the methodology that can be used to tackle the problems associated with wastewater recycling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water reuse; Wastewater; Recycling; Pricing; Water allocation; Cost benefit analysis; Wastewater irrigation; Developing countries; Developed countries; Case studies; India; Australia; Hyderabad; Melbourne; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46387

A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CLASSIFIED PRICING OF MILK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buxton,   Boyd M.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of increasing, decreasing, or having no-minimum Class I differentials on regional fluid milk consumption, milk production, prices received by farmers, and the U.S. manufacturing milk price.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13884

A framework for institutional analysis for water resources management in a river basin context.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandaragoda,   Don Jayatissa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional development; Organizational change; Water resource management; River basins; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92780

A Framework for the Economic Analysis of Ditch System Management Alternatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adachi,   Kenji; Apland,   Jeffrey; Taff,   Steven J.; Sands,   Gary.
Replaced with revised version of paper 05/10/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14174

A Functional Classification of Agricultural Trade Centers in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Voelker,   Stanley W.; Helgeson,   Delmer L.; Vreugdenhil,   Harvey G.
The results from this study represent a pilot effort to develop a functional agricultural trade center classification for North Dakota using retail and professional service functions at each center. Any given center could advance to a higher class in the hierarchy or decline to a lower position as a result of changing conditions in the future.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23358

A further step into the ELGH and TLGH for Spain and Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cortes-Jimenez,   Isabel; Pulina,   Manuela.
Nowadays many developing countries focus on economic policies for promoting international tourism and exports expansion as a potential source of economic growth of the country. However, the understanding of the relationship between exports and economic growth is still ongoing. When treating the relationship between tourism and economic growth, considering tourism as a non-traditional export few studies have been published to date. This paper has the objective to assess if exports and tourism have really promoted growth by means of the export-led growth hypothesis (ELGH) and the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH). The cases under analysis are Spain and Italy, two of the most important countries worldwide regarding the expansion of tourism. Cointegration...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12137

A Future for the Dead Sea Basin: Water Culture among Israelis, Palestinians and Jordanians
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lipchin,   Clive.
The Dead Sea basin plays a major role for regional economic development (industry, tourism and agriculture) in the Middle East. This potential is threatened by the steady disappearance of the Dead Sea. Since around 1930 the water level of the Dead Sea has fallen by about 25 m, about half of this alone in the last 20 years. The Dead Sea is a transboundary resource shared by Israel, the Palestinian Authority and Jordan. The Dead Sea is the terminal point of the Jordan River watershed and as such, it serves as a barometer for the health of the overall system. Its rapid decline reflects the present water management strategies of the riparian and upstream countries. This includes the different water cultures of the three countries.  Throughout history, the Dead...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12135

A GENDERED 1993-94 SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX FOR BANGLADESH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fontana,   Marzia; Wobst,   Peter.
This working paper documents the construction of a 1993-94 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Bangladesh. 1 The SAM distinguishes 10 agricultural sectors—including two different kinds of rice technology—and 19 manufacturing sectors, out of 43 sectors in total. It also differentiates between twelve socio-economic groups, allowing detailed analysis of household welfare and poverty. The SAM has ten factors of production: one type of capital, one type of land and eight different types of labor which are disaggregated by both level of education and gender. The innovative feature of the SAM is that it separates out female and male labor value-added for each educational level and in each sector of the economy, providing a base for gender-sensitive analyses of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16285

A General Conceptual Approach to Modeling the Livestock Sector: Application to the Japanese Swine-Pork Sector Model with Analysis of the "No Gate Price Policy Scenario"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
This study develops a generic conceptual approach to modeling the livestock sector that provides better coverage of variables to ensure the consistency in the underlying biologics of the model and also provides consistent rules of specification. This approach is applied to modeling the swine-pork sector of Japan and then used to analyze the impact of removing Japan's gate price policy and variable levy for pork imports. The new approach departs significantly from existing models. For consistency in the biologics of the model both live animals and meat components of the sector are fully covered.  The structure clearly differentiates stock and flow variables and investment and production decisions. A standard rule of specification is established that only...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock sector; Partial equilibrium model; Gate price policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18655

A general equilibrium analysis of alternative scenarios for food subsidy reform in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans; El-Said,   Moataz.
"September 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-29). Published as Lofgren, H. and M. El-Said. 2001. Food subsidies in Egypt: reform options, distribution and welfare. Food Policy 26: 65-83.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food policies; Subsidies--Egypt; Equilibrium (Economics)--Models; Consumption (Economics); Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97528

A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTIVE GROUND AND SURFACE WATER USE WITH AN APPLICATION TO MOROCCO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Dinar,   Ariel; Roe,   Terry L.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Groundwater resources (GW) account for nearly 30 percent of the world sustainable water supplies. Yet, this resource, which is fraught with externalities, has largely been left unregulated. The economic literature on GW is predominantly of a partial equilibrium type, taking the rest of the economy parametrically. We analyze GW regulation in a general equilibrium setting, focusing on the stabilization value of GW under natural (draught) and economic (rural-urban water transfer) shocks. A general equilibrium approach allows evaluating direct and indirect effects of GW regulation on agriculture and non-agriculture sectors and extends the scope for water policy. The analysis is applied to Morocco by extending an existing computable general equilibrium (CGE)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7143

A General Equilibrium Analysis of the Impact of Inward FDI on Ghana: The Role of Complementary Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arbenser,   Lawrence.
The need for external capital (FDI) inflow to finance the current account deficit of developing countries cannot be over-emphasized.  Foreign direct investment takes predominance over other types of capital inflow into developing countries.  How would an increase in FDI and a reduction in import tariff levels in isolation affect household welfare and other macroeconomic indicators?  How would the concurrent application of the two enhance the expected impact?  This paper explores the above questions by using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for Ghana, implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) to carry out specific counterfactual simulations.  This paper concludes that the primary benefit of an increase in FDI inflow for a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: FDI; Import tariff; CGE; Ghana; GAMS; Household welfare trade deficit; Exchange rate; Import; Export; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18829

A GENERAL WELFARE DECOMPOSITION FOR CGE MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanslow,   Kevin.
Huff and Hertel (2001) derive a welfare decomposition for the equivalent variation in the GTAP model. The derivation appears to be very specific to GTAP. Nevertheless, it contains nearly all the ingredients required for performing welfare decomposition for any CGE model.   In this paper, the approach of Huff and Hertel (2001) is generalised to derive a welfare decomposition that can be applied to most, if not all, CGE models. General production and utility functions are accommodated, as are foreign income flows.  A brief guide to coding the proposed welfare decomposition in GEMPACK is also provided. The decomposition is applied to decomposing the equivalent variation in GTAP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28724

A GENERALIZED DISTANCE FUNCTION AND THE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Cox,   Thomas L.
A generalization of Shephard's distance functions is proposed, extending the usefulness of distance functions in economic analysis. Applications to efficiency measurements and productivity analysis are presented. New indexes of productivity, and technical, allocative and scale efficiency are proposed and analyzed. Interpretation of these indexes in terms of ray-average cost, ray-average revenue, and cost-to-revenue ratio is discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12601

A Geographic Profile of Canadian Livestock, 1991-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beaulieu,   Martin S.; Bedard,   Frederic.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28017

A GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE REFORM IN WTO MEMBER COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Somwaru,   Agapi; Roe,   Terry L.
The effect on production, trade and well-being from the granting of market access, removing export subsidies, and eliminating trade-distorting forms of direct support to farmers in WTO member countries is analyzed from a world-wide general equilibrium perspective using the most recently available data. The results suggest that removing trade barriers, subsidies and support will cause aggregate world prices of agricultural commodities to rise by over 11 percent relative to an index of all other prices.  Agricultural support and protection in the developed countries is found to be the major cause of low agricultural prices, and implicitly, a tax on net agricultural exporters in developing countries. Livestock product prices are likely to increase the most...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12984

A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT ORGANIZATION (GEO) AND THE WORLD TRADING SYSTEM: PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This paper traces the evolution of the debate over a GEO, and analyzes its problems and opportunities in the world trading system. It first considers the genesis of proposals for a GEO, and provides a short historical account. Second, it offers one view of what a GEO might entail. The next two sections offer a brief summary of some of the main arguments for and against such a body. The fifth section discusses issues of implementation, and the relationship between a GEO and existing institutions with environmental or trade responsibilities, such as UNEP and the WTO. It also considers whether a GEO should be built up incrementally, or whether a 'grand stroke' would be more effective in establishing it. The sixth section takes up three related issues: the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14448

A Global Game with Strategic Substitutes and Complements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Lee,   In Ho; Mason,   Robin.
We study a global game in which actions are strategic complements over some region and strategic substitutes over another region. An agent’s payoff depends on a market fundamental and the actions of other agents. If the degree of congestion is sufficiently large, agents’ strategies are non-monotonic in their signal about the market fundamental. In this case, a signal that makes them believe that the market fundamental is more favorable for an action may make them less likely to take the action, because of the risk of overcrowding.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global games; Congestion; Coordination problem; International Relations/Trade; C79; D84.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25014

A Global Land Use and Biomass Approach to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fossil Fuel Use and to Preserve Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Riedacker,   Arthur.
As average growth consumptions per capita and world population will continue to grow, the promotion of sustainable developments during the next half a century implies to take into account environmental aspects, local potentialities and futures changes in population as well climatic, economic and social factors. At the global level, land and fossil fuel availability per capita, capacity of absorption of greenhouse gas emissions are considered the most important environmental factors. Whereas at local levels are to be considered preservation or improvement of soil fertility, of water regimes, of quality of air, soil and water. Biodiversity must be taken into account at both levels to cope also with climate change. But as underlined by IPCC lead authors, up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse Gas Emission; Fossil Fuel; Biodiversity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9551

A Global Map of Costal Recreation Values: Results From a Spatially Explicit Based Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The welfare dimension of the recreational services provided by global coastal ecosystems is examined through a meta-analytical regression-based valuation approach.  First, we construct a global, state-of-the-art database of stated and revealed preference estimates on coastal recreation, which includes also the grey literature and with the latest entry updated to February 2010. Second, the profile of each of the 253 observations of our dataset, which correspond to individual value estimates, was further enriched with characteristics of the built coastal environment (site accessibility, anthropogenic pressure, level of human development), characteristics of the natural coastal environment (presence of protected area, type of ecosystem,  and marine...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Built Coastal Environment; Natural Coastal Environment; Ecosystem Service Valuation; Geographic Information Systems; Mapping Ecosystem Values; Marine Biodiversity; Scaling up; Spatial Analysis; Spatial Economic Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; C53; Q26; Q57; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108205

A graphical analysis of the functioning of tariff rate quotas: market access and welfare effects for exporting countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laroche Dupraz,   Catherine; Matthews,   Alan.
This paper analyses the economics of tariff rate quotas assuming a large importing country and several different suppliers with differing levels of competitiveness. Eleven theoretical situations are distinguished according to the way the quota is allocated to exporters, the level of constraint imposed by the quota and the relative competitiveness of export suppliers. A graphical analysis is developed and the effects of tariff rate quotas on market access and welfare gains for exporters are discussed in the eleven cases.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tariff rate quotas; Quota rents; Market access; International Relations/Trade; F1.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7210

A GRAPHICAL EXPOSITION OF THE GTAP MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brockmeier,   Martina.
This paper offers a graphical exposition of the GTAP model of global trade. Particular emphasis is placed on the accounting, or equilibrium, relationships in the model. It begins with a treatment of the a one region version of GTAP, thereafter adding a rest of world region to highlight the treatment of trade flows in the model. The implementation of policy instruments in GTAP is also explored, using simple supply-demand graphics.   The material provided in this paper was first developed as an introduction to GTAP for participants taking the annual short course. Based on its success in that venue, this paper has been placed on the "highly recommended" reading list for individuals seeking an introduction and overview of the GTAP framework. This paper offers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28706

A Gravity Approach to Assess the Effects of Association Agreements on Euromediterranean Trade of Fruits and Vegetables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Selva,   Maria Luisa Marti; Garcia Alvarez-Coque,   Jose-Maria.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18874

A GUIDE TO SWINE MARKETING CONTRACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buhr,   Brian L.; Kunkel,   Phillip L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13358

A HEDONIC APPROACH TO URBAN WETLAND VALUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lupi,   Frank; Graham-Tomasi,   Theodore; Taff,   Steven J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13284

A HEDONIC PRICE STUDY OF PESTICIDES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antonovitz,   Frances; Liu,   Donald J.
This study estimates a hedonic price equation to assess consumers' willingness-to-pay for reduction in pesticide residues in fifteen fruits and vegetables.  A unique feature of the study is its employment of the FDA's Total Diet Study  data which attempts to measure actual pesticide ingestion by the American public in table-ready or prepared foods.  The results indicate that consumers would be willing to pay approximately $.08 per pound to reduce pesticeds by one part per million in the prepared fruits and vegetables that they consume.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14389

A Herculean Task? Economics, Politics, and Realigning Government in the Case of U.S. Polar-Orbiting Weather Satellites
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
In 1994 one of the most radical institutional restructurings in the U.S. government's provision of critical weather information took place after eight unsuccessful attempts. A presidential decision directive merged weather data collection by satellites operated by the Department of Defense for military operations and satellites operated by the Department of Commerce for civilian weather forecasting. Such radical restructuring involving government agencies with different objectives, economic constraints, and operating cultures is rare. This paper reviews the decision that led to "convergence," discusses economic arguments advanced for the merger, and finds that the problem of an incomplete contract, from the perspective of contract theory, is the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Weather economics; Space economics; Value of information; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; O32; Q00.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10539

A HEURISTIC FIXED-CHARGE QUADRATIC ALGORITHM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13466

A History of Violence: Testing the ‘Culture of Honor’ in the US South
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grosjean,   Pauline.
Using historical data on early settlers to the United States, this paper tests and confirms the “Culture of Honor” hypothesis by socio-psychologists Dov Cohen and Richard Nisbett (1994, 1996). This hypothesis argues that the high prevalence of homicides in the US South stems from the fact that it was a frontier region settled by people whose economy was based on herding: the Scotch-Irish. Herding societies develop cultures of honors for reasons having to do with their precariousness: violence is a necessary condition to preserve a reputation for toughness and deter animal theft. Using historical census data on waves of settlers from Europe and relating contemporaneous violence to early Scotch-Irish settlers, this paper provides a test of the link between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Culture of honor; US South; Labor and Human Capital; K4; Z; Z13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90902

A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY BASED ON PLURALISTIC STEWARDSHIP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Grizzle,   Raymond E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28367

A Household Level Analysis of Food Expenditure Patterns in Urban China: 1995-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aguero,   Jorge M.; Gould,   Brian W.
With China's admission into the WTO, there is the potential for dramatic increases in U.S. agricultural exports to China. As China's economy continues to develop, there is general consensus that there will be an associated change in the population's diet. Currently, dairy products account for a small proportion of total food consumed, but that has been increasing in importance over the last two decades. As Chinese markets become more open to U.S. food products, it is important that U.S. manufacturers and traders obtain a better understanding of the determinants of food expenditures in China. This paper addresses the question of how changes in household income may impact food demand in general and dairy products in particular.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China's Food Consumption; Chinese Markets; Chinese Household Income; World Trade Organization; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37598

A Hybrid Approach to the Valuation of Climate Change Effects on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from the European Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Silvestri,   Silvia; Chiabai,   Aline; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
In this paper we present a systematic attempt to assess economic value of climate change impact on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we anchor the valuation exercise in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Approach and therefore the link between the different forest ecosystem goods and services, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services, human well-being and climate change. Second, climate change is operationalized by exploring the different storylines developed by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and applied, downscaled, for each of the European countries under...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wood Products; Biodiversity; Climate Change; Market and Non-market Valuation Methods; Ecosystem Goods and Services; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61373

A Laboratory Investigation of Compliance Behavior under Tradable Emissions Rights: Implications for Targeted Enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper uses laboratory experiments to test the theoretical observations that both the violations of competitive risk-neutral firms and the marginal effectiveness of increased enforcement across firms are independent of differences in their abatement costs and their initial allocations of permits. This conclusion has important implications for enforcing emissions trading programs because it suggests that regulators have no justification for targeting their enforcement effort based on firm-level characteristics. Consistent with the theory, we find that subjects' violations were independent of parametric differences in their abatement costs. However, those subjects that were predicted to buy permits tended to have higher violation levels than those who...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14513

A Larger Slice or a Larger Pie? An Empirical Investigation of Bargaining Power in the Distribution Channel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Draganska,   Michaela; Klapper,   Daniel; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
This research aims to provide insights into the determinants of channel profitability and the relative power in the channel by considering consumer demand and the interactions between manufacturers and retailers in an equilibrium model. In a departure from the standard empirical channel literature, which assumes that manufacturers set wholesale prices unilaterally, we explicitly model the negotiations between manufacturers and retailers. To this end, we formulate a Nash bargaining game to determine wholesale prices and thus how margins are split in the channel. Equilibrium margins are thus a function of demand primitives and of retailer and manufacturer bargaining power. Bargaining power is itself a function of exogenous retail and manufacturer...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6054

A LESSON PLAN FOR TEACHING ACCOUNTING FOR THE HOME USING QUICKEN 8.0
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bond,   Larry K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28348

A Market Experiment on Trade Promotion Budget and Allocation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Miguel I.; Rao,   Vithala R.; Yuan,   Hong.
We design a market experiment to examine how firm size and ability to choose trade promotion types influence trade promotion budget, its allocation and channel profits. Our experimental results show that larger manufacturers offer smaller trade promotion budgets. Manufacturers with ability to influence the allocation decision favor scan-backs while retailers favor off-invoices. Trade promotion decisions affect profit sharing within the channel but not total channel profit. We validate these findings with an econometric analysis of survey data from supermarket executives. Overall, our results suggest that market experiments can shed light on trade promotion outcomes for which industry data are sparse.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade promotion; Market experiments; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55928

A MARKET OPPORTUNITY STUDY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SPORT HORSE SERVICE AT THE MSU VETERINARY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Larsen,   Eric R.; Lloyd,   James W.
The potential need for several new services within the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) is unknown.  However, based on focus groups and practitioner surveys conducted over the last several years, potential new services were identified: overnight emergency, behavior medicine, equine sports medicine, dentistry, oncology and exotic animal medicine.   Michigan State University's College of Veterinary Medicine (MSU-CVM) has recently expanded its equine research, diagnostic and therapy capabilities with the addition of the new Mary Anne McPhail Equine Performance Center.  As a result of this expansion, a study was conducted to determine whether the VTH should also broaden its clinical offerings with a new complement of services targeted specifically toward...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11752

A Market-Oriented Approach for Multiple Objective Optimization in Agro-Ecological Land Use Planning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agrell,   Per J.
The development of a third world country requires a conscious balance between different planning and policy issues, such as population growth rate, gross national income, self reliance and long-term sustainable ecological development.  This paper reports on a cross-disciplinary project to design a decision support system (DSS) that aims to assist government policy makers in planning the regional agricultural development of the Bungoma region in Kenya.  Contrary to previous research, which has taken the perspective of a central planner and a static market, this model extends the scope by introducing the market mechanisms and price subsidies.  The model is based on the Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) model, a previously developed non-interactive optimization...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Decision analysis; Multicriteria decision making; Integrated land-use planning and management; Decision support systems; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24178

A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR DEVELOPING ETHNO-BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE TROPICAL FORESTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brazee,   Richard J.; Southgate,   Douglas.
This paper presents a dynamic optimal control model describing the benefits and costs associated with the development of tropical forests rich in plant and animal species and folk knowledge.  The model is a framework to assess how various market and institutional incentives might influence both deforestation and the collection of "ethno-biological information."
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11895

A Meaningful U.S. Cap-and-Trade System to Address Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Carbon Dioxide; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Climate Change; Carbon Taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q280; Q380; Q480; Q580.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44469

A MEASURE OF THE VALUE OF INFORMATION FOR THE COMPETITIVE FIRM UNDER PRICE UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antonovitz,   Frances; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper addresses the problem of measuring the value of information to an agent in an environment where the agent is risk averse and choices are base on the utility of income and personal beliefs about the likelihood of uncertain outcomes
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13702

A Measure to Compare Matchings in Marriage Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biermann,   Florian M.
In matching markets the number of blocking pairs is often used as a criterion to compare matchings. We argue that this criterion is lacking an economic interpretation: In many circumstances it will neither reflect the expected extent of partner changes, nor will it capture the satisfaction of the players with the matching. As an alternative, we set up two principles which single out a particularly “disruptive” subcollection of blocking pairs. We propose to take the cardinality of that subset as a measure to compare matchings. This cardinality has an economic interpretation: the subset is a justified objection against the given matching according to a bargaining set characterization of the set of stable matchings. We prove multiple properties relevant for a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stable Marriage Problem; Matching; Blocking Pair; Instability; Matching  Comparison; Decentralized Market; Bargaining Set; Environmental Economics and Policy; C0.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108250

A MERGE Model with Endogenous Technological Change and the Cost of Carbon Stabilization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kypreos,   Socrates.
Two stylized backstop systems with endogenous technological learning formulations (ETL) are introduced in MERGE: one for the electric and the other for the non-electric markets. Then the model is applied to analyze the impacts of ETL on carbon-mitigation policy, contrasting the resulting impacts with the situation without learning. As the model considers endogenous technological change in the energy sector only some exogenous key parameters defining the production function are varied together with the assumed learning rates to check the robustness of our results. Based on model estimations and the sensitivity analyses we conclude that increased commitments for the development of new technologies to advance along their learning curves has a potential for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12083

A META-ANALYSIS OF HYPOTHETICAL BIAS IN STATED PREFERENCE VALUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Allen,   P. Geoffrey; Stevens,   Thomas H.; Weatherhead,   Darryl.
Individuals are widely believed to overstate their economic valuation of a good by a factor of two or three.  This paper reports the results of a meta-analysis of hypothetical bias in 28 stated preference valuation studies that report monetary willingness-to-pay and that used the same mechanism for eliciting both hypothetical and actual values.  The papers generated 83 observations with a median value of the ratio of hypothetical to actual value of 1.35, and the distribution has severe positive skewness.  Since a comprehensive theory of hypothetical bias has not been developed, we use a set of explanatory variables based on issues that have been investigated in previous research.  We find that a choice-based elicitation mechanism is important in reducing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14518

A Metafrontier Analysis of Technical Efficiency of Selected European Agricultures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar.
Technical efficiency refers to the situation where it is impossible for a firm to produce, with the given know-how, (1) a larger output from the same inputs or (2) the same output with less of one or more inputs without increasing the amount of other inputs. In practice, the interest is on the relative position in terms of efficiency of a particular firm with respect to others. Therefore, technical efficiency is characterised by the relationship between observed production and some ideal or potential production (Greene, 1993). Although the beginning of the efficiency work can be traced to the 1950s (Farrell, 1957), there have been a growing interest on its use in benchmarking performance, predominantly as a means of identifying best practice and improving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109412

A Methodology for Assessing National Sustainable Development Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cherp,   Aleg; George,   Clive; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
At the Rio Earth Summit of 1992, governments undertook to develop and adopt national sustainable development strategies as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Only partial progress was reported at the 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg, with uncertainty as to the effectiveness of those strategies that had been introduced. This paper describes a methodology for assessing a country's progress in implementing a national sustainable development strategy for (NSDS) and for identifying potential areas for improvement. Five key principles of sustainable development and strategic planning are identified, and a set of assessment criteria are proposed for each principle. The results of applying the methodology in two Eastern European countries,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Strategic planning; National sustainable development strategies; Transition countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30577

A Methodology for Assessing the Effectiveness of National Sustainable Development Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: George,   Clive; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
At the Rio Earth Summit of 1992, governments undertook to develop and adopt national sustainable development strategies, as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Only partial progress was reported at the 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg, with uncertainty in the effectiveness of those strategies which had been introduced. This paper describes a methodology for assessing the extent to which a country may be considered to have implemented an effective sustainable development strategy, with the prime aim of identifying weaknesses that need to be addressed. The methodology concentrates on evaluating those strategic planning processes that are operational in a country, taking into account any existing overall strategy document related to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30582

A Methodology for Estimating Household Income in Rural Mozambique Using Easy-to-Collect Variables
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tschirley,   David L.; Rose,   Donald; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Household income; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56037

A METHODOLOGY FOR VALUING MULTIPLE-EXERCISE OPTION CONTRACTS FOR WATER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Villinski,   Michele T.
In this paper I use financial derivative pricing theory as a foundation for a computational approach to valuing multiple-exercise option contracts in a natural resources setting.  Evidence from the western United States shows that option contracts for water can be even more exotic than many exotic options considered in finance.  For instance, one contract negotiated between a municipal water authority and a large agricultural operation allows the municipality to exercise a call option on water up to seven times in a fifteen-year period. This is a highly non-standard option; there is no simple pricing formula to calculate its value.  Building on the Black-Scholes option-pricing framework I use dynamic programming techniques to construct a method for valuing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14379

A MICROECONOMIC APPROACH TO INDUCED INNOVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binswanger,   Hans P.
Invention possibilities are reformulated using research processes which have a cost and different implications for rates and biases of technical change.  In the comparative static model a firm has the choice to build a plant of existing design or to improve it by research.  The firm maximizes present value over the lifetime of the plant.  Research costs and present value of capital and labor costs influence research mix and rate and bias to technical change.  Controversies in the literature of induced innovation are discussed in terms of the model.  A rise in labor costs does not necessarily lead to a more labor saving bias.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14152

A Minimum Power Divergence Class of CDFs and Estimators for Binary Choice Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.; Judge,   George G.
The Cressie-Read (CR) family of power divergence measures is used to identify a new class of statistical models and estimators for competing explanations of the data in binary choice models. A large flexible class of cumulative distribution functions and associated probability density functions emerge that subsumes the conventional logit model, and forms the basis for a large set of estimation alternatives to traditional logit and probit methods. Asymptotic properties of estimators are identified, and sampling experiments are used to provide a basis for gauging the finite sample performance of the estimators in this new class of statistical models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Binary choice models and estimators; Conditional moment equations; Squared error loss; Cressie-Read statistic; Information theoretic methods; Minimum power divergence; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37759

A MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN EVALUATING ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION PROBLEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Islam,   Zahirul; Turvey,   Calum G.; Hoy,   Michael.
The main motivation for this paper is the recognition of the fact that asymmetric information is the form of moral hazard and adverse selection results in sizeable efficiency losses.  These costs are passed back to producers in the form of excessively high premium rates and also passed back to the government via the crop insurance subsidy program.  A secondary motivation stems from a recent debate in the literature regarding the specific effects of moral hazard on agricultural input use.  Conventional wisdom suggests that moral hazard will induce producers to reduce input usage.  A competing hypothesis has emerged which suggests that moral hazard may induce producers to increase their usage or risk increasing inputs. The main objective of this paper was to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34103

A MODEL OF GRAIN STORAGE AND HEDGING BY FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hildreth,   Clifford.
The model analyzed represents circumstances as faced by a grain farmer when his harvest is known and he is making storage and hedging decisions. The scope of the analysis is limited in several respects. A one-period model is employed; only a limited number of options are recognized; and interrelations between the grain enterprise and other economic activities of the decision maker are neglected.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14083

A MODEL OF HOUSEHOLD TYPE SPECIFIC FOOD DEMAND BEHAVIOUR IN HUNGARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brosig,   Stephan.
The paper describes a two stage model of Hungarian households'’ food demand. Demand for the food aggregate is represented by a Working-Leser type single equation model while demand for seven distinct food types is modelled in a complete demand system using the LA/AIDS functional form. Estimation is based on household budget survey data for 1996. Demand elasticities are estimated for average households as well as for specific groups defined by sociodemographic characteristics. Fruit and vegetables are found to be the food types with most elastic demand but in general, differences between elasticities for different products as well as between different sociodemographic groups are relatively small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Demand modelling; Hungary; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; C31; C51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14864

A MODEL OF INFORMATION AND I.T. ADOPTION IN FOOD SUPPLY CHAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohtadi,   Hamid; Kinsey,   Jean D.
Evidence from the Food Supply chain suggests that food retailers often exhibit a reluctance to share information with their suppliers even when this benefits both parties. For example, inventory coordination and reduced costs may be realized by adopting appropriate supply chain management technologies such as cooperative planning, forecasting, and replenishment. This behavior is explained by viewing information as a strategic asset and modeling information exchange and the corresponding adoption of information technologies and analysis as a strategic game, i.e., an economic model where food retailers and their suppliers operate with uncertainty.  The game is based on stylized facts from the food industry. Some key results from the game model are: (a) under...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Information technology; Supply chain; IT strategy; Food industry; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14299

A MODEL OF OPTIMAL PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN U.S. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fox,   Glenn.
This paper examines three claims of inefficient allocation of public expenditure in publicly funded agricultural research in the United States.  It has been argued by analysts of research policy that: 1. The overall level of public investment in agricultural research is less than what would be socially optimal. 2. The present composition of public research investment is excessively myopic in that too little basic research is performed relative to the level of applied research. 3. The allocation of research resources among commodities is inconsistent with economic efficiency. A nonlinear optimal growth model of the U.S. economy was employed to test these propositions.  Strong support was found for the claim that the overall level of investment has been...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13360

A MODEL OF POTENTIALLY IMMISERIZING UNILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14037

A Model of Producer Incentives for Livestock Disease Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranjan,   Ram; Lubowski,   Ruben N.
We examine the management of livestock diseases from the producers' perspective, incorporating information and incentive asymmetries between producers and regulators. Using a dynamic model, we examine responses to different policy options including indemnity payments, subsidies to report at-risk animals, monitoring, and regulatory approaches to decreasing infection risks when perverse incentives and multiple policies interact. This conceptual analysis illustrates the importance of designing efficient combinations of regulatory and incentive-based policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock disease; Asymmetric information; Reporting; Indemnities; Risk management; Livestock Production/Industries; C61; D82; Q12; Q18; Q28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15653

A Model of the Intra/Interstate Impacts of State Product Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115902

A MODEL OF YIELD VARIABILITY AND PRICE EFFECT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hildreth,   Clifford; Kislev,   Yoav.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13755

A Modelling Framework for Addressing the Synergies between Global Conventions through Land Use Changes: Carbon Sequestration, Biodiversity Conservation, Prevention of Land Degradation and Food Security in Agricultural and Forested Lands in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ponce-Hernandez,   Raul.
This paper proposed a methodological framework for the assessment of carbon stocks and the development and identification of land use, land use change and land management scenarios, whereby enhancing carbon sequestration synergistically increases biodiversity, the prevention of land degradation and food security through the increases in crop yields. The framework integrates satellite image interpretation, computer modelling tools (i.e. software customization of off-the-shelf soil organic matter turnover simulation models) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The framework addresses directly and indirectly the cross-cutting ecological concerns foci of major global conventions: climate change, biodiversity, the combat of desertification and food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9318

A modern view of Joseph's policy: food stocks as financial assets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adelman,   Irma; Berck,   Peter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food consumption; Mathematical models; Price stabilization; Prices; Risk; Supply and demand.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43666

A Modified Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sustainable Development Assessment Using Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Martini,   Chiara.
Sustainable development is a concept strictly connected with basic needs of the individuals. During the last years a number of empirical studies have tried to discover and quantify the causal relations between economic growth and environmental consumption and degradation. The most widely used empirical model is the so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), nowadays applied to different polluting elements. Despite the huge diffusion of EKC studies, this model has been criticised for incompleteness of a sustainable development analysis. The aim of this paper is to build a Modified EKC (MEKC) in order to consider a wider concept of development rather than pure economic growth, including well-being aspects and sustainability of the development process....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12059

A Modified, Implicit, Directly Additive Demand System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cranfield,   John A.L.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
A recently developed demand system, nicknamed AIDADS, offers a more general approach to capturing consumption preferences.  AIDADS generalizes the LES by assuming marginal budget shares vary indirectly with expenditure.  AIDADS is limited by the fact that the subsistence parameters are constant across expenditure.  We modify AIDADS by replacing the constant subsistence parameters with a function which varies with utility, and hence expenditure.  The modified AIDADS (MAIDADS) allows subsistence levels to vary with expenditure.  This model is applied to the 1996 International Consumption Project data.  As these data span a wide range of expenditure levels, MAIDADS offers a viable alternative when estimating "global demand systems." Results suggest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34145

A "Module" Approach to the Integration of Computer Applications Throughout the Agribusiness Curriculum
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stroade,   Jeri L.; Schurle,   Bryan W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117993

A MONTHLY ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER DEMAND IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sexauer,   Benjamin.
This study estimates monthly consumer demand equations for fifteen major commodities based on data for 1947-1972. The equations are estimated within the framework of the Nerlove partial adjustment model. By extrapolating from retail sales data, it was possible to generate the consumer expenditure data needed to combine with published monthly series on income and prices to estimate a series of consumer demand equations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13419

A Multicriteria Approach for the Evaluation of the Sustainability of Re-use of Historic Buildings in Venice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giove,   Silvio; Rosato,   Paolo; Breil,   Margaretha.
The paper presents a multiple criteria model for the evaluation of the sustainability of projects for the economic re-use of historical buildings in Venice. The model utilises the relevant parameters for the appraisal of sustainability, aggregated into three macro-indicators: intrinsic sustainability, context sustainability and economic-financial feasibility. The model has been calibrated by a panel of experts and tested on two reuse hypotheses of the Old Arsenal in Venice. The tests have proven the model to be a useful support in the early stages of evaluation of re-use projects, where economic improvements are to be combined with conservation, as it supports the identification of critical points and the selection of projects, thus providing not only a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Reuse; Historical Building Conservation; Public Economics; Z1; R52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46625

A Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework for Food-borne Pathogens
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henson,   Spencer J.; Caswell,   Julie A.; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Fazil,   Aamir; Davidson,   Valerie J.; Anders,   Sven M.; Schmidt,   Claudia.
To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making.  The Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework developed here considers four factors that may be important to risk managers: public health, consumer risk perceptions and acceptance, market-level impacts, and social sensitivity. The framework is based on the systematic organization and analysis of data on these multiple factors....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk analysis; Risk prioritization; Food-borne pathogens; Benefits and costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; L51; Q00; K32; H11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7385

A Multi-level Analysis of Public Spending, Growth and Poverty Reduction in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Al-Riffai,   Perrihan; El-Said,   Moataz; Yu,   Bingxin; Kamaly,   Ahmed.
The overarching objective of this report is to use a multi-level analysis approach to assess the effects of various government spending on growth and poverty reduction and their trade-offs between these two goals and to offer future policy options to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The study involves analyses and simulations at the different levels: household, sector/region as well as macro levels. Different analytical tools are used at the different levels. Analyses at the different levels are initially executed independently, but final synergy is drawn through an integrated macro-micro framework. This new approach has enabled us to gain new knowledge as well as new policy insights. The study confirmed previous studies that universal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42813

A MULTIPLE-METHOD APPROACH TO STUDYING CHILDCARE IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT: THE CASE OF ACCRA, GHANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruel,   Marie T.; Armar-Klemesu,   Margaret; Arimond,   Mary.
This document summarizes findings from the Accra Urban Food and Nutrition Study (AUFNS) about the importance of care as an input to child nutrition and the relative contribution of various maternal and household resources to the provision of care. Findings from the quantitative survey (n = 556) and the in-depth observational study (n = 22) are reviewed and complemented with insights from the participatory rapid appraisals (PRAs) carried out at the onset of the study. Results of each phase of the research have been reported separately; this report aims to integrate findings from all three components. The key findings related to the five main questions addressed by this study are summarized as follows. ! Is care an important input into child nutrition in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16473

A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR MARKET INTEGRATION TESTS: THE CASES OF THE U.S. BROILER INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.; Djunaidi,   Harjanto.
Most studies on price relationships in spatial markets assume that perfect information is a public good.  However, during the last two decades, the food industry in the U.S. has experienced a dramatic structural change, as have the structures of commodity markets; this is especially the case in the broiler industry. Tests for the presence of market integration are conducted within the framework of Neo-classical theory of the firm.  Grower costs and transportation in five southern U.S. broiler states (AL, AR, GA, MS, NC) are considered in deriving necessary conditions before any conclusion on market integration is reached. Using both parametric and nonparametric tests, this study found that all price pairs have a long-run price relationship and markets are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15781

A Neglected Interdependency in Liability Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dharmapala,   Dhammika; Hoffmann,   Sandra A.; Schwartz,   Warren.
The standard economic model of bilateral precaution concludes that (in the absence of uncertainty, misperception, or error) all negligence-based liability rules induce socially optimal behavior by both injurers and victims. This paper generalizes the standard model to consider situations in which one party's precaution affects not only expected accident loss, but also directly affects the other party's effort or cost of taking precaution. If the injurer's care affects the victim's precaution costs (but not vice versa), most of the standard results continue to hold (except for strict liability with a defense of contributory negligence). If the victims precaution affects the injurers costs of care (but not vice versa), only strict liability with a defense of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Law and economics; Tort laws; Risk and Uncertainty; K13; K00.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10626

A Neoclassical View of Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
This paper attempts to provide a balanced view of the neoclassical economists' perspective on trade liberalization, with an emphasis on the agricultural sector. I review the basic arguments in favor of competitive markets in general and free trade in particular. These arguments are based on restrictive assumptions which often fail to hold. Under more realistic assumptions, the arguments in favor of free trade are invalid. Economists remain skeptical of the benefits of trade restrictions, but this is a nuanced judgment, rather than a theoretical certainty. I describe a number of situations where market failures imply that trade restrictions can improve efficiency.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6242

A Net Present Value Model of Natural Gas Exploitation in Northern Alberta: An Analysis of Land Values in Woodland Caribou Ranges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hauer,   Grant; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Jagodzinski,   Robert.
This report was prepared for the purpose of providing background documentation of inputs to be used in mathematical programming models and papers, which are being prepared for our research project: Ecological and economic tradeoff analysis of conservation strategies for woodland caribou. The report presents a simple net present value model of resource and land value for natural gas in northern Alberta. The variables in the model include costs (drilling, seismic, operating and capital); geological variables (stratigraphic intervals, booked reserves, future reserves); drilling variables (well densities, drilling success rates, and drilling depths); production data and prices. Each variable is described in detail and methods of derivation are provided. A map...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net present value; Energy reserves; Natural gas; Caribou; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q49; Q32; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91422

A Network Model of Price Dispersion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pasini,   Giacomo; Pin,   Paolo; Weidenholzer,   Simon.
We analyze a model of price competition a la Bertrand in a network environment. Firms only have a limited information on the structure of network: they know the number of potential customers they can attract and the degree distribution of customers. This incomplete information framework stimulates the use of Bayesian-Nash equilibrium. We find that, if there are customers only linked to one firm, but not all of them are, then an equilibrium in randomized strategies fails to exist. Instead, we find a symmetric equilibrium in randomized strategies. Finally, we test our results on US gasoline data. We find empirical evidence consistent with firms playing random strategies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bertrand Competition; Bayesian- Nash Equilibrium; Mobility Index; Demand and Price Analysis; D43; D85; L11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6230

A NEW ALGORITHM FOR COMPUTING COMPENSATED INCOME FROM ORDINARY DEMAND FUNCTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dumagan,   Jesus C.; Mount,   Timothy D.
This paper proposes a REversible Second-ORder Taylor (RESORT) expansion of the expenditure function to compute compensated income from ordinary demand functions as an alternative to the algorithm proposed by Vartia. These algorithms provide measures of Hicksian welfare changes and Konus-type cost of living indices. RESORT also validates the results by checking the matrix of compensated price effects. obtained through the Slutsky equation, for symmetry and negative semi-definiteness as required by expenditure minimization. In contrast, Vartia's algorithm provides no validation procedure. RESORT is similar to Vartia's algorithm in using price steps. It computes compensated income at each step "forward" from the initial to the terminal prices, and insures...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6855

A NEW APPROACH FOR ASSESSING THE COSTS OF LIVING WITH WILDLIFE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sutton,   William R.; Larson,   Douglas M.; Jarvis,   Lovell S.
The costs of living with wildlife are assessed using Namibian subsistence farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for deterrents to attacks on crops and livestock as a measure of damage costs. A utility-theoretic approach jointly estimates household WTP for deterrent programs in two “currencies,” maize and cash. This has a double payoff. Use of a noncash staple increases respondent comprehension and provides more information about preferences, improving the accuracy of results. The household shadow value of maize is also identified. Significant costs from living with elephants and other types of wildlife are demonstrated. Compensation for farmers may be warranted on equity and efficiency grounds. Uncontrolled domestic cattle generate even higher costs to farmers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11951

A New Approach to Non-CMA/CA Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howatson-Leo,   Linda; Earl,   Louise; Puderer,   Henry; Cunningham,   Ron; Bollman,   Ray D.; Rea,   Willa.
Non-metropolitan areas in Canada are often simply referred as rural Canada, without enough attention paid to their inner differences. The Metropolitan Influence Zones (MIZ) conceptual framework allows us to divide non-metropolitan areas into No Metropolitan Influence Zone (No MIZ), Weak Metropolitan Influence Zone (Weak MIZ), and Moderate Metropolitan Influence Zone (Moderate MIZ), according to the commuting flows to and from metropolitan areas. Analyses on New Brunswick show that the nonmetropolitan population are economically disadvantaged overall compared to metropolitan population. However, there are substantial differences within nonmetropolitan areas. Population in the No Metropolitan Influence Zone do not appear to be the most disadvantaged...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28032

A NEW APPROACH TOWARD FINANCING PUBLIC EDUCATION IN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoyt,   John S., Jr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13686

A New Capital Regulation For Large Financial Institutions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hart,   Oliver; Zingales,   Luigi.
We design a new, implementable capital requirement for large financial institutions (LFIs) that are too big to fail. Our mechanism mimics the operation of margin accounts. To ensure that LFIs do not default on either their deposits or their derivative contracts, we require that they maintain an equity cushion sufficiently great that their own credit default swap price stays below a threshold level, and a cushion of long term bonds sufficiently large that, even if the equity is wiped out, the systemically relevant obligations are safe. If the CDS price goes above the threshold, the LFI regulator forces the LFI to issue equity until the CDS price moves back down. If this does not happen within a predetermined period of time, the regulator intervenes. We show...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Banks; Capital Requirement; Too Big to Fail; Financial Economics; G21; G28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56220

A New General Conceptual Approach to Modeling the Livestock Sector: An Application to the Japanese Swine-Pork Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Qi,   Xiaoting.
Many livestock sector models have limited coverage of relevant variables, and are somewhat ad hoc in their choice of what should be specified as behavioral equations. This study develops a generic conceptual approach to modeling the livestock sector that provides consistent rules of specification and better coverage of variables. This approach is then applied to the swine-pork sector of Japan. The new approach departs significantly from existing models. The structure clearly differentiates stock and flow variables; only flow variables have behavioral specifications and stock variables are accounting identities; flow variables are expressed in rates rather than levels; logistic functions are used in most flow variables to automatically impose...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18631

A NEW GENERATION PEANUT COOPERATIVE IN GEORGIA: A BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hancock,   Samuel J.; Ray,   Todd S.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.; Thomas,   William A.
A survey of Georgia peanut producers revealed that the Southwest corner of Georgia could be targeted for a new generation peanut cooperative (FS 01-07).  The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of this option.  Preliminary results revealed that this might be an economically feasible solution to peanut producers' marketing problems.  The projected discounted benefit-cost ratios ranged from 1.9 to 1.4 over a ten-year period.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16679

A New Institutional Economics Perspective on the Relationship Among Societal Values, Governance Structure and Access to Rural Health Care Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.
According to New Institutional Economics, transactional activities, governance structures, institutions and beliefs and values are related hierarchally. Williamson (2000) formalizes this framework to show that each governing level must be aligned with the adjacent level for transaction costs to be minimized. This framework is applied to the question of balancing costs and access in health care. Transaction costs in providing health care services can be minimized if all hierarchal functions are aligned. Examining the highest level associated with beliefs and values reveals that the beliefs of people might not be fully consistent with the institutions and governance structures expected or advocated in the area of health care, particularly in the context of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rural health care; Cost; Access; Efficiency; New institutional economics; Rights; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7362

A NEW LOOK AT THE TRADE VOLUME EFFECTS OF REAL EXCHANGE RATE RISK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Kai-Li; Barrett,   Christopher B.
This paper takes a new empirical look at the longstanding question of the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade flows by studying the case of Taiwan's exports to the United States from 1989-1998.  In particular, we employ sectoral level, monthly data and a multivariate GARCH-M estimator with corrections for leptokurtic errors that is consistent with the core hypothesis that traders' forward contracting behavior might be affected by exchange rate risk.  We find that real exchange rate risk has insignificant effects in most sectors, although agricultural trade volumes appear highly responsive to real exchange rate volatility.  These results differ significantly from those obtained using more conventional and restrictive modeling...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F1; F3.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14751

A NEW REGIONAL HOUSEHOLD DEMAND SYSTEM FOR GTAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDougall,   Robert.
The GTAP model, versions 4.1 and lower, suffers from some defects in the implementation of the regional household demand system. Most seriously, the upper level of the demand system assumes that each regional household faces a fixed price for utility from private consumption. But with a private consumption demand system of the CDE form, the price of utility from private consumption depends on the level of private consumption expenditure. With no fixed price for utility from private consumption, the familiar Cobb-Douglas demand system does not apply. Accordingly, the upper-level demand equations are in error. Furthermore, utility and equivalent variation are wrongly computed in simulations with non-standard settings for the CDE expansion parameters. Even...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28713

A Noncooperative Model of Collective Decision Making: A Multilateral Bargaining Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.
This paper extends the Stahl-Rubinstein model of bilateral bargaining to incorporate many players and multidimensional issue spaces. A central feature of our framework is that in each round of negotiations, a proposer is selected randomly. Our bargaining model consists of a sequence of finite-horizon games, in which the horizon increases without bound. A solution to our model is a limit of equilibrium outcomes for the finite horizon games. A necessary condition for existence of a deterministic solution is that the limit outcome belongs to the core of the underlying bargaining problem. Solutions, if they exist, are generically unique. Two sets of sufficiency conditions for existence are presented. The paper concludes with examples and applications. In...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7198

A Nonlinear Generalized Additive Error Model of Production and Cost
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino; Caputo,   Michael R.
In 1944, Marschak and Andrews published a seminal paper on how to obtain consistent estimates of a production technology. The original formulation of the econometric model regarded the joint estimation of the production function together with the first-order necessary conditions for profit-maximizing behavior. In the seventies, with the advent of econometric duality, the preference seemed to have shifted to a dual approach. Recently, however, Mundlak resurrected the primal-versus-dual debate with a provocative paper titled “Production Function Estimation: Reviving the Primal.” In that paper, the author asserts that the dual estimator, unlike the primal approach, is not efficient because it fails to utilize all the available information. In this paper we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Primal; Dual; Cobb-Douglas; Nonlinear errors-in-variables; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D0; C3.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93743

A Nonlinear Offset Program to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions Induced by Excessive Nitrogen Application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosas,   Francisco; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hayes,   Dermot J.
On average, U.S. farmers choose to apply nitrogen fertilizer at a rate that exceeds the ex post agronomically optimal rate. The technology underlying the yield response to nitrogen rewards producers who over apply in years when rainfall is excessive. The overapplication of nutrients has negative environmental consequences because the nitrogen that is not taken up by the plant will typically volatilize causing N2O emissions, or leach causing water pollution. We present a nonlinear offset program that induces farmers to reduce their nitrogen applications to the level that will be consumed by the plant in a typical year and, as a result, reduce N2O emissions from agriculture. The offset program is nonlinear because of the nonlinear relationship between N2O...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon offsets; Nitrogen fertilizer; Nitrous oxide; Pollution; Uncertainty; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103914

A Nonparametric Analysis of Cost Minimization and Profit Maximization Behavior for a Sample of Kansas Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moghnieh,   Ghassan A.; Featherstone,   Allen M.; Goodwin,   Barry K.
This study investigates nonparametrically the optimizing behavior of a sample of 289 Kansas farms under profit-maximizing and cost-minimizing hypotheses. The results do not support strict adherence to either optimization hypothesis. However, evidence against cost-minimizing behavior seems to be far less substantial than that against profit-maximizing behavior.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118197

A NONPARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCE AND NATURE OF TECHNICAL CHANGE:  THE CASE OF U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Aliber,   Michael; Cox,   Thomas L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12660

A Nonsubstitution Dynamic Model for Optimal Fertilizer Recommendations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanzer,   Edgar A.; Paris,   Quirino; Williams,   William A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11938

A Note on a One-sided, Chebychev-type Inequality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Hihn,   Jairus M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics; Statistics.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37701

A Note on Emissions Taxes and Incomplete Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Carlos A.; Stranlund,   John K.
In contrast with what we perceive is the conventional wisdom about setting emissions taxes under uncertainty, we demonstrate that setting a uniform tax equal to expected marginal damage is not generally efficient under incomplete information about firms’ abatement costs and damages from pollution.  We show that efficient taxes will deviate from expected marginal damage if there is uncertainty about the slopes of the marginal abatement costs of regulated firms. Moreover, efficient emissions tax rates will vary across firms if a regulator can use observable firm-level characteristics to gain some information about how the firms’ marginal abatement costs vary.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Taxes; Incomplete Information; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42129

A Note on Price Stabilization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price stabilization; Prices.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37700

A NOTE ON SPURIOUS REGRESSION IN PANELS WITH CROSS-SECTION DEPENDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Su,   Jen-Je.
This paper analyses regression of two independent stationary panels with cross-sectional dependence.  It is shown that the pooling least squares (PLS) estimator converges to zero in probability while the individual OLS estimator converges to a random variable.  However, the PLS-based and the OLS-based t-statistics diverge, so the null hypothesis of no correlation tends to be spuriously rejected.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23712

A note on taxes, prices, wages, and welfare in general equilibrium models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
"January 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 11-12).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade policy; Welfare economics; Equilibrium (Economics); Financial Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97541

A Note on the Appropriate Measure of Tax Burden on Foreign Direct Investment to the CEECs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellak,   Christian; Leibrecht,   Markus; Romisch,   Roman.
In this note we show that tax-rate elasticities of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to Central and East European Countries (CEECs) derived from statutory corporate income tax rates (STRs) are likely to be flawed. From a conceptual point of view STRs are problematic as they neither capture tax base effects, nor effects of the home country, the international or the supranational tax laws on the corporate tax burden. Concerning FDI, from an empirical point of view STRs are questionable as their behavior over time and between country-pairs may be very different from that of the conceptually superior bilateral corporate effective average tax rates (BCEATRs). We compare the variability of STRs and BCEATRs of seven major home countries of FDI in eight major CEEC...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate income taxation; Effective tax rate; Foreign Direct Investment; Multinational Enterprises; Financial Economics; F2; H00; H25.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26365

A note on the environmental costs of aggregates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter.
The opening of a new site for the production of aggregates has both direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The indirect impacts include changes in the environmental costs of hauling aggregates and possible changes in the level of construction activity. In this note, we show that the most likely effect of a new aggregate site is to reduce the truck miles used for aggregate hauling, which is an environmental benefit. We also show that the change in construction activity induced by a new site is likely to be extremely small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aggregates; Building materials; Costs; Environmental aspects; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43918

A Note on the Equilibrium Properties of Locational Sorting Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayer,   Patrick; Timmins,   Christopher.
A central feature of many models of location choice – whether of firms or households, within or across cities – is the role of local interactions or spillovers, whereby the payoffs from choosing a location depend in part on the number or attributes of other individuals or firms that choose the same or nearby locations in equilibrium. The main goal of this paper is to develop the equilibrium properties of a broadly applicable and readily estimable class of sorting models that allow the location decision to depend on both fixed local attributes (including unobserved attributes) and such local interactions. In particular, we prove uniqueness in the case of congestion effects and use a series of simulations to demonstrate that a unique equilibrium is more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Local spillovers; Social interactions; Economic geography; Natural advantage; Endogenous sorting; Discrete choice models; Agglomeration; Congestion; Random utility; Industrial Organization; H0; R0; R2; R3.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28378

A NOTE ON THE LINK BETWEEN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13917

A note on the performance measure of conservation auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven.
We argue that previous assessments of discriminatory-price conservation auctions may have systematically overestimated their performance relative to uniform-payment schemes due to an inappropriate counterfactual comparison. We demonstrate that the cost curve (and not the bid curve) is the relevant supply curve when a uniform payment is offered and provide a theoretically rigorous counterfactual based on that insight. We estimate that the performance of BushTender may have been overrated by more than 50%.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Plus: assessment method; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100885

A Note on the Real Cost of Tractors in the 20s and 30s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter.
Published in Agricultural history, v.59:1, January 1985, p.66-71
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tractors; Agricultural history; Costs.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37854

A NOTE ON THE SOCIAL RETURNS TO PRIVATE R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13918

A Note on the Valuation of Ecosystem Services in Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simpson,   R. David.
There has been considerable recent interest in the valuation of ecosystem services. We focus here on the value of such services in the production of market goods. Although the conceptual basis for conducting such exercises is straightforward, the data with which to implement them empirically is generally not available. An upper bound on the value of ecosystem services arises when the production technology exhibits constant returns to scale in ecosystem services and market inputs jointly. There are compelling reasons to suppose that the existence of fixed factors of production would imply that production technologies exhibit decreasing return to scale. Under these circumstances, no general conclusions can be drawn. We show in an illustrative example that a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Returns to scale; Elasticity of substitution; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q29.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10832

A Note on the Value of Lifesaving
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6302

A Numerical Analysis of Optimal Extraction and Trade of Oil under Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massetti,   Emanuele; Sferra,   Fabio.
We introduce endogenous investments for increasing conventional and non-conventional oil extraction capacity in the integrated assessment model WITCH. The international price of oil emerges as the Nash equilibrium of a non-cooperative game. When carbon emissions are not constrained, oil is used throughout the century, with unconventional oil taking over conventional oil from mid-century onward. When carbon emissions are constrained, oil consumption drops dramatically and the oil price is lower than in the BaU. Unconventional oil is not extracted. Regional imbalances in the distribution of stabilisation costs are magnified and the oil-exporting countries bear, on average, costs three times larger than in previous estimates.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Integrated Assessment; Oil Production; Oil Revenues; Oil Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; E17; F17; Q32; Q43; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96495

A Nutraceutical Industry: Policy Implications for Future Directions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unterschultz,   James R.; Lerohl,   Mel L.; Peng,   Yanning; Gurung,   Rajendra Kumar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24051

A Panel Unit Root and Panel Cointegration Test of the Complementarity Hypothesis in the Mexican Case, 1960-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Miguel D.
Using panel data, this paper tests whether public and private capital have a positive and significant effect on aggregate output and labor productivity for Mexico during the 1960-2001 period.  The richer information set made possible by the sectorial data enables this study to utilize the methodologically sound “group-mean” Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) procedure developed by Pedroni  to generate consistent estimates of the relevant panel variables in the cointegrated production (labor productivity) function. The results suggest that, in the long run, changes in the stocks of  public and private capital and the economically active population (EAP) have a positive and economically significant effect on output ( and labor productivity).  The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28402

A Paradox for Agro-Environmental Land Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Feng,   Hongli.
A regulator with a fixed budget to spend on securing environmental benefits from farmed land has to choose between how many acres to enroll and the extent of benefits to require of each enrolled acre. Here we consider, given heterogeneous land, what properties of the environmental benefit-to-cost ratio imply for the choice of optimal program as the available budget varies. Conditions are found such that a program of high benefits on few acres is preferred for any budget level. It is also possible that a program delivering low benefits per acre at low cost is preferred on each land type, and yet a high benefit program is optimal policy, a variant of Simpson’s paradox.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-to-cost ratio; Environmental policy; Land heterogeneity; Simpson’s paradox.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53934

A Partial Equilibrium Approach of Modeling Vertical Linkages in the U.S. Flat Rolled Steel Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fetzer,   James J.
This paper models linkages between upstream and downstream goods in the U.S. market for flat-rolled steel. These vertical linkages are important to account for when estimating the impact of trade restrictions on imports of flat rolled steel because some types of flat rolled steel are predominately used to produce other types of flat rolled steel and in some cases also make up a large share of their production costs. Previous research has modeled the linkages between upstream and downstream goods with CGE models and vertically linked partial equilibrium models. Drawing upon this literature, this paper builds a vertically linked version of the CES COMPAS model that incorporates vertical linkages as constant cross price elasticities in both downstream supply...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15862

A Participatory Approach to Assess the Effectiveness of Responses to Cope with Flood Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ceccato,   Lucia; Giannini,   Valentina; Giupponi,   Carlo.
This work illustrates the preliminary findings of a participatory research process aimed at identifying responses for sustainable water management in a climate change perspective, in two river basins in Europe and Asia. The paper describes the methodology implemented through local workshops, aimed at eliciting and evaluating possible responses to flood risk. Participatory workshops allowed for the identification of four categories of possible responses and a set of nine evaluation criteria, three for each of the three pillars of sustainable development. The main outcome of such activities consists in the ranking of broad response categories instrumental to the objective of the Brahmatwinn research project, i.e. the identification of Integrated Water...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Participatory Process; Climate Change; Flood Risk; Decision Support System; Multi Criteria Analysis; MCA; Eliciting Responses; Evaluating Responses; Integrated Water Resources Management; IWRM; Mulino Decision Support System; MDSS; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; Q01; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60662

A PARTICIPATORY ZONING PROCESS AT REGION LEVEL: THE AMATOLA DISTRICT ZONING PROJECT (EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lhopitallier,   Laurent.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18064

A PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE BEEF INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT FUND; FINAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayer,   Holly; Grier,   Kevin; Martin,   Larry J.
The Beef Industry Development Fund, (BIDF), is a joint industry, federal and provincial initiative that was established to support innovative projects which would increase the competitiveness of the Canadian beef industry. The BIDF amounted to nearly $25 million dollars over a period of five years from 1995 to the end of 2000. The initiatives funded by BIDF were primarily targeted to domestic and export market development, research, training and technology.  This paper is the performance measures evaluation of the Beef Industry Development Fund. Performance research management determines how well the recommended actions are being carried out and what benefits in sales and profits are being realized. Performance measurement benchmarks performance against...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18144

A PERSPECTIVE ON OREGON WHEAT GROWERS' INTERESTS IN THE MILLENNIUM ROUND OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat and wheat trade; GATT; WTO; Seattle; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade; F1; Q1.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29252

A Perspective on Valuing Changes in Health Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Ann.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25197

A picture of tariff protection across the world in 2004: MAcMap-HS6, version 2
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boumellassa,   Houssein; Laborde,   David; Mirtaritonna,   Cristina.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115425

A Pilot Study of the Quality of European Commission Extended Impact Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Norman; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30580

A POLICY AGENDA FOR PRO POOR AGRICULTURAL GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorward,   Andrew; Kydd,   Jonathan; Morrison,   Jamie; Urey,   Ian.
Economic growth has been low and the incidence and numbers of poor people remain very high in some parts of the world, notably in sub Saharan Africa and some parts of South Asia. Projections for poverty reduction suggest that these regions are likely to continue to hold very large numbers of very poor rural people in the foreseeable future. Theoretical arguments and empirical evidence suggest that in poor agrarian economies both the processes of structural change within national economies and micro-economic relations within rural economies give agriculture (and particularly intensive cereal based growth) a pre-eminent and unique role in economic development and in poverty reduction. However, reliance on pro-poor agricultural growth as the main weapon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10923

A Policy Model for the Livestock and Poultry Sectors of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Chad; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18645

A POLICY PERSPECTIVE ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTS: TOWARD A LAND THEORY OF VALUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
This brief is divided into four parts.  Part one provides a basic description of the agricultural production process as a dynamic flow, producing not only commodities but environmental goods and "bads"(damages).  Part two discusses the research agendas that have influenced this production process, and the conflicts between traditional commodity oriented research and the newer environmental research agenda.  Part three takes up the common ground uniting these two agendas:  a concern for the uses of land and the effects of this use on both commodity and environmental flows.  Part four offers some specific recommendations for reforms in land policy and targeting at the national level, the farm level, and the implications of these reforms for agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14443

A Politico-Economic Model of Aging, Technology Adoption and Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lancia,   Francesco; Prarolo,   Giovanni.
Over the past century, all OECD countries have been characterized by a dramatic increase in economic conditions, life expectancy and educational attainment. This paper provides a positive theory that explains how an economy might evolve when the longevity of its citizens both influences and is influenced by the process of economic development. We propose a three periods OLG model where agents, during their lifetime, cover different economic roles characterized by different incentive schemes and time horizon. Agents’ decisions embrace two dimensions: the private choice about education and the public one upon innovation policy. The theory focuses on the crucial role played by heterogeneous interests in determining innovation policies, which are one of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Life Expectancy; Human Capital; Systemic Innovation; Majority Voting; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D70; J10; O14; O31; O43.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9552

A POSITIVE THEORY OF AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6851

A Positivist Approach to Pigouvian Taxes based on an Evolutionary Algorithm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Simmons,   Phil; Cacho,   Oscar J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pigouvian tax; Pollution tax; Genetic algorithm; Political preferences; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12941

A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF SEASON EXTENSION AND THE DULUTH-SUPERIOR ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Fruin,   Jerry E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13767

A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED 1998 TAXPAYERS' RIGHTS AMENDMENTS TO THE IOWA CONSTITUTION AND FISCAL CONSEQUENCES ASSUMING IMPLEMENTATION FROM FY1984 TO PRESENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edelman,   Mark A.
This staff paper reviews the Senate (SSB2072) and House (HSB688) versions of a proposed 1998 Amendment to the Iowa Constitution and provides a preliminary analysis of the fiscal impacts on the state general fund receipts, general fund appropriations, and local property taxes assuming each proposal was implemented in FY 1984. While the year-to-year reductions in spending are relatively small, the cumulative fiscal impact of the SSB2072 would likely have resulted in (1) a FY1997 state general fund limit that allows 32 percent less spending than actual FY1997, (2) a $710 million reduction in the growth of state aid to local government, and (3) a 29.7 percent increase in property taxes, if property taxes were used to fully replace the reduction in growth of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: State tax limitations; Tax limitations; Revenue limitations; Spending limitations.; Public Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18279

A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT: 2001 COURT RESTRUCTURING PLAN IMPACTS ON THREE IOWA COUNTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edelman,   Mark A.
A preliminary study is one that is conducted to develop an initial framework of analysis and/or to gain an initial assessment to provide enough understanding of the research issue so as to inform the direction of a more complete and comprehensive data collection, study analysis, and policymaking deliberation. On November 8, 2001, the Iowa General Assembly and Governor approved a 4.3 percent across-the-board state budget reduction. This reduced the Judicial Branch budget by $5.5 million. In anticipation of and in response to fiscal concerns, the Judicial Branch announced plans for restructuring the Iowa court system. Iowa citizens and community and interest group leaders are interested in having the impacts of the proposals identified and assessed to assist...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18217

A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE ANNUAL CONSERVATION AND LAND PRESERVATION TAX CONCEPT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edelman,   Mark A.
This staff paper provides (1) a summary of the proposed bill regarding the annual conservation and land preservation tax concept, (2) observations and a preliminary assessment of the impacts, and (3) an outline of potential issues, considerations, and related alternative concepts that policymakers, interest groups and citizens may wish to consider during the course of debate on the proposal.  Ideas and concepts discussed in this staff paper should not be considered recommendation, but rather fodder consisting of alternative ideas to fully inform  and assist policymakers in making informed choices and reducing unintended consequences.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18281

A PRELIMINARY ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ROUNDUP READY SOYBEANS IN MISSISSIPPI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Couvillion,   Warren C.; Kari,   Fatimah; Hudson,   Darren; Allen,   Albert J.
The advent of genetically altered seed has had a revolutionary effect on the cotton, soybean, and corn seed industries. The basic premise for the use of these seed are to reduce costs through lower applications of chemicals and savings on trips through the field, thus, lowering production costs. Seed companies, however, charge a premium and a fee for use of the seed. This paper compares the costs associated with conventional and roundup ready soybeans. Data were collected from the ACost of Production@ survey of Mississippi producers that is administered by Mississippi State University through the National Agricultural Statistics Service. The survey is a random sample of producers fields that allows for a derivation of the cost of production for each field....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Soybeans; Genetically altered seed; Roundup ready; Costs of production; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15783

A PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY FOR ESTABLISHING A MULTI-SPECIES MEAT PROCESSING PLANT IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nudell,   Daniel J.; Kraenzel,   David G.; Petry,   Timothy A.; Faller,   Timothy; Hughes,   Harlan G.; Brown,   Erin.
The number of small commodity livestock slaughter plants in the Upper Northern Plains region continues to decline.  Significant factors contributing to this decline include:  1) pressure to consolidate, thereby capturing economies of scale; 2) relatively stringent federal inspection specifications, along with; 3) HACCP (Hazardous Analysis Critical Control Points) requirements. At the same time, consumer demand (markets) for specialty, selected, and exotic meats appears to be growing.  For example, the recent market successes in Europe evidenced by the North American Bison Cooperative based in New Rockford, North Dakota. Several alternative livestock producer groups have emerged which include lamb, ratite, elk, deer, goat, poultry, rabbit, specialty beef,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Multi-species; Specialty meats; Specialty livestock; Alternative livestock; Economies of scale; HACCP (Hazardous Analysis Critical Control Points); Slaughter plants; Processing plants; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23293

A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF USERS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS INFORMATION: PROCEDURES AND RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salin,   Victoria; Thurow,   Amy Purvis; Elmer,   Nicole A.
This survey of 100 economic analysts in agriculture, outside of government and academia, assesses the changing public-private balance in information services in agriculture.  Its objectives were to: (1)contact front-line private-sector analysts who handle economic issues in agriculture and ask them about the data and information they most value and why, (2) experiment with measurement instruments to segment and describe information attributes that users value; and  (3) assess the interest of front-line analysts in the changing public- private balance in information provision.  The results provide a list of information services used by analysts, descriptive responses on attributes that contribute to value-added, and statistical analysis relating respondent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23979

A PREVIEW OF THE 1996 FARM PROGRAM PROVISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schweikhardt,   David B.; Batie,   Sandra S.; Doering,   Otto C., III; Jones,   Bob F.
The U.S. House of Representatives and Senate have written farm bills that contain major revisions in farm commodity programs. Differences in these bills, House bill HR 2854 and Senate bill S 1541, must now be resolved by a Conference Committee, approved by a final vote of both houses of Congress, and signed by the President. Though differences in the bills do exist, the bills contain many similar provisions that appear likely to be included in the final version of the bill. This paper summarizes the major provisions of these bills and identifies areas where differences must be resolved by the Conference Committee.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11609

A PRIMAL-DUAL APPROACH TO NONPARAMETRIC PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS: THE CASE OF U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Cox,   Thomas L.
Nonparametric methods for measuring productivity indexes based on bounds for the underlying production technology are presented. Following Banker and Maindiratta, the lower bound is obtained from a primal approach while the upper bound corresponds to a dual approach to nonparametric production analysis. These nonparametric bounds are then used to estimate input-based and output- based distance functions. These radial measures provide the basis for measuring productivity indexes. Application to times series data on U.S. agriculture indicates a large gap between the primal lower bound and the dual upper bound. This generates striking differences between the primal and dual nonparametric productivity indexes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12613

A PRIMAL-DUAL ESTIMATOR OF PRODUCTION AND COST FUNCTIONS WITHIN AN ERRORS-IN-VARIABLES CONTEXT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino; Caputo,   Michael R.
In 1944, Marschak and Andrews published a seminal paper on how to obtain consistent estimates of a production technology. The original formulation of the econometric model regarded the joint estimation of the production function together with the first-order necessary conditions for profit-maximizing behavior. In the seventies, with the advent of econometric duality, the preference seemed to have shifted to a dual approach. Recently, however, Mundlak resurrected the primal-versus-dual debate with a provocative paper titled “Production Function Estimation: Reviving the Primal.” In that paper, the author asserts that the dual estimator, unlike the primal approach, is not efficient because it fails to utilize all the available information. In this paper we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11975

A Primer On Collective Entrepreneurship: A Preliminary Taxonomy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burress,   Molly J.; Cook,   Michael L.
We document an increasing prevalence of the term ―collective entrepreneurship‖ in scholarly research. By examining the context in which the term is utilized, we present a framework through which to understand motivations for research in collective entrepreneurship and the variety of entrepreneurial endeavors described as collective entrepreneurship. We identify five primary motivations for research: advancement of theory, intra-organizational efficiency, inter-organizational gains, economic growth and development, and socio-political change. We find preliminary evidence collective entrepreneurs may be able to generate rents inaccessible to the sole entrepreneur. In addition, we propose mechanisms which foster entrepreneurship may differ for sole and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92628

A primer on implementing compressed simulated annealing for the optimisation of a constrained simulation model in Microsoft Excel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doole,   Graeme J.
This short paper provides a simple introduction on how a simulation model implemented in Microsoft Excel® can be optimised using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) programming and the compressed simulated annealing algorithm (Ohlmann et al., 2004; Ohlmann and Thomas, 2007). The standard simulated annealing procedure enters as a special case. Practical advice for determining the parameters that guide the stochastic search process in an annealing algorithm is also given.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7420

A PRIMER ON NUTRITION POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leathers,   Howard D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13268

A Primer on US Sugar in the 2007 US Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.
This background paper is devoted to US sugar policy. A first section describes the features and economics of the US sugar program; a second section is devoted to the welfare and trade effects of the US sugar program; and a final section reports on potential emerging reforms, their expected effects, and implications. Beyond well-established findings on the social cost and inefficiency of the US sugar program, the main findings of this paper are as follows. The current sugar program is becoming unsustainable because sugar imports are progressively creeping into the US market through regional trade agreements, eventually inducing large sugar inventories, or contracting domestic production to unpalatable low levels in order to maintain high internal prices....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dispute; HFCS; NAFTA; Sugar; Sugar program; Sweetener; Trade; TRQ; US farm bill; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9374

A Principal-Agent Analysis of the Family: Implications for the Welfare State
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Munro,   Lauchlan.
The principal-agent literature has focussed on situations where both principal and agent are assumed to be capable of defining and defending their own interests. The principal-agent literature has thus ignored an important set of cases where the principal is incapable of acting on her own behalf, and so is assigned an agent by law or custom. Such cases account for around 40% of humanity and for a similarly substantial proportion of all principal-agent interactions. This paper applies principal-agent analysis to one such case, the family, where the child is taken as the principal and the parent is her agent. The principal-agent problem within families creates a prima facie case for state interventions to protect child-principals, since some parents will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30567

A Private Sector Perspective on the Celtic Tiger Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McArdle,   Pat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112947

A PRODUCER'S WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR INFORMATION UNDER PRICE UNCERTAINTY: THEORY AND APPLICATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Antonovitz,   Frances.
The theory of the competitive firm under price uncertainty is used to develop a money metric of a producer's willingness to pay for additional information. For a restricted class of utility functions, empirical estimates of the money using secondary data can be derived from the firm's risk averse supply or factor demand function. The procedure is illustrated by an application to an agricultural market.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14013

A Profile of Agriculture in New Mexico from the 1997 Census of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skaggs,   Rhonda K.; Wiltgen,   Brett.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23948

A Profile of Gauteng: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of Gauteng. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15615

A Profile of KwaZulu-Natal: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of KwaZulu-Natal. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15611

A Profile of Mpumalanga: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of Mpumalanga. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15618

A PROFILE OF POVERTY IN EGYPT: 1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Datt,   Gaurav; Jolliffe,   Dean; Sharma,   Manohar P.
This paper presents a profile of poverty in Egypt for 1997. It assesses the magnitude of poverty and its distribution across geographic and socioeconomic groups, provides information on the characteristics of the poor, illustrates the heterogeneity among the poor, and helps identify empirical correlates of poverty. The poverty profile is constructed using data from the recently completed Egypt Integrated Household Survey, a nationwide, multiple-topic household survey, carried out by the International Food Policy Research Institute in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and the Ministry of Trade and Supply. Reference poverty lines that take into account regional differences in food and nonfood prices, age and composition of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94863

A Profile of the Eastern Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia.
The Eastern Cape agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 1.7% of the Eastern Cape value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 2.9% of the population in the Eastern Cape is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size and Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58051

A Profile of the Eastern Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of the Eastern Cape. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15617

A Profile of the Free State Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia; Phaladi,   Sepitle Frans.
The Free State agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 4.2% of the Free State value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 2.3% of the population in the Free State is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size; And Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58053

A Profile of the Free State Province: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of the Free State. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15616

A Profile of the Gauteng Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia.
The Gauteng agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 0.46% of the Gauteng value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 0.61% of the population in Gauteng is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size; And Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58056

A Profile of the KwaZulu-Natal Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia; Buthelezi,   D.J.
The KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 3.9% of the KwaZulu-Natal value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 2.5% of the population in KwaZulu-Natal is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size; And Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58054

A Profile of the Limpopo Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia; Ramathoka,   Mabu; Masekoameng,   Abel.
The Limpopo agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 2.7% of the Limpopo value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 1.1% of the population in Limpopo is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size and Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58059

A Profile of the Limpopo Province: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality, and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of Limpopo. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15607

A PROFILE OF THE MINNESOTA MILK PRODUCTION SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hammond,   Jerome W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13252

A Profile of the Mpumalanga Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia; Scheepers,   Kabelo.
Mpumalanga’s agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 3.5% of Mpumalanga value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 2.3% of the population in Mpumalanga is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size and Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58058

A Profile of the North West Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia; Bothloko,   Constance.
The North West agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 2.6% of the North West value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 1.7% of the population in the North West is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities to ensure growth in agricultural industries. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size; And Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58055

A Profile of the North West Province: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of the North West. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15614

A Profile of the Northern Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia; Uchezuba,   David Ifeanyi; Bashi,   Molao.
The Northern Cape agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 7% of the Northern Cape value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 5.4% of the population in the Northern Cape is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size; And Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58052

A Profile of the Northern Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of the Northern Cape. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15612

A Profile of the Western Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality, and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Elne; Punt,   Cecilia.
The Western Cape agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 3.9% of the Western Cape value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 3% of the population in the Western Cape is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities.  This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demographic Trends and Forecasts; Labor Force and Employment; Size; And Structure; Agricultural Labor Markets; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; J11; J21; J43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58050

A Profile of the Western Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
This paper forms part of a series of papers that present profiles of South Africa's provinces, with a specific focus on key demographic statistics, poverty and inequality estimates, and estimates of unemployment. In this volume comparative statistics are presented for agricultural and non-agricultural households, as well as households from different racial groups, locations (metropolitan, urban and rural areas) and district municipalities of the Western Cape. Most of the data presented are drawn from the Income and Expenditure Survey of 2000 and the Labour Force Survey of September 2000, while some comparative populations statistics are extracted from the National Census of 2001 (Statistics South Africa). The papers should be regarded as general guidelines...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15619

A PROFITABILITY PERSPECTIVE ON THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF FORMALIZED DAIRY FARM CONTROL AND PLANNING SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Earl I.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13501

A PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO ESTIMATE PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS USING BOUNDS ON THE TRUE PRODUCTION SET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.
Varian (1984) developed procedures to establish bounds on a true convex negative monotonic production set that p-rationalizes a set of data consistent with the weak axiom of profit maximization.  These bounds can provide additional information for estimating parametric production functions.  A mathematical programming procedure is developed to maximize various measures of goodness of fit of alternative parametric specifications relative to the true production set.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nonparametric technique; Production; Production functions; Production Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12956

A PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO URBAN TRANSIT PLANNING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13334

A Pro-Market Agenda for El Salvador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engel,   Eduardo M.R.A.
This paper argues that, despite important productivity gains, reforms have benefited consumers much less than expected in El Salvador. Antitrust legislation, consumer protection and an adequate regulation of privatized utilities are central ingredients of a successful market economy. Major reforms that are needed in each one of these areas in El Salvador are described.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market reform; Antitrust legislation; Consumer protection; Privatization; Regulation of utilities; Political Economy; D18; L40; L51; L94; L96; O12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28438

A proposal for measuring the benefits of policy-oriented social science research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Donghyun.
This paper addresses the problem of how to measure the benefits of policy-oriented social science research. It argues that social science research promotes economic efficiency in three different ways—it fosters efficiency in the public sector both directly and through effects on the general public, and it increases the efficiency of the private sector. The paper also proposes a practical empirical methodology for measuring the benefits of policy-oriented social science research. The proposed methodology includes a three-stage analysis of a cross-section of countries. The relationship between research and policy is estimated first. Then an estimate is made of the relationship between policy and economic growth. Finally, these estimates are used to deduce...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48292

A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
The successor to the Kyoto Protocol should impose national ceilings on rich countries’ greenhouse gas emissions and promote voluntary abatement by developing countries. Our proposal gives signatories the option of exercising an escape clause that relaxes their requirement to abate. This feature helps to solve the participation and compliance problems that have weakened the Protocol. We support the use of carefully circumscribed trade restrictions in order to reduce the real or perceived problem of carbon leakage.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto protocol; Escape clause; Emissions trade; Clean development mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; F13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42878

A PROPOSAL TO REFORM THE KYOTO PROTOCOL: THE ROLE OF ESCAPE CLAUSES AND FORESIGHT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhao,   Jinhua.
A reform to the Kyoto Protocol that allows signatories to pay a fine instead of meeting the target level of abatement would achieve three goals. First, it would defuse one U.S. objection to the agreement: the concern that the cost of achieving the target might turn out to be extremely high. Second, unlike other cost-reducing measures (such as trade in pollution permits) it would increase the equilibrium number of signatories in a non-cooperative participation game. Third, it would make it easier to force signatories to comply with their obligations. We study the participation game under an escape clause using both a Nash Equilibrium and the concept of a stable set when nations are “farsighted”. We compare our results to a prominent model of International...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6857

A proposed framework for irrigation management transfer in Iran: Lessons from Asia and Iran.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ul Hassan,   Mehmood; Qureshi,   Asad Sarwar; Heydari,   Nader.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Privatization; Water policy; Economic aspects; Institutional development; Water users associations; Irrigation systems; Irrigation canals; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91875

A PROPOSED METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING ECOREGIONAL VALUES FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhat,   Gajanan; Bergstrom,   John C.; Bowker,   James Michael; Cordell,   H. Ken.
This paper provides a methodology for the estimation of recreational demand functions and values using an ecoregional approach.  Ten ecoregions in the continental US were defined based on similarly functioning ecosystem characters. The individual travel cost method was employed to estimate the recreational demand functions for activities such as motorboating and waterskiing, developed and primative camping, coldwater fishing, sightseeing and pleasure driving, and big game hunting for each ecoregions.  Estimates of per trip net income value range from $12.93 to $218.38 while per day estimates range from $4.31 to $109.19.  While our ecoregional approach differs conceptually from previous work, our results appear consistent with the previous travel cost...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Recreation; Ecoregion; Travel cost method; Truncated poisson model; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16686

A PUBLIC CHOICE ANALYSIS OF U.S. PRODUCER PRICE SUPPORT IN WHEAT AND CORN: IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald; Hausner,   Ulrich.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13475

A Public Choice Approach to the Economic Analysis of Animal Healthcare Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Riviere-Cinnamond,   Ana.
Privatisation of animal healthcare systems in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, has had very limited success. Introduced with inadequate transition time and too few resources, many livestock owners either cannot afford or, just as likely, are unable to gain access to the services they need. Poor livestock owners in remote rural areas suffer the greatest disadvantage. This fact is undisputed but, since privatisation, the primary focus has been on analysing the performance of animal healthcare systems and few authors have studied the underlying economic theories that have driven privatisation policy nor examined in what ways these may have been detrimental.  This working paper examines how the economic analysis of animal health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Animal health services; Privatisation process; Market failure; Taxonomy of goods; Poor livestock keepers; Developing countries; Community animal health workers; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23786

A qualitative-quantitative model of consumer choice with an application to recreation demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6281

A Quality-Adjusted Cost Index for Estimating Future Consumer Surplus from Innovation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Austin,   David H.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
This paper describes a model for estimating, in a probabilistic framework, expected future consumer surplus from planned new product innovations. The model has been applied to estimations of taxpayer benefits from NASA's New Millenium Program (NMP), which develops new technologies for space science, and to the digital data storage technologies being supported by the Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program (ATP). The model uses cost index methods based on consumers' estimated marginal valuation for quality improvements in the technology. Probabilistic values for performance increases are taken from the innovators' own expectations. The analysis reveals the sensitivity of welfare increases to these values, which are assumed to be biased upward....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality-adjusted cost index; Consumer surplus; Innovation; Environmental Economics and Policy; O32; H43; D60.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10655

A QUARTERLY ECONOMETRIC SIMULATION MODEL OF THE U.S. LIVESTOCK AND MEAT SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buhr,   Brian L.
This paper develops a quarterly dynamic simulation model of the U.S. livestock sector which is useful for both policy analysis and technology assessment.  The model includes a complete representation of the livestock and meat supply sector, processing or margin sector and meat demand. First the conceptual framework for the model is outlined. Second, the data used for the model is presented and, finally, the estimated and validation statistics of the model are presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13465

A Random Utility Analysis of Southern Alberta Sportfishing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peters,   T.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Boxall,   Peter C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24048

A Real Options Framework for Analyzing Program Participation as Human Capital Investments: The Case of the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Coble,   Keith H.; Knight,   Thomas O.
We develop a real options framework to model producer participation in a subsidy program as a human capital investment to learn how the stochastic subsidy affects returns and how to adapt production activities to new program incentives, formally linking the framework to a multinomial logit specification for empirical applications.  Analysis of farmer intentions for participation in the ACRE program created by the 2008 Farm Bill finds that reluctance to participate was driven largely by risk aversion and perceptions about income risk from yield and price variability, consistent with the theory that uncertainty creates an option value discouraging human capital investments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Policy; Commodity Programs; Farm Bill; Multinomial Logit; Real Options Theory; Subsidy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92896

A Reconsideration of Environmental Federalism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oates,   Wallace E.
This paper provides a review and assessment of the debate over environmental federalism-the issue of the roles of different levels of government in environmental management. The paper begins with the presentation of three benchmark cases that provide a framework for thinking about the issue. It then offers a review, first of the theoretical literature and second of some new, provocative empirical literature on the race to the bottom. The paper contends that there remains, under certain circumstances, an important role for decentralized government in the setting of environmental standards and the design of regulatory programs. The central government, in addition to setting standards for "national" pollutants, has a fundamental contribution to make in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental federalism; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H1; H7.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10460

A Recurrent Utility Function of Fictitious Generality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino; Caputo,   Michael R.
For the past twenty-five years, Dusansky and his associated co-authors have published a longseries of papers which are based on the same price-dependent utility function. The alleged price dependence, however, is fictitious in the sense that the level of exogenous money income can replace the commodity prices. The consequence is that the demand functions derived from Dusansky's utility function are identical and observationally equivalent to the demand functions obtained from a prototypical utility function. Since all the market and environmental effects are revealed only through the demand functions, the specification and use of a utility function such as that used by Dusansky is irrelevant and uninformative for the analysis of any economic problem where...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11971

A RE-EXAMINATION OF EVENT STUDIES APPLIED TO CHALLENGED HORIZONTAL MERGERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hopkins,   Yvette S.; Connor,   John M.
A growing body of empirical studies have been interpreted as support for a laissez-faire policy towards mergers. These "event studies" examine the reaction of stock market prices of firms that announce an agreement to merge. The type ~f reaction reveals whether a merger is motivated by a desire for market power or purely to improve market efficiency. In this paper, a version of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is applied to determine if abnormal returns are earned by rivals of 22 pairs of firms whose attempted horizontal mergers were challenged by the federal antitrust agencies. At most eight, and possibly only five, of the cases were found to be motivated by efficiency in seeking merger, and at most six, and possibly only one, were motivated by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116105

A RE-EXAMINATION OF EXCESS SENSITIVITY PUZZLE WHEN CONSUMERS FORECAST THE INCOME PROCESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banerjee,   Anurag N.; Basu,   Parantap.
In this paper, we address the issue of excess sensitivity/ smoothness of consumption purely from an estimation and forecasting point of view. Suppose the agent estimates the income process using the past income data and obtains best linear unbiased forecasts of future income and then she computes permanent income using these forecasts. How far will she be if she misspecies the income process as a trend stationary process when truly it is diference stationary? Using the recently developed sensitivity indices for forecasts, we argue that for a plausible characterization of the deterministic trend term in the income process, the mispecication bias for estimate of marginal propensity to consume is of second order importance.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31876

A Reexamination of Price Dynamics in the International Wheat Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohanty,   Samarendu; Meyers,   William H.; Smith,   Darnell B.
This paper examines price relationships in the international wheat market using a cointegration and error correction approach. Price series are found to be first difference stationary and cointegrated. Our results provide evidence that the United States, Australia, the European Union, and Argentina react to Canada's pricing decisions whereas Canada does not respond to any other price changes except Australia's. Similarly, the United States also plays a strong role in the pricing of other exporters (except Canada) and its U.S. pricing decision is affected by changes in Canadian and Australian prices. The remaining exporters such as the European Union and Argentina respond to the U.S. and Canadian price changes but do not have any influence on other prices....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18354

A Reexamination of Professional and Popular Thought on Assistance for Economic Development: 1949-1952
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   Joseph V.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8430

A REEXAMINATION OF THE PROFITABILITY OF PRICE FIXING USING STOCK PRICE MOVEMENT:  HAS NEW ANTITRUST LEGISLATION BEEN A MORE EFFECTIVE DETERRENT OF PRICE FIXING?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Detre,   Joshua D.; Golub,   Alla A.
The Department of Justice (DOJ) antitrust penalties have become harsher for violating individuals and firms, and the criminal enforcement of cases has become increasingly important during the last 20 years. In this study we investigate whether these changes in antitrust law led to improved effectiveness of antitrust actions with respect to price-fixing over 1981-2001. We measure effectiveness by suppressed stock market values of offending firms after successful Section 1 of the Sherman Act indictment, by duration of the deterrent effect and by the rate of recidivism. We use effectiveness of antitrust enforcement documented by Bosch and Eckard (1991) and Thompson and Kaserman (2001) for 1962-80 as a basis for comparison. Our results show that the changes in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28668

A Regional Analysis of Maize Biological Diversity in Southeastern Guanajuato, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Jose Alfonso Aguirre; Bellon,   Mauricio R.; Smale,   Melinda.
Four environments with contrasting potential for agricultural productivity and infrastructure development were identified in Guanajuato State, Mexico, to test hypotheses about the relationship of maize biological diversity to the region's potential for agricultural productivity and infrastructure development. Samples of all types of maize grown by a random sample of farmers were collected from each environment. The maize samples were classified by race, racial mixture, or type of 'creolized' or improved variety. Landraces were the dominant maize class in all four environments; the use of improved varieties was negligible. Several diversity indices were calculated, and no statistically significant differences were apparent between the environments with the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7671

A REGIONAL BAN OF ALACHLOR AND ATRAZINE IN SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA: THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cox,   Craig A.; Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13945

A REGIONAL COMPARISON OF FARM COSTS AND RETURNS AMONG TOP DAIRY PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Harry M.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
The purpose of this paper is to compare costs and returns of the top dairy producers in the Upper Midwest to those in other major dairy regions of the U.S.  The analysis is based on the 1989 Farm Costs and Returns Survey conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.  The top dairy farmers are defined in several ways, including:  (1) highest returns to capital and management, (2) lowest total cash costs, and (3) highest milk marketings per cow.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13647

A REGIONAL COMPARISON OF U.S. COTTON BASIS PATTERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Seamon,   V. Frederick; Kahl,   Kandice H.; Curtis,   Charles E., Jr.
The basis, defined as the cash price minus the futures price, is important when making marketing decisions.  The cotton basis is calculated using the July futures price for six major cotton marketing regions in the U.S.  for August 1993 to November 1997.  Graphs of the average basis for the four complete crop years show that the basis generally followed the expected seasonal pattern.  The basis tended to be weakest at harvest and to strengthen later in the crop year.  However, a visual inspection showed regional differences in the seasonal pattern.  Regional differences in the yearly variability in the basis were also observed.  Thus, the usefulness of the average historical basis in predicting the future basis appears to differ depending on the region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18806

A REGIONAL ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF U.S. APPLE SUPPLY AND DEMAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roosen,   Jutta.
An econometric model of U.S. apple supply and demand is estimated  using annual data for 1971-1997.  Supply is arranged into four geographical regions, the Northwest, the Southwest, the Central, and the East.  The structural model consists of five components: supply, allocation between fresh and processed utilization, pricing, demand and net imports.  Estimated supply elasticities illustrate regional differences in growers' ability to respond to market changes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Apple; Econometrics; Regional; Three-stage least square; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18237

A REGIONAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF THE WELFARE IMPACT OF CASH TRANSFERS: AN ANALYSIS OF PROGRESA IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coady,   David P.; Harris,   Rebecca Lee.
Using a regionally disaggregated computable general equilibrium model, we analyze the differential welfare impacts of a cash transfer program targeted at rural areas. The direct effect of the transfers decreases regional income differentials, but the indirect effects depend on how the program is financed. Financing the program with a more efficient tax system is also less regressive and has favorable urban impacts. The less efficient instruments result in relatively higher incomes in all rural regions, but are more regressive. The increasing share of urban poverty highlights the shortcomings of rural targeting and raises the issue of horizontal equity.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General equilibrium; Targeted transfers; Regional impacts; Tax incidence; Food Security and Poverty; D3; D58; D60; H2; O10; O54; R13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16303

A REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE AND VARIETY ON CORN YIELDS IN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buaha,   Gabriel Toichoa; Apland,   Jeffrey; Hicks,   Dale.
This paper reports the results of a regression analysis of the relationship between planting date and corn yield.  The study is based on experiments done at Agricultural Experiment Stations in Waseca, Lamberton and Morris, Minnesota.  The experiments were conducted with several corn varieties.  In addition to the date of planting, the estimated yield response equations include relative maturity as an explanatory variable.  Other management practices included in the models are seeding and fertilization rates. Interactions among explanatory variables are estimated, also.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13872

A RELATIVE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FARMLAND PRESERVATION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Musser,   Wesley N.
While agricultural land preservation programs seek to maximize number of acres, to preserve productive farms, to preserve contiguous farms, and to preserve threatened farms, they are often evaluated solely on the number of acres preserved. Using a Farrell efficiency analysis, preserved parcels in four Maryland counties were evaluated for all four goals.  Comparisons are made between program Econometric analysis used these efficiency measures as dependent variables.  Parcel size and productive farms were the most frequently used criteria to determine efficiency.  In addition, purchase of development right programs were most successful in trading off objectives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28592

A Relatively Easy-Access Description of the Logistics, Purposes and Function of the Sector Model KRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asmild,   Mette; Wiborg,   Torben.
This working paper describes the design of KRAM; a model of the Danish agricultural sector that has been developed in a research project at KVL between 1997 and 2000. The purpose of this paper is to give a general and non-technical overview of the model. The paper is directed at people who want a more detailed knowledge of the model, but without addressing the underlying formulas and programs. The paper focuses on the logistics of the model. This includes how data are produced and utilized within the model and how the various submodels are designed and work together. Furthermore the calibration and solving procedures and the time aspects of the models are described. Some of these descriptions may appear somewhat interim due to the fact that the model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24197

A Reluctance to Assimilate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Fan,   C. Simon.
Quite often, migrants appear to exert little effort to absorb the mainstream culture and to learn the language of their host society, even though the economic returns (increased productivity and enhanced earnings) to assimilation are high. We show that when interpersonal comparisons affect individuals' wellbeing and when a more intensive assimilation results in migrants' comparing themselves more with the richer natives and less with fellow migrants, then the effort extended to assimilate will be muted.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7125

A RENEWAL THEORETIC APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD SETTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
The process of environmental regulation is usually a two-step one. In the first step, a standard for environmental quality is set. Then, in the second step, a regulatory mechanism is put in place to achieve the standard. In this paper I show how renewal theory can be used to set the quality standard optimally.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Regulation; Standard; Renewal; Theory; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q20.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28354

A Report on Socioeconomic Attributes and Gender Inequality in Kondh-Dominated Villages: A Comparative Analysis of Tribals and Non-Tribals in the Phulbani District, Orissa, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Roy,   Kartik C.; Ghose,   Ananda.
Reports on results of a survey, completed in 2000, of wives in three villages in the Phulbani district, Orissa, India. These villages are dominated by the Kondh scheduled tribe but some also contain members of the scheduled caste, called Dombs in Orissa. The article reports on the total responses and comparative responses of these groups to a structured questionnaire. The article provides background information for the villages surveyed, and reports information in relation to wives and their families about property rights, assets and incomes, economic conditions and survival strategies, aspects of credit, production and marketing, social dynamics and education. In addition, children’s affairs, including the treatment and entitlements of female and male...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender Inequality; Children; India; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100213

A Report on the Management of Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory: Results of a Survey of Pastoralists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The management of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory is an important component of the State’s wildlife management policy. It encompasses saltwater crocodile control (the removal of problem crocodiles dangerous to humans and livestock), and the regulation of harvesting, farming and ranching of saltwater crocodiles for the production of commercial products. The distribution of saltwater crocodiles and their habitats often extend onto private and communal lands along the coastal belt of the Northern Territory,  and therefore are a concern of landholders both Aboriginal and pastoral. This report presents the findings of a study of managers of Northern Territory cattle properties (pastoralists). Their attitudes are surveyed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Saltwater Crocodiles; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55089

A Report Prepared for the Queensland Commercial Fishermen's Organisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramsay,   Gavin; Tisdell,   Clement A.; Harrison,   Stephen R.; Pullar,   David; Sun,   Samantha; Tibbetts,   Ian.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54346

A Request for Actuarial Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   James B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29225

A Response to the Federal Trade Commission/Anderson Critique of Structure-Performance Studies in Grocery Retailing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.
This research report responds to the comprehensive critique of structure-price and structure profit studies in the food retailing industry by Keith Anderson, Staff Economist, Federal Trade Commission.  Mr. Anderson's critique was in response to a request from certain members of the House Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law that the Federal Trade Commission explain why these studies should not serve as the basis for more rigorous enforcement of the antitrust laws.  The introduction of this research report examines the evolution of this debate since the May 1988 hearings.  Then Anderson's specific criticisms of the prior studies are addressed.  The final section of this report contains some additional comments on Mr. Anderson's position, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25154

A Retail Sales / Sales Tax Paradox
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lansford,   Notie H., Jr.; Brorsen,   B. Wade; Woods,   Michael D.
Small communities experiencing slow to negative growth sometimes increase their local sales tax rate in order to maintain or expand public services.  A cross-sectional, time series model is used to investigate possible unintended consequences.  Negative elasticities are found for tax rates above the norm, resulting in reduced retail trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community development; Sales tax; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics; Q00; R51.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92071

A REVIEW AND AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STUDIES OF SOIL CONSERVATION PROGRAMS, PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerestes,   Daniel E.; Easter,   K. William.
This paper provides a brief synthesis of articles, papers and studies concerned with soil conservation programs, practices and strategies and their effects on income and water quality. The emphasis is on publications during the 1970's to help bring researchers up to date on some of the current literature.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13988

A REVIEW AND AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF STUDIES REGARDING IRRIGATION INSTITUTIONS, MANAGEMENT AND INVESTMENT IN ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ellingson,   Dennis; Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14289

A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF WEATHER-CROP YIELD MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Geigel,   Joanne M.; Sundquist,   W. Burt.
The purpose of this paper is the relatively limited one of reviewing the literature for models which develop specific relationships between climatic variables and crop yields. Following a review of recent weather-crop yield modeling efforts we evaluate these models and suggest some conceptual models and data base improvements if we are to adequately project the impacts on crop production of expected future climatic change. Our review and evaluation centers on weather-crop yield models applicable to the central grain belt of the U.S., mainly the Corn Belt and Great Plains production regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13699

A Review of Agricultural Policy Evolution, Agricultural Data Sources, and Food Supply and Demand Studies in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soliman,   Ibrahim; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Bassiony,   Halah.
Over the years the control of the Government of Egypt on the agricultural sector has increasingly weakened with the progressive elimination of the input subsidy, area control, price control, procurement control, and the constraints in private sector participation in processing and trade. The only remaining major government involvement is the food subsidy in some wheat products, the “baladi” bread subsidy in particular.  Policy analysis studies in Egypt have been made possible because the Government of Egypt collects and publishes significant amounts of agricultural data on a regular basis. Two of the most widely used data sets are the Household Budget Survey conducted and published by the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, and the Food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural data; Agricultural policy; Egypt; Elasticity; Supply and demand.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59510

A Review of Economic Appraisal of Environmental Goods and Services: With a Focus on Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hearne,   Robert R.
Environmental economics has an extensive literature on procedures for placing economic values on the environment. Most of these methodologies have been developed and refined in the context of developed countries, where high levels of disposable income allow for a high demand for environmental amenities and a willingness to pay for non-use values. This paper argues that the applicability of these methodologies may be limited in developing countries. A microeconomic model, designed to highlight the different roles of environmental goods and services in developed and developing counties, is presented. In developing countries the value of environmental amenities is relatively less important than the value of environmental resources in the production process....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24144

A REVIEW OF ECOSYSTEM VALUATION TECHNIQUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carson,   Rebecca M.; Bergstrom,   John C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16651

A REVIEW OF FOOD SECURITY AND HUMAN NUTRITION ISSUES IN NEPAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shively,   Gerald E.; Gars,   Jared; Sununtnasuk,   Celeste.
Nepal faces multiple development challenges, including chronic and widespread food insecurity and adult and child malnutrition. Due to population growth, agricultural stagnation and a range of institutional failures, the threat of a serious food crisis in Nepal is substantial. The recent scaling back of WFP assistance means that food security conditions in some parts of Nepal will undoubtedly worsen in the near future. This paper presents a brief review of topics and available evidence regarding food security, malnutrition and related subjects in Nepal. It is intended to document important source material and provide an overview of topics for non-specialists or those moving into new areas of concern.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Health; Nutrition; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; I12; I31; O19; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116190

A REVIEW OF FOOD SUBSIDY RESEARCH AT IFPRI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farrar,   Curtis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16584

A Review of Household Poultry Production as a Tool in Poverty Reduction with Focus on Bangladesh and India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dolberg,   Frands.
This Working Paper for the South Asia regional hub of the Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative presents the case for using poultry, in very small units of 5-10 adult birds, as a means of alleviating the poverty of rural women in the region. Policies and procedures that affect the success of such initiatives are examined.  The author draws on personal experience and an extensive literature review. The main focus of the paper is a review of what is known as the Bangladesh Model. Emphasising that this is not a static model, the author explains its evolution by Bangladesh’'s largest NGO, BRAC, working with the government department responsible for livestock services. The main feature of the model is that the supply of inputs and services are turned into income...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pro-poor livestock policy; Livelihoods; Poultry; Poverty alleviation; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23762

A Review of Integrated Pollution Control Efforts in Selected Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hersh,   Robert.
This report describes the reasons why integrated pollution control (IPC) became accepted as a necessary part of the environmental regulatory systems of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden and examines the experience these countries have had with unified environmental statutes, alternative compliance approaches, cross-media permitting, and other aspects of IPC that are under consideration in this country. The report is organized into five sections. In the first section we provide a brief overview of the intellectual pedigree of integrated pollution control, and discuss arguments that have been put forward by advocates of IPC as well as the counter-arguments of those who have taken a more skeptical view of the technical and political feasibility...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integrated pollution control; European environmental policy; Environmental compliance and enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10792

A Review of Milk Production in Bangladesh with Particular Emphasis on Small-Scale Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hemme,   Torsten; Garcia,   Otto; Khan,   A.R.
The purpose of the study is to assess the economics of dairy farming in Bangladesh and the prospects for improving the dairy income for small-scale producers, which currently form the backbone of the dairy industry.  The document begins with a general overview of milk production in the country, followed by a detailed study of dairy farming in the in the northern district of Sirajganj. The study applies a method of farm-level economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of ‘'typical farms’'. Three farm types were identified as ‘'typical'’ in the district and were subjected to detailed analysis: A two cow farm with 0.4 ha of land, a ten cow farm with 1.6 ha of land and a 25 cow farm with 1.8 ha...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Costs of production; Bangladesh; Milk; Policy; Poverty reduction; Small scale dairy; Typical farms; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23774

A Review of Milk Production in India with Particular Emphasis on Small-Scale Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hemme,   Torsten; Garcia,   Otto; Saha,   Amit.
The current document begins with a general overview of milk production in India. This is followed by a detailed study of dairy farming in Haryana State, particularly of the small-scale producers owning two to four milking animals who form the majority. The purpose is to assess their prospects for earning more from dairy farming, and to identify which areas of intervention in terms of management or policy are likely to be most favourable to them, and whether they are vulnerable to international competition. A further objective has been to evaluate the methodology used.  The Review applies a method of economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of 'typical farms'. Four farm sizes were selected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23777

A Review of Milk Production in Pakistan with Particular Emphasis on Small-scale Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia,   Otto; Mahmood,   Kalid; Hemme,   Torsten.
The purpose of the study is to assess the economics of dairy farming in Pakistan and the prospects for improving the dairy income for small-scale producers, which currently form the backbone of the dairy industry.  The document begins with a general overview of milk production in the country, followed by a detailed study of dairy farming in the province of Punjab, with a particular focus on the small-scale producers. Preliminary estimates of the margins in the formal and informal market for liquid milk are provided.  The study applies a method of economic analysis developed by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) which is based on the concept of ‘typical farms’. Four farm types were selected to represent 'typical farms' in the province of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23782

A Review of Municipal Bond Issues in Michigan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scorsone,   Eric; Plerhoples,   Christina.
Municipal bonds have recently been of national interest and Michigan’s strained economy over the past decade has made bond issuance in the state of particular interest to a variety of stakeholders. Given the close connection between municipal bonds and property taxes, the fall-off in the housing market has placed significant strain on bonds within the state.  This paper reviews the Michigan municipal bond condition and develops a new debt assessment indicator system.  This system was tested using over 700 Michigan local governments. Based on this indicator system, a number of communities are experiencing significant fiscal stress.  However, further examination reveals that at least some of these communities have in place short term plans to address such...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Municipal bonds; Public finance; Regional economics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics; R5; R51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103093

A Review of Recent Studies on Cost Effectiveness of GHG Mitigation Measures in the European Agro-Forestry Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Povellato,   Andrea; Bosello,   Francesco; Giupponi,   Carlo.
Over the last twenty years, climate change has become an increasing concern for scientists, public opinions and policy makers. Due to the pervasive nature of its impacts for many important aspects of human life, climate change is likely to influence and be influenced by the most diverse policy or management choices. This is particularly true for those interventions affecting agriculture and forestry: they are strongly dependent on climate phenomena, but also contribute to climate evolution being sources of and sinks for greenhouse gases. This paper offers a survey of the existing literature assessing cost, effectiveness and efficiency of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies, or broader economic reforms, targeted to the agricultural and forestry sectors....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10268

A Review of Reports on Optimal Australian Dugong Populations and Proposed Action/Conservation Plans: An Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dugong; Conservation.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47942

A Review of the Literature on Telecommuting and Its Implications for Vehicle Travel and Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walls,   Margaret; Safirova,   Elena.
In this paper, we review 20 relatively recent empirical studies of telecommuting, all of which focus on the trip reduction perspective. The studies include earlier ones with smaller datasets, such as some pilot studies of individual employers, and more recent studies based on broader surveys of both telecommuters and nontelecommuters. We focus on the results of the studies with respect to participation and frequency of telecommuting, the effects on vehicle-miles-traveled (VMT) and trips, and in some cases, the impacts on emissions and air quality. Although there does not seem to be a consensus, there is a predominant view that certain factors increase both the likelihood of telecommuting and the frequency of telecommuting. These factors are having children...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Telecommuting; Mode choice; Air quality; Emissions; Labor and Human Capital; R4; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10492

A REVIEW OF ZIMBABWE’S AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC POLICIES: 1980 –2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poulton,   Colin; Davies,   Rob; Matshe,   Innocent; Urey,   Ian.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10922

A REVIEW WITH REFLECTIONS AND REMARKS ON HAYAMI-RUTTAN'S AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Adolf.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14233

A RISK PROGRAMMING APPROACH TO DESIGNING CONTRACTS TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chu,   Mei-Chin; Swinton,   Scott M.; Batie,   Sandra S.
As contractual agriculture expands, contract design offers a non-regulatory opportunity to reduce non-point source pollution.  A risk programming analysis of seed corn contract designs illustrates a tractable empirical principal-agent model, and shows that grower risk preferences affect contract acceptability and efficiency at reducing nitrate leaching.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11594

A ROAD AHEAD FROM CANCUN? WEIGHING UP SOME GIVE-AND-TAKE SCENARIOS IN A DDA SPIRIT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shakur,   Shamim; Rae,   Allan N.; Chatterjee,   Srikanta.
Given that around 20 percent of the members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) are identified as least developed countries (LDC's), global trade negotiations, resumed after the Cancun fiasco of September 2003, must address some major development issues in the spirit of the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), if they are to make any headway. This will, predictably, involve some sensible give-and-take not only between the developed countries and the LDC's, but also amongst the LDC's themselves, and between them and other developing countries. Issues of restrictions affecting agricultural trade - a major factor in the failure at Cancun - need re-addressing; but non-agricultural trade issues must also feature in the negotiations as that could make some...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23709

A Robust Multivariate Long Run Analysis of European Electricity Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosco,   Bruno; Parisio,   Lucia; Pelagatti,   Matteo; Baldi,   Fabio.
This paper analyses the interdependencies existing in wholesale European electricity prices. The results of a multivariate long run dynamic analysis of weekly median prices reveal the presence of a strong although not perfect integration among some neighboring markets considered in the sample and the existence of common long-term dynamics of electricity prices and gas prices but not oil prices. The existence of long-term dynamics among gas prices and electricity prices may prove to be important for long-term hedging operations to be conducted even in markets where there are no electricity derivatives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Electricity Prices; Cointegration; Interdependencies; Equilibrium Correction Model; Oil Prices; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C15; C32; D44; L94; Q40.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7438

A Safety Valve for Emissions Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.
This paper considers the optimal design of an emissions trading program that includes a safety valve tax that allows pollution sources to escape the emissions cap imposed by the aggregate supply of emissions permits. I demonstrate that an optimal hybrid emissions trading/emissions tax policy involves a permit supply that is strictly less than under a pure emissions trading scheme and a safety valve tax that exceeds the optimal pure emissions tax as long as expected marginal damage is an increasing function. While the expected level of emissions under a hybrid policy may be more or less than under pure emissions trading or a pure emissions tax, under the assumption that uncertainty about aggregate marginal abatement costs is symmetric the most likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Taxes; Emissions Trading; Uncertainty; Safety Valve; Hybrid Emissions Control; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53125

A Search Model for Joint Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bella,   Giovanni.
The aim of this paper is to present a search model in the field of environmental economics, where so-called clean and dirty producers enter the trading market, both looking for a partner with whom to exchange the goods they are endowed with. The model derived in this paper is rather simple. Nevertheless, it is able to produce a series of interesting results and useful insights, and is conveniently used here as a framework to explain the functioning of Joint Implementation programmes for polluting emissions’ reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Search theory; Market failures; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; O13; Q26.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54356

A SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS OF U.S. GROCERY STORE SHOPPERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mangaraj,   Sandeep; Senauer,   Benjamin.
Cluster analysis was used to conduct a segmentation analysis of U.S. supermarket shoppers.  This study is based on the responses of a sample of 1,000 shoppers concerning the importance of 21 store characteristics in selecting their primary grocery store for the Food Marketing Institute's 2000 consumer trends survey.  Stores must satisfy the attributes important to all consumers in order to be successful.  In order of importance, the four top characteristics are a clean/neat store, high quality produce, high quality meats and courteous, friendly employees.  The three key supermarket shopper segments identified are time-pressed convenience seekers, sophisticates, and middle Americans.  In order to cater to a particular consumer niche, a store must better...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14328

A Segmentation of U.S. Consumers on Attitudes Relating to Terrorism, and their Communication Preferences; Findings from a National Survey of Attitudes of U.S. Residents about Terrorism
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Degeneffe,   Dennis J.; Kinsey,   Jean D.; Stinson,   Thomas F.; Ghosh,   Koel.
In the light of lessons learned from recent disasters (The London Subway Bombings, and Hurricane Katrina), it has become clear that government and private organizations need to be prepared to communicate effectively with consumers before, during and after a disaster in order to minimize harm to consumers and to the nation.  Findings from a national survey of attitudes of U.S. Residents about terrorism provides information for the development of such communications.  Using "Predictive Segmentation" this study demonstrates that consumers can be grouped based on their general attitudes and values in such a way that their diversity can be captured in a simple framework of six segments reflecting striking differences with respect to their level of concern over...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14343

A Semi-Parametric Analysis of Technology, with an Application to U.S. Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de los Campos,   Gustavos; Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Gianola,   Daniel.
This article proposes a semi-parametric stochastic frontier model (SPSF) in which components of the technology and of technical efficiency are represented using semi-parametric methods and estimated in a Bayesian framework. The approach is illustrated in an application to US farm data. The analysis shows important scale economies for small and medium herds and constant return to scale for larger herds. With the exception of labor, estimates of marginal products were close to the value expected under profit maximization. Finally, the results suggest important opportunities to increase productivity through reductions in technical inefficiencies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92251

A Semi-Parametric Basis for Combining Estimation Problems Under Quadratic Loss
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judge,   George G.; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.
When  there  is  uncertainty  concerning  the  appropriate  statistical  model  to  use  in  representing the data sampling process and corresponding estimators, we consider a basis for optimally combining estimation  problems.    In the context of the multivariate linear  statistical model, we consider a semi-parametric  Stein-like (SPSL) estimator, ...that shrinks to a random data-dependent vector and, under quadratic loss, has superior performance relative to the conventional least squares estimator. The relationship of the SPSL estimator to the family of Stein estimators is noted and risk dominance extensions between correlated estimators are demonstrated.  As an application we consider the problem of a possibly ill-conditioned design matrix and devise...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stein-like shrinkage; Quadratic loss; Ill-conditioned design; Semiparametric estimation and inference; Data dependent shrinkage vector; Asymptotic and finite sample risk.; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Cl0; C24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25103

A Semiparametric Transformation Approach to Estimating Usual Daily Intake Distributions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nusser,   Sarah M.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.; Dodd,   Kevin W.; Fuller,   Wayne A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18678

A SIMPLE ANALYSIS OF ACREAGE RESPONSE TO SOME AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Danin,   Yigal.
The purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) To analyze the effect of some common agricultural programs on the planted area of a crop. This will be done with the framework of a simple model mostly by graphical methods. (b) To comment on an estimative procedure by which a support price, which is linked to acreage restrictions, is transformed to an "effective support price." Three programs will be analyzed, namely, unlinked support price, link support price and diversion payment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13889

A SIMPLE FRAMEWORK FOR DETERMINING THE FUNDAMENTAL AGRICULTURAL-USE VALUE OF MICHIGAN FARMLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.
There is considerable interest in the determination of farmland values.  Although alternative models exist, present value models have played a central role in recent studies of agricultural land markets.  Alston (1986) uses a present value model to examine the effects of inflation and real growth in net rental income on farmland prices (see also Melichar, 1979).  Present value models also underlie analysis of the dynamic behavior of farmland prices by Burt (1986); investigation of causality relations between farmland rents and prices by Phipps (1984); and analysis of the relationship between agricultural and nonagricultural land markets by Robison et al. (1985).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11641

A Simple Lagrange Multiplier F-Test for Multivariate Regression Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beatty,   Timothy K.M.; LaFrance,   Jeffrey T.; Yang,   Muzhe.
This paper proposes a straightforward, easy to implement approximate F-test which is useful for testing restrictions in multivariate regression models. We derive the asymptotics for our test statistic and investigate its finite sample properties through a series of Monte Carlo experiments. Both theory suggests and simulations confirm that our approach will result in strictly better inference than the leading alternative
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25074

A Simple Measure for Agricultural Trade Distortion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roningen,   Vernon O.; Dixit,   Praveen M.
A simple measure is proposed that estimates the volume of trade distortion caused by the agricultural policies of trading countries. The index, called a TDS (Trade Distorted by support), would be useful for trade analysts to compare the trade impact of agricultural support policies across countries and commodities. The TDS index can be calculated largely from existing information on agricultural support. A TDS index might also be used to assess damages in trade dispute settlement cases.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Indicators; Producer subsidy equivalent; Trade distortion; Trade models; Trade negotiations; Trade policy; GATT; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51137

A SIMPLE PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE EX-ANTE PRODUCER WELFARE UNDER PRICE UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
We propose a simple and tractable procedure for evaluating producer welfare under price uncertainty. These properties are achieved at the cost of assuming constant absolute risk aversion, where risk attitude depends on the stock of wealth but not on the flow of income. Numerical examples corroborate the procedure's properties; the validity of the constant absolute risk aversion case as an approximation is discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13624

A Simple Theory of Predation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fumagalli,   Chiara; Motta,   Massimo.
We propose a simple theory of predatory pricing, based on scale economies and sequential buyers (or markets). The entrant (or prey) needs to reach a critical scale to be successful. The incumbent (or predator) is ready to make losses on earlier buyers so as to deprive the prey of the scale it needs, thus making monopoly profits on later buyers. Several extensions are considered, including markets where scale economies exist because of demand externalities or two-sided market effects, and where markets are characterised by common costs. Conditions under which predation may take place in actual cases are also discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anticompetitive Behaviour; Exclusion; Below-Cost Pricing; Antitrust; Financial Economics; K21; L12; L40.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59420

A Simplified Method for Assessing Dietary Adequacy in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rose,   Donald; Tschirley,   David L.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Food consumption; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56034

A SIMULATION MODEL OF A POLITICAL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Glenn L.; Stenberg,   Peter L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14258

A SIMULATION-BASED APPROACH TO ASSESS THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY OF SMALLHOLDING IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN SOUTH AFRICA: CONCEPTUALISATION AND FIRST IMPLEMENTATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perret,   Sylvain R.; Touchain,   Emilie.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18052

A SLUGGISH DEMAND COULD BE AS POTENT AS TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN CREATING SURPLUS IN STAPLE PRODUCTION: THE CASE OF BANGLADESH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Raisuddin.
During the decade from 1982/83 through 1992/93, Bangladesh was able to increase production of rice, its staple food, at a rate modestly higher than the growth in population. However, the growth in per capita supply remained stagnant, because of the substitution of imports with domestic production. On the other hand, per capita income grew about 2 percent per annum. Nevertheless, the real price of rice declined about 2.7 percent annually. This decline in the rice price, on the face of a stagnant supply and increasing incomes, aroused suspicion whether income distribution has twisted against the poor who have a higher marginal propensity to consume rice compared to the rich. Three factors are identified that contributed to the decline in the rice price while...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91853

A Small-Sample Estimator for the Sample-Selection Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golan,   Amos; Moretti,   Enrico; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
A semiparametric estimator for evaluating the parameters of data generated under a sample selection process is developed. This estimator is based on the generalized maximum entropy estimator and performs well for small and ill-posed samples. Theoretical and sampling comparisons with parametric and semiparametric estimators are given. This method and standard ones are applied to three small-sample empirical applications of the wage-participation model for female teenage heads of households, immigrants, and Native Americans.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maximum entropy; Sample selection; Monte Carlo experiments; Labor and Human Capital; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25047

A Social Network Analysis of Occupational Segregation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van der Leij,   Marco J.; Buhai,   I. Sebastian.
We develop a social network model of occupational segregation between different social groups, generated by the existence of positive inbreeding bias among individuals from the same group. If network referrals are important for job search, then expected homophily in the contact network structure induces different career choices for individuals from different social groups. This further translates into stable occupational segregation equilibria in the labor market. We derive the conditions for wage and unemployment inequality in the segregation equilibria and characterize first and second best social welfare optima. Surprisingly, we find that socially optimal policies involve segregation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Networks; Homophily; Inbreeding Bias; Occupational Segregation; Labor Market Inequality; Social Welfare; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; J24; J31; J70; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6224

A Social Scientist's Perspective on the Potential Benefits of the Census of Marine Life
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanchirico,   James N.
Over 300 natural scientists in 53 nations are taking part in the Census of Marine Life (CoML) to investigate what lived, what lives, and what will live in the oceans. The CoML is a scientific experiment that is exploring the limits of ocean science. The paper discusses the potential applications of CoML research and the mechanisms by which the potential benefits can be measured and preserved. I recommend developing and integrating policy advisory committees with the natural science activities to both maximize the benefits of the research and to avoid unintended consequences.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Marine policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10739

A SOCIO-COGNITIVE BASIS FOR STRATEGIC GROUPS: COGNITIVE DISSONANCE IN SWINE GENETICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ng,   Desmond W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24130

A Socioeconomic Impact Analysis of Recreation at Lake Metigoshe, North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Helgeson,   Delmer L.; Holte,   Glenn J.
This report presents results covering the socioeconomic phase of an interdisciplinary study directed at an evaluation of the utilization and management of water resources in the Lake Metigoshe watershed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23193

A Socio-Economic Survey in the Province of Nampula: Agricultural Marketing in the Smallholder Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55987

A Socio-Economic Survey in the Province of Nampula: Cotton in the Smallholder Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Cotton; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55990

A Socio-Economic Survey of the Smallholder Sector in the Province of Nampula: Research Methods
Provedor de dados: 31
The decision was made to conduct a survey among smallholder households, which would be  as comprehensive as possible, given the limitations of personnel, timing and funding. This paper  discusses the research design and survey methods that were employed, as well as the rather unique  circumstances in which the study was implemented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55916

A Solution to Matching with Preferences over Colleagues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Echenique,   Federico; Yenmez,   Mehmet B.
We study many-to-one matchings, such as the assignment of students to colleges, where the students have preferences over the other students who would attend the same college. It is well known that the core of this model may be empty, without strong assumptions on agents' preferences. We introduce a method that finds all core matchings, if any exist. The method requires no assumptions on preferences. Our method also finds certain partial solutions that may be useful when the core is empty.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12174

A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF WATER QUANTITY MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ehemann,   Robert W.; Duke,   Joshua M.; MacKenzie,   John.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15821

A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC STAR MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO U.S. COUNTY ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1969–2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Holt,   Matthew T.
Spatial regression models incorporating non-stationarity in the regression coefficients are popular. We propose a spatial variant of the Smooth Transition AutoRegressive (STAR) model that is more parsimonious than commonly used approaches and endogenously determines the extent of spatial parameter variation. Uncomplicated estimation and inference procedures are demonstrated using a neoclassical convergence model for United States counties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial autoregression; Smooth transition; Spatial econometrics; STAR; GWR; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; C51; R11; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48117

A Spatial-Intertemporal Model for Tropical Forest Management Applied to Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albers,   Heidi J.
This paper discusses the application of a spatial-intertemporal model for tropical forest management to Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. This type of model, especially the spatial components, finds different optimal land allocations than do traditional models at empirically relevant levels of benefits. The spatial analysis here suggests that most of this park can be best used as a preserved area and also provides support for expanding the park into an adjacent unpopulated area. The analysis demonstrates that the park's benefits to regional agriculture and villagers are large enough that preservation can proceed without international support, and that local people, as a group, have incentives to maintain most of the area as preserved land. Although the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Parks; Protected areas; People-park conflict; Spatial; Biodiversity; Option value; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q15; O13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10751

A STANDARD COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL FOR SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thurlow,   James; van Seventer,   Dirk Ernst.
The paper reports on the construction and testing of a Standard International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) computable general equilibrium model for South Africa. A 1998 social accounting matrix (SAM) for South Africa is compiled using national accounts information and recently released supply-use tables. By updating to a recent year, and by distinguishing between producers and commodities, this SAM is an improvement on the existing SAM databases for South Africa. Furthermore, this SAM is made consistent with the requirements of IFPRI's standard comparative static computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. This model is then used to simulate the economy- wide impact of a range of hypothetical policy levers, including: increased government...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16279

A Stated Preference Analysis of International Commodity Marketing: South Korean Hotel Meat Buyers' Perceptions of Canadian Beef, US Beef and Australian Beef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unterschultz,   James R.; Quagrainie,   Kwamena K.; Veeman,   Michele M.; Kim,   Renee B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24081

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA LIGNITE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE STATE ECONOMY FOR 1996 AND PROJECTED FOR 1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Provides estimates of the lignite industry's contribution to the North Dakota economy, using key economic indicators such as retail trade activity, personal income, total business activity, employment, and tax revenues.  The estimates are based on actual industry expenditures for 1996 and projected expenditures for 1997. This analysis contains two measures of the relative importance of the lignite energy industry in North Dakota:  (1) the industry's share of the state's total sales to final demand (or exports) and (2)  the business volume generated by the industry is compared to the total gross business volume for the state.  Expenditures were obtained from a survey of firms involved in lignite-related activities (mining or conversion) in North Dakota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic impacts; Lignite (coal) mining; Lignite conversion; Input-output analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23079

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA LIGNITE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE STATE ECONOMY FOR 1997 AND PROJECTED FOR 1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Coon,   Randal C.
This report provides estimates of the lignite industry's contribution to the North Dakota economy, using key economic indicators such as retail trade activity, personal income, total business activity, employment, and tax revenues.  The estimates are based on actual industry expenditures for 1997 and projected expenditures for 1998. This analysis contains two measures of the relative importance of the lignite energy industry in North Dakota.  First, the industry's share of the state's total sales to final demand (or exports) is evaluated.  Second, the business volume generated by the industry is compared to the total gross business volume for the state.  Expenditures were obtained from a survey of firms involved in lignite-related activities (mining or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic impacts; Lignite (coal) mining; Lignite  conversion; Input-output analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23087

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA LIGNITE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE STATE ECONOMY FOR 1998 AND PROJECTED 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
This report provides estimates of the lignite industry's contribution to the North Dakota economy, using key economic indicators such as retail trade activity, personal income, total business activity, employment, and tax revenues. The estimates are based on actual industry expenditures for 1998 and projected expenditures for 1999. This analysis contains two measures of the relative importance of the lignite energy industry in North Dakota. First, the industry's share of the state's total sales to final demand (or exports) is evaluated. Second, the business volume generated by the industry is compared to the total gross business volume for the state. Expenditures were obtained from a survey of firms involved in lignite-related activities (mining or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic impacts; Lignite (coal) mining; Lignite conversion; Input-output analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23080

A Statistical Profile of Horticultural Crop Farm Industries in California
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Hyunok; Blank,   Steven C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11931

A STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SUGAR BEET- AND NAVY BEAN- BASED CROP ROTATIONS IN MICHIGAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Schwab,   Gerald; Harwood,   Richard R.; Christenson,   Donald; Bricker,   Calvin.
Sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and navy beans (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) have been important target crops in the crop rotation systems of many Michigan growers, particularly in the Saginaw Valley and the Thumb region.  The recent decline in sugar beet yields combined with the erratic navy bean yields have led to concern about the optimal crop rotation for the East Central region in Michigan.  Risk is an important consideration in a farmer's choice of cropping systems.  This study uses 20 years of experimental data from the Michigan State University Saginaw Valley Research Farm to determine the risk efficiency of alternative sugar beet- and navy bean- based crop rotations that included corn (Zea mays L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop rotation; Cropping system; Risk; Stochastic dominance analysis; First-degree stochastic dominance; Second-degree stochastic dominance.; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11509

A STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING MODEL OF DIRECT SUBSIDY PAYMENTS AND AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vercammen,   James.
A stochastic dynamic programming model is used to compare the farmland investment impact of a fully decoupled direct payment and a standard price subsidy.  The direct payment induces the farmer to invest because it lowers the farm's debt to asset ratio, which in turn reduces the probability of bankruptcy.  The value of the real option to defer the investment decision is lower with a lower risk of bankruptcy, and thus the direct payment results in a higher probability of immediate investment.  Simulation results demonstrate that for a farm facing moderate revenue and land price variability, the impact of a decoupled direct payment on farm investment is nearly as large as the investment impact of an equal-sized price subsidy.  These results suggest that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15847

A Stochastic Multiple Players Multi-Issues Bargaining Model for the Piave River Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sgobbi,   Alessandra; Carraro,   Carlo.
The objective of this paper is to investigate the usefulness of non-cooperative bargaining theory for the analysis of negotiations on water allocation and management. We explore the impacts of different economic incentives, a stochastic environment and varying individual preferences on players’ strategies and equilibrium outcomes through numerical simulations of a multilateral, multiple issues, non-cooperative bargaining model of water allocation in the Piave River Basin, in the North East of Italy. Players negotiate in an alternating-offer manner over the sharing of water resources (quantity and quality). Exogenous uncertainty over the size of the negotiated amount of water is introduced to capture the fact that water availability is not known with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bargaining; Non-Cooperative Game Theory; Simulation Models; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C71; C78.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7446

A Strategic Approach to Agricultural Research Program Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Crawford,   Eric W.; Howard,   Julie A.; Oehmke,   James F.; Shaffer,   James D.; Staatz,   John M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads May 2008-July 2009: 13.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11450

A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRIMER FOR FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.
This staff paper explains the basic process of strategic management.  This involves developing a vision of what you want your farm to be in the future, describing the farm's current mission, setting objectives, understanding your chosen industry and your farm's place within that industry, identifying the major advances of building and maintaining strategic advantage for your farm, crafting and testing a strategy for your farm, implementing that strategic plan, evaluating performance, reviewing new developments, and making corrective adjustments, as needed, in the plan and its implementation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13524

A STRATEGY FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND AND ITS MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Lee R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13794

A strong test of the von Liebig hypothesis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Geoghegan,   Jacqueline; Stohs,   Stephen M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corn; Production function; Von liebig; Wheat; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43911

A STRUCTURAL CHANGE ANALYSIS OF THE COST EFFICIENCY OF FARMS IN SCOTLAND 1989-2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Leat,   Philip M.K.; Milne,   Catherine E.
One of the aims of the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is to increase the competitiveness of farmers through increasing their exposure to markets. An aspect of competitiveness is the gains in economic efficiency. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to estimate indicators of farm efficiency for the period 1989 to 2008 by farm type and to analyse what the effect on efficiency of changes in the CAP has been. In terms of the methodology, the information used comes from the Scottish Farm Account Scheme (FAS) survey, which allows us to assemble panel dataset and to construct cost efficiency indicators. The results indicate while mixed farms and lowland farms have maintain their levels of efficiency. LFA farms have seen their efficiency reduced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm efficiency; Stochastic cost frontier; Scottish agriculture; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109398

A STUDY OF COSTS OF COMPLIANCE RELATED TO NON-POINT POLLUTION RULES FOR WISCONSIN CROP PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fortenbery,   T. Randall.
The non-point pollution rules proposed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) have generated questions regarding the costs of compliance for Wisconsin agriculture. It is clear that some agricultural practices will have to change if the proposed rules are enacted, but the costs of these changes are less clear. The DNR proposals include cost sharing for the introduction of best management practices, but constrain the cost share program to essentially out of-pocket expenses. In general, there is no compensation for costs associated with additional management time, or lost revenue. The purpose of this project is to generate a set of estimates relating to net costs of compliance for Wisconsin crop producers. The intent is to develop a baseline...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12639

A Study of Households in Iowa that Left the Food Stamp Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Helen H.; Garasky,   Steven B.; Wessman,   Cory; Nusser,   Sarah M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18656

A Study of Market-Wide Short-Selling Restrictions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charoenrook,   Anchada; Daouk,   Hazem.
This paper contributes empirical evidence to the on-going debate on short sales. Our examination of how market-wide short-sale restrictions affect aggregate market returns focuses on two main questions: What is the effect of short-sale restrictions on skewness, volatility, the probability of market crashes, and liquidity? What is the effect on the market expected return or cost of capital? We report new data on the history of short-selling and put option trading regulations and practices from 111 countries, and create a short-selling feasibility indicator for the analysis of stock market indices around the world. We find that when short-selling is possible, aggregate stock returns are less volatile and there is greater liquidity. When countries start to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Short-sale constraints; Stock returns; Cost of capital; International finance; Financial Economics; G15; G12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51180

A Study of Self-Reported and Actual BMI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Self-reported BMI; Actual BMI; Obese; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52987

A Study of the Demand for Medical Services in Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chung,   Rebecca H.; Lee,   Jonq-Ying; Brown,   Mark G.
This paper presents a version of the household production theory to explain the demand for health.  In this study we have explored the factors that influence the demand for medical services and medical expenditures in Taiwan.  A negative binomial model was used to study the demand for medical services.  We found that the demand for medical services and medical expenditures are related to household composition, household income, family size, occupation of the household head, and living environments.  In addition, we found higher usage of medical services on average for those households with medical insurances other than the national health insurance.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Medical service; Demand; Negative binomial model; Count data; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53389

A Study of the Factors that Influence Consumer Attitudes Toward Beef Products Using the Conjoint Market Analysis Tool
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mennecke,   Brian; Townsend,   Anthony M.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Lonergan,   Steven.
This study utilizes an analysis technique commonly used in marketing, the conjoint method, to examine the relative utilities of a set of beef steak characteristics considered by a national sample of 1,432 U.S. consumers, as well as additional localized samples representing undergraduate students at a business college and in an animal science department. The analyses indicate that among all respondents, region of origin is by far the most important characteristic; this is followed by animal breed, traceability, the animal feed used, and beef quality. Alternatively, the cost of cut, farm ownership, the non-use of growth promoters, and whether the product is guaranteed tender were the least important factors. Results for animal science undergraduates are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conjoint market analysis; Consumer preferences; Country of origin; Steak quality; Traceability; Transactions costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18539

A Study of the Impact of Ecotourism on Environmental Education and Conservation: The case of Turtle Watching at an Australian Site
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
The importance of environmental education as a component of ecotourism is highlighted.  The extent of environmental education and its impact on attitudes to conservation of sea turtles and actions by ecotourists to support such conservation as a result of their visits to Mon Repos Conservation Park (Queensland), an important marine turtle rookery, is examined.  To do this, results from 519 usable survey forms completed by ecotourists are analysed.  It is found that a considerable amount of environmental education is obtained by visitors and that this has positive and statistically significant impacts on their desire to protect sea turtles and their intended actions to do so.  The importance of the interaction of tourists with wildlife as a contributor to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Environmental education; Sea turtles; Sustainable tourism; Wildlife conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48365

A Study of the Role of Livestock in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blench,   Roger; Chapman,   Robert; Slaymaker,   Tom.
The current document examines how livestock features in the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) prepared by Heavily Indebted Poor Countries as they seek concessional lending from the World Bank and IMF.  An assessment has been made of the overall importance of livestock to the country's economy and to its population, especially the poor, and how accurately the PRSP reflects this. A ranking is given based on the quality of data presented in the PRSP and the degree to which considered and detailed strategies are put forward for reducing poverty through livestock-related measures.  Detailed case studies are presented for five countries: Niger, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Laos and Pakistan. These explore the role of livestock within the country and in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23776

A STUDY OF U.S. EXPORTS OF SOYBEANS AND SOYBEAN MEAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   Mary E.; Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13756

A Suggested Criterion for Selecting between E-V and Stochastic Dominance Analysis Tools
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wells,   Gary J.; Bauer,   Larry L.; Kaiser,   Eddie H.; Epperson,   James E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116873

A SUMMARY OF RESEARCH STUDIES ON THE COMMUNITY IMPACTS OF RAIL ABANDONMENT IN THE MIDWEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fruin,   Jerry E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14239

A SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE ON SHIFT-SHARE ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Selting,   Anne C.; Loveridge,   Scott.
Shift-share analysis is a method of decomposing regional income or employment growth patterns into expected (share) and differential (shift) components. Since its inception in the 1940s, over seventy academic contributions have criticized, defended, and extended the original concept. These contributions are summarized, and research needs for the future are identified.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14086

A SURVEY OF ANIMAL WASTE POLLUTION PROBLEMS ON U.S. DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buxton,   Boyd M.; Cummins,   David E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13350

A Survey of Literature on Genetically Modified Crops: Economics, Ethics and Society
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   R. McKay; Veeman,   Michele M.
This paper reports on a review of literature in the form of academic papers and published research on ethical and consumer issues for GM crops in North America, with particular emphasis on GM wheat. The issues raised in these papers and the findings and arguments posed by the authors are outlined. A general conclusion that can be drawn from this overview is that public attitudes toward GM foods are diverse and sometimes quite strongly held. The strong negative views of GM food held by some appear to be mainly grounded in individuals’ ethical or moral values. Ethical and risk assessment issues have not been fully explored in the existing literature. There is a general consensus in the applied economics literature that GM crops result in economic benefits,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I00; Q16; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7380

A survey of marine trash fish and fish meal as aquaculture feed ingredients in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edwards,   Peter; Tuan,   Le Anh; Allan,   Geoff L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118373

A Survey of Reproductive Management Strategies on US Commercial Dairy Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olynk,   Nicole J.; Wolf,   Christopher A.
Reproductive performance on the dairy farm affects the dairy’s profit because it directly affects milk production, the availability of replacements, the amounts of voluntary and involuntary culling, breeding costs, and costs associated with veterinary care (Britt, 1985).   Reproductive management programs selected for implementation differ across farms due to varying on-farm costs, such as labor costs, opportunity costs of management and labor, as well as facilities, farm goals and values, and management styles.  The objective of this paper is to summarize survey data in order to aid in providing economic insight into why varying types of farms utilize different methods of reproductive management and differing reproductive technologies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37049

A Survey of Rural People Transportation in Southwest Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hatch,   L. Upton; Easter,   K. William; Jensen,   Harald R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8447

A survey of the assessments of the effectiveness of Preferential Trade Agreements using gravity models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardamone,   Paola.
This paper reviews the empirical literature using a gravity model to assess the impact on trade of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) and provides a critical analysis of the choices made to carry out the estimations. With respect to the effectiveness of PTAs, the main result that emerges from the review is that PTAs tend to foster trade between the countries involved. However, two empirical issues appear relevant. First, the use of dummy variables to proxy PTAs does not adequately describe the preferences granted and can be misleading. Indeed, the use of dummies does not allow to discern among the different preferential trade policy instruments used as well as to measure the level of the trade preferences granted. As a result, dummies do not allow to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7282

A survey of the mineral status of livestock in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tashi,   Nyima; Xugang,   Luo; Shungxiang,   Yu; Judson,   Geoff.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118371

A SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: THE "SURFACE METRO" IN CURITIBA, BRAZIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rabinovitch,   Jonas; Hoehn,   John P.
This analysis examines an innovative approach to transportation policy in Curitiba, Brazil.  Curitiba is a city of 1.6 million residents that has grown fourfold in the last 30 years.  Unlike many cities, quality of life and transportation has not been a casualty of growth.  Curitiba's transportation system actively helps residents obtain the benefits of growth, including access to jobs, homes, recreation, and other elements of the urban community. Curitiba's transportation planning process is practical.  It recognizes financial and social constraints.  Curitiba began with buses because it had buses.  It began with a series of small improvements guided by a long-term plan.  It first added a modest express route system with dedicated bus lanes.  It sought...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11886

A SYSTEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF METROPOLITAN AREAS: THE CASE OF THE CENTRAL APULIA SYSTEM; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carbonara,   Sebastiano; de Fano,   Giovanna.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14359

A SYSTEMS APPROACH INCORPORATING SOIL TEST INFORMATION INTO SITE-SPECIFIC MANURE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Malzer,   Gary L.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
Replaced with revised version of paper 04/28/04.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28623

A SYSTEMS MODEL OF THE INDIRECT ENERGY EXPENDED IN FARM MACHINERY PRODUCTION AND USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bradford,   Garnett L.; Eidman,   Vernon R.; Jensen,   Harald R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13285

A Tale of Three Countries: Italian, Spanish and Swiss Manufacturing Operations in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gattai,   Valeria.
In this paper we investigate the choice of FDI versus joint-venture, made by Italian, Spanish and Swiss multinationals in China, as shaped by the risk of Dissipation of Intangible Assets. Probit estimates, based on an entirely new firm-level dataset, constructed by the author, show that FDI is more likely to emerge when know-how easily spills over - namely for firms endowed with more Intangible Assets or belonging to high tech sectors -  in line with the theoretical expectations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12104

A TALE OF TWO CLAMS: POLICY ANTICIPATION AND INDUSTRY PRODUCTIVITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brandt,   Sylvia J.
Sound environmental regulation must achieve environmental objectives while maximizing economic efficiency.  This paper evaluates the impact of regulation on efficiency by measuring annual productivity across regulatory regimes in two similar fisheries with differing policy expectations.  Anticipation of regulatory change produced strategic behavior in one fishery, leading to depressed productivity; in the other, regulatory change was not expected, and productivity did not suffer.  These results imply that fisheries regulation should take into account both firms' policy expectations and the potentially perverse incentives that may be created by policy change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14523

A Tale of Two Communities: Explaining Deforestation in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alix-Garcia,   Jennifer Marie; de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
Explaining land use change in Mexico requires understanding the behavior of the local institutions involved. We develop two theories to explain deforestation in communities with and without forestry projects, where the former involves a process of side payments to non-members of the community and the latter of partial cooperation among community members. Data collected in 2002 combined with satellite imagery are used to test these theories. For the forestry villages, we establish a positive relationship between the distribution of profits as dividends instead of public goods and forest loss. For communities not engaged in forestry projects, deforestation is largely related to the ability of the community to induce the formation of a coalition of members...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Common property; Partial cooperation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D70; H41; O13; N56; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25066

A Tale of Two Countries: Emissions Scenarios for China and India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Massetti,   Emanuele.
The aim of the paper is to present evidence that China and India are, and will remain, two very different actors in international negotiations to control global warming. We base our conclusions on historical data and on scenarios until 2050. The Business-as-Usual scenario (BaU) is compared to four Emissions Tax scenarios to draw insights on major transformations in energy use and in energy supply and to assess the possible contribution of China and India to a future international climate architecture. We study whether or not the Copenhagen intensity targets require more action than the BaU scenario and we assess whether the emissions reductions induced by the four tax scenarios are compatible with the G8 and MEF pledge to reduce global emissions by 50% in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; China; India; Energy Efficiency; Energy and Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q43; Q54; Q43; O53; P52.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101378

A Tale of Two Countries: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Rice Productivity in China and Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: You,   Liangzhi.
This paper examines differences in the spatial and temporal variations of rice yields in China and Brazil. Our analysis indicates that, in China, rice yields have converged over time and rice production has become increasingly homogeneous. In contrast, rice yields in Brazil have diverged over time, primarily due to variations in upland rice yields. Three hypothetical explanations may account for the different behaviors of rice yields in Brazil and China, namely: 1) differences in production systems (i.e. irrigated in China vs. upland in Brazil); 2) changes in rainfall patterns; and 3) bias in agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) towards irrigated rice. Our empirical analysis supports the first two hypotheses by establishing that: 1) upland rice...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rice productivity; Spatial convergence; Technology spillover; China; Brazil; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42333

A Tale of Two Market Failures: Technology and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaffe,   Adam B.; Newell,   Richard G.; Stavins,   Robert N.
Market failures associated with environmental pollution interact with market failures associated with the innovation and diffusion of new technologies. These combined market failures provide a strong rationale for a portfolio of public policies that foster emissions reduction as well as the development and adoption of environmentally beneficial technology. Both theory and empirical evidence suggest that the rate and direction of technological advance is influenced by market and regulatory incentives, and can be cost-effectively harnessed through the use of economicincentive based policy. In the presence of weak or nonexistent environmental policies, investments in the development and diffusion of new environmentally beneficial technologies are very likely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technology; Research and development; Environment; Externality; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O38; Q28; H23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10815

A Taxonomy of Myopic Stability Concepts for Hedonic Games
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sung,   Shao Chin; Dimitrov,   Dinko.
We present a taxonomy of myopic stability concepts for hedonic games in terms of deviations, and discuss the status of the existence problems of stable coalition tructures. In particular, we show that contractual strictly core stable coalition tructures always exist, and provide sufficient conditions for the existence of contractually Nash stable and weak individually stable coalition structures on the class of separable games.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12168

A Technology Assessment of Commercial Corn Production in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Menz,   Kenneth M.; Neumeyer,   Catherine F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51106

A Term Structure Model for Commodity Prices: Does Storability Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Chuanyi; Roberts,   Matthew C.
Econometric models of commodity prices have been estimated for more than 80 years, but both structural and time series models require ad hoc assumptions to capture all the features of commodity price series. Commodities can be broadly divided into two categories: storable and non-storable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of storability on commodity futures pricing, especially whether meats can be reasonably approximated by storable commodity term structure models. From the empirical analysis of seven commodity futures prices, the two-factor Schwartz model is found to perform well for less storable commodities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18993

A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO THE VALUE OF INFORMATION IN RISKY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antonovitz,   Frances; Roe,   Terry L.
The theory of the competitive firm under price uncertainty is used to develop a money metric of a producer's willingness to pay for additional information. This concept is extended to the market by formulating ex-ante and ex-post measures of the value of a rational expectations forecast. The empirical feasibility of these measures are demonstrated by application to a simple two equation model of an agricultural market.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13467

A Theory of Firm Decline
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gian Luca,   Clementi; Cooley,   Thomas; Di Giannatale,    Sonia.
We study the problem of an investor that buys an equity stake in an entrepreneurial venture, under the assumption that the former cannot monitor the latter’s operations. The dynamics implied by the optimal incentive scheme is rich and quite different from that induced by other models of repeated moral hazard. In particular, our framework generates a rationale for firm decline. As young firms accumulate capital, the claims of both investor (outside equity) and entrepreneur (inside equity) increase. At some juncture, however, even as the latter keeps on growing, invested capital and firm value start declining and so does the value of outside equity. The reason is that incentive provision is costlier the wealthier the entrepreneur (the greater is inside...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Principal Agent; Moral Hazard; Hidden Action; Incentives; Survival; Firm Dynamics; Financial Economics; D82; D86; D92; G32.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92788

A Theory of Migration as a Response to Occupational Stigma
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Fan,   C. Simon.
Drawing on the literature of occupational status and social distance, a theory is developed of labor migration that is prompted by a desire to avoid “social humiliation.” A closed-economy general equilibrium model that incorporates occupational status and examines the interaction between the goods market and the labor market is constructed. This framework is then extended from a closed, single economy to an open economy setting in a world that consists of two countries or two regions. It is shown that as long as migration can reduce humiliation sufficiently, migration will occur even between two identical economies. Hence, a new model of migration is presented in which migration arises from a wish to reap social exposure gains. The model shows that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Social distance; Occupational status; Social exposure gains; General equilibrium; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J61; R23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55363

A Theory of Strategic Diffusion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goyal,   Sanjeev; Galeotti,   Andrea.
The important role of friends, neighbors and colleagues in shaping individual choices has been brought out in a number of studies over the years. The presence of significant ‘local’ influence in shaping individual behavior suggests that firms, governments and developmental agencies should explicitly incorporate it in the design of their marketing and developmental strategies. This paper develops a framework for the study of optimal strategies in the presence of social interaction. We focus on the case of a single player who exerts costly effort to get a set of individuals – engaged in social interaction – to choose a certain action. Our formulation allows for different types of social interaction (ranging from sharing of information to direct adoption...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social Interaction; Seeding the Network; Word of Mouth Communication; Diffusion Strategy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D8; L15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9096

A THEORY ON INFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE EFFECT OF LABELING ON FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sexton,   Richard J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13450

A TIME OF PLENTY, A WORLD OF NEED: THE ROLE OF FOOD AID IN 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Webb,   Patrick.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16381

A TIME-SEQUENCED APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF OPTION VALUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Graham-Tomasi,   Theodore.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13254

A Total Factor Productivity Index for Scottish Agriculture 1973-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   Andrew Peter.
Thirtle et al (2003) have provided a Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index for UK agriculture. This note follows a similar methodology to construct a TFP index for Scottish agriculture beginning in 1973 and ending in 2004. Essentially, Scottish agricultural growth grew strongly during the 1970s but then fell to negative levels over the period 1984-2004. In comparison to the UK Index, Scotland has performed poorly and is only showing signs of a positive recovery from 2000 onwards.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45989

A Trade Area Analysis of Wisconsin Counties: Updated for 2010
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.
For updated Trade Area Analysis (TAA) of Wisconsin counties we use the sales tax data as reported by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue for 2010. Only those counties that have elected to collect the optional county sales tax are included in the analysis. Because sales tax data are used one must keep in mind that the analysis focuses only on taxable sales and may not reflect the total level of activity in the county. Using Pull Factors and measures of Surplus and Leakage the relative strengths, and weaknesses, of local retail and service markets are identified. Changes in Pull Factors from 2005 to 2010 are provided to gain insights into growing and declining sectors. Finally, an update of simple Wisconsin retail market thresholds estimates (i.e., number of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116707

A TRADE NETWORK GAME WITH ENDOGENOUS PARTNER SELECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesfatsion,   Leigh.
This paper develops a Trade Network Game (TNG) that combines evolutionary game play with endogenous partner selection. Resource-constrained buyers and sellers choose and refuse trade partners on the basis of continually updated expected payoffs. Partner selection takes place in accordance with a "deferred choice and refusal" mechanism that is shown to have interesting stability, optimality, and uniqueness properties.  The iterated prisoner's dilemma strategies used by buyers and sellers to conduct their trades are evolved over time via a genetic algorithm that biases reproduction in favor of strategies that have been successful in past trades.  The TNG is shown to encompass a variety of economic applications, such as job search games, labor markets...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade networks; Evolutionary game; Optimal search; Endogenous interactions; Iterated prisoner's dilemma; Multi-armed bandit game; Assignment game; Preferential partner matching; Genetic algorithm; Artificial life; Criterion filtering; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18191

A Trade Regime for Sub-National Exports Under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loppacher,   Laura J.; Kerr,   William A.; Barichello,   Richard R.
Regulations relating to disease management have traditionally been an important component of the overall environment in which international trade in agriculture products occurs. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) allows members to restrict or prohibit imports from a country when imported products present a risk to human, animal or plant health or life. As the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, also commonly called Mad Cow disease in the media) outbreak in Canada showed, the disease status of a country is a major competitive advantage and losing disease-free status can impose significant costs on an industry. The risks associated with SPS-based border closures were not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24166

A Trade Regime for Sub-National Exports Under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loppacher,   Laura J.; Kerr,   William A.; Barichello,   Richard R.
Regulations relating to disease management have traditionally been an important component of the overall environment in which international trade in agriculture products occurs. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) allows members to restrict or prohibit imports from a country when imported products present a risk to human, animal or plant health or life. As the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, also commonly called Mad Cow disease in the media) outbreak in Canada showed, the disease status of a country is a major competitive advantage and losing disease-free status can impose significant costs on an industry. The risks associated with SPS-based border closures were not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24152

A Trend Deduction Model of Fluctuating Oil Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Haiyan; Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
Crude oil prices have been fluctuating over time and by a large range. It is the disorganization of oil price series that makes it difficult to deduce the changing trends of oil prices in the middle- and long-terms and predict their price levels in the short-term. Following a price-state classification and state transition analysis of changing oil prices from January 2004 to April 2010, this paper first verifies that the observed crude oil price series during the soaring period follow a Markov Chain. Next, the paper deduces the changing trends of oil prices by the limit probability of a Markov Chain. We then undertake a probability distribution analysis and find that the oil price series have a log-normality distribution. On this basis, we integrate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil Price; Log-normality Distribution; Limit Probability of a Markov Chain; Trend Deduction Model; OPEC; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q41; Q47; C12; C49; F01; O13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101300

A Two Stage Model of the Demand For Specialty Crop Insurance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.
Proposals for reform of the federal multiple-peril crop insurance program for specialty crops seek to change fees for catastrophic (CAT) insurance from a nominal fifty-dollar per contract registration fee to an actuarially sound premium. Growers argue that this would cause a significant reduction in participation rates, thus impeding the program's goals of eventually obviating the need for ad hoc disaster payments and worsening the actuarial soundness of the program. The key policy issue is, therefore, empirical one - whether the demand for specialty crop insurance is elastic or inelastic. Previous studies of this issue using either grower or county-level field crop data typically treat the participation problem as either a discrete insure / don't insure...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: California; Crop insurance; Discrete/continuous choice; Grapes; Multinomial logit.; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28546

A TWO-STEP ESTIMATOR FOR A SPATIAL LAG MODEL OF COUNTS: THEORY, SMALL SAMPLE PERFORMANCE AND AN APPLICATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Brown,   Jason P.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
Several spatial econometric approaches are available to model spatially correlated disturbances in count models, but there are at present no structurally consistent count models incorporating spatial lag autocorrelation. A two-step, limited information maximum likelihood estimator is proposed to fill this gap. The estimator is developed assuming a Poisson distribution, but can be extended to other count distributions. The small sample properties of the estimator are evaluated with Monte Carlo experiments. Simulation results suggest that the spatial lag count estimator achieves gains in terms of bias over the aspatial version as spatial lag autocorrelation and sample size increase. An empirical example deals with the location choice of single-unit start-up...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Count model; Location choice; Manufacturing; Poisson; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C21; C25; D21; R12; R30.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59780

A Typical Scene: Five Exposures to Poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
Over the past decade, I have been involved with an “Exposure and Dialogue Program” (EDP), which literally exposes analysts and policy makers to the lived reality of poor women’s lives by getting them to spend a few days experiencing that life. After each EDP, participants are encouraged to write up their experiences in the form of “personal” and “technical” notes. This compendium brings together the personal notes I did for my five exposures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exposures to Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48921

A Typology for Vulnerability and Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Rockmore,   Marc; Chamberlin,   Jordan.
This paper considers vulnerability reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from a more aggregated macro viewpoint. We focus on risk related to agriculture, since vulnerability and agriculture are intimately linked in SSA due to the location of the poor, their dependence on agriculture and the inherent risks of an agricultural livelihood. We argue that agricultural growth is one of the most effective means for improving permanent incomes and reducing vulnerability. However, agriculture is not homogeneous, and the inherent risks vary across countries and regions. Therefore, we also discuss appropriate investment strategies and policy instruments for different sets of risks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Vulnerability; Typology; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42365

A UNIFIED APPROACH TO SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN EQUILIBRIUM DISPLACEMENT MODELS: COMMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffiths,   William E.; Zhao,   Xueyan.
It is pointed out that the Chebychev confidence intervals and maximum p-values advocated by Davis and Espinoza for sensitivity analysis of equilibrium displacement models are unnecessary. Desired probability intervals and probabilities can be accurately estimated without resorting to gross approximations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Simulation; Probability distributions; Empirical quantiles; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12950

A Unified Framework for Measuring Preferences for Schools and Neighborhoods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayer,   Patrick; Ferreira,   Fernando; McMillan,   Robert.
This paper sets out a framework for estimating household preferences over a broad range of housing and neighborhood characteristics, some of which are determined by the way that households sort in the housing market. This framework brings together the treatment of heterogeneity and selection that has been the focus of the traditional discrete choice literature with a clear strategy for dealing with the correlation of unobserved neighborhood quality with both school quality and neighborhood sociodemographics. We estimate the model using rich data on a large metropolitan area, drawn from a restricted version of the Census. The estimates indicate that, on average, households are willing to pay an additional one percent in house prices - substantially lower...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capitalization; Local public goods; School quality; Discrete choice models; Hedonic price regression; Education demand; Labor and Human Capital; D58; H0; H4; H7; I2; R21; R31.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28513

A USER'S GUIDE FOR PVBUDGET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Earl I.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13259

A User's Guide to SIDE (Software for Intake Distribution Estimation)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Novenario,   Mary Jane.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18642

A USER'S GUIDE TO SMALLP - VERSION 7.0 A MICRO-COMPUTER BASED MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Earl I.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13499

A value chain and cluster perspective on competitiveness of European fresh vegetable production – Case studies from Germany, Italy, and Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Riedel,   Bettina.
In the present study we combine cluster theory with a value chain approach, with the aim of discovering elements of the European fresh vegetable business that could enable local producers to gain competitive advantages in a global market.  European producers of fresh vegetables are under pressure to improve their performance and increase their competitiveness. Competitive advantage can be gained through innovation and by using unique resources stemming from cooperation between producers and complementary actors in local clusters. However, locally clustered producers do not sell to open markets but need access to value chains governed by lead firms, the large European retail chains, which set the rules and conditions of participation.  The study presents...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fresh vegetables; Value chains; Clusters; Competitiveness; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54094

A Visual Approach to Community Bank Assessment of Agricultural Portfolio Risk Exposure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pederson,   Glenn D.; Chu,   Yu-Szu; Richardson,   D. Wynn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115673

A Weak Bargaining Set for Contract Choice Problems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lahiri,   Somdeb.
In this paper, we consider the problem of choosing a set of multi-party contracts, where each coalition of agents has a non-empty finite set of feasible contracts to choose from. We call such problems, contract choice problems. The main result of this paper states that every contract choice problem has a non-empty weak bargaining set. The need for  such a solution concept which is considerably weaker than the core arises, since it is well known that even for very simple contract choice problems, the core may be empty. We also show by means of an example that the bargaining set due to Mas-Colell (1989), as well as a weaker version of it, may be empty for contract choice problems, thereby implying that the weakening we suggest is in some ways “tight”
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12167

A Welfare Analysis of the U.S. Ethanol Subsidy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Du,   Xiaodong; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Baker,   Mindy L.
Based on a transparent analytical model of multiple markets including corn, ethanol, gasoline, and transportation fuel, this study estimates the welfare changes for consumers and producers resulting from ethanol production and related support polices in 2007. The welfare estimation takes into account the second-best gain from eliminating loan deficiency payments. The results suggest the total social cost is about $0.78 billion for given market parameters. We validate the model’s underlying assumption and test for the results’ sensitivity to assumed parameters.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer surplus; Deadweight loss; Ethanol; Subsidy; Substitution.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44538

A western perspective on Kautilya's 'Arthasastra': Does it provide a basis for economic science?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In Arthasastra, Kautilya shows a knowledge of basic economics that had no parallels in Western economic thought until the publication of Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations in 1776. Although the king was at the centre of the body politic in Kautilya’s time, Kautilya makes it clear that the king is bound by an implicit social contract and that the ultimate objective of the king, in economic and other affairs, should be to benefit his subjects. Their happiness or welfare should be the prime objective of State policy. As pointed out here, Kautilya’s conception of economics was superior to that of the Mercantilists and the Physiocrats. Given the central position of the Mauryan State in directing economic activity and providing security, the importance of adequate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Arthasastra; Agent-and-principle problems; Market-making; Urban-bias; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90523

A WHITE PAPER ON THE RELEVANCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR THE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (CANR)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Robison,   Lindon J.
Social capital is about relationships that are often based on earned or inherited kernels of commonality.  Social capital raises the ethical question of when relationships should be allowed to influence outcomes.  The essential theory underlying the social capital paradigm is that relationships of sympathy or social capital influence almost every interpersonal transaction.  Since interpersonal transactions occur in many settings, the study of social capital is multi-disciplinary and interested in such diverse topics as charitable giving, leadership development, educational achievements, migration patterns, formation of cooperatives, how people care for the environment, diffusion of technology, advertising, economic development, family integrity, flow of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11484

A Yield Sensitivity Analysis of Conventional and Alternative Whole-Farm Budgets for a Typical Northeast Kansas Farm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diebel,   Penelope L.; Llewelyn,   Richard V.; Williams,   Jeffery R.
This analysis compares net returns of conventional and alternative agricultural cropping systems in northeast Kansas, with and without government commodity programs. The highest net return is consistently from the alternative system, wheat/clover-sorghum-soybeans. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the economic performances of the alternative systems are sensitive to yield penalties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118165

Abatement and Allocation in the Pilot Phase of the EU ETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Barry; Di Maria,   Corrado; Convery,   Frank J.
We use historical industrial emissions data to assess the level of abatement and overallocation that took place across European countries during the pilot phase (2005-2007)of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Using a dynamic panel data model, we estimate the counterfactual (business-as-usual) emissions scenario for EU member states. Comparing this baseline to allocated and verified emissions, we conclude that both overallocation and abatement occurred, along with under-allocation and emissions inflation. Over the three trading years of the pilot phase we find over-allocation of approximately 376 million EUAs (6%) and total abatement at the member state level of 107 Mt CO2 (1.8%). However, due to over-allocation and possible uncertainty about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading Scheme; Climate Policy; Dynamic Panel Data Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; O13; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55831

Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Lipper,   Leslie.
Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Climate Policy; Carbon Sequestration Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57; O1; O13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9324

Abatement costs for agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus loads: a case study of South-Western Finland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koikkalainen,   Kauko; Laukkanen,   Marita; Helin,   Janne.
Designing efficient agri-environmental policies for agricultural nutrient load reductions calls for information on the costs of emission reduction measures. This study develops an empirical framework for estimating abatement costs for nutrient loading from agricultural land. Nitrogen abatement costs and the phosphorus load reductions associated with nitrogen abatement are derived for crop farming in southern Finland. The model is used to evaluate the effect of the Common Agricultural Policy reform currently underway on nutrient abatement costs. Results indicate that an efficiently designed policy aimed at a 50 % reduction in agricultural nitrogen load would cost $25 to $28 million, or $1995 to $2197 per farm.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11867

Abatement Technology and the Environment-Growth Nexus with Education
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This article challenges the conventional result that a tighter environmental tax has no long-run effect on human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final output production. It demonstrates that the technology used in the abatement sector determines the existence and the direction of the growth-effect. A tighter environmental tax rises (respectively reduces) human capital accumulation in the presence of pollution arising from final production, if the abatement sector is relatively more intensive in human (resp. physical) capital than final sector. That result always holds for finite lifetime but for infinite lifetime it only holds when labor supply is endogenous. The transitional impact of a tighter environmental policy is also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth; Environment; Overlapping Generations; Human Capital; Abatement; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q5; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101379

Absolute Abundance and Relative Scarcity: Announced Policy, Resource Extraction, and Carbon Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Maria,   Corrado; Smulders,   Sjak; van der Werf,   Edwin.
We study the effectiveness of climate change policy in a model with multiple non-renewable resources that differ in their carbon content. We find that, when allowing some time between announcement and implementation of a cap on carbon dioxide emissions, emissions from non-renewable energy sources increase at the time of announcement. There are two channels behind this effect. First, since a binding constraint on emissions restricts energy use during some period of time, more must be extracted during other periods. Second, since low carbon energy sources are relatively more valuable when the policy is implemented, it is optimal to conserve them ahead of enforcement. This might induce a switch to high-carbon resources before the policy is implemented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Non-renewable Resources; Announcement Effects; Scarcity; Order of Extraction; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46626

Accelerating Africa's Structural Transformation Lessons from East Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.; Johnson,   Bruce F.
In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa at present, the majority of the population is engaged in agriculture, with economies in the very early stages of structural transformation - the process whereby a predominantly agrarian economy is transformed into a diversified and productive economy dominated by manufacturing and services. These countries are characterized by low levels of farm productivity, limited growth of non-farm employment and high rates of population growth. This paper focuses on the factors involved in fostering a country’s structural transformation. This process of transformation has many dimensions. Among these we emphasize interactions between four factors: increased agricultural productivity, rural industrialization, the expansion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Industrialization; Developing Countries; East Asia; International Development.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97383

Accelerating Growth and Structural Transformation: Ghana’s Options for Reaching Middle-Income Country Status
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Diao,   Xinshen; Thurlow,   James; Yu,   Bingxin; Kolavalli,   Shashidhara.
Ghana is an emerging success story in Africa and in a couple of years will become the first African country to achieve the first Millennium Development Goal of halving its national poverty rate. The government of Ghana has therefore extended its development vision and recently declared the goal of reaching middle-income-country (MIC) status by 2015. To analyze possible pathways and implications of achieving MIC status, this paper examines other countries’ experiences on their way to becoming MICs and emphasizes the important role of growth acceleration, export diversification, and economic structural change in the transformation process. The paper further analyzes Ghana’s growth options and their structural implications using a dynamic computable general...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Growth and development; Middle income country; Applied general equilibrium modeling; Ghana; Africa; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42347

Access to Dynamic Markets for Small Commercial Farmers: The Case of Potato Production in the Peruvian Andes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier; Torero,   Maximo.
The purpose of this study is twofold. On one hand, the objective is to assess the impact of new and more complex contracting schemes, as opposed to traditional marketing channels, on small farmers’ welfare. On the other hand, the study explores which may be the critical factors that determine the small farmers’ participation in these institutional arrangements. In this context, two critical factors are stressed. The first one has to do with access to credit and the second one is the size of the agricultural plot. In order to examine the decision of farmers to access the dynamic markets, the paper follows the study of Lapar et al (2003). The paper also follows impact evaluation techniques to identify the differences in the performance of farmers with access...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Potato production; Market access; Small farmers; Contract farming; Access to credit; Dynamic markets; Impact evaluation; Income growth; Transaction costs; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58570

Access to Land and Poverty Reduction in Rural Zambia: Connecting the Policy Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Zulu,   Ballard; Kajoba,   Gear; Weber,   Michael T.
Key Policy Message: - Despite having relatively low population densities, inadequate access to land is one of the major causes of rural poverty in Zambia. - The apparent paradox of inadequate access to land for many rural households in a country of low population density is partially reconciled when taking into account that economically viable arable land requires at least some degree of access to basic services, water, road infrastructure, and markets. The basic public investments to make settlement economically viable have yet been made in many areas of Zambia. - Depending of future land allocation policy, access to good quality land with a market potential may become increasingly beyond the reach of many small-scale farm households, making it more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Food security; Land; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Q18; Q15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55054

ACCESSING OTHER PEOPLE'S TECHNOLOGY: DO NON-PROFIT AGENCIES NEED IT? HOW TO OBTAIN IT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nottenburg,   Carol; Pardey,   Philip G.; Wright,   Brian D.
As patents and other forms of intellectual property become more pervasive in the next generation of biotechnologies, designing policies and practices to ensure sufficient freedom to operate (i.e., the ability to practice or use an innovation) will be crucial for non-profit agencies in the developed and developing world, especially those intent on developing improved seed varieties and other technologies destined for commercial release. Are non-profits exempt from intellectual property claims? What constitutes infringement of a patent? How does a non-profit establish its freedom to operate? We address these issues in this paper and evaluate various options for accessing other people’s technologies. Options include cross- licensing agreements, research-only...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research; Agricultural biotechnologies; Patents; Intellectual property; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16099

Accession of the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to the European Union: Impacts on Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Frank H.; Beghin,   John C.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fang,   Cheng; Kaus,   Phillip J.
Using a world agricultural multimarket model, we analyze the consequences of enlargement of the European Union (EU) to include the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland for agricultural markets. We produce a market outlook through the year 2010 for two enlargement scenarios, which are based on different assumptions regarding the restrictions on grain and dairy production in the acceding countries. In both scenarios, accession of the three Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) leads to a permanent but moderate decrease in EU prices for virtually all commodities. For the three acceding CEECs, domestic prices increase dramatically. Their final consumption of agricultural products decreases in most instances, while production rises. Higher domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CAP; Economic integration; EU enlargement; Agricultural trade; Czech Republic; Hungary; Poland; Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18388

Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Austin,   David H.
Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on the polluter will induce firms to handle hazardous wastes properly and to avoid disposing them into the environment. Economic theory and a few well-publicized cases, however, suggest that a number of factors may dilute the incentives posed by strict liability. In this paper, we run regressions relating unintended releases of pollution into the environment (aggregated at the state level, and followed over nine years from 1987 to 1995) to the imposition of strict liability on the polluter, exploiting variation across states in the liability provisions of their mini-Superfund laws, and in the years these were adopted. We experiment with instrumental variable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict liability; Toxic spills; Policy endogeneity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; C33; K32.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10450

Accidents Waiting to Happen: Liability Policy and Toxic Pollution Releases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Austin,   David H.
Proponents of environmental policies based on liability assert that strict liability imposed on polluters induces firms to handle hazardous wastes properly. We run regressions relating unintended pollution releases to strict liability imposed on polluters, exploiting variation across states and over time in the liability provisions of state mini-Superfund laws. Strict liability reduces the frequency and severity of pollution releases, provided it is modeled endogenously with the latter. Its effects vary with firm size. Partially sheltered from liability, small firms may have specialized in riskier production processes, but their number has not necessarily grown in response to the states' liability policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict liability; Negligence; Hazardous waste; State environmental policy; Endogenous policy adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D72; K13.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10518

Accountability in Government and Regulatory Policies: Theory and Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerriero,   Carmine.
Revised version of paper added 01/16/09
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Election; Agency; Judges; Regulation; Electricity; K23; L51; Q43.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37849

ACCOUNTING FOR FOREST RESOURCES IN ZIMBABWE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mabugu,   Ramos E.; Chitiga,   Margaret.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18021

Accounting for Product Substitution in the Analysis of Food Taxes Targeting Obesity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miao,   Zhen; Beghin,   John C.; Jensen,   Helen H.
We extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. First, we incorporate the implicit substitution between sugar and fat nutrients implied by a complete food demand system and by conditioning on how food taxes affect total calorie intake. Second, we propose a methodology that accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low-fat and low-sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. This substitution is integrated into a demand system in addition to substitution among food groups. Simulations of a tax on added sugars show that the impact of the tax on consumption patterns is understated and the effect on welfare loss overstated when abstracting from this substitution within food groups.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discretionary calories; Fat; Food demand; Health policy nutrition; Low-fat; Low-sugar substitutes; Obesity; Sugar; Sweeteners; Tax.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97927

Accounting for Respondent Uncertainty to Improve Willingness-to-Pay Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moore,   Rebecca; Bishop,   Richard C.; Provencher,   Bill; Champ,   Patricia A.
In this paper we develop an econometric model of willingness to pay that integrates data on respondent uncertainty regarding their own willingness to pay. The integration is utility consistent and does not involve calibrating the contingent responses to actual payment data, and so the approach can “stand alone”. In an application to a valuation study related to whooping crane restoration, we find that this model generates a statistically lower expected WTP than the standard CV model. Moreover, the WTP function estimated with this model is not statistically different from that estimated using actual payment data, suggesting that when properly analyzed using data on respondent uncertainty, contingent valuation decisions can simulate actual payment decisions....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92233

Accounting for Uncertainty Affecting Technical Change in an Economic-Climate Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Drouet,   Laurent.
The key role of technological change in the decline of energy and carbon intensities of aggregate economic activities is widely recognized. This has focused attention on the issue of developing endogenous models for the evolution of technological change. With a few exceptions this is done using a deterministic framework, even though technological change is a dynamic process which is uncertain by nature. Indeed, the two main vectors through which technological change may be conceptualized, learning through R&amp;D investments and learning-by-doing, both evolve and cumulate in a stochastic manner. How misleading are climate strategies designed without accounting for such uncertainty? The main idea underlying the present piece of research is to assess and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12143

Accounting of agricultural and nonagricultural impacts of irrigation and drainage Systems: A report of research in Taiwan and Sri Lanka in 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
This paper is a collaborative research between the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the Agricultural Engineering Research Centre of Taiwan. This study contributes to IWMI’s program on the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. The research in 2003 consists of two components. First, research in Taiwan continues on estimating the positive and negative externalities of paddy-rice production. Second, research is being conducted in Sri Lanka to assess more broadly the impact of water resource development. In addition, two extensive literature reviews have been completed
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation programs; Drainage; Rice; Crop production; Case studies; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92407

Accounting of agricultural and nonagricultural impacts of irrigation and drainage systems:  A study of multifunctionality in rice.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matsuno,   Yutaka; Ko,   H.S.; Tan,   C.H.; Barker,   Randolph; Levine,   G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation farming; Drainage; Groundwater; Recharge; Rice; Paddy fields; Infiltration; Flood control; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92702

Accumulative Pollution, "Clean Technology," and Policy Design
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Withagen,   Cees; Toman,   Michael.
Environmental policymakers must address the adverse effects of a number of pollutants that accumulate in the environment. Goals for the regulation of these damages often involve holding long-term emissions below a level deemed to be "dangerous", or outright banning of offending products or processes along with subsidization of more "green" alternatives. This paper builds upon previous studies by Keeler, Spence, and Zeckhauser (1971) and Tahvonen and Withagen (1996) in addressing the optimal long-term management of an accumulative but assimilatable pollutant through policies that restrict more damaging production processes and thereby induce more benign alternatives. Using a simple general equilibrium approach, we consider the possibility that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stock externalities; Nonconvexities; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q28; D62.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10748

Accuracy of Numerical Solution to Dynamic Programming Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Robert P.; Lohano,   Heman D.
Dynamic programming models with continuous state and control variables are solved approximately using numerical methods in most applications. We develop a method for measuring the accuracy of numerical solution of stochastic dynamic programming models. Using this method, we compare the accuracy of various interpolation schemes. As expected, the results show that the accuracy improves as number of nodes is increased. Comparison of Chebyshev and linear spline indicates that the linear spline may give higher maximum absolute error than Chebyshev, however, the overall performance of spline interpolation is better than Chebyshev interpolation for non-smooth functions. Two-stage grid search method of optimization is developed and examined with accuracy analysis....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14230

Acerca de la magnitud de la inequidad en salud en el Perú
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valdivia,   Martin.
El análisis presentado en este documento muestra que la magnitud de las inequidades en salud y en la utilización de servicios de salud en el Perú es muy grande, aun para un país con el nivel de desarrollo del Perú. En consecuencia, se plantea que dichas inequidades deben ser abordadas de manera urgente por investigadores y diseñadores de política, tomando en cuenta que la literatura internacional establece cada vez con mayor contundencia que el crecimiento económico no es suficiente para lograr tal objetivo.  La contribución del análisis empírico incluido en este documento al abordaje de la inequidad en salud y en los servicios relacionados con ella tiene dos componentes fundamentales. En primer lugar, se analiza la robustez de los resultados presentados...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Salud pública; Servicios de salud; Indicadores de salud; Perú; Public health; Health services; Health indicators; Peru; Health Economics and Policy; I11; I18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37756

ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY IN A COST EFFECTIVE WAY: IMPLICATIONS OF DOMESTIC DEREGULATION AND REFORM UNDER LIBERALIZED TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jha,   Shikha; Srinivasan,   P.V.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16134

Achieving Regional Growth Dynamics in African Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdulai,   Awudu; Diao,   Xinshen; Johnson,   Michael.
This study focuses on public investments and policy reforms for leveraging growth spillovers at the African regional level. A conceptual framework that is built on the endogenous growth theory and the new economic geography is presented first to gain a better understanding of the underlying theory and empirical evidence on regional integration and growth spillovers. In order to demonstrate the potential benefits from greater cross-border technology spillovers in Africa, as well as from trade liberalization and investment in infrastructure, results from ex-ante simulations using partial and general equilibrium models are then presented and discussed. Results indicate that sizeable regional spillover benefits can be obtained by permitting greater crossborder...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models C68; Agricultural growth; Agricultural sector; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58371

ACHIEVING URBAN FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   James L.
Contents:  Overview, by James L. Garrett; An urbanizing world, by Martin Brockerhoff; Rural-urban interdependence, by Cecilia Tacoli; Urbanizing livelihoods and labor markets, by Arjan De Haan; Feeding the cities:  food supply and distribution, by Olivio Argenti; The hidden significance of urban agriculture, by Luc J.A. Mougeot; Urbanization and the nutrition transition, by Barry M. Popkin; Urban women:  balancing work and childcare, by Partrice L. Engle; Threats to urban health, by Carolyn Stephens; Programming for urban food and nutrition security, by Timothy R. Frankenberger, James L. Garrett, and Jeannie Downen;
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16037

ACRE in the U.S. Farm Bill and the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zulauf,   Carl R.; Orden,   David.
Two counterfactual analyses investigate the new ACRE program. Had ACRE existed instead of the programs authorized during 1996-2006 for corn, soybeans, and wheat, farm program spending would have totaled less. Estimated ACRE revenue payments increase 78 percent when calculated by applying the annual 1996-2006 percentage variations to USDA forecast average 2009-2012 acres, prices, and yields. Traditional marketing loan and counter-cyclical payments are estimated near zero. Policy design issues concern the merit of revenue versus price protection, fixed support targets versus support adjusting with lagged market revenue, and the economic dislocation and WTO compliance from alternative policy instruments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Policy; Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008; Average Crop Revenue Election Program (ACRE); WTO Domestic Support Commitments; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51821

Acreage Allocation Model Estimation and Policy Evaluations for Major Crops in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koc,   A. Ali.
This study estimates a system of supply equations for major field crops in Turkey and evaluates alternative agricultural policies for crop supply control. The supply of major field crops in Turkey responds significantly to both own-price and substitute price changes. The Turkish wheat price or gross return is the most important factor determining area allocation in Turkish field crops. Moreover, adopting measures that improve the growth of wheat yields also affect the substitute crops supply unless the price or gross return ratio is readjusted between substitute crops.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply Estimation; Field Crops Supply; Acreage System Estimation; Turkish Agriculture; Agricultural Policy Evaluation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18607

ACT Now or Later: The Economics of Malaria Resistance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laxminarayan,   Ramanan.
In the past, malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have relied on a combination of vector control and effective treatment using chloroquine. With increasing resistance to chloroquine, attention has now turned to alternative treatment strategies to replace this failing drug. Although there are strong theoretical arguments in favor of switching to more expensive artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs), the validity of these arguments in the face of financial constraints has not been previously analyzed. In this paper, we use a Bioeconomic model of malaria transmission and evolution of drug resistance to examine questions of optimal treatment strategy and coverage when drug resistance places an additional constraint on choices available to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malaria; Mathematical models; Drug resistance; Bioeconomics; Health Economics and Policy; I10; I19; C61.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10699

ACTION RESEARCH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEGOTIATION SUPPORT TOOL TOWARDS DECENTRALISED WATER MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farolfi,   Stefano.
In 1998 the South African government adopted water legislation that provides a new constitutional framework for water management.  Economic efficiency, social equity, and environmental sustainability are the guiding criteria of the new South African water policy.  Water management will be implemented through decentralized institutions (Catchment Management Agencies and Committees, Water Users Associations).  These institutions will be in charge of local negotiations and the decision-making processes regarding resource allocation among stakeholders.  The new water management institutions have the complex context characterized by inequalities, lack or asymmetry of information, and conflicting interests.  Hence, a clear need for negotiation and decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18076

Action Research Report on Reflect: Regenerated Freirean Literacy Through Empowering Community Techniques; The Experiences of Three Reflect Pilot Projects in Uganda, Bangladesh, El Salvador
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Archer,   David W.; Cottingham,   Sara.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12861

Activity and Regulation of Farm Labor Contractors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vaupel,   Suzanne; Martin,   Philip L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11918

ACTIVITY SYSTEMS AND LIVELIHOODS IN EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE RURAL AREAS (TRANSKEI): HOUSEHOLD TYPOLOGIES AS SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO A LANDCARE PROJECT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perret,   Sylvain R.; Carstens,   J.; Randela,   Rendani; Moyo,   Sibusiso.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18061

Ad Valorem Equivalent in the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babili,   Mahmoud.
How can Syria benefit from converting specific tariffs into AVEs?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ad valorem; WTO; Multilateral negotiations; Syria; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48586

Ad Valorem Equivalent in the WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babili,   Mahmoud.
How can Syria benefit from converting specific tariffs into AVEs?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48684

ADAM SMITH'S GLOBALIZATION (BUT ANTI-SECULARIZATION) THEORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvey,   James E.
In the Western world the voices calling for a secular society have grown ever louder over the last three centuries.  In addition to these normative advocates, various social scientists have propounded the "secularization thesis"; after analysing history from a purportedly positive view, they have argued that "modernization" leads to a secular society.  Recently globalization has been seen as another cause of secularization.  At the same time, the revival of various religions has cast doubt on these claims.  In this paper we return to one of the founders of modernity for guidance.  Adam Smith advocated globalization on economic and moral grounds.  He did not see secularization as an inevitable consequence of globalization.  Further, despite his awareness of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23716

ADAM SMITH'S OPTIMISTIC TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF HISTORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvey,   James E.
Adam Smith's four-stage theory provides the framework for his writings on history. The fourth stage is the commercial epoch; the culmination of history in this stage is a key component in the conventional interpretation of Adam Smith as a prophet of commercialism. In two historical case studies Smith shows the capacity of commercial society to regenerate itself. This potent capacity suggests that commercial society is inevitable. At a certain point in time it also overcomes the major obstacles to its permanence. Smith's philosophy of history anticipates the end of history views of Kant and Hegel.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23708

ADAM SMITH'S PESSIMISTIC VIEW OF THE FUTURE OF COMMERCIAL SOCIETY: RHETORIC OR REALITY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvey,   James E.
Adam Smith is generally viewed as a great optimist about commerce and commercialism.  Consistent with this assessment is the conventional view that Smith believed in progress: he had an optimistic view of history.  On the other hand, occasionally over the last thirty years commentators, such as Heilbroner, have suggested that Smith actually had a very pessimistic view of history and the prospects of commercial society.  Can we explain Smith's apparent inconsistencies?  One solution is that Smith "changed his mind" during his lifetime.  Another suggestion, proposed by Muller, is that Heilbroner (and others holding similar views) failed to understand Smith's rhetoric.  Muller is correct in suggesting that there is exaggeration in some of Smith's pessimistic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23705

ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvey,   James E.
The conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23710

Adaptation Can Help Mitigation: An Integrated Approach to Post-2012 Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica.
The latest round of international negotiations in Copenhagen led to a set of commitments on emission reductions which are unlikely to stabilise global warming below or around 2°C. As a consequence, in the absence of additional ambitious policy measures, adaptation will be needed to address climate-related damages. What is the role of adaptation in this setting? How is it optimally allocated across regions and time? To address these questions, this paper analyses the optimal mix of adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting in which countries cooperate to achieve a long-term stabilisation target (550 CO2-eq). It uses an Integrated Assessment Model (AD-WITCH) that describes the relationships between different adaptation modes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116907

Adaptation, Mitigation and “Green” R&amp;D to Combat Global Climate Change. Insights From an Empirical Integrated Assessment Exercise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco.
This work develops a framework for the analysis at the macro-level of the relationship between adaptation and mitigation policies. The FEEM-RICE growth model with stock pollution, endogenous R&amp;D investment and emission abatement is enriched with a planned-adaptation module where a defensive capital stock is built through adaptation investment. Within this framework the optimal path of planned adaptation, the optimal inter and intra temporal mix between adaptation, mitigation and investment in R&amp;D, and the sensitivity of a strategy to each other is identified. The major conclusions of this research show that adaptation, mitigation and R&amp;D are strategic complements as all concur together to the solution of the climate change problem; nonetheless...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59746

ADAPTING AGRICULTURE AND RURAL VIRGINIA TO ENVIRONMENTAL RESTRAINTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batie,   Sandra S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14814

Adapting the WTO Trade Policy Reviews to the Needs of Developing Countries: Starting Points and Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borrmann,   Axel; Koopmann,   Georg.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26092

Adaptive Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Metcalfe,   John S.; Foster,   John; Ramlogan,   Ronnie.
This paper outlines an evolutionary theory of adaptive growth based on the twin principles of enterprise and the co-ordinating role of markets. The central organising idea is that economies never grow without simultaneous development. Growth as conventionally understood is a product of structural change and economic self-transformation, and these processes are closely connected with but not reducible to the growth of knowledge. The dominant theme is enterprise, the variations it generates, and the multiple connections between investment, innovation, demand and structural transformation. We explore the dependence of macroeconomic productivity growth on the diversity of technical progress functions and income elasticities of demand at the industry level, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30637

Adaptive Experimental Design Using the Propensity Score
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hahn,   Jinyong; Hirano,   Keisuke; Karlan,   Dean S.
Many social experiments are run in multiple waves, or are replications of earlier social experiments. In principle, the sampling design can be modified in later stages or replications to allow for more efficient estimation of causal effects. We consider the design of a two-stage experiment for estimating an average treatment effect, when covariate information is available for experimental subjects. We use data from the first stage to choose a conditional treatment assignment rule for units in the second stage of the experiment. This amounts to choosing the propensity score, the conditional probability of treatment given covariates. We propose to select the propensity score to minimize the asymptotic variance bound for estimating the average treatment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Experimental design; Propensity score; Efficiency bound; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C1; C14; C9; C93; C13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47107

Adaptive, participatory and integrated assessment (APIA) of the impacts of irrigation on fisheries: Evaluation of the approach in Sri Lanka.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nguyen-Khoa,   Sophie; Smith,   Laurence; Lorenzen,   Kai.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Irrigation effects; Assessment; Decision making; Case studies; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92016

AD-DICE: An Implementation of Adaptation in the DICE Mode
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Bruin,   Kelly C.; Dellink,   Rob B.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
Integrated Assessment Models (IAMS) have helped us over the past decade to understand the interactions between the environment and the economy in the context of climate change. Although it has also long been recognized that adaptation is a powerful and necessary tool to combat the adverse effects of climate change, most IAMs have not explicitly included the option of adaptation in combating climate change. This paper adds to the IAM and climate change literature by explicitly including adaptation in an IAM, thereby making the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation visible. Specifically, a theoretical framework is created and used to implement adaptation as a decision variable into the DICE model. We use our new AD-DICE model to derive the adaptation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Integrated Assessment Modelling; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9548

Adding an Exported Services Component to the North Dakota Input-Output Model's Business and Personal Services Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
The North Dakota Input-Output model has been used extensively to analyze changes in the state's economy.  Within the past decade, exported services (e.g., telemarketing, data processing, reservation and financial centers) have become an important component of the North Dakota economic base.  The purpose of this report is to estimate the contribution of exported services firms to the economic base (sales for final demand) of North Dakota and of regions and counties within the state, for 1998 and 1999. Exported services sales for final demand in 1999 totaled $348 million statewide, or almost 3 percent of the state's economic base.  Regions 5, 2, and 7 had the largest contributions from exported services activities, which amounted to 6 percent of total sales...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exported services; Economic development; Input-output model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23562

Adding value through policy-oriented research: reflections of a scholar-practitioner
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Timmer,   C. Peter.
Any evaluation of the benefits of policy-oriented social science research faces fundamental difficulties. These include the uncertainty in determining a causal link between research and the outcome of a policy or the value of a policy outcome. Nonetheless, firm connections can be established between policy research and policy outcomes if there are strong links that bridge the gaps between social science research and the various parts of the policy process. These connections can be established often enough to make it possible to learn about the relationship between research and outcome and the key variables that affect the social profitability of the underlying research. This essay uses the author's experience with agricultural price policies in Asia,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48291

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23425

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23240

Addressing Climate Change with a Comprehensive U.S. Cap-and-Trade System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
There is growing impetus for a domestic U.S. climate policy that can provide meaningful reductions in emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. I describe and analyze an up- stream, economy-wide CO2 cap-and-trade system which implements a gradual trajectory of emissions reductions (with inclusion over time of non-CO2 greenhouse gases), and includes mechanisms to reduce cost uncertainty. Initially, half of the allowances are allocated through auction and half through free distribution, with the share being auctioned gradually increasing to 100 percent over 25 years. The system provides for linkage with emission reduction credit projects in other countries, harmonization over time with effective cap-and-trade systems in other countries and regions, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Carbon Dioxide; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Climate Change; Carbon Taxes; Q540; Q280; Q380; Q480; Q580.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42920

ADDRESSING LIVELIHOODS IN AFGHANISTAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pain,   Adam; Lautze,   Sue.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14647

ADJUSTED GROSS REVENUE PILOT INSURANCE PROGRAM: RATING PROCEDURE (REPORT PREPARED FOR THE RISK MANAGEMENT AGENCY BOARD OF DIRECTORS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Black,   J. Roy.
The focus of this paper is on outlining the procedures used to estimate the premium rates for the Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR) insurance plan.  The AGR rating procedures draw substantially on rating procedures used in products currently reinsured and subsidized by Risk Management Agency/USDA (RMA); thus, the principal focus here is on those features that are a specific to AGR. The outline, briefly, the procedures used in rating existing products to set the stage for describing AGR rating procedures. The focus of AGR is on farms whose principal revenue streams are from NAP crops as contrasted to farms whose crops can be insured under a plan reinsured and subsidized by RMA; however, the procedures must recognize and take advantage of the fact that crops with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11721

Adjusting Carbon Cost Analyses to Account for Prior Tax Distortions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper discusses how carbon abatement policies interact with the tax system, and how these interactions affect the overall costs of carbon controls. We provide formulas for adjusting cost estimates of auctioned and grandfathered carbon emissions from partial equilibrium energy models into rough estimates of general equilibrium costs that account for fiscal interactions. In the basic model with a tax on labor income, the general equilibrium costs of (revenue-neutral) auctioned permits are around 25% higher than the partial equilibrium costs; those of grandfathered permits, which do not directly raise revenues for recycling, are typically more than 100% higher. However, when allowance is made for complicating factors, such as the effect of tax subsidies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon permits; Tax distortions; Revenue recycling; General equilibrium costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Q28; H21.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10481

ADJUSTING CROP INSURANCE PREMIUM AND PRODUCTION GUARANTEE LEVELS TO REFLECT FARMER EXPERIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: King,   Robert P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13460

Adjusting Household Structure: School Enrollment Impacts of Child Fostering in Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akresh,   Richard.
Researchers claim that children growing up away from their biological parents may be at a disadvantage and have lower human capital investment. This paper measures the impact of child fostering on school enrollment and uses household and child fixed effects regressions to address the endogeneity of fostering. Data collection by the author involved tracking and interviewing the sending and receiving household participating in of foster children with their non-fostered biological siblings. Foster children are equally likely as their host siblings to be enrolled after fostering and are 3.6 percent more likely to be enrolled than their biological siblings. Relative to children from non-fostering households, host siblings, biological siblings, and foster...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Human capital investment; Child fostering; Household structure; Labor and Human Capital; J12; I20; O15; D10.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28521

Adjusting prices for volume: a test of the Hotelling valuation principle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter.
This paper tests the hypothesis that the net of extraction cost price of a natural resource does not change with volume. The hypothesis is shown to he a consequence of Hotelling’s theory. The tests are performed on equations estimated by a nonparametric regression (ACE), and we show that the usual least squares estimation techniques are not general enough to successfully perform the test. The test rejects the pure form of the Hotelling theory and shows that it is  necessary to adjust sale prices for volume sold.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resources; Prices; Regression analysis.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43665

ADJUSTING TAX RATES IN THE GTAP DATA BASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malcolm,   Gerard.
This paper describes a procedure designed for incorporating improved information on taxes into existing GTAP data aggregations.  The aim of this procedure is to maintain the internal consistency of the data base while minimizing the impacts of the tax change on the value flows in the data base.   It utilizes a variant of the GTAP model, for which the model structure and parameter settings have been designed to achieve this aim. The features include Cobb-Douglas production and consumption functions, inter-intermediate input substitution (also Cobb-Douglas), universal factor mobility and fixed trade balances.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28721

ADJUSTING THE CAPM FOR THRESHOLD EFFECTS: AN APPLICATION TO FOOD AND AGRIBUSINESS STOCKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Christine A.; Featherstone,   Allen M.
The dynamics in stock returns and the market return for 21 food and agribusiness firms are estimated in a threshold switching-regression framework.  Threshold adjustment levels and capital asset pricing model risk parameters are estimated and tested.  Results indicate risk parameters differ for alternative regimes and are not constant over time.  Accounting for periods of temporary disequilibrium leads to notably more stable risk measurement estimates.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28619

Adjustment is Much Slower than You Think
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caballero,   Ricardo J.; Engel,   Eduardo M.R.A.
In most instances, the dynamic response of monetary and other policies to shocks is infrequent and lumpy. The same holds for the microeconomic response of some of the most important economic variables, such as investment, labor demand, and prices. We show that the standard practice of estimating the speed of adjustment of such variables with partial-adjustment ARMA procedures substantially overestimates this speed. For example, for the target federal funds rate, we find that the actual response to shocks is less than half as fast as the estimated response. For investment, labor demand and prices, the speed of adjustment inferred from aggregates of a small number of agents is likely to be close to instantaneous. While aggregating across microeconomic units...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Speed of adjustment; Discrete adjustment; Lumpy adjustment; Aggregation; Calvo model; ARMA process; Partial adjustment; Expected response time; Monetary policy; Investment; Labor demand; Sticky prices; Idiosyncratic shocks; Impulse response function; Wold representation; Time-to-build; Financial Economics; C22; C43; D2; E2; E5.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28419

Adjustment of Wheat Production to Market Reform in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kherallah,   Mylene; Minot,   Nicholas; Gruhn,   Peter.
In response to slow growth in the agricultural sector and as part of a general shift towards a more market-oriented economy, the Government of Egypt started liberalizing the agricultural sector in 1987. Controls over wheat production and marketing were eliminated and wheat producer prices were brought closer to international levels. As a result, there has been remarkable increases in wheat crop area and yields, causing wheat production to triple from 1986 to 1998. This study analyzes the results of a survey of 800 Egyptian wheat farmers in order to address three issues that are of interest to agricultural reform policy in Egypt. First, what are the patterns in wheat production and marketing that have emerged following the economic reforms? Second, why is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Small farmer; Wheat yields; Egypt; Econometrics; Agricultural policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97384

Adjustment Policies and the Current Account Balance: Empirical Evidence from Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bannaga,   Alamedin A.
The paper seeks to assess the impact of adjustment reforms on Sudan taking the current account balance as policy performance indicator. The paper shows that the government own reforms were more effective than those imposed by the IMF or the World Bank. It further illustrates that both policy and non-factors are responsible to the same degree in deriving current account deficit in the long run specifically inefficiency in exchange rate policy and structural and demographic factors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30546

Adjustment under different trade strategies: a mean-variance analysis with a CGE model of the Yugoslav economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adelman,   Irma; Berck,   Peter; Labus,   Miroljub; Vujovic,   Dusan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commerce; Economics; Equilibrium; Sam.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43667

Adjustments in Demand During Lithuania's Economic Transition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hossain,   Ferdaus; Jensen,   Helen H.
Significant economic changes have occurred in Lithuania since 1992. Major market reforms were introduced through phased liberalization of producer and consumer prices. Panel data from a Lithuanian Household Budget Survey conducted during 1992-94 were used to estimate demand parameters for aggregated commodity groups. The evidence from the household survey shows the relative stability of demand parameters. Estimated price and expenditure elasticities are consistent with levels of low income countries. Households have been relatively responsive to changes in prices and total expenditure in their purchases during the period of transition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18520

Adoption and Use of Improved Maize by Small-Scale Farmers in Southeast Guatemala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sain,   Gustavo; Martinez,   Julio.
This report is based on a study of the adoption and use of improved open-pollinated varieties and hybrids by small-scale farmers in the Department of Jutiapa, Guatemala. The majority of maize producers in Guatemala are small-scale subsistence farmers. Approximately 60% of the basic grains produced in the country are grown on farms that are too small to satisfy the basic nutritional needs of a typical family (5-6 persons). Increasing yields through the use of new technologies is seen as a critical step to ensuring adequate nutrition and increasing farmer income in the area. The study, conducted in June and July 1991, randomly surveyed 208 farmers in 18 municipalities of Jutiapa, apportioned according to the number of farms in each municipality. There was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7687

Adoption, Management, and Impact of Hybrid Maize Seed in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   R.P.; Morris,   Michael L.
This paper presents results of a 1995 survey of 864 maize-growing households in six states that account for more than 70% of India's maize area: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The current adoption of improved open-pollinated maize varieties (OPVs) and hybrids is quantified, the relationship between adoption of improved germplasm and use of improved crop management practices is examined, the economic impacts of adoption are estimated, farmers' seed procurement and management practices are described, and implications for maize research and development policy are discussed. On the whole, the survey results confirm that India's national maize seed industry is expanding rapidly. Since seed policy reforms were...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7691

Adoption of Clean Leather-Tanning Technologies in Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
In many developing countries, a host of financial, institutional, and political factors hamstring conventional environmental regulation. Given these constraints, a promising strategy for controlling pollution is to promote the voluntary adoption of clean technologies. Although this strategy has received considerable attention in policy circles, empirical research on the adoption of clean technologies in developing countries is limited. This paper presents historical background and original survey data on the adoption of five clean tanning technologies by a sample of 137 leather tanneries in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, a city where tanneries have serious environmental impacts and conventional environmental regulation has repeatedly failed to mitigate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean technology; Leather tanning; Developing country; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; 013; 033.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10881

ADOPTION OF ECR PRACTICES IN MINNESOTA GROCERY STORES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phumpiu,   Paul F.; King,   Robert P.
Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) is an industry-wide, collaborative initiative to re-engineer the grocery supply chain. This report presents findings from a study of ECR adoption in Minnesota grocery stores.  Data were collected through interviews with managers of forty stores that are broadly distributed over store sizes, locations, and organizational forms.  The interviews focused on business practices and technologies related to inventory management and ordering, shelf-space allocation and product assortment decisions, and product pricing and promotions.  Findings are presented from three distinct perspectives: (1) stores grouped by location (metro and out- state), (2) stores grouped by organizational form (corporate chain, independent chain, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14311

ADOPTION OF MAIZE AND WHEAT TECHNOLOGIES IN EASTERN AFRICA: A SYNTHESIS OF THE FINDINGS OF 22 CASE STUDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doss,   Cheryl R.; Mwangi,   Wilfred; Verkuijl,   Hugo; De Groote,   Hugo.
This paper synthesizes the findings of 22 micro-level studies on technology adoption carried out by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) with national agricultural research systems in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda from 1996-1999. The authors found that technology adoption is taking place across Eastern Africa but considerable scope remains to improve the productivity of smallholder agriculture in higher potential regions with high levels of adoption. Extension was the variable most highly correlated with technology adoption, and extension services continue to play an important role in disseminating information on new varieties and how to manage them. Despite the usefulness of the micro-study results, especially for priority...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize; Wheat; Innovation adoption; Technology transfer; Plant Breeding; Small farms; Case studies; Fertilizers; Private sector; Nongovernmental organizations; Research institutions; International organizations; Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda; Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46522

Adoption of Maize Conservation Tillage in Azuero, Panama
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Herrera,   Adys Pereira; Sain,   Gustavo.
An aggressive research and validation program launched in 1984 in Azuero, Panama, yielded a recommendation advocating zero tillage for maize production. Ten years later, maize farmers in Azuero used three land preparation methods: conventional tillage, zero tillage, and minimum tillage (an adaptation of the zero tillage technology). This study aimed to quantify the adoption of zero and minimum tillage for maize in Azuero; identify factors influencing adoption of the different land preparation practices; and analyze the implications of the findings for future maize research and extension. Between 1985 and 1994, farmers in Region I of Azuero changed from conventional tillage to zero (33%) and minimum tillage (43%). In Regions II and III, most farmers still...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7696

ADOPTION OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY IN MISSISSIPPI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren; Hite,   Diane.
Precision application technology has been an important topic in agriculture in recent years.  This technology has the promise to improve farm management through improved information and control over in-field variability of soil characteristics and productivity.  Despite this apparent promise, recent studies have shown that adoption has been low.  However, little is known about the adoption of this technology in Mississippi or the reasons for or against adoption as seen through the eyes of the producer.  This survey was designed to collect basic information on producer perceptions about precision agriculture technology and to assess potential reasons for or against adoption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15787

ADOPTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES: A REVEALED PREFERENCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The existing empirical literature on farmers' use of soil-conserving, runoff-reducing farming practices, while sizable, contains relatively little information on the influence of cost on adoption decisions and on how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package.  Such knowledge is important in light of current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals.  This paper uses farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit costs of installing seven soil-conserving, runoff-reducing practices obtained from a state cost sharing program to estimate latent demand models for each of these seven practices.  All seven exhibit downward sloping demand.  Topographical variations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28609

ADOPTION OF UNLIKE HIGH YIELDING WHEAT VARIETIES IN TUNISIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gafsi,   Salem; Roe,   Terry L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13314

ADOPTION, PROFITABILITY, AND MAKING BETTER USE OF PRECISION FARMING DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James; Griffin,   Terry W.; Peone,   J.; Payne,   Tim; Daberkow,   Stan G.
Precision agriculture (PA) technology has been on the market for over ten years. Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), yield monitors, variable rate technologies (VRT) and other spatial management technologies are being used by farmers worldwide, but questions remain about the profitability of the technology and its future. This paper summarizes: 1) data on adoption of PA technology worldwide, 2) review of PA economics studies and 3) efforts to make better use of yield monitor and other sensor data in crop management. The adoption estimates are based on reports by an international network of collaborators. This paper draws on USDA ARMS data to update U.S. PA adoption numbers. The PA profitability summary goes beyond...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28615

ADULT EDUCATORS IN CO-OPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT: AGENTS OF CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stefanson,   Brenda.
This work attempts to contribute to our understanding of the role of the external agent and, in particular, the adult educator, in co-operative development.  By focusing on the role of adult education in co-operative movements, we can better understand how education contributes to a change in attitude, to building trust and cohesion in groups, and to encouraging people to work together to make improvements in their economic situations and in their communities. The objective of this work is to describe the role of adult educators and extension agents in the co-operative development process. To accomplish this objective, information is compiled from literature dealing with adult education, co-operative development, economies, and other disciplines, and from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31777

ADULT HEALTH IN THE TIME OF DROUGHT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoddinott,   John; Kinsey,   Bill.
This paper examines the impact of rainfall shocks on a measure of adult health, body mass, drawing on a unique panel data set of households residing in rural Zimbabwe. Controlling for individual, household, and community factors, and individual fixed, unobservable effects, we find women, but not men, are adversely affected by drought. However, these effects are not borne equally by all women. Women residing in poor households and daughters more generally appear to bear the brunt of this shock. Our results suggest that an ex ante private coping strategy, the accumulation of livestock, protects women against the adverse consequences of this shock. By contrast, we find that ex post public responses are not effective, though for several reasons we treat this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16431

Advanced Methods for Dose-Response Assessment: Bayesian Approaches - Final Report
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   James D.
Resources for the Future (RFF), in conjunction with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Society for Risk Analysis, and the Electric Power Research Institute, held a workshop Sept. 18-20, 2000, at the RFF Conference Center in Washington, DC. The intent was to discuss how Bayesian approaches could be useful in improving techniques for estimating exposure-response functions. Ten distinguished scholars from a range of fields (medical biostatistics, decision sciences, environmental engineering, and toxicology) served as faculty. Approximately 80 people attended the workshop. Bayesian methods have been applied to a variety of problems in biomedical research and environmental risk analysis, including design of clinical trials, estimation of exposures to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bayesian analysis; Dose-response; Regulation; Risk assessment; Arsenic; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10754

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF TARGETING INDUSTRY CLUSTERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barkley,   David L.; Henry,   Mark S.
Regional industrialization efforts include industrial recruitment, entrepreneurial and small business development, and business retention and expansion programs. Recently, many states and communities have targeted their industrialization programs at specific industries to promote the development of industry clusters.  Broadly defined, an industry cluster is a loose, geographically bounded collection of similar and/or related firms that together create competitive advantages for member firms and the regional economy.  The purpose of this paper is to summarize the debate concerning the advisability of industry cluster targeting as an employment generation strategy for states and sub-state regions.  Our review of the appropriateness of a clusters strategy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18792

Advertising and Retail Promotion of Washington Apples: A Structural Latent Variable Approach to Promotion Evaluation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richards,   Timothy J.; Gao,   Xiaoming; Patterson,   Paul M.
"Commodity promotion" consists of many activities, each designed to contribute to a consumer's product knowledge or influence tastes. However, both knowledge and tastes are unobservable, or latent, variables influencing demand. This paper specifies a dynamic structural model of fresh fruit demand that treats promotion and other socioeconomic variables as "causal" variables influencing these latent variables. Estimating this state-space model using a Kalman filter approach provides estimates of both the system parameters and a latent variable series. The results show that these latent effects contribute positively to apple and other fruit consumption, while reducing banana consumption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commodity promotion; Demand system; DYMIMIC; Fresh fruit; Kalman filter; LA/AIDS; Latent variables; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28547

Advertising Expenditures in U.S. Manufacturing Industries, 1967 and 1982
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rogers,   Richard T.; Tokle,   Robert J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116112

Advertising Strategies by Agricultural Cooperatives in Branded Food Products, 1967 to 1987
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rogers,   Richard T.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25202

ADVISORY SERVICE MARKETING PROFILES FOR CORN OVER 1995-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martines-Filho,   Joao Gomes; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.; Cabrini,   Silvina M.; Stark,   Brian G.; Shi,   Wei; Webber,   Rick L.; Hagedorn,   Lewis A.; Williams,   Steven L.
This report presents marketing profiles and loan deficiency payment/marketing loan gain profiles for the advisory services followed by the AgMAS Project for the 1995 through 2000 corn crops. Marketing profiles are constructed by plotting the cumulative net amount priced under each program's set of recommendations throughout a crop year. Loan deficiency payment/marketing loan gain (LDP/MLG) profiles are constructed by plotting the cumulative percentage of the crop on which the LDP/MLG was claimed during the crop year.   Marketing profiles provide information to evaluate the style of advisory services in several ways.  The percentage of crop priced is a measure of within-crop year price risk.  The higher the proportion of a crop priced, the lower the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14776

ADVISORY SERVICE MARKETING PROFILES FOR SOYBEANS OVER 1995-2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martines-Filho,   Joao Gomes; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.; Cabrini,   Silvina M.; Stark,   Brian G.; Shi,   Wei; Webber,   Rick L.; Hagedorn,   Lewis A.; Williams,   Steven L.
This report presents marketing profiles and loan deficiency payment/marketing loan gain profiles for the advisory services followed by the AgMAS Project for the 1995 through 2000 soybean crops. Marketing profiles are constructed by plotting the cumulative net amount priced under each program's set of recommendations throughout a crop year. Loan deficiency payment/marketing loan gain (LDP/MLG) profiles are constructed by plotting the cumulative percentage of the crop on which the LDP/MLG was claimed during the crop year.   Marketing profiles provide information to evaluate the style of advisory services in several ways.  The percentage of crop priced is a measure of within-crop year price risk.  The higher the proportion of a crop priced, the lower the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14791

Advocatus, et non latro? Testing the Supplier-Induced-Demand Hypothesis for Italian Courts of Justice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buonanno,   Paolo; Galizzi,   Matteo M.
We explore the relationship between litigation rates and the number of lawyers, in a typical supplier-induced demand (SID) frame. Drawing on an original panel dataset for the 169 Italian courts of justice between 2000 and 2007, we first document that the number of lawyers is positively correlated with different measures of litigation rate. Then, using an instrumental variables strategy we find that a 10 percent increase of lawyers over population is associated with an increase between 1.6 to 6 percent in civil litigation rates. Thus, our empirical analysis supports the SID hypothesis for the Italian lawyers: following an increase in their relative number, lawyers may exploit their informational advantage to induce clients to access to courts even when...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Lawyers; Litigiosity; Causality; Labor and Human Capital; F22; J15; K42; R10.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90903

AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND PARCEL MAPPING FOR IMMOVABLE PROPERTY REGISTRATION IN ALBANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gjika,   Maksimiljan; Leka,   Edmond.
Planimetric map production is a basic graphic documentation element of the Immovable Property Registration System in Albania and is one of the main objectives of the Land Market Action Plan. This paper focuses on the implementation of photogrammetry program mapping of index maps for the registration system being developed for Albania.  Photogrammetric work occupies an important place among the well-known methods of mapping. Methods for various types of map production based on aerial information are being developed. Analytical photogrammetry is completed theoretically, on an advanced technological base and with hands-on experience in all phases. At present, photogrammetry and remote sensing is changing from analog to digital, from aerial to space-based...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aerial photography in land use--Albania; Land titles--Registration and transfer--Albania; Aerial photogrammetry--Albania; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12799

Afforestation and Timber Management Compliance Strategies in Climate Policy. A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michetti,   Melania; Nunes Rosa,   Renato.
This paper analyzes the role of afforestation-reforestation and timber management activities, and their major and secondary economic effects in stabilizing climate during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In particular, with a Computable General Equilibrium framework, the ICES model, it is inferred how forest carbon sequestration fits within the European domestic portfolio of a 2020-20 and 2020-30 climate stabilization policy. Afforestation and land use are accounted for by introducing their effects in the model. This is done by relying on carbon sequestration curves provided by Sohngen (2005), which describe the average annual cost of sequestration for selected world regions. Results show that afforestation and timber management could...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q24; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99641

Afforestation Generated Kyoto Compliant Carbon Offsets: A Case Study in Northeastern Ontario
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biggs,   Jeffrey.
With the first commitment period beginning in 2008, resource managers are starting to consider the various management options available to them under the Kyoto Protocol. Though many papers discuss the potential for generating carbon offsets through afforestation at national, provincial and regional scales, none examine the factors critical to decision makers at the management unit level. This paper uses the best available modelling and economic data and applies it at the scale of the Timmins Management Unit (TMU), concentrating on the quality and availability of carbon budget models, domestic carbon market concerns (including price, leakage and permanence) and the presence of an enabling environment (considering government support, afforestation expertise,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afforestation; Carbon markets; Carbon modelling; Enabling environment; Kyoto Protocol; Northeastern Ontario; Scenario development; Timmins management unit; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37007

AFPC Review of County Loan Rates for Sorghum and Corn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Knapek,   George M.; Herbst,   Brian K.
The Agricultural &amp; Food Policy Center (AFPC) updated the comparison of corn and sorghum county loan rates following the general methodology outlined in the October 2002 Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) study on corn and sorghum loan rates. The study answers two questions: 1. Are the 2006 county loan rates established by USDA consistent with the Congressional mandate that national average loan rates for both commodities be $1.95 per bushel? 2. What would be the impact if USDA were to adopt a different weighting scheme in setting county loan rates while continuing to maintain the mandated national average loan rate? Specifically, what would be the impact on sorghum loan rates if each county’s loan rate were weighted by the county’s...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42083

African Journals - An Evaluation of the Use of African-Published Journals in African Universities: Evaluating Impact
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alemna,   A.A.; Chifwepa,   Vitalicy; Rosenberg,   Diana.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12836

African Perspectives on Progress and Challenges in Agricultural Transformation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Argwings-Kodhek,   Gem; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Minde,   Isaac J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 9.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11370

African Regional Integration: Implications for Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Dijk,   Michiel.
This report looks at the African regional trade, regional integration agreements (RIAs) and the implications for food security. An overview is presented on the present state of African regional integration and the determinants of regional trade in agriculture and food commodities. In particular the study focuses on eight target countries, related RIAs and a set of strategic food commodities. The evidence presented in this study shows that African countries have made progress in opening up agriculture and food trade with partner countries. With, the exception of Ghana, Tanzania and Mozambique, the effective applied tariff rates for regional trade partners are substantially lower than the (MFN) rates applied to world trade partners. Nonetheless, regional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional integration agreements; Africa; Food security.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101645

AFRICA'S CHANGING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Christopher L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16338

AFRICA'S CHANGING AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: PAST AND PRESENT PARADIGMS AS A GUIDE TO THE FUTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Christopher L.
This paper looks at the often conflicting changes, frequently shaped by foreign institutions, that have affected policies for agricultural development in most  Sub-Saharan African countries since the 1960s. Reviewing past and present paradigms, Delgado contends that none of the strategies, including today's,                has provided a "magic bullet" for solving Africa's development problems. He argues that a new resolve by Africans to solve their own problems and a new willingness of international entities to invest heavily in African institutions hold the greatest hope for future development planning.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16235

Africa’s Food and Nutrition Security Situation: Where Are We and How Did We Get Here?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Todd.
Efforts and initiatives to combat hunger and malnutrition in Africa are gaining momentum at all levels—local, national, continental, and international. To design and implement effective strategies for action, it is vital that we have a clear understanding of the problems and options. In this 2020 discussion paper, Todd Benson reviews the extent of food and nutrition insecurity across Africa. He assesses recent patterns and trends, exploring where significant progress has occurred, or not, and why. The differences between food and nutrition security, and how they are linked, are clarified. Benson examines the key direct and indirect determinants and consequences of food and nutrition insecurity in the African context and offers a menu of actions and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42272

AFRICA'S UNFINISHED BUSINESS: BUILDING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eicher,   Carl K.
This paper addresses four questions: · What lessons can be drawn from the "rise and decline" of NARS in Africa? · What can African research managers learn from some of the successful reforms of NARS in Asia and Latin America over the past 10 to 15 years? · What are the major challenges facing the NARS in the ASARECA region in the coming 10-20 years? · What are the critical reforms and the incentives needed to develop pluralistic, accountable, productive and financially self-sustaining NARS in AFRICA?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11802

After the Ban: The Japanese Market for U.S. Beef
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clemens,   Roxanne.
In the months following the reopening of the Japanese market to imports of U.S. beef on July 26, 2006, Japanese importers were unable to procure adequate supplies. This paper discusses reasons for early supply shortages and some of the policy and trade issues that will affect demand for U.S. beef in the short to medium term. The paper also discusses current marketing efforts for domestic and imported beef, new marketing technologies, and general consumer trends. The information presented in this paper includes on-site observations and data from meetings with Japanese importers and retailers and industry experts during market research in Tokyo and Osaka in November 2006.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Age verification; Beef traceability; Food safety; Japan; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9376

After the negotiations: assessing the impact of free trade agreements in Southern Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Jeffrey D.; Robinson,   Sherman; Thierfelder,   Karen.
"September 1999." "MERRISA, Macro Economic Reforms and Regional Integration in Southern Africa"--Series t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-28). Published as: Lewis, Jeffrey D.; Robinson, Sherman; Thierfelder, Karen. 2003. Free trade agreements and the SADC economies. Journal of African Economies 12(2): 156-206.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade policy -- Africa.; Free trade.; South Africa; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97532

After They Graduate: An Overview of the Iowa State University Alumni Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolly,   Robert W.; Yu,   Li; Orazem,   Peter F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48532

Ag Bankers -- Today and Tomorrow
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolly,   Robert W.; Gaul,   Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48535

AGAINST ALL ODDS: EXPLAINING THE EXPORTING SUCCESS OF DANISH PORK CO-OPERATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hobbs,   Jill E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31771

AGAINST MECHANISM: METHODOLOGY FOR AN EVOLUTIONARY ECONOMICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmid,   A. Allan; Thompson,   Paul B.
When the first economics departments were proposed at Cambridge and Oxford, the proponents thought acceptance would be improved if economics could be seen as incorporating the methods of physics.  The enterprise was premised on the existence of economic laws that describe invariant relationships between events.  These event regularities, like gravity, were not affected by human action.  Humans could adapt and use them, but not change them.  Thus the metaphor of "mechanism" seemed appropriate and became embedded in economists' language.  It is common to use the term market mechanism to link prices and commodities. This suggests the economy is like turning a crank attached to a set of gears where there is a fixed relationship between the crank's motion and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11691

AGE DIFFERENCES AND MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS ON FOOD STAMP PROGRAM PARTICIPATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   So Yeong; Chen,   Susan E.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
Low income populations are more severely affected by economic downturns than their high income counterparts because they are at high risk of unemployment and face reduced earnings in recessions. The use of food stamp benefits and other types of welfare are one mechanism that families can use to buffer the economic shock brought about by income losses due to unemployment during a recession. As a result, during unfavorable economic conditions, low income households disproportionately rely on public assistance including food stamps.  What is less understood are the differential effects of macroeconomic conditions on the participation propensities of different population subgroups. Of particular importance are differential effects by age. Depending on their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Age; Macroeconomy; Transition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I38; J64.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103783

AGE DIFFERENCES AND MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS ON FOOD STAMP PROGRAM PARTICIPATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lim,   So Yeong; Chen,   Susan E.; Waldorf,   Brigitte S.
This study examines Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation patterns with an emphasis on macroeconomic effects and age differences. Entry into and exit out of the program are examined with data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 2004 panel using probit techniques. The results indicate that young adults easily enter the FSP but quickly move out. Older people are hesitant to enter the FSP but they stay on longer compared to their younger counterparts. The estimation results confirm the common belief that economic dynamics and FSP participation are negatively related. When the unemployment rates rise, the likelihood of entry and continuation on food stamps increases. This study also documents that the macroeconomic effects on FSP transitions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food stamps; Age; Macroeconomy; Transition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; I38; J64.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108558

Age, Health, and the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Contingent Valuation Survey in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Itaoka,   Kenshi; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Akai,   Makoto; Alberini,   Anna; Cropper,   Maureen L.; Simon,   Nathalie B.
A contingent valuation survey was conducted in Sizuoka, Japan, to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in the risk of dying and calculate the value of statistical life (VSL) for use in environmental policy in Japan. Special attention was devoted to the effects of age and health characteristics on WTP. We find that the VSLs are somewhat lower (103 to 344 million yen) than those found in the virtually identical survey applied in some developed countries. These values were subject to a variety of validity tests, which they generally passed. We find that the WTP for those over age 70 is lower than that for younger adults, but that this effect is eliminated in multiple regression. Rather, when accounting for other covariates, we find that WTP...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Value of statistical life; Mortality risk; Contingent valuation; Age; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10829

Age, Health, and the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Contingent Valuation Survey of Ontario Residents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; Alberini,   Anna; Cropper,   Maureen L.; Simon,   Nathalie B.; O'Brien,   Bernie; Goeree,   Ron; Heintzelman,   Martin.
Much of the justification for environmental rulemaking rests on estimates of the benefits to society of reduced mortality rates. This research aims to fill gaps in the literature that estimates the value of a statistical life (VSL) by designing and implementing a contingent valuation study for persons 40 to 75 years of age, and eliciting WTP for reductions in current and future risks of death. Targeting this age range also allows us to examine the impact of age on WTP and, by asking respondents to complete a detailed health questionnaire, to examine the impact of health status on WTP. This survey was self-administered by computer to 930 persons in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1999. The survey uses audio and visual aids to communicate baseline risks of death and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mortality risk valuation; Canada; Contingent valuation; Age; Health status; Risk and Uncertainty; I1; Q20; Q26.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10888

AGENDA: A NEW TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE FARM MANAGEMENT, INTEGRATED IN THE AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo.
AGeNDA is an Italian acronym which stands for Analysis and Integrated Management of the Farm (Analisi e GEstione iNtegrata Dell'Azienda agraria). It denominates a new software developed by a research project carried out at the Department of Agronomy, Environment and Crop Production (DAAPV, University of Padova) in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency of the Veneto Region (ARPAV). Although developed from scratch, the software originates from a past joint research carried out by the two above mentioned institutions in collaboration with the Department of Agricultural Economics and the Center for Farm Financial Management (CFFM) of the University of Minnesota.  The joint research started in the early 1990's, focussing on the Planetor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm management; Agri-environmental policy; Software; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14440

Agglomeration and Growth with and without Capital Mobility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baldwin,   Richard E.; Forslid,   Rikard; Martin,   Philippe; Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Robert-Nicoud,   Frederic.
This paper presents a simple framework in which the location and the growth rate of economic activities are endogenous and interact. We show that the nature of the equilibrium and of the relation between growth and location depends fundamentally on whether capital is assumed to be mobile (in which case we interpret it as physical capital) or immobile (human capital). In the first case, with constant returns to scale, growth and location are independent and no divergence or convergence process takes place. We show that newly created firms can relocate to the poor region, even though there is always a higher share of firms in the rich region, if the industry is competitive and if the return to capital is low. With immobile capital, a process of convergence...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26403

Agglomeration, Spatial Interaction and Convergence in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brauninger,   Michael; Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
We investigate the convergence process among EU regions between 1980-2002 taking into account the effects of spatial heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects. The spatial regimes model allows for different steady-state growth paths. In contrast to previous analyses, the regimes in this paper refer to spatial categories, i.e. we assume that agglomerations, urbanised and rural regions are characterised by group-specific steadystates. Moreover, the regression analysis considers the effects of interaction among neighbouring regions, possibly leading to a spatial dependence of regional growth rates. We check whether spatial dependence is caused by spatial spillovers or based on country effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agglomeration; European Union; Spatial econometrics; Quantile regression; International Development; C21; O52; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26150

AGGREGATE DEMAND AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES: A MACRO-ECONOMIC MODEL OF INDUCED INNOVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ben-Zion,   Uri; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13685

AGGREGATION OVER CONSUMERS AND THE ESTIMATION OF A DEMAND SYSTEM FOR U.S. FOOD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Falconi,   Cesar; Senauer,   Benjamin.
This paper estimates a complete demand system for food for the United States using an extension of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) with household and aggregate data. The major purpose is to explore the implications of aggregation over consumers. Empirical evidence, based on data from the 1980-87 Continuing Consumer Expenditure Surveys, shows that the regression results and demand elasticities of the household and aggregate models and data can be very similar. Further results reveal factors which affect the similarity of the household and aggregate estimates.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14021

Aggregation Theory for Incomplete Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LaFrance,   Jeffrey T.; Beatty,   Timothy K.M.; Pope,   Rulon D.
Gorman's theory of demand is extended comprehensively to incomplete systems. The incomplete systems approach dramatically increases this class of models. The separate roles of symmetry and adding up are identified in the rank and the functional form of this class of models. We show that symmetry determines rank and the maximum rank is three. We show that adding up and 0o homogeneity determines the functional form and there is no functional form restriction for an incomplete system. We prove that every full rank system and reduced rank systems with a minimal level of degeneracy can be written as a polynomial in a single function of income. A complete set of closed form solutions for the indirect objective functions of this class of models is derived. A...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Rank; Functional form; Integrability; Incomplete systems; Weak integrability; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; E21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25033

AGLINK: THE OECD PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforti,   Piero; Londero,   Pierluigi.
The paper presents a general introduction to the structure and the characteristics of AGLINK, in comparison with the other most important global multi-commodity partial equilibrium models. Special reference is made to policy modelling, and particularly to the representation of the most important CAP tools, grouped into four types; direct price support, trade measures, supply management tools, and partially decoupled payments. The model is one of the most interesting efforts, especially in terms of its ability to effectively represent EU agricultural policy tools. The high level of institutional control exerted by the OECD member countries provides AGLINK with a particularly high-level of expertise, and a constant update of information; but it also prevents...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14808

Agrarian Reform in Kyrgyzstan: Achievements and the Unfinished Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Zedik,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54160

AGRARIAN REFORM IN UZBEKISTAN AND OTHER CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bloch,   Peter C.
The five Central Asian countries that gained their independence at the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 have followed different paths of transition to a market economy in the agricultural sector. Kyrgyzstan has been the most aggressive in restructuring agricultural enterprises, privatizing land, and promoting individual farming. Kazakstan and Turkmenistan have had similar legal and policy reforms, but implementation has lagged. Tajikistan's efforts at reform have been hampered by civil strife and continued weakness of government. Uzbekistan, in contrast to the others, has attempted to control its progress towards market-oriented agriculture very closely, with the result that the agrarian sector looks on the surface very similar today to what it looked...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land reform -- Uzbekistan Land reform -- Asia; Central Agriculture and state -- Uzbekistan Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Uzbekistan Agrarian structure (Post-reform) -- Uzbekistan Privatization -- Uzbekistan Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12789

Agribusiness higher education development – training needs analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Juracak,   Josip; Karpati,   Laszlo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48345

AGRIBUSINESS TRADE CREDIT -- A PARADOX
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.
This article utilizes the Survey of Small Business Finances to compare and contrast trade credit practices of rural small business firms.  The results show that these firms borrow money and then re-lend it to others in the form of trade credit.  There is a strong direct relationship between various forms of debt held by these firms and their level of accounts receivable (e.g., trade credit extended to customers).  The actual level of re-lending varied among firms depending on their adoption level of computers that are used for cash management and credit services.  Accounts receivable balances were also dependent on sales levels, costs of doing business, and other income.     The most important source of funds for re-lending was obtained from mortgages and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Trade; Credit; Finance; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23513

Agricultura, Cambio Tecnológico y Medio Ambiente en América Latina: Una Perspectiva para el Año 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trigo,   Eduardo J.
En marzo de 1995, como parte de la iniciativa Visión 2020 del Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI), este Instituto, junto con el Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) y el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura (IICA), patrocinaron un seminario sobre cuestiones de interés para América Latina. La iniciativa apuntaba a desarrollar una visión compartida y un consenso respecto a una acción destinada a satisfacer las necesidades alimentarias mundiales futuras y, al mismo tiempo, reducir la pobreza y proteger el medio ambiente en los países en vías de desarrollo. En este documento, encomendado para el seminario, Eduardo Trigo analiza el rol de la tecnología en la reversión de las...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42281

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND SUBSTRUCTURES IN ARMENIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meloya,   Sergei; Nichols,   John P.
The Armenian land privatization program  is unique among former Soviet Republics in regard to the speed and completeness of its implementation.  Armenia is the smallest of the Republics, with a population of 3.7 million, and was left highly dependent on outside sources for energy and raw materials for industries, and grain for its people and livestock.  Privatization, began in 1991, was largely completed by 1993.  The greatly increased number of individual owners created a need for major restructuring of the industries supplying agriculture and marketing its outputs.  Problems in the substructures from technical supplies to storage and marketing are described.  Recommendations are for the adoption of policies in the substructural spheres of agriculture...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23989

AGRICULTURAL ADAPTATION TO URBANIZATION: FARM TYPES IN NORTHEAST METROPOLITAN AREAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heimlich,   Ralph E.; Barnard,   Charles H.
Metropolitan agriculture is not homogeneous.  This paper delves beneath metropolitan county averages using data on individual farms in the Northeast classified into three statistically distinct types.  A small group of adaptive farms profit from intensive production on smaller acreage to accommodate themselves to the urban environment.  Traditional farms have increased costs and pressures on their more extensive operations without compensating increases in revenue from better-adapted enterprises.  A large group of recreational farms subsidize small-farm activities from nonfarm income.  Operating characteristics of each farm type are presented and their importance to metropolitan agriculture is assessed.  Implications for preserving farming and farmland in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28849

AGRICULTURAL AND COMMUNITY ISSUES: NEW CHALLENGES AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
My comments are divided into five parts: (1) New perspective on the U.S. economy, (2) The Multilateral trade negotiations, (3) Exchange rate policy, (4) Stagnation in productivity growth, (5) Inflation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14031

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Hartmann,   Monika.
One of the striking features in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the deterioration of their agricultural and food trade balance during transition to a market economy as imports increased faster than exports or exports even declined. This paper investigates the Slovenian agricultural and food trade in more detail focusing on changes in the geographical distribution of trade and the nature of trade specialization on the basis of the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade index and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Indices. The results indicate that Slovenian agricultural and food trade largely remains of the inter-industry type with specialisation of exports towards the former Yugoslav markets and imports from the European Union. The proportion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Integration; Agro-food sector; Industrial Organization; F14; F15; P52; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14940

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD TRADE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE CASE OF SLOVENIAN INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Hartmann,   Monika.
One of the striking features in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries is the deterioration of their agricultural and food trade balance during transition to a market economy as imports increased faster than exports or exports even declined. This paper investigates the Slovenian agricultural and food trade in more detail focusing on changes in the geographical distribution of trade and the nature of trade specialization on the basis of the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade index and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade Indices. The results indicate that Slovenian agricultural and food trade largely remains of the inter-industry type with specialisation of exports towards the former Yugoslav markets and imports from the European Union. The proportion of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intra-industry trade; Integration; Agro-food sector; Intra-industrieller Handel; Integration; Agrar- und Ernährungssektor; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; F14; F15; P52; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92027

Agricultural and Rural Capital Markets in the EU Candidate Countries: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
Factor Markets Coordination: Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels, Belgium
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capital market; Agriculture and rural areas; European Union; Candidate countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117489

AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN LATIN AMERICA: NEW DIRECTIONS AND NEW CHALLENGES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Key,   Nigel D.; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25096

Agricultural and Rural Labour Markets in the EU Candidate Countries of Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan.
Factor Markets Coordination: Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels, Belgium
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labour market; Agricultural and rural labour structures; Education; Gender; Unemployment and living conditions in rural areas; Candidate countries; European Union.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117487

AGRICULTURAL AND TRADE DEREGULATION IN NEW ZEALAND: LESSONS FOR EUROPE AND THE CAP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gibson,   John; Hillman,   Jimmye S.; Josling,   Timothy E.; Lattimore,   Ralph G.; Stumme,   Dorothy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51120

Agricultural and Trade Policy Reform and Inequality: The Distributive Effects of Direct Payments to German Farmers  under the EU's New Common Agricultural Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: von Witzke,   Harald; Noleppa,   Steffen.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union has been in a process of reform since the early 1990s. As a result of reforms, agricultural market regulations have become more liberal and direct payments have been introduced which are to a large extent decoupled from production. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the direct payments to farmers on inequality of profits in German agriculture. For this purpose, we decompose measures of absolute and relative inequality in total farm profits into the partial effects of the direct payments and all other profit determinants. Key results of the analysis are that the system of direct payments under the New CAP accounts for about one third of the observed inequality in family farms and for almost...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10289

Agricultural Arbitrage and Risk Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pope,   Rulon D.; LaFrance,   Jeffrey T.; Just,   Richard E.
A structural inter-temporal model of agricultural asset arbitrage equilibrium is developed and applied to agriculture in the North-Central region of the U.S. The data is consistent with unifying level of risk aversion. The levels of risk aversion are more plausible than previous estimates for agriculture. However, the standard arbitrage equilibrium is rejected; perhaps this is due to the period and the shortness of the period studied.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7189

AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE PRIVATIZATION OF GENETIC INFORMATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR INNOVATION AND EQUITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jackson,   Lee Ann.
Changes in intellectual property rights systems have lead to the privatization of genetic resources and subsequently to the proliferation of new agricultural biotechnology products.  Since these innovations have the potential to increase agricultural production while limiting environmental degradation, the benefits from these technologies could be far-reaching.  However, while intellectual property rights are intended to encourage innovation in the private sector, private sector domination of the development of new products may skew the distribution of benefits away from marginally productive agricultural areas where poorer communities live.  The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the tension between the public goals of encouraging innovative use...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14365

Agricultural Chemical Prices in Canada and the United States: A Case Study of Alberta and Montana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Vincent H.; Johnson,   James B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29155

AGRICULTURAL CHOICE DILEMMAS QUESTIONNAIRE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patrick,   George F.; Musser,   Wesley N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28635

AGRICULTURAL COMPETITIVENESS AND CHANGE UNDER GLOBALIZATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
Dr. Won W. Koo, Professor and Director of the Center for Agricultural Policy and Trade Studies, North Dakota State University, and Dr. G. Edward Schuh, Professor and Director of the Freeman Center for International Economic Policy, University of Minnesota, organized a conference, Agricultural Competitiveness and Change under Globalization, held October 11-12, 2004, at the Ramada Plaza Suites and Conference Center in Fargo, North Dakota.  Speakers included Senators Byron Dorgan and Kent Conrad of North Dakota, leaders from agribusinesses and farm groups, government officials, and top economists from universities across the country.  The conference focused on the effects of globalization on U.S. agriculture, with attention given to trade negotiations and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23071

AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE IN THE TRANSITION FROM SOCIALIST COLLECTIVE FARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gardner,   Bruce L.; Lerman,   Zvi.
Cooperative enterprise has appeal as a means of filling gaps in the economic institutions of the rural sectors of the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. But in addition to problems that have faced cooperatives in the West because of their inherent characteristics, the Soviet-era legacy created cultural burdens that cooperatives will have to overcome. A review of countries’ experiences since 1989 indicates some commonalities in attempts to create “new cooperatives,” but also instructive differences across countries. The evidence so far is unfavorable for cooperatives in agricultural production. In marketing and input supply the current situation is more promising. In both production and marketing, the economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7174

Agricultural Cooperatives and Unions of Cooperatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Opportunities for Improvement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   James C.; Matavulj,   Miodrag; Manzuk,   Gregory; Richardson,   John G.
Given the breakup of Yugoslavia and the ensuing war, there has been massive changes in the agricultural structure in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In particular, the remade cooperatives and the unions of cooperatives that are supposed to serve them are struggling. This paper examines the needs of the agricultural cooperatives to be more successful and identifies what support will likely come from the unions of cooperatives and what must come from other sources. Data was obtained in three ways: 1) questionnaires to a large group of cooperatives, 2) focus groups with a smaller number of cooperatives, and 3) personal interviews with union of cooperatives representatives. The findings indicated that the unions of cooperatives are working on institutional issues such...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bosnia and Herzegovina; Agricultural cooperatives; Union of agricultural cooperatives; Agricultural development; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7344

AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROBLEMS AND POLICIES DURING THE TRANSITION TO A MARKET ECONOMY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinnen,   Johan F.M.; Gow,   Hamish R.
This paper assesses the problems of financing Central and Eastern European agriculture during the present transitionary period and what the role of government is in this process.  Initially the paper looks at why credit markets work imperfectly, even in well developed market economies, focusing on the problems related to asymmetric information, adverse selection, moral hazard, credit rationing, the choice of optimal debt instrument and why initial wealth matters.  It shows why these and related problems may cause transaction costs to high enough so that credit rationing and high interest rates are rational and efficient responses by lenders to the imperfect information problems of the agricultural sector. Then a series of specific, transition-related...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31887

Agricultural Development and Child Nutrition: What do We Know?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penders,   Christopher L.; Staatz,   John M.; Tefft,   James F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 6.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11303

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PRO POOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA: POTENTIAL AND POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kydd,   Jonathan; Dorward,   Andrew; Morrison,   Jamie; Cadisch,   Georg.
There is widespread concern at continuing, and indeed deepening, poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, and the lack of processes of rapid and broad based economic growth to combat this. There is also debate about the role agriculture in driving pro-poor economic growth with some arguing that it has a critical role in this while others see it is as largely irrelevant. This paper examines these arguments. We summarise and critique what we term the Washington Consensus on Agriculture (a consensus that appears to be eroding) and alternative positions opposing investment in agriculture. We suggest that both sets of arguments pay insufficient attention to important institutional issues in development, and, having taken these into account, we conclude that agriculture...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10920

Agricultural Development in Traditional Asian Economies: Observations Prompted by a Livestock Study in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
China began its economic reforms in 1979 and Vietnam followed in 1986. Since then both countries have experienced rapid economic growth, falling poverty rates and significant rises in per capita income. At the same time, substantial restructuring of their economies has occurred, a feature of which has been a decline in the relative contribution of agriculture to total employment and output. These changes are outlined. Significant changes have also occurred in the agricultural sectors of China and Vietnam and these are reviewed. In both countries, the livestock sector has grown in relative importance. Households are the main contributors to agricultural production but their individual holdings of land are small and households keeping livestock mostly only...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Asia; China; Economic transition; Farm employment; Land reforms; Land rights; Livestock; Non-farm employment; Structural change; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Q10; Q15; Q18; O2.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90629

Agricultural Development in Uzbekistan: The Effect of Ongoing Reforms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi.
Agricultural transition in Uzbekistan, as in all CIS countries, is driven by a process of land reform, which involves redistribution of land among producers and concomitant changes in farm structure. In this article we review the process of land reform since Uzbekistan’s independence and examine its impacts on agricultural growth and rural family incomes. The analysis is based on official statistics and data from a farm-level survey carried out in 2007.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37945

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE BRAZILIAN FRONTIER: SOUTHERN MATO GROSSO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanders,   John H.; Bein,   Frederick L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13841

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING FOR AN AMERICAN INDIAN RESERVATION: THE CASE OF THE SISSETON-WAHPETON SIOUX TRIBE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.; Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13719

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES IN A SMALL ECONOMY: THE CASE OF TUNISIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Reynold P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13678

Agricultural Distortion Patterns Since the 1950s: What Needs Explaining?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Croser,   Johanna L.; Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto.
This paper summarizes a new database that sheds light on the impact of trade-related policy developments over the past half century on distortions to agricultural incentives and thus also to consumer prices for food in 75 countries spanning the per capita income spectrum. Price-support policies of advanced economies hurt not only domestic consumers and exporters of other products but also foreign producers and traders of farm products, and they reduce national and global economic welfare. On the other hand, the governments of many developing countries have directly taxed their farmers over the past half-century, both directly (e.g., export taxes) and also indirectly via overvaluing their currency and restricting imports of manufactures. Thus the price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50305

Agricultural Distortions, Poverty and Inequality in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herault,   Nicolas; Thurlow,   James.
South Africa has rapidly reduced trade barriers since the end of Apartheid, yet agricultural production and exports have remained sluggish. Also, poverty and unemployment have risen and become increasingly concentrated in rural areas. This paper examines the extent to which remaining price distortions, both domestic and foreign, are contributing to the underperformance of the agricultural sector vis-à-vis the rest of the economy. We draw on a computable general equilibrium (CGE) and micro-simulation model of South Africa that are linked to the results of a global trade model. This framework is used to examine the effects of eliminating global and domestic price distortions. Model results indicate that South Africa’s agricultural sector currently benefits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52792

Agricultural Diversification and Rural Industrialization as a Strategy for Rural Income Growth and Poverty Reduction in Indochina and Myanmar
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goletti,   Francesco.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural diversification; Economic aspects; Indochina; Economic policy; Poverty alleviation; Myanmar; Meat industry and trade; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97385

AGRICULTURAL DIVERSITY AND CASH RECEIPT VARIABILITY FOR INDIVIDUAL STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tauer,   Loren W.; Seleka,   Tebogo B.
Changes in individual states' agricultural production diversity and variance of cash receipts were measured over the 30-year period 1960 through 1989.  Diversity was measured using a general index, of which the inverse Herfindahl and the Entropy are special cases.  Cash receipt variability was measured using a heteroscedasticity correction process.  Although 38 states experienced an increase in cash receipt variability, only 14 states also experienced a decrease in diversification.  Thus, it appears that an increase in cash receipt variability was not due to reduction in diversification for most states.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14764

Agricultural Domestic Support: European Union
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Hans Grinsted.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115434

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Agricultural economics is a field of applied economics. Its scope and its relationship to other social and natural science disciplines has changed over time in response to (a) the social, economic and technical changes impinging on the agricultural sector and (b) progress in economic theory and in other related social and natural science disciplines. The substance of agricultural economics in the United States at the present time can best be understood by reviewing the historical origins of the field and its recent evolution in relation to developments in economic theory, statistics and econometrics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14157

Agricultural Economics: A Brief Intellectual History
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Agricultural economics arose in the late 19th century, combined the theory of the firm with marketing and organization theory, and developed throughout the 20th century largely as an empirical branch of general economics. The discipline was closely linked to empirical applications of mathematical statistics and made early and significant contributions to econometric methods. In the 1960’s and afterward, as agricultural sectors in the OECD countries contracted, agricultural economists were drawn to the development problems of poor countries, to the trade and macroeconomic policy implications of agriculture in richer countries, and to a variety of issues in production, consumption, environmental and resource economics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13649

Agricultural Efficiency Gains and Trade Liberalization in Sudan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siddig,   Khalid H.A.; Babiker,   Babiker Idris.
The traditional agriculture in Sudan occupies 60% of the total cultivated land and employs 65% of the agricultural population. Nevertheless, it is characterized by its low crop productivity, which is mainly driven by low technical efficiency, while drought and civil conflicts threaten most of its areas countrywide.  Therefore, it has contributed only an average of 16% to the total agricultural GDP during the last decade. This paper addresses from an empirical point of view the sectoral and macroeconomic implications of agricultural efficiency improvement in Sudan and assesses the efficiency gains under the assumption of trade liberalization. Efficiency improvement experiments are implemented by augmenting the efficiency parameters of labor, capital, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural efficiency; Liberalization; Sudan SAM; CGE analysis; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; D2; D5; D6; E1; E2; F1; F2; H2.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112786

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN AFRICA AND ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eicher,   Carl K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7431

Agricultural Extension in Kenya: Practice and Policy Lessons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muyanga,   Milu; Jayne,   Thomas S.
A consensus exists that extension services, if functioning effectively, improve agricultural productivity through providing farmers with information that helps them to optimize their use of limited resources. Variations in management practices and husbandry skills among small farmers in Kenya are very great. Tremendous poverty-reducing benefits could be reaped by bringing the production costs of the most inefficient farmers to mean productivity levels. Achieving these gains in maize production efficiency will depend on many factors, but extension is likely to be among the most important. Therefore, the costs to the nation of having an underperforming extension service – in terms of smallholder productivity, incomes, and poverty reduction, and the ability...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Extension services; Kenya; Policy reforms; Privatization; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55168

Agricultural Growth and Investment Options for Poverty Reduction in Rwanda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Fan,   Shenggen; Kanyarukiga,   Sam; Yu,   Bingxin.
An economywide, multimarket (EMM) model was developed for Rwanda to analyze the linkages and trade-offs between growth and poverty reduction goals at both macro- and micro-economic levels. The model includes 30 agricultural commodities or commodity groups from eight broad agricultural subsectors, along with two aggregated nonagricultural sectors. The analysis compares the economic, income, and poverty effects of a variety of growth scenarios based on existing national subsector growth targets. The analysis shows 6 percent of CAADP’s agricultural GDP growth target is achievable if growth reaches its target at the agricultural subsectoral level. But it is not enough for the country to achieve the MDG One, although the national poverty rate in 2015 will be 17...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42427

AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AS A KEY TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Lynn R.; Haddad,   Lawrence James.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16352

AGRICULTURAL GROWTH IS THE KEY TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN LOW-INCOME DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per; Pandya-Lorch,   Rajul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16362

Agricultural Growth Linkages in Ethiopia: Estimates using Fixed and Flexible Price Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Fekadu,   Belay; Haggblade,   Steven; Taffesse,   Alemayehu Seyoum; Wamisho,   Kassu; Yu,   Bingxin.
Accelerating growth and poverty reduction, and the ultimate achievement of structural transformation, are the critical policy challenges in present day Ethiopia. This paper examines relevant growth options in terms of their impact on overall growth and poverty reduction in the country. It deploys a fixed-price semi-input-output model and a flexible-price economy-wide multi-market model for that purpose. The paper finds that agricultural growth can induce higher overall growth and faster poverty reduction than non-agricultural growth, although the latter can also have large growth effects in some cases. Among sub-sectors within agriculture, staple crops have stronger growth linkages. Decomposition of these effects also reveals that consumption linkages are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42419

AGRICULTURAL GROWTH LINKAGES IN ZIMBABWE: INCOME AND EQUITY EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bautista,   Romeo M.; Thomas,   Marcelle.
"September 1998." "MERRISA: Macro Economic Reforms and Regional Integration in Southern Africa." "Presented as a contributed paper at the IAAE Inter-conference Symposium, Challenges Facing Agriculture in Southern Africa, held in Badplaas, South Africa, on August 10-16, 1998"--P. 3. Includes bibliographical references (p. 13-14).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Income -- Rural areas -- Africa; Agricultural development -- Africa; Agricultural policy -- Economic aspects; Households -- Zimbabwe; Social accounting; International Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97549

Agricultural Health and Safety: A Research Agenda for Agricultural Economists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Key,   Ross; Burton,   Robert O., Jr.; Featherstone,   Allen M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/26/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/35461

AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIALIZATION: FOR BETTER OR WORSE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tweeten,   Luther G.
Industrialization of animal agriculture has created a battle groundpitting farmers against farmer, rural residents against large producers, and producer against consumer.  The dilemma (tradeoff) of whether to have more small family farms or to lower food costs (with large farms) cannot easily be resolved.  The answer is to internalize externalities (in waste disposal, odor, etc.), then to allow markets to work.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28337

Agricultural Input Market Reforms. A Review of Selected Literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goletti,   Francesco; Alfano,   Anna.
The objective of this paper is to derive lessons from selected literature concerning the impact and the conditions of successful agricultural input market reform. The agricultural inputs of interest in this review are: fertilizers, seeds, agricultural equipment, pesticides, and livestock services and health inputs. The paper examines the rationale for market reform, its impact on growth, productivity, and income of farmers, and the conditions for success. Six main conclusions emerge from this review. First, market structures are the result of evolutionary processes that accompany the adoption and the diffusion of modern technology in agriculture. Second, the development of markets and private sector cannot occur unless an adequate infrastructure is in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102545

Agricultural Input Use and Market Development in Africa: Recent Perspectives and Insights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kelly,   Valerie A.; Crawford,   Eric W.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11342

Agricultural Insurances Based on Meteorological Indices: Realizations, Methods and Research Agenda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leblois,   Antoine; Quirion,   Philippe.
In many low-income countries, agriculture is mostly rain-fed and yields highly depend on climatic factors. Furthermore, farmers have little access to traditional crop insurance, which suffers from high information asymmetry and transaction costs. Insurances based on meteorological indices could fill this gap since they do not face such drawbacks. However their implementation has been slow so far.  In this article, we first describe the most advanced projects that have taken place in developing countries using these types of crop insurances. We then describe the methodology that has been used to design such projects, in order to choose the meteorological index, the indemnity schedule and the insurance premium. We finally draw an agenda for research in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Insurance; Climatic Risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; G21; O12; Q12; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91004

AGRICULTURAL LAND CONVERSION IN THE TWIN CITIES: PART II, THE NATIONAL RESOURCES INVENTORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wegner,   Thomas D.; Ploetz,   Susan T.; Taff,   Steven J.
We divided the thirteen-county Twin Cities Metropolitan Statistical Area into a “core” and a “fringe” of seven and six counties, respectively. The National Resources Inventory estimates that 170 thousand acres of the Core were converted from agriculture to other uses between 1982 and 1987, while only about 46 thousand acres of the Fringe were so converted. The conversion rate was much greater in the Core than on the Fringe according to the NRI—but not according to the Census of Agriculture. The number of acres of agricultural land converted for each new resident ranged from 0.15 in Sherburne County to 2.49 in Pierce County. Viewed another way, the increase in urban land to house new residents ranged from 0.28 in Ramsey County to 1.23 acres per person in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13303

AGRICULTURAL LAND DRAINAGE COSTS AND RETURNS IN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Kerestes,   Daniel E.
The objectives of this study are to (1) introduce some of the topics relative to on-farm drainage decisions in rural Minnesota, (2) briefly describe on-farm drainage methods, (3) estimate the current costs of constructing on-farm drains, (4) estimate the returns to agricultural land drainage, and (5) examine the economic feasibility of on-farm drainage in Minnesota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13960

Agricultural Land Elasticities in the United States and Brazil
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barr,   Kanlaya J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.; Nassar,   Andre Meloni; Harfuch,   Leila.
The elasticity of aggregate supply is one key to understanding the degree to which policy-induced increases in demand for biofuel feedstocks or agricultural CO2 offsets will result in higher prices or expanded supply. In this paper we report land supply elasticities for the United States and Brazil estimated directly from the observed changes in cropland and estimated changes in expected returns. The resulting aggregate implied land-use elasticities with respect to price are quite inelastic in the United States and more elastic in Brazil (0.007-0.029 and 0.382-0.895, respectively). However, with pasture land included in Brazil, implied elasticities become much less inelastic (0.007-0.245).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acreage elasticity; Brazil; Indirect land-use change; Land-use elasticities.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58047

Agricultural land management strategies to reduce phosphorus loads in the Gippsland Lakes, Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roberts,   Anna M.; Pannell,   David J.; Doole,   Graeme J.; Vigiak,   Olga.
A target to reduce phosphorus flows into the Gippsland Lakes in south-eastern Australia by 40 per cent to improve water quality has previously been established by stakeholders. An integrated analysis at the catchment scale is undertaken to assess the agricultural land management changes required to achieve this target, and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these changes. It appears technically feasible to achieve a 40 per cent reduction in P load entering the lakes, but the least-costly way of doing so would require around A$1 billion over 20 years, a dramatic increase in the current levels of funding provided for management. On the other hand, a 20 per cent P reduction could be achieved at much lower cost: around $80 million over 20 years and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit: cost analysis; Dairy; Diffuse source; Trade-offs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q53; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102454

AGRICULTURAL LAND PROTECTION POLICY FOR ALBANIA: LESSONS FROM WESTERN EUROPE, NORTH AMERICA, AND JAPAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Harvey M.
This report has been prepared as one effort to assist the Albanian government in formulating a policy approach appropriate to the conditions and culture of their country. The goal of this report is to examine the approach to agricultural land protection in other parts of the world, for the lessons they can provide to Albania. There is little recent literature on the subject of agricultural land protection policies. Most of the articles found in the English-language literature are six to ten years old, and in turn often rely on other sources that are several years older still. Thus, this survey should be viewed as a somewhat dated catalog of policy approaches which have been used at various times in the respective jurisdictions rather than as a statement of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land use; Rural--Government policy--Europe Land use; Rural--Government policy--Canada Land use; Rural--Government policy--United States Land use; Rural--Government policy--Japan Land use; Rural--Law and legislation Agriculture and state--Albania Agricultural planning--Albania Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12811

AGRICULTURAL LAND USE POLICY: SOME PERSPECTIVES AND OBSERVATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Snyder,   Robert W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13550

AGRICULTURAL LAND VALUES AND URBAN GROWTH; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tempesta,   Tiziano; Thiene,   Mara.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14382

AGRICULTURAL LOAN OFFICERS' ROLES IN COOPERATIVE INVESTMENT IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Brooks M.; Cobia,   David W.
We surveyed agricultural loan officers and their supervisors in North Dakota to learn what factors influenced the decision to make loans to farmers investing in new agricultural cooperatives. We found that the Farm Credit Services and other large institutions made a disproportionately large share of the loans.  Furthermore, institutions with minimal equity, but with low levels of non-current loans and a high return on equity, were more likely than others to make the loans.  Experienced agricultural loan officers and those who attended a cooperative's information meeting or reviewed the business plan were more likely to make loans.  Loan officers granted loans to applicants who met conservative lending criteria.  The decision was not based on the loan...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23207

AGRICULTURAL LOAN REVIEW AND RISK RATING FOR COMMUNITY BANKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pederson,   Glenn D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13426

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Dale C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13542

AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION IN MARKET AND PLANNED ECONOMIES: THE GERMAN EXPERIENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Adolf.
In this paper, views of large scale farm organization are traced from the 19th century to date. Then, the structures of East and West German industry and agriculture are described. Next the productivity of East and West German agricultural land and labor are compared for the period 1958-1969. The paper is concluded with general observations on the effects of collectivization. Implications are drawn for nations now evaluating alternative solutions to economic and social problems of agricultural development.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13516

AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK RELATIVE TO FARM INCOME AND THE FARM FINANCIAL CRUNCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13696

AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE FORMER SOVIET REPUBLIC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Kislev,   Yoav; Kriss,   Alon; Biton,   David.
The paper reviews agricultural development in the fifteen former Soviet republics over the period 1965-1997.  Production functions are estimated and productivity differences and changes calculated.  Large differences were found in terms of productivity and growth between the republics.  The differences grew after 1990 reflecting variation in reform policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14999

Agricultural Policies and Soil Degradation in Western Canada: An Agro-Ecological Economic Assessment: Report 3. The Integration of the Environmental and Economic Components
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouzaher,   Aziz; Shogren,   Jason F.; Holtkamp,   Derald; Gassman,   Philip W.; Archer,   David W.; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.; Reese,   Randall; Furtan,   William Hartley; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Kiniry,   James R.
The interface between RS-CRAM and the environmental component of the integrated modeling system is described for crops, crop sequences, and management systems representative of western Canada.  An experimentally designed set of EPIC simulations were performed to generate erosion output that was used to construct wind and water erosion metamodels (response functions).  The results of the EPIC simulations indicate that wind and water erosion would be the dominant erosion problem over most of Saskatchewan and Manitoba.  For Alberta, water erosion was predicted to be the dominant problem, except for the southern portion of the province.  Erosion impacts were sensitive to tillage and cropping patterns.  EPIC-predicted yields did not vary much across tillage, a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18681

Agricultural Policies and Soil Degradation in Western Canada: An Agro-Ecological Economic Assessment: Report 4. Modifications to CRAM and Policy Evaluation Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouzaher,   Aziz; Shogren,   Jason F.; Holtkamp,   Derald; Gassman,   Philip W.; Archer,   David W.; Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.; Reese,   Randall; Kakani,   Dharmaraju; Furtan,   William Hartley; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Kiniry,   James R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18674

Agricultural Policies and the GATT: Reconciling Protection, Support and Distortion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Harvey,   David R.
This paper analyzes the relationship between the theory of protection, farm income support and international trade distortion. To parallel those of protection, a measure of distortion is derived which compares trade volumes under support policies with those which would occur under multilateral free trade. Estimates are made of these measures for the European Community and the United States for a selection of commodities. The relationship between measures of protection and economic efficiency is also highlighted. The conclusion is that present measures of protection such as the Producer Subsidy Equivalent are confusing as measures of either trade distortion or income support. Some implications are drawn for the GAIT negotiations on agriculture and for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51153

Agricultural policies in India: Producer Support Estimates 1985-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mullen,   Kathleen; Orden,   David; Gulati,   Ashok.
Since the early 1990s, India has undergone substantial economic policy reform and economic growth. Though reforms in agricultural policy have lagged those in other sectors, they have nonetheless created a somewhat more open economic orientation. In this study, we evaluate the protection and support versus disprotection of agriculture in India. Our methodology involves examining market price support (MPS) for eleven crops, the expenditures on input subsidies benefiting farmers (for fertilizer, electricity and irrigation), and product-specific and total producer support estimates (PSEs) over the period 1985-2002. We draw on the extensive price-comparison and subsidy-measurement data sets and analysis developed earlier by Gulati and his co-authors, often...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: South Asia; South Asia and Central Asia; Agricultural policy; Producer Support Estimates (PSEs); Agricultural support; Agricultural production; Scaling up; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59821

Agricultural Policies in the Presence of Distorting Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper uses analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to assess the efficiency impacts of agricultural policies in a second-best setting with pre-existing distortionary taxes. We analyze production subsidies, production quotas, acreage controls, subsidies for acreage reductions and lump sum transfers to agricultural producers. We find that pre-existing taxes raise the cost of all these policies and by a substantial amount. Under our central estimates this increase in cost is typically at least 100-200 percent. Two effects underlie these results. First, raising the rates of distortionary taxes to finance subsidy policies leads to additional efficiency losses. Second, policies that raise (lower) the costs of producing agricultural output lead...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Distortionary taxes; Efficiency impacts; General equilibrium analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q18; H21.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10905

Agricultural Policy Adjustments in East Asia: The Korean Rice Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kwon,   Yong Dae; Yamauchi,   Hiroshi.
The processes of agricultural policy decision-making in the East Asian economies of Japan, Taiwan, and Korea are characterized by the complex interactions of competing special interest groups in their respective political arenas. An analytical model is designed to investigate how adjustments in rice price policies are endogenously related to the political economic forces associated with macroeconomic changes. The model is tested against the case of Korean rice price policy, which has not been satisfactorily explained in earlier modeling efforts. A political preference function is used to estimate the relative political weights of producers, consumers, and government over a 25-year period (1961-1985) during which major macroeconomic changes occurred. A...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogenous rice policy; Political macroeconomy; Political preference function; Political weights; Econometric simulation; East Asia; Korea; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51260

Agricultural Policy and Its Impact on Labor Migration from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: D'Antoni,   Jeremy M.; Mishra,   Ashok K.
Recent generations of farmers have experienced considerable difficulties earning a consistent living wage to support the needs of themselves and their families.  To meet these needs, many farmers and their spouses have increasingly left the agricultural industry to seek employment.  Previous studies have found government policies intended to slow the migration of labor from agriculture have little influence.  Using an autoregressive distributed lag model and adjusting for non-stationary variables in the labor migration equation, direct government payments were found to have a negative and significant effect on labor migration from agriculture.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Labor; Government Payments; Time Series; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56426

AGRICULTURAL POLICY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION; Proceedings of the Fourth Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tarditi,   Secondo.
The reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) adopted on 21 May 1992, to be implemented by 1996, anticipates some essential features of the 1994 Uruguay GATT Agreement to be implemented between 1995 and 2000.  Together these two events will change substantially, and sometimes reverse, the past trends in the EU agricultural policy, and generate unprecedented changes in production, trade, as well as in producers’ and consumers’ welfare, creating conditions for a more timely structural adjustment.  This paper will first outline the new scenario of agricultural policy in the EU in order to better devise its likely impact on the economy, namely on income distribution, on resource allocation and on the natural and social environment.  A third part of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14413

AGRICULTURAL POLICY DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES: 1991-93
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Vande Kamp,   Philip R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13906

AGRICULTURAL POLICY EVALUATIONS USING IMPLAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Siverts,   L. Eric; Alward,   Gregory S.; Maki,   Wilbur R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13999

Agricultural Policy in Developing Countries: The Transfer of Resources from Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7496

Agricultural Policy Indicators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Josling,   Timothy E.; Valdes,   Alberto.
This paper outlines a methodological approach for use by FAO to collect, analyze and monitor agricultural policy indicators (API) for developing countries. The aim is to establish a consistent and comparable set of policy indicators, allowing analysts to examine whether agriculture in particular countries is being stimulated or retarded by the set of policies employed. The API should also be useful in the context of quantitative models of policy impacts and market projections. Ideally, the indicators should function as building blocks for the more comprehensive policy measurement. This paper is presented in four parts. Part I gives an overview of the rationale for monitoring, the relationship between policy monitoring, quantitative modeling and evaluation,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Trade and development; Policy indicators; Domestic support; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q11; Q17; Q18; O10; O19.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23789

AGRICULTURAL POLICY PREFERENCES: WHEAT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1981-1990
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oskam,   Arie J.; von Witzke,   Harald.
This paper outlines DEBET (Decision Based Economic Theory), a method for determining revealed preferences of governments. DEBET is applied to US wheat policy decisions in the 1980s. This method has a number of advantages over alternative approaches to the analysis of revealed preferences of government. It makes use of information contained in policy alternatives contemplated but not agreed upon, and it is suitable for modeling the discrete - continuous choice problem of policy makers in a multi-instrument context.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14004

AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN JAPAN AND WTO NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Honma,   Masayoshi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23685

AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN THE UNITED STATES: AN UNFINISHED AGENDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stuart,   Kimberly; Runge,   C. Ford.
The paper is divided into three sections: a discussion of the major provisions of the FAIR act of 1996 [Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996]; a review of the political forces leading up to it; and a discussion of reforms that could extend the incipient agenda that it represents.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14360

AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN THE UNITED STATES: NOTES ON THE 1995-96 FARM BILL; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anthony,   Willis Eugene; Runge,   C. Ford.
The new Farm Bill, the Federal Agricultural Improvement Act (FAIR) of 1996, contains numerous new provisions which mark important breaks with the past.  In this brief summary, we will focus on three areas of potential interest to an international audience, first briefly detailing the changes, then offering a view from one author's perspective as a practicing farmer in South-Central Minnesota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14412

Agricultural Policymaking in Germany: Implications for the German Position in Multilateral Trade Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tangermann,   Stefan; Kelch,   David R.
This paper analyzes the historical development of German agriculture and agricultural policy with the purpose of providing a deeper understanding of the German position in international negotiations on agricultural trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51139

Agricultural Price Distortion and Stabilization: Stylized facts and Hypothesis Tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.; Garcia,   Andres F.
This paper describes agricultural policy choices and tests some predictions of political economy theories. It begins with three broad stylized facts: governments tend to tax agriculture in poorer countries, and subsidize it in richer ones, tax both imports and exports more than nontradables, and tax more and subsidize less where there is more land per capita. We test a variety of political-economy explanations, finding results consistent with hypothesized effects of rural and urban constituents’ rational ignorance about small per-person effects, governance institutions’ control of rent-seeking by political leaders, governments’ revenue motive for taxation, and the role of time consistency in policy-making. We also find that larger groups obtain more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural price distortions; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; D78; F11; H23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50301

Agricultural Price Distortions, Poverty and Inequality in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cororaton,   Caesar B.; Corong,   Erwin L.; Cockburn,   John.
This paper analyzes the poverty and inequality implications of removing agricultural and non-agricultural price distortions in the domestic market of the Philippines and abroad. Liberalization in the rest of the world is poverty and inequality reducing, whereas full domestic liberalization increases national poverty and inequality. Poverty declines while inequality increases marginally in the combined scenario of both global and domestic agriculture reform. Although the reduction in the national poverty headcount is small in the latter scenario, the poorest of the poor – particularly those living in the rural areas – emerge as “winners”, given their strong reliance on agricultural production and unskilled labor wages.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52790

AGRICULTURAL PRICE SPREADS AND MARKET PERFORMANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azzam,   Azzeddine M.; Pagoulatos,   Emilio; Schroeter,   John R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115900

Agricultural Prices, Food Consumption and the Health and Productivity of Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosenzweig,   Mark R.; Pitt,   Mark M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7471

AGRICULTURAL PRICES: THIRD WORLD DILEMMA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Due to a lack of internationally comparable agricultural price data, implicit output/input price ratios are constructed as the reciprocals of input MPPs. The MPPs are estimated by a production function fitted to data from a world cross section of 119 countries. Although the output/purchased input price rations are substantially higher for the developed nations than the less developed countries, the opposite is true of the output/labor price ratio. The price of agricultural output relative to wages and per capita income is nearly three times greater in the third world than in the developed countries. Price and trade policies which maintain output prices in developing countries below world market levels are seen as a compromise between the low...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14133

AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS IN THAILAND SOME POLICY ALTERNATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Welsch,   Delane E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14269

AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING PLANTS IN NORTH DAKOTA: SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Sell,   Randall S.
The socioeconomic impact of four agricultural processing plants on their respective North Dakota communities was investigated.  The objectives were (1) to evaluate the impact of plant construction and operation on economic, demographic, public service, and fiscal structures of rural areas and (2) to develop a set of general principles and recommended actions for community leaders to follow when a new agricultural processing facility is being considered. The selected communities were Carrington (Foster County), Jamestown (Stutsman County), New Rockford (Eddy County), and Wapheton (Richland County).  In-depth personal interviews of community leaders were conducted in each community.  In addition, a representative from the agricultural processing plant was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural processing; Community impact; Economic development; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23470

Agricultural Production Clubs: Viability and Welfare Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langinier,   Corinne; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Consumers are in general less informed than producers about the quality of agricultural goods. To reduce he information gap, consumers can rely on standards (e.g., certification) that ensure quality and origin of the goods. These costly standards can be adopted by a group of producers of high-quality goods. We study the formation of such a group that we model as a club. We first investigate under what circumstances a club of a given size is desirable for producers, and for society. We then analyze the optimal size of the club when there exists a direct barrier to entry, and when there is no barrier.  We find that for intermediate values of certification costs, the industry and a club of a given size of certified producers have divergent incentives....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asymmetric information; Certification; Clubs; Quality; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18606

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CONTRACTS TO REDUCE NITRATE LEACHING: A WHOLE-FARM ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chu,   Mei-Chin; Swinton,   Scott M.; Batie,   Sandra S.; Dobbins,   Craig L.
Ten alternative seed corn contract specifications are evaluated with respect to nitrate leaching and profitability for the processor firm (principal) and contracted grower (agent). A whole-farm optimization and feasibility analysis suggest that contract terms can be used to reduce non-point source pollution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11806

Agricultural Production Incentives: Fertilizer Markets and Insights from Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wanzala,   Maria N.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Staatz,   John M.; Mugera,   Amin W.; Kirimi,   Justus; Owuor,   Joseph.
The paper has several specific objectives. First, it identifies how fertilizer marketing costs and the types of fertilizers used have changed over the course of the liberalization process in Kenya. A second objective is to examine the fertilizer subsector in Kenya with a view to identifying organizational and institutional changes that could improve its performance. Various types of fertilizer supply chains serving farmers in western Kenya are identified, examine the cost structure of these supply chains, identify potential sources of cost reduction in these supply chains, and last, estimate the impact of illustrative scenarios for reducing fertilizer marketing costs on the profitability of maize production in western Kenya.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Kenya; Fertilizer; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55150

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN CHINA: FARM LEVEL VERSUS NATIONAL MEASUREMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; Chen,   Jing; Chu,   Baojin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; China; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11954

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rungsuriyawiboon,   Supawat; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index has been extensively applied in the literature to measure productivity growth decomposition. This study applies a parametric decomposition of a Generalized Malmquist TFP index to measure and compare the levels and trends in agricultural productivity in European countries, making use of the most-recent data available from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nations. The aim of this study is to measure TFP developments in agriculture of transition countries after breakdown of socialism and to compare their TFP growth with other European countries. The Generalized Malmquist productivity index can be decomposed into technological change, technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transition countries; Malmquist; Multifactor Productivity; Agriculture; Productivity Analysis; Q16; Q18; P27.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14903

Agricultural Productivity in China and India: A Comparative Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Lung-Fai.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7510

AGRICULTURAL PROFITABILITY IN THE 1980'S
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.
I'll try, in this paper, to provide some information for the "prudent" planner to consider as he plans farming operations for the 1980's. First a look at farm planning prices, then a few observations on ag profitability and possible changes in ag structure during the coming decade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14003

AGRICULTURAL PROSPECTS IN CENTRALLY PLANNED ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13425

Agricultural Protection and Poverty in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Indonesia of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that global reform of trade policy in all commodities is a significant potential source of poverty reduction for Indonesia. The poor – rural and urban – have a strong interest in global trade policy reform. If Indonesia were to liberalize unilaterally, poverty incidence also would decline but the effect is small. If liberalization is confined to agricultural products, the effects are similar but the declines in poverty incidence within Indonesia are much smaller.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52788

Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded an international agreement which spread heavy government intervention and protection against imports across the continent. This paper offers hypotheses as to the causes of these dramatic changes in agricultural protection.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political economy; Agricultural distortions; High-income countries; Economic development of Europe; F13; N53; O13; Q18; P16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50296

Agricultural R&amp;D Policy: A Tragedy of the International Commons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Jennifer S.; Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.
Replaced with revised version of paper 07/10/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43094

Agricultural Recovery and Individual Land Tenure: Lessons from Central Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93126

Agricultural Recovery and Individual Land Tenure: Lessons from Central Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54714

Agricultural Research and Poverty Alleviation: Some International Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
Invited paper for the John L. Dillon AO Commemorative Day on ‘Agricultural Research: Challenges and Economics in the New Millenium’ The University of New England, Armidale NSW Australia, September 20, 2002
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118375

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND POVERTY REDUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Haddad,   Lawrence James.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16233

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES - THEIR RELEVANCE TO TODAY'S ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13417

Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer by the Private Sector in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7526

Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer by the Private Sector in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7524

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
In this paper I first review the sources that have accounted for growth of agricultural production in the past. I then examine the more recent evidence on the contribution of research to growth in agricultural production. Finally, I present some of my own perspectives on issues related to the support for agricultural research and the focus of agricultural research effort over the next several decades.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13561

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND URBAN POVERTY IN INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen.
Using a similar analytical approach to a study in China, this paper analyzes the impact of agricultural research on urban poverty reduction in India. State level data from 1970 to 1995 were used in the empirical analysis. It is found that in addition to its large impact on rural poverty reduction, agricultural research investments have also played a major role in the reduction of urban poverty. Agricultural research investments increase agricultural production, and increased production in turn lowers food prices. The urban poor often benefit proportionately more than the non-poor since they spend 50-80% of their income on food. Among all the rural investments considered in this study, agricultural research has the largest impact on urban poverty reduction...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; India; Agricultural research; Urban; Poverty; Food price; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16079

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES OF ALTERNATIVE FUNDING MECHANISM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Just,   Richard E.
The United States has developed a very successful R&amp;D system for agriculture.  It is a system with shared cost/financing and performance by the federal and state governments and by the private sector.  The paper presents an economic analysis of alternative organization, management, incentive, and funding mechanisms for agricultural research under budget constraints, including some emphasis on the kinds of benefits that are generated and the groups that receive them.  We conclude that the private sector should be permitted to carry out research that it finds profitable to undertake with minimal competition from the public sector.  The public research institutions should focus on general and pretechnology science programs that complement private R&amp;D...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research; R&amp;D; Funding; Innovations; Science; Agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18259

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN BRITISH AND PAKISTANI PUNJAB; AN INDUCED INNOVATION INTERPRETATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14201

Agricultural Research in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardwell,   Vernon B.; Moomaw,   James C.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8437

AGRICULTURAL, RESOURCE, AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS WITH A "MULTIFUNCTIONALITY" PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobbs,   Thomas L.
This paper provides an overview of use of the multifunctionality perspective in evaluating farming systems and agri-environmental policies.  Concepts and applications are presented at three levels: (1) farm level; (2) local or regional level; and (3) national and international level.  The paper is intended primarily for multidisciplinary professional and student audiences.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32025

Agricultural Risk Analysis in the Fars Province of Iran: A Risk-Programming Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kehkha,   Ahmad Ali; Mohammadi,   Gholamreza Soltani; Villano,   Renato A.
Mathematical programming methods are widely used for modelling farmers' decision-making and for economic analysis in agriculture.  In this study, a MOTAD risk-programming model is applied to study the effects of risk on cropping pattern and farmers' income in Ramjerd and Sarpaniran districts near Marvdasht in the Fars Province of Iran.  Primary data from 194 farmers randomly selected from 31 villages are used in this study.  The results indicate that variability of crops gross margins or outcomes has a significant effect on cropping pattern but it varies over different farmers and regions with various conditions.  Moreover, it was found that farm plans with more number of crops have a lower return but high degree of certainty.  Based on this research,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk analysis; MOTAD model; Risk-programming model.; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12897

Agricultural science and technology policy for growth and poverty reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omamo,   Steven Were; Naseem,   Anwar.
This paper argues that the largely unrealized potential of agricultural science and technology (S&amp;T) in promoting growth and poverty reduction in developing countries results from deeply rooted incompatibility among policy environments, institutional arrangements, and micro conditions and behavior in agricultural research and development (R&amp;D). Achieving growth and poverty reduction based on greater agricultural productivity therefore means achieving greater compatibility among these three dimensions of agricultural innovation systems. Research is sorely needed to build understanding of (1) the “big picture” influencing agricultural S&amp;T policy design and implementation in developing countries, (2) strategies for sustainable funding and delivery...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Science; Technology; Policy; Institutions; Poverty reduction; Agricultural technology; Agricultural science; Policy research; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59694

Agricultural Sciences in Upland Northern Vietnam: Situating Research in a Dynamic Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Friedrichsen,   Rupert.
This paper aims to provide an introductory overview over the socio-cultural context of Northern Vietnam to agricultural researchers. The paper focuses on the interplay between Vietnam's lowlands and the uplands to specify what makes the Northern uplands a distinct region; as an object of empirical agricultural research and as a context of application of research results.  The paper reviews the developments of selected social institutions from pre-colonial times to the current era of "renovation". First, developments in Vietnam's legal and administrative structures are outlined. Second, education and higher education, particularly the agricultural  sciences, are discussed. The third and main part elaborates on social, political, and economic specifics of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vietnam; Northern uplands; Agricultural research; Ethnic minorities; Institutions; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8532

Agricultural Statistics For Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bollman,   Ray D.
Agricultural statistics programs typically focus on the production and sale of agricultural products. Thus, only units with farming activities are "in scope".  The farm population is declining relatively and absolutely in developed countries. Rural employment solutions will not come from agricultural development. Obtaining information for rural development via farm surveys will provide an increasingly narrow picture of rural society. Farm survey information will be most useful for rural analysis when it is presented in its rural context.  Some on-farm and within-farm-household diversification will increase rural employment. This should be measured early to allow policy analysts to understand the type of unit that "adopts" such diversification strategies....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28023

Agricultural Sustainability and the Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
In order to cater for the predicted growth in global population and aspirations for increased living standards, the world needs to increase substantially its level of agricultural production and sustain agriculture’s increased productivity. New technologies may enable this to occur but they also bring with them increased sustainability problems. There are many complex dimensions to achieving agricultural sustainability such as deciding on what agricultural attributes are worth sustaining and considering what trade-offs in objectives are required. These issues are discussed from a conceptual point of view. It is also shown using economic theory that market-based agriculture limits the opportunity for individual farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural sustainability; Biodiversity; Co-evolution; Economic sustainability; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Monopolisation; Patents; Social sustainability.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q000; Q010; Q200; Q300; Q500; Q570.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55335

Agricultural Sustainability in Marginal Areas: Principles, Policies and Examples from Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: South Asia; Agricultural sustainability; Natural resource conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53635

Agricultural tariff rate quotas in the EU 1997-2002: Do developing countries enjoy quota rents?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laroche Dupraz,   Catherine; Matthews,   Alan.
Tariff rate quotas (TRQs) were introduced and legitimised as a market access instrument in the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA). TRQs combine both restrictions on imports, as well as safeguarding current or preferential agricultural trade flows. When market access is restricted by a high tariff level beyond the quota, exporters that enjoy the low in-quota tariff may be able to gain a share of the quota rent. The paper analyses the implementation of 87 EU agricultural TRQs between 1997 and 2002 to examine their economic significance from the point of view of developing countries. Analysis of the database shows that TRQ trade can generate a high preference margin but that the potential rent is not so high. Moreover, this potential rent is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tariff rate quotas; Quota rents; Developing countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7213

AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY AND FOOD POLICY TO COMBAT IRON DEFICIENCY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bouis,   Howarth E.
Breeding for food-staple plant varieties that load high amounts of iron and zinc in their seeds holds great promise for making a significant, low-cost, and sustainable contribution to reducing iron and zinc deficiencies in humans in developing countries. This strategy also may well have important spinoff effects for increasing farm productivity in developing countries in an environmentally-beneficial way. Understanding how household incomes, food prices, and culturally-based preference patterns interact to drive food consumption and nutrient intake patterns can provide crucial background information for designing effective nutrition intervention programs. Research in both of these areas is being pursued under a five-year project organized by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49996

Agricultural Technology Choices for Poor Farmers in  Less-Favored Areas of South and East Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.
During the past several decades dramatic improvement has occurred in agricultural productivity and livelihoods in South and East Asia, stimulated by the Green Revolution and supported by several other factors. Nevertheless, hundreds of millions of rural people in less-favored environments of this region still live in poverty and received limited benefit from the Green Revolution. To address these problems, alternative technological approaches to the conventional Green Revolution technologies are being advocated to address the problems of poor farmers in less-favored areas of Asia, including low external input and sustainable agricultural approaches, organic agriculture and biotechnology. This paper reviews the literature on agricultural technology options...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural technologies; Low-external input and sustainable agriculture; Organic farming; Biotechnology; Less favored areas; Rural poverty; South and East Asia; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42404

AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE DOHA ROUND: LESSONS FROM COMMODITY STUDIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beghin,   John C.; Aksoy,   Ataman.
While global analytical approaches to agricultural trade liberalization yield large gains for most economies, there are substantial variations in the policy regimes across commodities. To clarify the multiplicity of distortions and impacts, the World Bank's Trade Department undertook a series of commodity studies. The studies highlight the important challenges faced by negotiating countries in the Doha Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) trade negotiations. The studies provide a sharper look at the North-South dimensions of the agricultural trade debate, with the North's trade barriers, domestic support, and tariff escalation. They also underscore the South-South challenges on border protection and the reduced rural income opportunities for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Commodities; Doha Round; Trade negotiations; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18301

AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN THE URUGUAY ROUND: INTO FINAL BATTLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13951

AGRICULTURAL TRADE ISSUES AND THE 1995 FARM BILL; Proceedings of the Fourth Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford; Rosson,   C. Parr, III.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14410

Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Implications for Productive Factors in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liapis,   Peter S.; Shane,   Mathew.
This report presents preliminary results of impacts on factors of production in the United States, following reductions in assistance to agriculture. Analysis was conducted by modifying the production structure of the U.S. country model in SWOPSIM to explicitly include inputs employed by agriculture. The results indicate that it is important to adequately model the production technology and include inputs, otherwise simulation results may not capture the impact of liberalization on input use and may not adequately represent changes in producer income.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51130

Agricultural Trade Liberalization in a Multi-Sector World Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krissoff,   Barry; Ballenger,   Nicole.
Impacts of agricultural and nonagricultural trade liberalization on agriculture are assessed in a multi-commodity, multi-country framework. By modeling simultaneously all goods sectors of the economy, we evaluate the importance of (1) relative price changes between sectors and (2) income and exchange rate adjustments that follow trade liberalization in a world of floating rates. Specifically, we compare two cases using a static world policy simulation (SWOPSIM) model: agricultural multilateral liberalization and complete multilateral liberalization with floating exchange rates for all countries/region. In both cases agricultural commodity prices tend to increase, an effect which is more pronounced when currency values adjust. The developing countries, in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51244

Agricultural Trade Liberalization Under Doha: The Risks Facing African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badiane,   Ousmane.
African countries tend to be affected by global agricultural policies in the same way as other economies but with much more severe economy-wide repercussions. Most African countries find themselves at the lower end of the economic growth process, which implies a much greater dependence of overall economic growth on domestic demand, agricultural incomes, and agricultural trade. They tend to be characterized by a higher degree of trade openness, increasing dependency on food imports, heavy reliance on agricultural exports for foreign exchange earnings, and lower absorption capacities of global market shocks. These features do not only make African economies more vulnerable to distortions and changes in global trading policies in the agricultural sector. They...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42812

AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICIES AND TRADE RELATIONS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergschmidt,   Angela; Hartmann,   Monika.
The economic changes during transition involved a shift away from the planned foreign trade organization within the council for mutual economic assistance. Following a phase of farreaching trade policy liberalization, the agricultural sector in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) has in the last years again been increasingly regulated. At the same time as the CEECs are striving for accession to the European Union, regional free trade agreements (FTA) and membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) have gained importance. The analysis shows that an effective reduction of agricultural protectionism as a result of WTO obligations can only be expected from a small number of CEECs. The effects induced through changes in international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14896

Agricultural Trade Policy Options for Sri Lanka During Crisis Times
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weerahewa,   Jeevika; Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sri Lanka; Trade; Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90882

Agricultural Trade Reform and Poverty in Thailand: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Warr,   Peter G.
A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Thailand of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that across the board trade liberalization is poverty-reducing within Thailand, whether other countries participate in the liberalization or not. This poverty reduction occurs among both farm and non-farm households and this qualitative outcome is not dependent on the particular poverty line used in the analysis. Liberalization in agricultural products alone raises poverty incidence among farm households, while reducing it slightly among non-farm households.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52791

AGRICULTURAL TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.; Josling,   Timothy E.; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15852

Agricultural Trade Restrictiveness in the European Union and the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Salvatici,   Luca.
This paper provides a summary measure of the Uruguay Round tariff reduction commitments in the European Union and the United States, using the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index (MTRI) as the tariff aggregator. We compute the index for agricultural commodity aggregates assuming a specific (Constant Elasticity of Substitution) functional form for import demand. The levels of the MTRI under the actual commitments of the Uruguay Round are computed and compared with two hypothetical cases, the Swiss Formula leading to a 36 percent average decrease in tariffs and a uniform 36 percent reduction of each tariff. This makes it possible to infer how reducing tariff dispersion would help improve market access in future trade agreements.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural prices; Income; International agricultural trade; Policy analysis; Tariffs and tariff factors; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18594

AGRICULTURAL VALUE ADDED: PROSPECTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Lim,   Siew Hoon; Tweeten,   Kathleen M.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Wilson,   William W.; McKee,   Gregory J.; Nganje,   William E.; DeVuyst,   Cheryl Sinn; Saxowsky,   David M.
Introduction: This report provides an overview of the important factors affecting investments in agricultural value-added ventures.  The introductory section outlines current research on factors important in the location of economic activity.  Research applied to specific agricultural value-added ventures, such as food manufacturing and livestock feeding and finishing operations, are discussed.  A listing of resources available to entrepreneurs considering value-added investments concludes the introductory section.  Following the introductory section are short overviews of industries that already have, or may have, potential for increasing economic activity in the state.  All are based on the important foundation of agriculture in the state's economy or...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23652

AGRICULTURAL WAGES AND FOOD PRICES IN EGYPT: A GOVERNORATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR 1976-1993
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Datt,   Gaurav; Olmsted,   Jennifer.
The trend in real agricultural wages in Egypt is described well by an inverted U-shaped curve with a peak around 1985. But the rise and fall of real wages masks a complex dynamic process by which nominal wages adjust in response to changes in food prices. We use governorate-level panel data for 1976–1993 to explore the nature of this adjustment process. Our results indicate that nominal wages adjust slowly. There is a significant negative initial impact of rising food prices on real wages, though wages do catch up in the long run.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94859

Agricultural water markets: exploring limits and opportunities in Italy and Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pujol,   Joan; Raggi,   Meri; Viaggi,   Davide.
Agriculture is the main water-using sector in Southern European Countries, such as Spain and Italy. Innovative institutional solutions for reducing water use or increasing its efficiency are pursued by recent legislation concerning water, in particular by the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Even if not explicitly considered by the directive, water markets may be seen as a kind of instrument responding to the guiding principles of the upcoming water regulation.  The issue of water markets is very much debated in the water economics literature and particularly in the agricultural water literature. Water markets refer to a mechanism of water allocation based on the exchange of rights on water use. Water markets are proposed and supported by economic theory...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14860

Agricultural water productivity: estimation at plot, farm and basin scale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Simon; Gichuki,   Francis; Turral,   Hugh.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; Productivity; Estimation; Water balance; Water use; Simulation models; Water use efficiency; Livestock; Fisheries; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91959

Agricultural water productivity: issues, concepts and approaches.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Simon; Gichuki,   Francis; Turral,   Hugh.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water scarcity; Irrigation water; Productivity; Indicators; Water conservation; River basins; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91963

AGRICULTURALLY INDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shvytov,   Igor.
This paper is concerned with environmental impacts in Russia, focusing in particular on agriculturally induced environmental impacts. First it discusses the current environmental situation in Russia. The paper provides an overview of Russia, including a description of its geographical and bioclimatic resources. The environmental pressures induced by human activity have been covered in more detail. The current situation regarding atmospheric emissions and waste water discharges are also considered in this paper. The environmental impacts of agriculture are stressed, with a focus on land degradation and especially soil erosion. A discussion of some policy suggestions to avoid environmental problems concludes the paper.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14895

Agriculture and Agribusiness Reform in the CEE Nations and NIS: Issues and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Stanley R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18463

Agriculture and Dairy Production Systems in China: An Overview and Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wattiaux,   Michel A.; Frank,   Gary G.; Powell,   J. Mark; Wu,   Zhinguo; Guo,   Yuyuan.
The Chinese dairy industry is growing rapidly. Since 1980, the rate of increase in dairy cattle in China's dairy industry (+210,000 cows per year) is 1.7 times higher than the rate of decline of dairy cattle in the US dairy industry (-124,000 cows per year). If the current trends do not change, there will be as many dairy cows in China as in the US-approximately 7.45 million cows in 2012.  This two-part Discussion Paper presents the context in which the Chinese dairy industry is developing (Part I) and a study of the Dairy Farm systems and case studies of five farms in the Province of Yunnan, the city of Beijing and the province of Heilongjiang (Part II).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Chinese Dairy Industry; Dairy Cows in China; Development of the Chinese Dairy Industry; Chinese Dairy Farm Case Studies; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37654

AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - THE MINNESOTA CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt.
The comments which follow relating to the role of agriculture in Minnesota's economic development are organized into four sections. First a brief look is taken at historical changes in production agriculture in Minnesota. Second some crude comparisons are made of growth over time in agriculture and in other major economic sectors. Third a brief assessment is made of current employment and income in Minnesota's agriculture and related industries. Finally, a list is presented of several future issues which appear important for Minnesota's agriculture with particular reference to its natural resource base.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14214

AGRICULTURE AND FIVE YEARS OF PERESTROIKA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Karen M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13868

Agriculture and macro-economic reforms in Zimbabwe: a political-economy perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muir-Leresche,   Kay.
"August 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture -- Economic aspects; Macroeconomics; Zimbabwe -- Economic policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97551

Agriculture and Protection of Landscape Area of the White Carpathians
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krumalova,   Veronika; Backman,   Stefan.
The protected landscape area of the White Carpathians in Czech Republic is confronted with several threats. The protection of the landscape involves instituted policies and restrictions on production. Due to the approaching EU accession and the possible subsequent institutional changes, there is an increased demand for knowledge on production opportunities and threats. In addition there are immediate concerns on the relation between agricultural production and the environment. One major concern is the abandonment of agricultural land. In this article the combination of production elements and protection is described. Factor analyses are used to identify groups of farms with similarities in production structure and organisation. The results of the factor...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor analysis; Landscape protection; Livestock production; Policies; Institutions; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18883

AGRICULTURE AND RELATED SECTORS IN THE CILSS COUNTRIES: PAST PERFORMANCE AND STRATEGIC CHOICES FOR THE FUTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tefft,   James F.; Yade,   Mbaye; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Penders,   Christopher L.; Staatz,   John M.
The document identified five priority areas on which to focus future development plans and projects: 1) human resource development; 2)institutional capacity building; 3) rapid and sustainable development of agricultural production; 4) economic growth and diversification; 5) greater regional integration and ties to the world economy. Recognizing that several of these priorities reached beyond its mandate, CILSS recommended that other more qualified regional organizations (ECOWAS, UEMOA) assume their responsibilities in pursuing these objectives. This paper analyzes the past performance, potential for and challenges facing the agricultural sector in the Sahel, focusing on the factors critical to increasing household income and improving food security in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11547

AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT:  LESSONS FOR CHRISTIAN GROUPS COMBATING PERSISTENT POVERTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Brown,   Douglas R.
Persistent poverty is one of the core challenges faced by Christians and by development scholars and practitioners alike. There is no question that Jesus was concerned about the poor - both materially and spiritually. From his first public address in the Synagogue in Nazareth, His home town, where He concluded by saying that He had come to "preach good news to the poor" (Luke 4:18), Jesus lived the gospel in word and deed. We, as Christian men and women, whether researchers or practitioners, are called to do no less. When Jesus made His parting remarks to His disciples, He said (John 20:21) "As the Father has sent me, I am sending you." emphasizing that we are to do likewise. This concern permeates the Old and New Testament, another example being the words...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; O1; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14738

AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The distinctive nature of environmental quality problems in agriculture—an industry based on the extraction of highly variable natural resources under stochastic conditions—has important implications for policy design.  First, we examine the source of environmental quality problems and the strength of incentives for resource stewardship that may incidentally induce farmers to protect environmental quality.  In turn, we examine environmental policy design under two features that are pervasive in agriculture: (1) heterogeneity caused by resource variability and (2) uncertainty.  Next, we examine the effects of interactions between agricultural, environmental, and resource policies.  Finally, we review important areas for further research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28567

Agriculture and the new industrial revolution in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bautista,   Romeo M.; DeRosa,   Dean A.
"September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 17-19). Published, in 1998, in Richard Hooley and Zainal-Abidin Mahani, eds. The new industrial revolution in Asian economies, Vol. 8, pp. 317-333.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrialization; Agricultural development; Rural development -- Asia; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97764

Agriculture and the World Trade Organization: Does Membership Make a Difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grant,   Jason H.; Boys,   Kathryn A.
Recent empirical studies have estimated the trade flow effect of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). One important, although largely untested, conclusion from this literature is that the GATT/WTO has worked well if we ignore trade in agriculture – one of the institution’s seemingly apparent failures. This article investigates this conclusion using a large panel of agricultural and non-agricultural trade flows, the latter of which serves as our benchmark. The results are impressive: the multilateral institution has delivered significant positive effects on members’ agricultural trade relative to trade between non-members. Further, despite their special and differential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Membership; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90886

AGRICULTURE AS A GROWTH SECTOR -- 1985 AND BEYOND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Lee R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13521

AGRICULTURE DIVERSIFICATION IN SOUTH ASIA: PATTERNS, DETERMINANTS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Joshi,   P.K.; Gulati,   Ashok; Birthal,   Pratap Singh; Tewari,   Laxmi.
The South Asian countries are gradually diversifying with some inter-country variation in favor of high value commodities, namely fruits, vegetables, livestock and fisheries. Agricultural diversification is strongly influenced by price policy, infrastructure development (especially markets and roads), urbanization and technological improvements. Rainfed areas have benefited more as a result of agricultural diversification in favor of high value crops by substituting inferior coarse cereals. Agricultural diversification is also contributing to employment opportunities in agriculture and increasing exports. The need is to suitably integrate production and marketing of high value commodities through appropriate institutions. Market reforms in developing and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16215

AGRICULTURE: ESSENTIAL TO MINNESOTA'S ECONOMY AND ITS REGIONS AND COMMUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.; Stenberg,   Peter L.; del Ninno,   Carlo.
This report presents local data and related discussion on the economic importance of agriculture and agriculture-related industries in Minnesota. Statistical findings show the contribution of agriculture to Minnesota's economic base and to changes in employment, income, and population in the state and its substate regions and counties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13595

AGRICULTURE: ESSENTIAL TO MINNESOTA'S ECONOMY AND ITS REGIONS AND COMMUNITIES - AN UPDATE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14243

Agriculture in a Global Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Jonathan M.
In the twenty-first century, it is evident that world agricultural systems will have to supply sufficient food for a population somewhere between 7.5 and 12 billion. Projections for world agriculture in the first half of the twenty-first century very widely, largely depending on assumptions about yield growth. An investigation of the patterns of yield growth for major cereal crops offers evidence that the pattern is logistic, implying that an upper limit to yields is being approached. This pattern is consistent with ecological limits on soil fertility, water availability, and nutrient uptake. It is also evident that current agricultural production is imposing serious strains on ecosystems, with widespread soil degradation, water overdraft and pollution,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15568

AGRICULTURE IN METROPOLITAN AREAS Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thiene,   Mara.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14391

AGRICULTURE IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA: ITS ROLE IN THE FUTURE OF THE REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stam,   Jerome M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14182

AGRICULTURE IN THE URUGUAY ROUND: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ingersent,   Ken A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13787

AGRICULTURE IN VENTURA COUNTY: ITS IMPACT ON THE COUNTY ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCluskey,   Jill J.; Goldman,   George E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25085

AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN LATIN AMERICA: A 2020 PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trigo,   Eduardo J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16336

AGRICULTURE, TRADE, AND REGIONALISM IN SOUTH ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeRosa,   Dean A.; Govindan,   Kumaresan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16370

AGRICULTURE-BASED DEVELOPMENT: A SAM PERSPECTIVE ON CENTRAL VIET NAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bautista,   Romeo M.
As in most low-income countries, the majority of the poor population in Viet Nam is found in rural areas, where agriculture provides the primary means of livelihood. It has been argued that an agriculture-based development (ABD) strategy is more appropriate for Viet Nam at the present time than both import-substitution and export-led industrialization, considering its effectiveness in generating income opportunities, directly and indirectly, for the rural population. Under the ABD strategy, increased public resources allocated to agriculture and the rural sector would lead to rising agricultural productivity and rural income that in turn would create a strong demand for increased nonagricultural production in the local economy, especially of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16291

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY: THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN HUNGARIAN HOME GARDENS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birol,   Ekin; Smale,   Melinda; Gyovai,   Agnes.
Agricultural biodiversity is an environmental resource. Much of the agricultural biodiversity remaining in situ today is found on the semi-subsistence farms of poorer countries and the small-scale farms or home gardens of more industrialized nations. The traditional small farms of Hungary are labelled "home gardens" as a reflection of their institutional identity during the collectivisation period. Homesteads managed with family labor, they continue to serve essential food security and diet quality functions during economic transition. Home gardens contribute to the preservation of rural settlements and cultural heritage, and they contain relatively high levels of several components of agricultural biodiversity. The role of home gardens in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biodiversity; In situ conservation; Choice experiment method; Hungary; Home garden; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60331

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN GERMANY - SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weingarten,   Peter.
This paper is concerned with agri-environmental policy in Germany and focuses in particular on soil and water conservation. At first it discusses to what extent agriculture contributes to erosion and the pollution of surface waters and groundwater with nutrients and pesticides. Whereas erosion is a minor problem in Germany water pollution due to modern and intensive agriculture is of major concern. In theory, a broad range of environmental policy instruments exists. In practice, agri-environmental policy in Germany is dominated by command-and-control-measures, whereas incentivebased measures are of minor importance. In this paper recent developments of the most important legal and institutional settings concerning soil and water conservation policies are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14912

Agri-Environmental Policy in Germany: Understanding the Role of Regional Administration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eggers,   Jorg; Laschewski,   Lutz; Schleyer,   Christian.
With regard to agri-environmental schemes under Regulation (EC) No. 1257/1999 in Europe a rather divers uptake as well as a lack of effectiveness and efficiency of these current schemes can be observed.  In contrast to most of the related literature, we suggest that the ineffectiveness and inefficiency is inherent to the way those schemes are currently institutionalised in the framework of European agricultural policies. The paper draws on experiences made within the GRANO research project on Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Production in Northeast Germany. Among other sub-projects, round tables, so-called Agri-Environmental Forums (AEF), were installed in two districts in Brandenburg to integrate local actors directly into the process of designing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18832

Agri-Environmental Program Compliance in a Heterogeneous Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum.  But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement.  This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers.  While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring.  We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs.  An empirical simulation model suggests...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; H23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37797

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Rausser,   Gordon C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15848

Agri-food supply chains and sustainability-related issues: evidence from across the Scottish agri-food economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leat,   Philip M.K.; Lamprinopoulou-Kranis,   Chrysa; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Kupiec-Teahan,   Beata.
This paper examines the influence of agri-food supply chains on the sustainability-related activities and decisions of Scottish farmers, as well as the treatment of sustainability issues by food processors and retailers themselves. It is based on 8 whole chain case studies covering some of Scotland’s major agricultural products. The cases identify differing levels of understanding and activities related to sustainability, but widespread acknowledgement that sustainability involves the development of chains within which all parties can achieve acceptable profits. Indeed, collaborative supply chains, which seek improved economic performance, frequently assist environmental and social sustainability. The main drivers of sustainability are found to be the cost...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Food; Supply chain; Agribusiness; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109424

AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: NORTH-SOUTH PARTNERSHIPS ARE A KEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric; Demont,   Matty; Swennen,   Rony.
Agricultural production almost needs to double in the 21st century, putting tremendous pressure on agricultural resources.  Most food production increases must come from more agricultural intensification in the South.  This advances the need for a new green revolution: higher productivity and at the same time less pressure on the environment.  Agrobiotechnology can contribute to this double green revolution.  Biotechnology innovations are often scale neutral and are therefore suitable for small farmers.  Moreover, genetic modification offers especially advantages for crops domesticated since a very long time and which are therefore quite different from their wild relatives.  However, agrobiotechnology also engenders risks and dangers, outlined in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31837

AGROCLIMATIC REGIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antiporta,   Donato B.
This study focuses on agroclimatic characteristics in view of their fundamental influence on the structure of regional agricultural productivity. We seek to identify, measure, and take account of relevant agroclimatic characteristics in order to better understand the problems of increasing agricultural output.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13760

AGROECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATING AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Stanley; Pardey,   Philip G.
In this paper we describe how biophysical data can be used, in conjunction with agroecological concepts and multimarket economic models, to systematically evaluate the effects of agricultural R&amp;D in ways that inform research priority setting and resource-allocation decisions. Agroecological zones can be devised to help estimate the varying, site-specific responses to new agricultural technologies and to evaluate the potential for research to spill over from one agroecological zone to another. The application of agroecological zonation procedures in an international, agricultural research context is given special attention.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biophysical; Economic evaluation; Research priorities; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; International R&amp;D.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16109

AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOLLOWING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY REFORM OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giupponi,   Carlo; Morari,   Francesco.
The results of simulation modelling carried out with GLEAMS on hypothetical scenarios driven by the Reform of Common Agricultural Policy are presented.  The model was set up with data collected in recent research projects to simulate a typical cultivated environment of the Venetian Plain (north east Italy) where field experiments are in progress.  Agro-environmental simulations were conducted over a long period using a 30-year whether record.  First single crops, then entire rotations and finally the whole farm production patterns were simulated, based on the present standard agrotechnologies of the study area and on proposed low input systems.  The alternative farm scenarios were taken from those hypthesised by economists on the basis of the recent Common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14395

Agro-Exports and the Rural Resource Poor in Latin America: Policy Options for Achieving Broadly Based Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Michael R.; Barham,   Bradford L.; Mesbah,   Dina; Stanley,   Denise.
Concentrating on fundamental sector-level impacts that shape the nature of agro-export growth, this paper indicates how intrahousehold impacts fit into the analysis. Section 1 is introductory. Section 2 puts forward the conceptual framework needed to understand sectoral impacts of agro-export growth on the rural resource poor, impacts that can be divided into a small-farm adoption effect, a land-access effect, and a labor-absorption effect, all of which are interlinked. Section 3 explores the economic forces that shape the magnitude of the direct (adoption and land access) and indirect (labor absorption) effects of agro-export growth. Its chief message is that the agronomic and economic characteristics of agro-export crops interact with the intrinsic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12754

Agro-Food Preferences in the EU's GSP Scheme: An Analysis of Changes between 2004 and 2006.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeMaria,   Federica; Drogue,   Sophie; Matthews,   Alan.
In 2006 the EU revised again its Generalised System of Preferences scheme which provides preferential access to developing country exports to the EU market. This paper examines the extent to which the 2006 revisions to the scheme improved market access opportunities for developing countries for agro-food exports where most of the tariff changes were concentrated. Changes in the percentage preferential margin, in the value of preferential trade and in the value of the preferential margin on agro-food imports between 2004 and 2006 from developing countries are calculated. The results show that while the 2006 revision saw only a slight increase in the average percentage preferential margin enjoyed by exporters, there has been a significant increase in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6151

AGROFORESTRY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: POLICY LESSONS FROM CENTRAL AMERICA AND PANAMA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Current,   Dean.
This paper summarizes results of the evaluation of 11 forestry activities in Central America using a framework of factors related to long term sustainability of the benefits flowing from forestry development activities.  Identified problems included: the lack of continuity of support to project sponsored activities once formal projects end, the short term focus of many projects, the lack of interest or capacity of host governments and institutions to provide continued support to these activities, and restrictive permit procedures and legislation that discourage tree management.  Factors that contribute to sustainability include the participation and training of local farmers as promoters, trainers, and employees of projects.  Another factor is farmer...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11889

AGROFORESTRY POLICIES CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABLE LAND USE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brooks,   Kenneth N.; Gregersen,   Hans M.; Ffolliott,   Peter F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11902

AGROHOLDINGS AND CLUSTERS IN KAZAKHSTAN’S AGRO-FOOD SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wandel,   Jurgen.
The paper provides an overview of the institutional arrangements on the micro level that have evolved in the agro-food sector of Kazakhstan in the course of transition. Emphasis is laid on more complex arrangements like "agroholdings" and "clusters", hitherto mostly unknown in the agro-food sectors of established market economies. It is shown that "agroholdings" are concentrated mainly in the northern part of Kazakhstan and to a large extent in the grain sector, while in the south a scattered small scale (individual) farm structure has emerged. Parallel to this market-driven development, the Kazakhstani government tries to promote other institutional arrangements that it deems to be of superior competitiveness, especially agro-food clusters. Refering to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroholdings; Cluster; Kazakhstan; Agricultural policy; Institutional change; Agroholdings; Cluster; Kasachstan; Agrarpolitik; Institutioneller Wandel.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q13; Q18; L 22.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91766

AGROINDUSTRIALIZATION THROUGH INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION: TRANSACTIONS COSTS, COOPERATIVES AND MILK-MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holloway,   Garth J.; Nicholson,   Charles F.; Delgado,   Christopher L.
Some small-holders are able to generate reliable and substantial income flows through small-scale dairy production for the local market; for others, a set of unique transactions costs hinders participation. Cooperative selling institutions are potential catalysts for mitigating these costs, stimulating entry into the market, and precipitating growth in rural communities. Trends in cooperative organization in East-African dairy are evaluated. Empirical work focuses on alternative techniques for effecting participation among a representative sample of periurban milk producers in the Ethiopian highlands. The techniques considered are a modern production practice (cross-bred cow use), a traditional production practice (indigenous-cow use), three...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50169

Agronomic, Economic, and Demographic Characteristics of Crop Farms in the Great Plains and Corn Belt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.; Crane,   Laurence M.; Fischer,   William R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23221

AGRONOMIC, ECONOMIC AND EVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE COMMERCIAL CULTIVATION OF GLYPHOSATE TOLERANT SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO: FINAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brethour,   Cher; Mussell,   Al; Mayer,   Holly; Martin,   Larry J.
Glyphosate tolerant (GT) soybeans appear to be popular among many Ontario farmers. For example, Statistics Canada reports that 23% of the 2001 soybean acreage was planted to GT varieties, up from 18% in 2000. However, the environmental impact of GT seeds is perceived as controversial in the minds of some members of the public. This manifests itself in the form of public action on behalf of some activist groups, and a demand for products not containing GT soybeans. The apparent contradiction between producer preferences and public attitudes lies in a general lack of knowledge surrounding the environmental impact of GT soybeans. In this regard, the specific impact of GT soybeans in Ontario is unknown.  Two recent studies (Hin et al., and American Soybean...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18102

Aid Effectiveness Reconsidered - Panel Data Evidence for the Education Sector -
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Katharina.
Applying the general question of aid effectiveness to the sector of education, this paper reveals an overall positive effect of development assistance on primary enrolment. However, even the most optimistic estimates clearly show that at any realistic rate of growth, aid will never be able to move the world markedly closer towards the internationally agreed objective of education for all. Universal primary education requires increased efficiency of educational spending by donors and national governments alike. Moreover, the recipient countries' general political and institutional background matters. Under conditions of bad governance, the impact of aid on enrolment can actually turn negative.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aid effectiveness; Primary education; Good governance; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; F350; O150; I220.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26374

Aid, Governance, and Private Foreign Investment: Some Puzzling Findings and a Possible Explanation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harms,   Philipp; Lutz,   Matthias.
Does official aid pave the road for private foreign investment or does it suffocate private initiative by diverting resources towards unproductive activities? In this paper we explore this question using data for a large number of developing and emerging economies. Controlling for countries' institutional environment, we find that, evaluated at the mean, the marginal effect of aid on private foreign investment is close to zero. Surprisingly, however, the effect is strictly positive for countries in which private agents face a substantial regulatory burden. After testing the robustness of this result, we offer a theoretical model that is able to rationalize our puzzling observation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aid; Foreign Direct Investment; Institutions; International Relations/Trade; F35; F21; O16; O19.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26128

AID INSTRUMENTS IN FRAGILE STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leader,   Nicholas; Colenso,   Peter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12818

AID TO DEVELOPING-COUNTRY AGRICULTURE: INVESTING IN POVERTY REDUCTION AND NEW EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pinstrup-Andersen,   Per; Cohen,   Marc J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16203

Air Emissions of Ammonia and Methane from Livestock Operations: Valuation and Policy Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Siikamaki,   Juha.
The animal husbandry industry is a major emitter of methane, which is an important greenhouse gas. The industry is also a major emitter of ammonia, which is a precursor of fine particulate matter, arguably the number-one environment-related public health threat facing the nation. We present an integrated process model of the engineering economics of technologies to reduce methane and ammonia emissions at dairy operations in California. Three policy options are explored: greenhouse gas offset credits for methane control, particulate matter offset credits for ammonia control, and expanded net metering policies to provide revenue for the sale of electricity generated from captured methane gas. Individually, any of these policies appears to be sufficient to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Methane; Ammonia; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Offset; Particulate matter; Net metering; Environmental policy; CAFO; Manure management; Biodigester; Electricity; Global warming; Cost-benefit; Incentive approach; Livestock Production/Industries; Q2; Q4; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10749

Air Pollution Control Policy Options for Metro Manila
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; Morgenstern,   Richard D.; Fischer,   Carolyn; Rolfe,   Kevin; Logarta,   Jose; Rufo,   Bing.
The Asian Development Bank has sponsored research on market-based instruments for managing pollution in Metro Manila, Philippines, where air quality is seriously degraded. This report offers three policy options for reducing particulate emissions and their precursors. For stationary sources, we recommend an emissions fee that creates efficient financial incentives to reduce emissions while raising revenues for monitoring and enforcement activities. For mobile sources, we propose a pilot diesel retrofit program using a low-cost technology that is effective at existing 2,000 ppm sulfur content. Second, we recommend a charge on the sulfur content of diesel fuel to encourage meeting and surpassing the 500 ppm standard to allow for more advanced particulate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions tax; Philippines; Particulates; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q01.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10612

Air Pollution Costs in Ukraine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strukova,   Elena; Golub,   Alexander; Markandya,   Anil.
The paper presents estimation of the health losses from urban air pollution in Ukraine.  The methodology developed by US EPA and adjusted in Russia for Eastern European transition countries was applied for health risk assessment. PM2.5 was identified as the major source of human health risk, based on experience from the Russian studies. In the absence of reliable computed concentrations of PM2.5, the study was based on monitoring data of total suspended particle (TSP) emissions in Ukraine. Additional cases of mortality and morbidity were calculated based on reporting data on TSP concentration that was recalculated into PM2.5. Then the concentration–response function was applied to estimate individual risk. Next, individual risk was applied to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12206

ALBANIAN IMMOVABLE PROPERTY REGISTRATION SYSTEM: REVIEW OF LEGISLATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stamo,   Lida; Singer,   Norman J.
The registration system of immovable property in Albania was chosen for four basic reasons: (1) it protects the right of immovable property owners by providing strong and reliable evidence about ownership and other interests in immovable properties; (2) it is simple and inexpensive to administer and maintain; (3) it provides the public with easily accessible information which they need to buy and sell, mortgage, and rent immovable property, thereby providing the basis for a market-oriented economy; and, (4) it permits the building of a Geographical Information System with property information as an integral and fundamental segment. The registration system is similar in concept to what is used in Nordic countries, Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, Hungary,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land titles -- Registration and transfer -- Albania; Land tenure -- Law and legislation -- Albania; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12786

ALBANIAN LAND MARKET ACTION PLAN: PURPOSES, ACHIEVEMENTS, LESSONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jazoj,   Ahmet; Stanfield,   J. David; Barry,   Teresa.
The transition in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States from command to market-oriented economies requires new land market institutions and policies. Once privatization of land has moved far enough to permit and stimulate demand for market transactions, the question becomes one of establishing dynamic land markets (i.e., a growing volume of transactions) that also "work properly." Concerning the transition in the ownership and management of real property and the resultant efforts to create new land market institutions, the experience of Albania is instructive, and this paper outlines the establishment of an Albanian land market strategy. In the discussion of a market-oriented economy in Albania, the question was how to create the land...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land titles--Registration and transfer--Albania; Land use--Government policy--Albania; Institution building --Albania--Evaluation; Technical assistance--Albania--Evaluation; Land administration--Albania; Project appraisal--Albania; Land markets--Albania; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12803

ALBANIAN LAW ON CITY PLANNING: CRITICAL SUMMARY OF ITS MAJOR PROVISIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Harvey M.; Craig,   William.
This paper includes, as an annex, Law No. 7693, "On Urban Planning," from the People's Assembly of the Republic of Albania. Conceptually, this law has five major parts: (1) planning generally, (2) getting construction permission, (3) special provisions for tourist zones, (4) special provisions for military zones and zones with singular (that is, archaeological, historical, or cultural) value, and (5) penalties for violations. These parts are described and discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cities and towns--Planning--Law and legislation--Albania City planning and redevelopment law--Albania Land use; Urban--Government policy--Albania Land administration--Albania Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12770

ALBANIA'S RADICAL AGRARIAN REFORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cungu,   Azeta; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The agrarian reform in Albania included free distribution of land to rural households and the complete break up of the former collective and state farms. These key features of the Albanian reform are in sharp contrast with other Central and Eastern European countries. Our paper explains the choice of the Albanian agricultural privatization and land reform process and the radical decollectivization of the farms as caused by a combination of several factors, including changes in political institutions, the structure of the economy, the legal status of assets under privatization, farm productivity, and the pre-1945 land distribution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31866

ALCOHOL REGULATION AND CRIME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carpenter,   Christopher; Dobkin,   Carlos.
We provide a critical review of research in economics that has examined causal relationships between alcohol use and crime. We lay out several causal pathways through which alcohol regulation and alcohol consumption may affect crime, including: direct pharmacological effects on aggression, reaction time, and motor impairment; excuse motivations; venues and social interactions; and victimization risk. We focus our review on four main types of alcohol regulations: price/tax restrictions, age-based availability restrictions, spatial availability restrictions, and temporal availability restrictions. We conclude that there is strong evidence that tax- and age-based restrictions on alcohol availability reduce crime, and we discuss implications for policy and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90485

All it takes is confidence: job search confidence and farm workers' wages, benefits, and working conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabbard,   Susan M.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor; Agricultural wages; Employment; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47280

Alleged Transmission Undersupply: Is Restructuring the Cure or the Cause?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Widespread concern over transmission capacity requires theoretical support to infer inadequacy from observed trends indicating reductions in the ratio of transmission to generation capacity over time. If integrated utilities had been regulated with allowed returns exceeding capital costs, transmission generation ratios would have been excessive, and observed trends might be a correction. However, numerous commentators claim that post-restructuring transmission rates have been too low, with NIMBY also discouraging investment. We model the possibility that inadequate separation between generation and transmission may result in reduced investment, in order to preserve incumbent market power in generation. However, consideration of transmission price caps and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity transmission; Regulation; Deregulation; Vertical integration; Environmental Economics and Policy; L94; L51; L22.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10723

Alliance Formation and Coercion in Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hiller,   Timo.
This paper presents a game-theoretic model of network formation, which allows agents to enter bilateral alliances and to extract payoffs from enemies. Each pair of agents creates a surplus of one, which allies divide in equal parts. If agents are enemies, then the agent with more allies obtains a larger share of the surplus. I show that Nash equilibria are of two types. First, a state of utopia, where all agents are allies. Second, asymmetric equilibria, such that agents can be partitioned into sets of different size, where agents within the same set are allies and agents in different sets are enemies. These results stand in contrast to coalition formation games in the economics of conflict literature, where stable group structures are generally symmetric....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Network Formation; Economics of Conflict; Contest Success Function; Structural Balance; International Relations; Environmental Economics and Policy; D86; D74.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108251

ALLOCATION OF CHILDREN'S TIME ENDOWMENT BETWEEN SCHOOLING AND WORK IN RURAL ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Admassie,   Assefa.
Children have always been part of the economic life of societies. Historical evidence indicates that the contribution of children to family income in cash or in kind has been consistently significant. Currently, the issue of child labor has become an important global development issue in academic research. Empirical evidence indicates that child laborers are found mostly in developing countries and are employed mainly in agriculture and related activities. The aim of this study was to examine the decision-making behavior of subsistence rural households with respect to allocating their children's unit-time endowment among competing activities, including work and school attendance. A multinomial logit model has been used to identify the social, economic and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18716

Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Kahn,   Danny.
Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650

ALLOCATION OF MEAT INSPECTION RESOURCES IN ONTARIO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Larry J.; Martin,   Eric.
Following considerable conflict, the first phase of this project produced an agreement at the end of April, 1997 between the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and the Ontario Independent Meat Packers and Processors (OIMPP) that an alternative system for allocating inspection hours to plants was to be developed. The alternative was to be based on the principle that scarce hours should be allocated in a way that does not penalize plants which use inspection resources efficiently. A second principle was that the process should explicitly recognize that there are efficiencies associated with plant size and that efficient small plants should not be discriminated against.  This document contains the final recommendations for that process. In describing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18148

Allocation of Orbit and Spectrum Resources for Regional Communications: What's at Stake?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.
Contentious debate surrounds allocation of the geostationary orbit and electromagnetic spectrum, two resources used by communications satellites. An extensive economics literature alleges that the nonmarket administrative allocative procedures now in place are highly inefficient, but no research has empirically estimated the welfare loss. This paper develops a conceptual framework and a computerized model to estimate the economic value of the resources, the size and distribution of welfare costs associated with the present regulatory regime, and the potential gains from more market-like allocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Outer space; Communications satellites; Pricing natural resources; Community/Rural/Urban Development; H4; Q2.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10746

Allocative Efficiency of Technically Inefficient Production Units
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogetoft,   Peter; Fare,   Rolf.
We discuss how to measure allocative efficiency without presuming technical efficiency. This is relevant when it is easier to introduce reallocations than improvements of technical efficiency. We compare the approach to the traditional one of assuming technical efficiency before measuring allocative efficiency. In particular, we develop necessary and sufficient conditions on the technology to ensure consistent measures and we give dual organizational interpretations of the approaches.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Allocative efficiency; Homethetic technologies; Slack consumption; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24217

“Almost” Subsidy-free Spatial Pricing in a Multi-dimensional Setting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Shlomo; Dreze,   Jacques; Le Breton,   Michel; Savvateev,   Alexei.
Consider a population of citizens uniformly spread over the entire plane, that faces a problem of locating public facilities to be used by its members. The cost of every facility is financed  by its users, who also face an idiosyncratic private access cost to the facility. We assume that the facilities’ cost is independent of location and access costs are linear with respect to the Euclidean distance. We show that an external intervention that covers 0.19% of the facility cost is sufficient to guarantee secession-proofness or no cross-subsidization, where no group of individuals is charged more than its stand alone cost incurred if it had acted on its own. Moreover, we demonstrate that in this case the Rawlsian access pricing is the only secession-proof...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Secession-Proofness; Optimal Jurisdictions; Rawlsian Allocation; Hexagonal Partition; Cross-Subsidization; Demand and Price Analysis; D70; H20; H73.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9097

Alocação dos custos de melhorias em bacias hidrográficas entre os usuários de água: uma aplicação do valor de Shapley
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leite,   Gil Bracarense; Vieira,   Wilson da Cruz.
The objective of this work was to analyze the cost allocation of improvements in river basins among the water users. It was used, as example, the Paraíba do Sul river basin, located in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, and, as criteria of allocation of costs, they were used the volumes of water extracted and consumed, and the quantity of pollutants deposited in the basin area by water users. The methodology used consists of the rule of allocation known as Shapley value, which belongs to the cooperative branch of game theory. In the case of Paraíba do Sul river basin, the values found indicated that the urban users should pay the higher part of the costs of improvements, given that these users are responsible for most of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water resources; Cost allocation; Shapley value; Paraíba do Sul river basin; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53385

ALTA OR NLTA: WHAT'S IN THE NAME? LAND TENURE DILEMMA AND THE FIJI SUGAR INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lal,   Padma; Lim-Applegate,   Hazel; Reddy,   Mahendra.
Since 1997, the agricultural leases on Native land, issued under the 1976 Agricultural and Landlord Tenants Act (ALTA), began to expire. The sugar industry is the main commodity export earner for Fiji, directly contributing about 22% of the national GDP and supporting over 25% of the country's active labor force. Fiji exports 80% of its sugar production, earning on average of $250-300 million in foreign exchange annually. Several options have been suggested, including: non-renewal of leases, with the land reverting to Fijian owners; renewal of ALTA but with land rents pegged to the gross value of production instead of the unimproved capital value; sharecropping and contract wage arrangements; and abolishment of lease arrangement under ALTA with leases to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land tenure -- Government policy -- Fiji; Landlord and tenant -- Law and legislation -- Fiji; Land tenure -- Economic aspects -- Fiji; Agricultural laws and legislation -- Fiji; Leases -- Fiji; Sugar trade -- Fiji; Sugarcane industry -- Economic aspects -- Fiji; Fiji. Agricultural and Landlord Tenants Act (1976); Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12765

Alte und neue Wege des Gemeinschaftsmarketings für Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kliebisch,   Christoph; Rugge,   Matthias.
Gemeinschaftsmarketing für Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel ist spätestens seit der Einführung des Absatzfondsgesetzes im Jahr 1969 das zentrale Instrument zur Absatzförderung in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft. Institutionalisiert in der Centralen Marketing-Gesellschaft der Deutschen Agrarwirtschaft (CMA) ist das Gemeinschaftsmarketing jedoch vor allem in der jüngeren Vergangenheit zunehmender Kritik ausgesetzt. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll daher neben einem historischen Abriss zum Gemeinschaftsmarketing für Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel und dem derzeitigen Organisationsaufbau ein Blick auf andere Organisationsformen des Gemeinschaftsmarketing gelenkt werden. Exemplarisch geschieht dies anhand des Modells der „Levy Boards“ in Großbritannien....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Lebensmittel; Gemeinschaftsmarketing; Marketing; Landwirtschaft; Centrale Marketinggesellschaft der Deutschen Agrarwirtschaft; Werbung; Food; Agriculture; Central Marketing Organization of German Agricultural Industries; Sales promotions; Co-operative food promotion; Management; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93860

Altering Milk Components Produced by the Dairy Cow: Estimation by a Multiple Output Distance Function
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Jaesung; Nakane,   Matsato; Tauer,   Loren W.
The impact of inputs on the four decomposed milk outputs of fluid milk, butterfat, protein, and other solids were estimated using an output distance function, with New York dairy farm level data. Differential impacts of inputs on component production indicate that milk component composition can be modified given component prices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Milk component production; Output distance function; Agribusiness; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51176

Alternate bearing in Californian pears and avocados
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Allen,   Roy E.; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
This paper develops a test for the presence of alternate bearing and a means of consistently estimating yields for crops whose output varies from year to year for reasons not fully captured by available biological and economic variables. Using these techniques one can better forecast yields than one can using previous methods. This approach is illustrated for the California Bartlett pear and avocado industries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Avocados; Pears; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47011

ALTERNATE FORECAST METHODS FOR WATER AND LAND RESOURCES IN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.
Alternate regional economic forecasting approaches were reviewed, including demographic, geographic, gravity/potential, location quotient, economic base, input-output, shift-and-share, and econometric. The current status of regional forecasting systems in state government was reviewed, also.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13981

Alternative Agricultural Policies in Korea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Cho,   Kyu D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23294

Alternative AMTA and Loan Rate Options for Program Crops With Counter Cyclical Payments Triggered at the National and State Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Smith,   Edward G.; Womack,   Abner W.; Houston,   Christy M.
This analysis focuses on four policy options, based on national formulas where implications are examined for varying levels of loan rates and base AMTA payment rates.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42773

Alternative Approaches for Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa, with Emphasis on the Role of Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crawford,   Eric W.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Kelly,   Valerie A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Downloads December 2008 - June 2009: 5.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11292

Alternative Approaches for Promoting Fertilizer Use in Africa, with Particular Reference to the Role of Fertilizer Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crawford,   Eric W.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Kelly,   Valerie A.
This paper outlines the role of improved soil fertility in the process of structural transformation, and examines specific financial, economic, social, and political arguments in favor of promoting increased fertilizer use, particularly in smallholder farming systems. This paper draws experiences and insights from the literature on which policies and programs appear to work best and which least well in providing a consistent and growing supply of fertilizer to smallholders. Particular attention is given to addressing the question of fertilizer subsidies: Under what circumstances are they warranted and what form should they take, if and when they are implemented?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11557

Alternative Approaches in Estimating the Economic Effects of Non-Tariff Measures: Results from Newly Quantified Measures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andriamananjara,   Soamiely; Ferrantino,   Michael J.; Tsigas,   Marinos E.
This paper introduces a set of new estimates of NTM price gaps in a standard simulation model and studies the economic effects of their removal. The economic impact of removing the NTMs on footwear, wearing apparel, and processed foods are estimated and discussed using three different techniques (tariff equivalent, export tax equivalent and sand-in-the-wheels). For all of the considered sectors, NTM liberalization leads to a large increase in world trade, and an improved global welfare. Most of the gains from the elimination of NTMs accrue to the liberalizing regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15872

Alternative Approaches To Locating The Food Insecure: Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence From South India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chung,   Kimberly; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Ramakrishna,   Jayashree; Riely,   Frank Z.
This paper reports on two methods used for identifying alternative indicators of chronic and acute food insecurity. A need for alternative indicators exists since many of the "benchmark" or "gold standard" indicators (such as household income or dietary intake) are too cumbersome to be of practical use in food aid targeting. The ideal alternative indicator should be statistically reliable, yet straightforward to collect and analyze. The study uses data collected in four villages in the Indian Semi-Arid Tropics to illustrate two methods for identifying the alternative indicators. A qualitative methodology included ethnographic case studies of at-risk households, participatory mapping of vulnerable households within a community, food charts, and seasonality...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42666

ALTERNATIVE COTTON PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parvin,   David W., Jr.; Cooke,   Fred T., Jr.; Martin,   Steven W.
Mississippi cotton farmers are adjusting to the current problem of low cotton price and high cotton production cost by modifying the way(s) they have traditionally grown cotton. This paper compares seven alternative production systems to the costs and returns associated with the conventional or traditional system labeled "solid cotton, 8-row equipment."  Systems that combine wider equipment (less labor and machinery time per acre) with reduced tillage technology appear to offer opportunities to increase returns. Specific adjustments on individual farms will probably be dominated by the distribution of soil types.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation tillage; Ultra-narrow; No-till; Skip-row; Costs; Returns; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15796

Alternative Farm Bills: Impacts on Minnesota Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; DalSanto,   Matthew R.
With the current federal farm bill set to expire at the end of September this year, many proposals have been made to redesign the next bill. The objectives of this study are to compare the current policy with major proposed alternatives and estimate the potential payments of farmers under each of the alternatives. The alternative policies are compared in two ways. First a historical comparison of crop revenue and estimated government payments for individual farms are made under each proposal from 2002-2005. In a second comparison, projections of crop revenue and government payments are made using historical yields for each farm, county, and nation; historical price data; statistical distributions of the yields and prices including averages, standard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7315

ALTERNATIVE GREEN PAYMENT POLICIES UNDER HETEROGENEITY WHEN MULTIPLE BENEFITS MATTER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Jinhua; Kling,   Catherine L.; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
We investigate the environmental impacts of several forms of policies that offer farmers subsides in return for adoption of conservation tillage. The policies differ on whether the tillage practice or one of the environmental benefits is targeted. We develop an environmental Lorenz curve that fully represents the performance of the targeting policies, and we show that these curves can be used directly to help select the optimal targeting strategy for special classes of social welfare functions. We apply the model to the state of Iowa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Lorenz curve; Multiple benefits of conservation tillage; Targeting subsidy policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18383

ALTERNATIVE GROWTH SCENARIOS FOR UGANDAN COFFEE TO 2020
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: You,   Liangzhi; Bolwig,   Simon.
Coffee is the most important export crop in Uganda and an important source of income among smallholder farmers in large parts of the country. The Robusta type dominates coffee production and Ugandan Robusta is demanded by roasters as a component in certain blends due to its special taste qualities. However, a combination of events outside and within Uganda, especially the collapse of world coffee prices in the late 1990s, are eroding farmer incomes and export revenues and threaten the long-term viability of the industry. In this context, the paper first investigates the challenges faced by the Ugandan coffee industry, namely the decline in the world coffee market, changes in procurement strategies among coffee importers, the rapidly expanding market for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coffee production; Commodity exports; Quality; DREAM; Development strategy evaluation; Producer benefits; Uganda; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16112

Alternative Industrial Development Paths for Indonesia: Sam and CGE Analyses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bautista,   Romeo M.; Robinson,   Sherman; El-Said,   Moataz.
"May 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 15). Published as Bautista, Romeo M., Sherman Robinson and Moataz El-Said. 2001. Alternative industrial development paths for Indonesia: SAM and CGE analyses. In J. Behrman, M. Dutta, S.L. Husted, P. Sumalee, C. Suthiphand and P. Wiboonchutikula, eds, Restructuring Asian for Economics the New Millennium,. Vol 9B, pp. 773-790. Elsevier Science/North Holland.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social accounting; Indonesia; Industrialization; International Development.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97538

ALTERNATIVE INTERTEMPROAL PERMIT TRADING  REGIMES WITH STOCHASTIC ABATEMENT COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We examine the social efficiency of alternative intertemporal permit trading regimes. Banking with a 1-to-1 ratio and with a non-unitary intertemporal trading ratio (ITR) are compared with each other and with the no-banking permit trading regime. The more industry-wide shocks vary, and/or the more they are negatively correlated across time, the more efficient is a bankable permit regime. When the slope of the benefit function is greater than the slope of the damage function, banking with ITR=1+r is more efficient than a no-banking regime. Banking with ITR=1 can be more efficient than a no-banking regime. However, whether ITR=1 or ITR=1+r is better depends on the covariance structure of the shocks and the benefit and damage functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankable permits; Permit banking; Borrowing; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18543

Alternative investments: the case of wine
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanning,   Lee W.; Shaffer,   Sherrill L.; Sharratt,   Jo Marie.
For repeat transactions data from monthly auction hammer prices, we analyze the level and quality of Bordeaux wine returns using the Fama-French Three-Factor Model and the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Returns average up to 0.75% per month above those predicted by these models. Further,  investment grade wines benefit from low exposure to market risk factors, thus offering a valuable dimension of portfolio diversification. These findings are consistent with simple theoretical considerations and support a documented growing interest in wine investments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine investments; Wine market; Bordeaux wines; Wine prices; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37322

ALTERNATIVE ITALIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVE SYSTEMS IN THE CHANGING EU FOOD SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Russo,   Carlo; Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Peterson,   H. Christopher.
The European food system is undergoing significant change driven both by global competitive forces and local conditions. Market globalization and technological innovation are interacting with the reform of EU's agricultural policies (CAP) and a renewed interest by the European society in the social and environmental functions of agriculture. These factors have created a new and challenging economic environment both for farmers and the food industry across Europe (Tarditi, 1997).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11585

Alternative Livelihoods: Substance or Slogan?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mansfield,   David; Pain,   Adam.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14650

Alternative Market Access Scenarios in the Agricultural Trade Negotiations of the Doha Round
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Conforti,   Piero; Salvatici,   Luca.
The paper explores an important issue in multilateral agricultural trade negotiations, namely the approach taken to reduce tariffs, simulating possible liberalization scenarios.  The analysis is based on the model of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), and on the related version 6.0 database.  Scenarios are run on a 2013 baseline, built by taking into account a number of events that have affected (and will further affect) world agricultural markets up to that period, focusing on the effects that are specifically attributable to further trade liberalization in the Doha Round.  The policy strategies analyzed are two hypothetical liberalization scenarios in terms of market access and export competition, plus a free agricultural trade benchmark scenario....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18878

ALTERNATIVE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR FEEDER PIG FINISHERS: FUTURES, OPTIONS, AND SIMPLE DECISION RULES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lawrence,   John D.; Roth,   Jennifer.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13398

Alternative Measures of Benefit for Nonmarket Goods Which are Substitutes or Complements for Market Goods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loehman,   Edna T.
Nonmarket goods include quality aspects of market goods and public goods which may be substitutes or complements for private goods. Traditional methods of measuring benefits of exogenous changes in nonmarket goods are based on Marshallian demand: change in spending on market goods or change in consumer surplus. More recently, willingness to pay and accept have been used as welfare measures . This paper defines the relationships among alternative measures of welfare for perfect substitutes, imperfect substitutes, and complements. Examples are given to demonstrate how to obtain exact measures from systems of market good demand equations .
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115913

ALTERNATIVE MODELS FOR THE FUTURE OF PORK PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ginder,   Roger G.
Structural changes now occurring in agriculture have led to a bifurcated pork channel.  One side of the channel is characterized by "commodity" hogs produced by traditional independent producers, nonintegrated contractors, partially integrated contractors and independent producer networks.  The other side is characterized by more industrialized producers with integrated genetics, production and slaughter.  Both sides will tend toward greater consistency and higher yielding carcasses.  However, the commodity side will concentrate more on providing packer values while the specialty or industrialized side will tend more towards final consumer values. The dual channel is not static.  To date, many of the potential consumer market opportunities possible on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18272

ALTERNATIVE MODELS OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE AND RELATED INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14098

ALTERNATIVE OLIGOPOLISTIC STRUCTURES IN INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY MARKETS: PRICE OR QUANTITY COMPETITION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carter,   Colin A.; MacLaren,   Donald.
It has been shown in new trade theory that trade taxes/subsidies may be optimal in the case of oligopolistic markets. This result has relevance for international commodity markets because there is growing evidence of imperfect competition in commodity trade. However, it has also been demonstrated that the optimal strategic trade policy depends on whether the market is distinguished by Bertrand (price) or Cournot (quantity) competition. We argue that commodity markets may be characterised by either form of imperfect competition and also by product differentiation. As an illustration, we present a set of models of the Japanese market for beef imports in which account is taken of various forms of strategic interaction between Australian and United States...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strategic trade theory; Imperfect competition; Oligopolistic international commodity markets; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51223

Alternative Paths toward a Low Carbon World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Tavoni,   Massimo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Stabilization Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90948

ALTERNATIVE PRICE SPECIFICATION FOR MUNICIPAL WATER DEMANDS: AN EMPIRICAL TEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frerichs,   Stephen; Becker,   Nir; Easter,   K. William.
Based on data from 92 Minnesota cities, the analyses shows that neither marginal price or average price appear as the better predictor of demand. The price elasticity of demand ranges from -. 17 for marginal price in the linear model to -.27 for average price in the log linear model. It appears from the analysis that many consumers are unaware of the marginal price of their water. Thus utilities should simplify their pricing structures and present consumers with an easy to understand costs of water such as the cost of six hours of lawn watering.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13033

Alternative Pricing and Delivery Strategies for Alberta Cattle Feeders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Novak,   Frank S.; Viney,   Bruce.
This study evaluates the risk and returns to cattle feeding in Alberta from the application of alternative marketing and pricing strategies. Feedlot finishing of 650 pound calves and 800 pound yearlings is modeled over the years from 1980 to 1993. The results of the study are based on the domestic and US marketing of live cattle using traditional cash marketing, futures contracts, put options, and forward production contracting systems. Use of the Western Domestic Feed Barley contract is also simulated. The results showed that barley price changes produced relatively small return changes compared to feeder and fat cattle price changes. An important source of return risk was found to be basis risk. Production contracting strategies which eliminated basis...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24044

ALTERNATIVE RULES TO INSURE LAND USE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13748

Alternative Specifications and Extensions of the Economic Threshold Concept and the Control of Livestock Pests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Rex; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Outlines economic threshold models developed by various authors as an aid to decision-making about pest management. Particular attention is given to the models proposed by Stern et al. (1959) and by Headley (1972) and the major differences in their concepts of the economic threshold. Limitations and scope for applying these models is discussed as well as differences in the extent of their applications are reviewed. After considering general issues in this respect, particular matters are given attention such as difficulties raised by complexities in the nature of yield loss function due to uncertainty in pest densities, the presence of multiple-pests, and the occurrence of pesticide resistance. An extension is provided for multiple species pest models to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pest control; Pest management; Livestock; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48381

ALTERNATIVE USE VALUES WITHIN A WATERSHED UNDER TRANSITORY SUPPLY SHOCKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Shaw,   W. Douglass.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12955

Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Michigan Field Production of Seedling Conifers and Herbaceous Perennials: –Economic Comparisons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thornsbury,   Suzanne; Woods,   Mollie; Beedy,   Tracy; Aguilar,   Cristobal.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7432

ALTRUISM AND MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ligon,   Ethan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25115

Altruism, Favoritism, and Guilt in the Allocation of Family Resources: Sophie's Choice in Mao's Mass Send Down Movement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Hongbin; Rosenzweig,   Mark R.; Zhang,   Junsen.
In this paper, we use new survey data on twins born in urban China, among whom many experienced the consequences of the forced mass rustication movement of the Chinese “cultural revolution,” to identify the distinct roles of altruism and guilt in affecting behavior within families. Based on a model depicting the choices of the allocation of parental time and transfers to multiple children incorporating favoritism, altruism and guilt, we show the conditions under which guilt and altruism can be separately identified by experimental variation in parental time with children. Based on within-twins estimates of affected cohorts, we find that parents selected children with lower endowments to be sent down; that parents behaved altruistically, providing more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Guilt; Altruism; China; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; J12; J13; O12.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43524

Amanzi Ayimpilo (Water is Life!): Regulatory Governance of the Water Sector in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muller,   Kobus; Uys,   Frederick M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30653

Amazonian Fisheries: Socio Economic Issues and Management Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandez-Baca,   Jaime.
Over the last three decades, the demand for fish in the Amazon basin has greatly increased due to population growth in the main cities of the region. While technological improvements in commercial fishing methods have made it possible to meet this growing demand, they have led to concerns about the possible extinction of certain fish species and to conflicts over the resource between commercial fishermen and rural communities. This study reviews the current state of inland fisheries in the Amazon in order to analyse policy options for fisheries management, and identifies key gaps in information on the economic, social and biological aspects of fisheries which constrain policymakers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24138

Amelioration des resultats nutritionnels grace aux initiatives de sante communautaires
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Victoria; Ouattara,   Fatimata; Tefft,   James F.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Staatz,   John M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 7.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11312

AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION FELLOWS' RETROSPECTIVE: REFLECTIONS ON PHILIP M. RAUP'S CAREER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Wunderlich,   Gene; McCalla,   Alex F.; Raup,   Philip M.
Contents:  Retrospective for Philip M. Raup, Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesota, by W. Burt Sundquist; On land and land policy: a Phil Raup retrospective, by Gene Wunderlich; Comments in honor of Professor Philip Raup, by Alex F. McCalla; In retrospect and prospect, by Philip M. Raup; Biographical sketch of Philip M. Raup
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13802

AMERICAN AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND THE 1990 FARM BILL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Erdman,   Laurie; Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13593

American Agriculture: What We Can Expect - National Symposium on the Future of American Agriculture, University of Georgia: August 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Edward G.; Knutson,   Ronald D.; Richardson,   James W.
The Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC) of the Texas A&amp;M University System is pleased to be invited to address this symposium addressing the future of U.S. agriculture. As a participant in the FAPRI consortium, AFPC monitors the economic conditions of U.S. agriculture at the farm and ranch level. To accomplish this, AFPC maintains approximately 80 crop, dairy, beef and pork representative farms throughout the nation. In the interest of time, this paper will focus only on the economic condition of the 41 feed grain/oilseeds, wheat, cotton and rice farms through the year 2002. Anyone interested in the livestock operations, or more detail on the crop farms, are directed to the AFPC web site at http://afpc1.tamu.edu. The publications included at...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42790

AMERICANS AND GM FOOD: KNOWLEDGE, OPINION AND INTEREST IN 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   William K.; Hebden,   W. Carl; Cuite,   Cara L.; Aquino,   Helen L.; Lang,   John T.
This report presents the results from the third in a series of studies examining public perception of genetically modified (GM) food in the United States. All three studies were based on survey results of separate, nationally representative samples of approximately 1,200 Americans taken in 2001, 2003, and 2004. While the survey instrument on which the current report is based maintained many of the same measures of awareness and attitude as its two predecessors, it also included several new queries that assess the ability of respondents to recall specific news stories related to GM food, their interest in the topic, and where they would go to look for new information.  Many questions that were repeated from previous years have changed considerably in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18175

AMMONIA ABATEMENT STRATEGIES IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: A CASE STUDY OF A POULTRY INSTALLATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Angus,   Andrew J.; Hodge,   Ian D.; Sutton,   M.A.
This study uses a linear programming approach to compare the potential effectiveness of uniform rules (under the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive) and a landscape-scale based policy for reducing ammonia (NH3) emissions and their related impacts from a case study poultry installation.  The model incorporates a variety of potential NH3 abatement techniques. It also incorporates the first application of a spatial model of the diffusion of environmental impacts from NH3 emissions. This models N deposition at a nearby nature reserve. The model finds that the uniform rules proposed under the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive are likely to be ineffective in certain contexts and that a landscape-scale approach is more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ammonia; Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control; Broiler installations; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31932

AN ABUNDANCE OF LAND: SOME QUESTIONS OF SCALE AND THE SPIRIT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13997

An Accidental Oil Spill Along the Belgian Coast: Results from a CV Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Biervliet,   Karl; Le Roy,   Dirk; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper offers an economic assessment of the loss of non-use values resulting from different oil spill scenarios along the Belgian Coast. Estimation results show that if no oil spill prevention policy action is undertaken, a significant welfare loss may result. As a matter of fact, contingent valuation estimation results show such a welfare loss ranges from 120 million Euro to 606 million Euro, depending on the size and the frequency of the oil spill under consideration. Therefore, any investment program targeted at the prevention of oil spills, and its damage on the marine environment, can be clearly defended from a cost-benefit perspective as long as its cost is no higher than 120 million Euro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12124

An Account of Geographic Concentration Patterns in Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brulhart,   Marius; Traeger,   Rolf.
Using entropy indices and associated bootstrap tests, we describe the distribution of economic sectors across Western European regions over the 1975-2000 period. We decompose geographic concentration into its within-country and between-country components. In addition, we estimate centre-periphery gradients in sectoral location patterns and the impact of EU membership on countries' internal geography. It is found that manufacturing has become gradually more concentrated, although the locational bias towards central regions has become weaker. Conversely, market services have been relocating towards centrally located regions. EU integration appears to have strengthened countries' internal concentration trends.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Geographic concentration; EU regions; Centre-periphery gradients; Entropy indices; Bootstrap inference; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R12; R14; F15.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26155

An Action Plan to Strengthen Linkages between Agricultural Productivity Growth and Improved Childhood Nutrition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tefft,   James F.; Staatz,   John M.; Penders,   Christopher L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Productivity Analysis; Downloads July 2008-July 2009:  10; Downloads July 2008-June 2009: 10.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11443

AN AFRICAN GROWTH TRAP: PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND THE TIME-CONSISTENCY OF AGRICULTURAL TAXATION, R&amp;D AND INVESTMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McMillan,   Margaret S.; Masters,   William A.
Why do so many African governments consistently impose high tax rates and make little investment in productive public goods, when alternative policies could yield greater tax revenues and higher national income?  We posit and test an intertemporal political economy model in which the government sets tax and R&amp;D levels while investors respond with production.  Equilibrium policy and growth rates depend on initial cost structure.  We find that in many (but not all) African countries, low tax/high investment regimes would be time-inconsistent, primarily because production technology requires relatively large sunk costs.  For pro-growth policies to become sustainable, commitment mechanisms or new production techniques would be needed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11839

AN AGENDA FOR THE DESIGN AND STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
The combination of a general greening of international political debate, and the events of 1992 at the Rio Earth summit have led to great interest in the question of global environmental protection. While it is recognized that international environmental agreements (IEAs) are the means by which the earth’s fragile environment is most likely to be protected, this recognition has been recent. Hence, there is very little formal research on the design and study of IEAs. As such, in this paper, I propose and describe a research agenda for the design and study of IEAs. Very generally, I propose that we frame the IEA design question as a problem in mechanism design. We will then be able to use, inter alia, the theory of common agency and the theory of hierarchies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International; Environmental; Agreement; Design; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; D73; D82; L50.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28353

AN AGENDA FOR THE STUDY OF LAND USE, WILDERNESS DESIGNATION, AND RESOURCE REGULATION IN THE AMERICAN WEST
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
Atemporal and intertemporal use of public lands, the determination of optimal levels of wilderness designation and habitat preservation, and the appropriate regulation of natural resources have all been "hot button" issues in the American West for quite some time now. In this paper, I propose and describe a research agenda which promises to yield interesting and useful new policy insights into these fractious resource issues.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land use; Wilderness; Regulation; Research; Agenda; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; B41; Q20; Q25.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28360

An Allais Measure of Production Sector Waste Due to Quotas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulginiti,   Lilyan E.; Perrin,   Richard K.
This paper adapts a partial equilibrium approach of Allais and Diewert to measure the efficiency loss in the producing sector due to quotas.  The measure of waste is the additional profits available for reallocation subject to constraints that the welfare of persons and firms outside the sector is unaffected.  It is relevant to a sector which faces fixed prices for some commodities, but endogenous prices for others.  Tobacco quotas in the United State are estimated to have caused quota-induced producer-sector waste of approximately $95 million per year during 1950-82, or about 3 percent of the average value of the crop.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste; Deadweight loss; Production sector; Quotas; Production Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18566

AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO THE THEORY OF LABOR SUPPLY IN LDC'S
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerken,   Egbert.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13365

AN ALTERNATIVE MEASURE OF AGGREGATE CONCENTRATION WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115904

An Alternative Measure of Human Capital Stock
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tao,   Hung-Lin; Stinson,   Thomas F.
An integrated approach for estimating the stock of human capital in the United States is developed which eliminates well known problems associated with both the cost and income based methods currently in use. Historical information on the cost of the educational investment made in base entrants (individuals who enter the full time labor force immediately following high school graduation) and the wage rate they receive upon entry into the work force is used to compute a rental rate for human capital. The human capital stock for other cohorts of the work force is then estimated using that rental rate and the reported earnings for each population subgroup. This method neutralizes the cost identification problems associated with the work of Kendrick and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7466

AN ANALYSIS OF 1999 GROSS RETURNS FOR SMALL GRAINS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
North Dakota gross returns from HRS wheat, durum wheat, and barley declined in 1999, relative to the expected gross returns, due to adverse weather conditions and low prices.  The total gross return reductions in 1999 was estimated to be $361 million, which was divided into $51 million from weather and disease and $329 million from lower-than-average prices. Gross return reductions were largest in Region 1 (Northwest), followed by Regions 3 (Northeast) and 6 (East Central).  HRS wheat accounted for the largest income loss, followed by durum and barley.  However, total net farm income increased in 1999 relative to 1998, because of government payments and crop insurance.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Crop losses; Weather conditions; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23249

AN ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE NET PRESENT VALUE CAPITAL INVESTMENT DECISION MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bradford,   Garnett L.; Miller,   Stephen E.
We have found that the disagreement between Returns-to-Assets (RTA) and Returns-to-Equity (RTE) proponents is not confined to agricultural economics.  Depending on the course they are taking and the accompanying text, students are likely to learn that there is a "right" way to calculate Net Present Values (NPVs), either by the RTA method or the RTE method.  In most cases, only one of the two methods is discussed and illustrated with numerical examples.  Less common are texts that compare the two methods, discuss their underlying assumptions, or show how the NPVs from the two methods can be reconciled. The paper is organized as follows.  The first section of the main body of the paper provides a comparative overview of the RTA and RTE methods; the second...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18804

An Analysis of Bundle Pricing in Horizontal and Vertical Markets: The Case of the U.S. Cottonseed Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming; Stiegert,   Kyle W.; Chavas,   Jean-Paul.
In this paper, we investigate substitution/complementarity relationships among products sold with different bundled characteristics and under different vertical arrangements. Our conceptual model demonstrates the interactive price impacts emanating from product differentiation, market concentration and market size. The model is applied to the U.S. cottonseed market using transaction level data from 2002 to 2007. This market has been impacted structurally in numerous ways due to the advances and the rapid adoption of seeds with differing bundles of biotechnology traits and vertical penetration emanating from the biotechnology seed industry. Several interesting findings are reported. The econometric investigation finds evidence of sub-additive pricing in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92248

An Analysis of Bundle Pricing: The Case of the Corn Seed Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Stiegert,   Kyle W.
This paper investigates bundle pricing under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, we first examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products can affect pricing. This is used to motivate multi-product generalizations of the Herfindahl-Hirschmann index (GHHI) capturing cross-market effects of imperfect competition on bundle pricing. The GHHI model is applied to pricing of conventional and patented biotech seeds in the US from 2000-2007. One major finding is that standard component pricing in biotech traits is soundly rejected in favor of sub-additive bundle pricing. This result is consistent with the presence of scope economies in the production of genetic traits. The econometric estimates show how changes in market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92212

An Analysis of Canadian Demand for Imported Tomatoes: One Market or Many?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darko-Mensah,   Kwame; Prentice,   Barry E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51241

AN ANALYSIS OF CANADIAN RAIL MOVEMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES USING THE 1992 PUBLIC USE WAYBILL SAMPLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fruin,   Jerry E.; Halbach,   Daniel Walter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13664

AN ANALYSIS OF COSTS BY SIZE OF JAIL FOR SELECTED COUNTIES IN IOWA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edelman,   Mark A.; Mayer,   Adrian J.
Officials from eight counties selected according to jail size were interviewed.  Parameters from site visits were used to estimate jail costs. The jails selected ranged in capacity from 5 to 41 prisoners. In addition, costs from the sample of local jails were compared to costs from studies of larger jails and state prisons.   Jails with 5 to 41 bed capacity exhibited a U-shaped cost curve. Jail costs varied from a low of $35.20 per prisoner day for the 10 bed jail to $56.63 per prisoner day for the 40 bed jail. Therefore, costs vary by $21.43 per prisoner day for the sample of local jails examined in this study. The threshold economies of size achieved by smaller jails is due primarily to the shared staffing systems, a high degree of integration between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Jails; Costs; Economies of size; Community jails; Regional jails; Corrections; Public Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18275

AN ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AND EXPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marseli,   Oussama; Epperson,   James E.
Expansion of the cotton industry depends on economic growth. Models were specified to estimate U.S. domestic and export demand with and without structural change. The results indicate that domestic demand increases with per capita GDP and decreases with rising oil prices. U.S. export demand for cotton expands with lower beginning stocks in the rest of the world and rising per capita income.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16709

An Analysis of Global Timber Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent; Mendelsohn,   Robert; Sedjo,   Roger A.; Lyon,   Kenneth S.
This paper presents a model of global timber markets that captures the evolution of a broad array of forest resources and timber market margins over time. These margins include the inaccessible northern and tropical margins, plantation establishment, and timberland management. A baseline case is presented and discussed. Five alternative scenarios are then presented. These scenarios allow us to consider several important questions about timber market behavior and the future supply of industrial fiber: (1) What happens along the northern and the tropical inaccessible margins? (2) What role do timber plantations play? and (3) How do shifts in management intensity interact with market forces? The baseline case suggests that both prices and harvests rise over...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global timber markets; Forest plantations; Model; Forecast; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10449

AN ANALYSIS OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER AND ERADICATION STRATEGIES IN THE HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS OF MOROCCO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oldham,   Elizabeth Anne; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Benjelloun,   Sabah; Ahanou,   Brahim; Riley,   Pamela J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28363

AN ANALYSIS OF IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER AND ERADICATION STRATEGIES IN THE HIGH ATLAS MOUNTAINS OF MOROCCO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oldham,   Elizabeth Anne; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Benjelloun,   Sabah; Ahanou,   Brahim.
The population of the Ounein Valley in the High Atlas Mountains in Morocco is at high risk of iodine deficiency. We investigated local children’s iodine deficiency and goiter patterns as well as food consumption habits through a household survey. Median urinary iodine content and goiter analysis both reflect moderate iodine deficiency. Total fish consumption has a statistically significant, positive effect on urinary iodine content. Fish consumption, like that of salt, is closely related to market access. Respondents are uniformly unaware of the dietary etiology of goiter. An effective strategy to reduce the high incidence of iodine deficiency disorder among children in the valley must attend to four crucial issues: fish consumption, salt iodization,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Iodine deficiency; Micronutrient deficiency; Morocco; Nutrition education; Salt iodization; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28368

An Analysis of Local Market Concentration Levels and Trends in the U.S. Grocery Retailing Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franklin,   Andrew W.; Cotterill,   Ronald W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25173

AN ANALYSIS OF MARKETING CHANNELS OF LOCAL FOOD IN SCOTLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Watts,   D.; Leat,   Philip M.K.
Local food and its possibilities for addressing sustainable regional growth, food availability, accessibility and affordability has received considerable attention in the discussion on and development of the National Food Policy in Scotland. In terms of methodology, the paper continues the analysis of the local food database for Scotland constructed in Watts et al (2010) by exploring the marketing outlets used by the local food enterprises. This subject is important because it may provide information about the degree of entrepreneurship of the involved firms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Local food; Scotland; Marketing outlets; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109409

AN ANALYSIS OF NONMETROPOLITAN GROWTH IN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorf,   Ronald J.; Hoppe,   Robert A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13492

AN ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN PORK PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.; Kliebenstein,   James B.; Orazem,   Peter F.
The rapid expansion of large-scale pork production has been accompanied by increasing concerns regarding potential detrimental consequences of environmental hazards on the health of producers. This study makes use of health indicators obtained from attendees at the World Pork Expo between 1991 and 1995 to evaluate the impact of pork production generally and of confinement production, specifically, on producer health.  The analysis expands existing studies because the larger number of participants allows for detailed analysis, both nonfarmers and non-pork farmers are used as controls, both objective as well as self-reported health measures are considered, and personal characteristics such as height, weight, age, gender, smoking habits, and years of exposure...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18278

An Analysis of Primary Teacher Education in Trinidad and Tobago: Multi-Site Teacher Education Research Project (MUSTER), Country Report Four
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: George,   June; Quamina-Aiyejina,   Lynda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12873

An Analysis of Profits within the Canadian Food Processing Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burroughs,   Rick; Harper,   Deborah.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28018

An Analysis of Regional Economic Growth in the U.S. Midwest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Monchuk,   Daniel C.; Miranowski,   John A.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
In this paper we examine some of the economic forces that underlie economic growth at the county level. In an effort to describe a much more comprehensive regional economic growth model, we address a variety of different growth hypotheses by introducing a large number of growth related variables. When formulating our hypotheses and specifying our growth model we make liberal use of GIS (geographical information systems) mapping software to "paint" a picture of where growth spots exist. Our empirical estimation indicates that amenities, state and local tax burdens, population, amount of primary agriculture activity, and demographics have important impacts on economic growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Amenities; Fiscal policy; Rural income growth; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18552

An Analysis of Retail and Service Sector Count Data: Identification of Market Potential for Wisconsin Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.; Kures,   Matt; Ryan,   William.
The objective of this applied research project is to use Wisconsin county sales tax data to identify the strengths and weaknesses of selected retail and service sectors. Using “count” data on the number of businesses that report taxable sales we apply regression analysis to develop an estimate of the expected number of firms in the county. By comparing the observed and expected number of firms we can identify strengths and weaknesses. Through the regression analysis we can also identify which socioeconomic characteristics are associated with which types of retail and service firms. The method that we offer we refer to as Firm Count Analysis (FCA) and can be viewed as a complement to Trade Area Analysis (TAA) and the analysis of sales data.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12688

An Analysis of Scope Economies and Specialisation Efficiencies Among Thai Shrimp and Rice Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mekhora,   Thamrong; Fleming,   Euan M.
Smallholders increasingly combine shrimp culture with the more traditional rice enterprise in regions of Thailand suitable for raising shrimps. They can exploit cost complementarities in production by combining activities in these enterprises within their farming systems. At the same time, it makes them more susceptible to on-farm negative externalities between rice and shrimp production, in both directions, causing scope diseconomies. A stochastic input distance model is estimated using data on shrimp and rice production by 52 smallholder households. Results from the estimated model are used to establish whether scope economies or diseconomies exist and whether specialisation in either shrimp or rice production significantly influences technical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scope economies; Specialisation efficiencies; Input distance function; Thailand; Smallholders; Technical efficiency; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12914

An Analysis of Shipper Leased Rail Equipment in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ming,   Dennis R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23396

AN ANALYSIS OF SITUATION, STRUCTURE, CONDUCT AND PERFORMANCE IN AIR EMISSION AND WATERSHED EFFLUENT MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norris,   Patricia E.; Brown,   Elaine M.; Batie,   Sandra S.
After much debate and many legislative proposals, the Clean Air Act was amended in 1990 to allow more flexibility in meeting emissions standards for SO2. Specifically, an SO2 emissions allowance trading program was implemented.  Firms can meet emission standards by any pollution control method, including buying emission allowances from other firms. Analysts have concluded that, with the changes in the Clean Air Act, SO2 emissions have been reduced by 50 percent and at an estimated $7 billion less than the anticipated cost of the regulatory command-and-control system.   Not surprisingly, policy analysts have explored the opportunities for implementing similar market-based systems for water pollution control.  Because much of the on-going impairment of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11798

An Analysis of Sportsman Activity Data Collection Methods for North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerestes,   Daniel E.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23416

AN ANALYSIS OF THE AGRICULTURAL TRANSPORTATION DATABASE 7/99 - 6/00; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fruin,   Jerry E.; Tiffany,   Douglas G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13976

An Analysis of the Banana Import market in the U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Su,   Chia-Hsien; Ishdorj,   Ariun; Leatham,   David J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand; Banana; Import; Market power; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98847

An Analysis of the Consumption of Sausages in Scotland using Supermarket Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Kupiec-Teahan,   Beata; Wrieden,   Wendy; Davis,   Victoria; Milne,   Anne; Leat,   Philip M.K.
This paper addresses consumers’ choices by looking into: current food choices made by different socio-economic groups; price barriers for diet improvement; and ways in which marketing may affect product choice. The study seeks: first, to analyze the differences in consumption of sausages of different nutritional composition among different socio-demographic and lifestage groups; and second, to measure whether it is possible to improve diet quality without affecting household expenditure. Sausages represent a relatively high proportion of red and processed meat purchases in Scotland, contributing significantly to the fat and sodium in the Scottish diet. The data used consisted of two-years of weekly information from a top-4, UK supermarket. The results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scotland; Saturated fats; Sodium; Consumer choices; Sausages consumption; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109402

An Analysis of the Evolution of Tourism Destinations from the Point of View of the Economic Growth Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lozano,   Javier; Gomez Gomez,   Carlos Mario; Rey-Maquieira,   Javier.
In this paper we try to build a bridge between the traditional analysis of the evolution of tourism destinations and economic growth theory. With such an aim we develop an environmental growth model for an economy specialized in tourism and we derive the pattern of tourism development with numerical calculations. The results of our simulations do not contradict the general pattern of evolution implied in the Tourism Area Life Cycle Hypothesis, being environmental deterioration and public goods congestion the main reasons for the stagnation of the tourism destination. We also show the importance of the quality of private tourism services in the evolution of the tourism destination.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12151

AN ANALYSIS OF THE GOVERNMENT PAYMENT PROGRAM IN US AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gulati,   Sumeet; Mishra,   Ashok K.
In an analysis of the determinants of government payments to a farm the paper finds cropping patterns, soil productivity, and more importantly human capital variables such as education, and age as significant. While analyzing the effect of government payments on the profit efficiency of agriculture the paper finds that the inclusion of government payments does not cause structural change in US agriculture (i.e., a change in returns to scale of the underlying technology). Nevertheless, the paper does find evidence of an indirect effect of government payments on efficiency. Farms that received greater government payments on aggregate were more efficient than other farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15837

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ENSO (EL NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION) ON GLOBAL CROP YIELDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferris,   John N.
Forecasts of global crop yields prior to planting have generally been single values, based entirely on past trends.  Regression analysis testing a combination of data from ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation) and ARMA models suggests that yield forecasting errors can be reduced, generating more normal distributions of these errors.  Keywords: El Niño, ENSO, forecasting crop yields, long range weather forecasting, agricultural modeling, food security, risk management
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: El Niño; ENSO; Forecasting crop yields; Long range weather forecasting; Agricultural modeling; Food security; Risk management; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11741

An Analysis of the Impact of European Union and United States Dairy Policies on EU-U.S. Trade in Milk Protein Concentrate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gehrke,   Brad C.; Babula,   Ronald A.; Coleman,   Jonathan R.
During 1996-2000, U.S. imports of milk protein concentrate (MPC) increased rapidly. At the same time, Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) stocks of non-fat dry milk (NFDM) went from nothing to more than 500 million pounds. Consequently, U.S. milk producers attributed low milk prices and dairy farmer income during this period to the increased imports of MPC. U.S. milk producers were especially concerned with MPC imports for two reasons. First, MPC between 40 and 90 percent protein had been classified in subheading 0404.90.10 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS). Thus, MPC was not subject to the tariff-rate quotas applied to many other dairy products. Second, MPC produced in the European Union (EU) and exported to the United States was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15875

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS RESULTING FROM THE 2002 FARM BILL ON INDIANA FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GROWERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Althoff,   Kyle; Gray,   Allan W.
The 2002 Farm Bill has negatively impacted the finances of new/expanding fruit and vegetable (FAV) growers interested in diversifying their operations. Producers wishing to grow FAV on farms that do not have a historical record of such production must either remove their farm from government program payments or face penalties for planting FAV on subsidized acres.  If a grower removes a farm from the program, he/she will lose the government payments for the entire farm, not just the acres that are planted to FAV production. Combined with penalties for producing on any land without historical production in FAV, the addition of soybeans as a base eligible crop has unintentionally removed thousands of Midwestern acres previously available for FAV production....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28652

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE AND THE FOOD SECTOR TO THE MICHIGAN ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ferris,   John N.
The number of workers on farms and in food processing represents about 16 percent of total employment in basic industries in Michigan. Converting farm labor to full time equivalents, however, reduces the proportion to about 11 percent. The industries dependent upon agriculture and food processing enhance the importance of this sector.  Adding backward linked industries increases the total employment from about 100 thousand to 200 thousand and output from $15 billion to $27 billion. If Michigan agriculture's share of the forward linked industries of wholesaling and retailing is added, total employment related directly or indirectly to farming and food processing is estimated to be 500 thousand and output to be $37 billion. In terms of employment, this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11793

An Analysis of the Link between Ethanol, Energy, and Crop Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.
Replaced with revised version of paper 12/06/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Energy; Ethanol; Renewable fuels; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18453

AN ANALYSIS OF THE MARKET FOR FOOD STAMPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryant,   W. Keith.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13566

AN ANALYSIS OF THE MARKETING COST IMPACTS OF REVERSE OSMOSIS CONCENTRATION OF MILK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winchell,   Elizabeth H.; Hammond,   Jerome W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13077

An Analysis of the Potential Impact of the Elimination of EU Export Refunds for Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Philippidis,   George; Toma,   Luiza; Renwick,   Alan W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109417

An Analysis of the Pricing of Traits in the U.S. Corn Seed Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shi,   Guanming; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Stiegert,   Kyle W.
This paper investigates the pricing of patented traits in the U.S. hybrid corn seed market under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, we first examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products can affect pricing. This is used to motivate multi-product generalizations of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (GHHI) capturing cross-market effects of imperfect competition on bundle pricing. The GHHI model is applied to pricing of conventional and patented biotech seeds in the US from 2000-2007. One major finding is that standard component pricing in biotech traits is soundly rejected in favor of subadditive bundle pricing. The econometric estimates show how changes in market structures (as measured by both own- and cross-Herfindahl...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92249

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROFILES AND MOTIVATIONS OF HABITUAL COMMODITY SPECULATORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Canoles,   W. Bruce; Thompson,   Sarahelen R.; Irwin,   Scott H.; France,   Virginia G.
The focus of this study is the habitual speculator in commodity futures markets. The speculator's activity broadens a market, creates essential liquidity, and performs an irreplaceable pricing function. Working knowledge of the profiles and motivations of habitual speculators is essential to both market theorist and policy makers. Responses to a 73 question survey were collected directly from retail commodity brokers with offices in Alabama. Each questionnaire recorded information on an individual commodity client who had traded for an extended period of time. The typical trader studied is a married, white male, age 52. He is affluent and well educated. He is a self-employed business owner who can recover from financial setbacks. He is a politically right...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14768

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED DOHA ROUND MODALITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Matthey,   Holger; Isik,   Murat; Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Hart,   Chad E.; Full,   Frank.
The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture (URAA) provided a continuing mandate for progressive reforms to liberalize world agricultural markets. A new round of negotiation was put into motion in early 2000 and later formalized in what is now called the Doha Round. The Doha Round negotiation follows the same principle laid out in the URAA, with the introduction of three reform anchors: market access, export competition, and reduction of domestic support. This paper specifies the new schedule of commitments for each member country under the proposed modalities and assesses the potential market impacts of these changes for world agricultural markets. We specifically focus on grains, oilseeds, sugar, cotton, livestock, poultry, and dairy markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18659

An Analysis of the Relationships among Specific Quality Characteristics for Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mittleider,   John F.; Anderson,   Donald E.
The purpose of this study is to provide information dealing with the specific relationships among various quality characteristics for hard red spring and durum wheat. Grain handlers and users may use these data when actual tests of specific quality relationships are not readily available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23367

An Analysis of Whole Farm Revenue Safety Net Options in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Smith,   Edward G.; Knutson,   Ronald D.
Despite many years of experience, the federal government continues to seek a farm program that holds the potential for providing a politically acceptable safety net for farmers. This study demonstrates that, with the 2002 Farm Bill, AMTA, and marketing loan provisions continuing, a whole farm revenue safety net has the potential for simplifying existing farm programs, while enhancing the financial position of US farmers. There remains the need for further analysis of the impacts of the options analyzed on supply response by farmers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42728

An Analytic Hierarchy Process for The Evaluation of Transport Policies to Reduce Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berrittella,   Maria; Certa,   Antonella; Enea,   Mario; Zito,   Pietro.
Transport is the sector with the fastest growth of greenhouse gases emissions, both in developed and in developing countries, leading to adverse climate change impacts. As the experts disagree on the occurrence of these impacts, by applying the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we have faced the question on how to form transport policies when the experts have different opinions and beliefs. The opinions of experts have been investigated by a means of a survey questionnaire. The results show that tax schemes aiming at promoting environmental-friendly transport mode are the best policy. This incentives public and environmental-friendly transport modes, such as car sharing and car pooling.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10264

An Annotated Bibliography of Crop Rotation and Tillage Literature With Special Emphasis on the Canadian Prairies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orlick,   Charles C.; Bauer,   Leonard; Jeffrey,   Scott R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24067

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTED PRODUCTIVITY LITERATURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.
"This paper annotates and cites literature that is relevant to...agricultural productivity analysis...[includes] agricultural productivity studies for all countries dating back to World War II."
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13580

AN ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Harry M.
Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other "greenhouse" gases have the potential to substantially warm climates worldwide.  While the timing and magnitude of global warming is uncertain, scientists on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predict that average global temperature may increase by 1.5- 4.5³C (2.7-8.1³F) over the next 100 years. Changes in precipitation will likely accompany any changes in temperature.  However, the magnitude, and even direction of these changes is difficult to predict with much confidence on a regional basis.      The agricultural sector may be profoundly affected by future changes in temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and carbon dioxide concentrations. Over the past decade, there has been a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14100

An Antitrust Economic Analysis of Stop &amp; Shop's Proposed Acquisition of the Big V Shop Rite Supermarket Chain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.
In early 2002, the Royal Ahold subsidiary, Stop &amp; Shop Supermarkets, offered to purchase the Big V supermarket chain, which was in bankruptcy court after three successive, unsuccessful leveraged buyouts over the past ten years. At a later date, Pathmark Supermarkets joined the offer to purchase. Big V was Wakefern Food Corporation’s largest member. The acquisition was a horizontal merger in at least three local markets, Newburgh NJ, Poughkeepsie NY, and Trenton NJ.  This research was conducted for the Wakefern Food Corporation who provided much of the underlying data and information. We presented this report to the Bureau of Competition, Federal Trade Commission in March 2002 and to the New Jersey and New York Attorney Generals, Antitrust Section in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Horizontal merger; Market power; Predation; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25194

An Antitrust Economic Analysis of the Proposed Acquisition of Supermarkets General Holdings Corporation be Ahold Acquisition Inc.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25219

AN APPLICATION OF BAYESIAN VECTOR AUTOREGRESSION TO THE U.S. TURKEY MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ford,   Stephen A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13982

An Application of Mixed Logit Estimation in the Analysis of Producers’ Stated Preferences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kipperberg,   Gorm; Bond,   Craig A.; Hoag,   Dana L.
This paper analyzes Colorado Corn producers’ preferences over both private- and environmental public-good production system attributes. Current production practices are characterized by intensive water and chemical use, resulting in non-point source pollution to water bodies as well as soil erosion problems. Data from a stated preference survey are employed to analyze key attributes of experimentally configured irrigation systems, proposed as alternatives to current practices. Panel mixed logit estimations find positive preferences for profit, risk reduction, and, importantly, systems with less environmental impact in terms of nitrate leaching and soil erosion. The results also find presence of significant preference heterogeneity and a complementary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Profit-maximization; Environment; Mixed logit; Stated preference; Attribute part-worth; Nitrate leaching; Soil erosion; Risk; Crop Production/Industries; C10; D62; Q12; Q15; Q51.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108719

AN APPLICATION OF THE PHOSPHORUS CONSISTENT RULE FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE COST-EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF BROILER LITTER IN CROP PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Krishna P.; Limaye,   Ashutosh S; Adhikari,   Murali; Martin,   Neil R., Jr.
We calculated the profitability of using broiler litter as a source of plant nutrients using the phosphorus consistent litter application rule.  The cost saving by using litter is 37% over the use of chemical fertilizer alone to meet the nutrient needs of major crops grown in Alabama.  In the optimal solution, only a few routes of all the possible routes developed were used for inter- and intra- county litter hauling.  If litter is not adopted as the sole source of crop nutrients, the best environmental policy may be to pair the phosphorus consistent rule with taxes, marketable permits, and subsidies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31658

An Appraisal of the Performance of Privatized Enterprises in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Paul; Uchida,   Yuichiro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30657

AN APPRAISAL OF THE STATE BANK OF INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bisaliah,   S.; Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13255

An appropriate level of risk: Balancing the need for safe livestock products with fair market access for the poor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stevens,   Christopher; Sones,   Keith; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro; Perry,   Brian D.
This paper examines the role of livestock products as commodities of trade, responding to the demand and higher prices that many external markets offer, and at the same time providing important contributions to the development process in poorer countries.  It highlights that this opportunity is not without its threats: much of the Western world has, over the last half century in particular, invested substantial amounts of money in controlling and eradicating many infectious diseases of livestock, and in building up healthy and highly productive animals, the products derived from which earn them very large sums of money on world markets.  Such countries are not willing to take risks that could threaten their livestock industries, and their domestic and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23773

AN APPROPRIATE WELFARE MEASURE OF WILDLIFE DAMAGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heigh,   Lori; Rollins,   Kimberly S.; Kanetkar,   Vinay.
This paper derives the welfare loss to landowners from wildlife damage, which is not the same as the value of yield loss.  The paper then estimates the welfare loss to Ontario landowners using willingness to tolerate losses as an indication of on-farm wildlife benefits.  Results for Ontario fieldcrop producers in 1998 suggest that the welfare loss is approximately half of the value of the yield loss.  A number of variables are significant predictors of willingness to tolerate losses, including wildlife species, prevention activity, changes in local wildlife population levels, and landowners perceptions of the recreational and non-use benefits from wildlife.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34153

AN ARBITRAGE-FREE APPROACH TO QUASI-OPTION VALUE; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coggins,   Jay S.; Ramezani,   Cyrus A.
In the presence of uncertainty and irreversibility, dynamic decision problems should not be solved using expected net present value analysis.  The right to delay a decision can be valuable.  We show that the value of this right equals Arrow and Fisher’s (1974) quasi-option value.  In a discrete model we show how to derive quasi-option value using methods from finance, methods that remove altogether the need to take expected values of future stochastic variables.  Two main findings are presented.  First, if the stochastic dynamic process underlying the problem is known, the Arrow and Fisher and Henry (1974) result that improper use of net present value leads to too much early development, is correct.  Second, if the process is not known perfectly, their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14469

An Assessment of Commodity Export Performance in South Pacific Countries, 1960 to 1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Blowes,   Anita.
We examine export performance and the factors influencing export growth in ten South Pacific countries, concentrating on the comparative influences of geographic endowments, policies and institutions. The countries under study are Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. Only Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands experienced a positive trend in total commodity export values. Agricultural export values grew significantly only in Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Most countries experienced growth in non-agricultural commodity export values, albeit from a low base.  As a general rule, export performance was superior for countries with richer endowments of natural resources. Geographic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12949

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPETITIVE POSITION OF GREAT LAKES PORTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL STEAM COAL MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Senf,   David R.; Fruin,   Jerry E.
This report, using a linear programming model to minimize total delivered world steam coal costs, analyzes future coal trade flows.  Assessing the possibility of exporting Northern Great Plains coal through the St. Lawrence via the twin ports of Duluth, Minnesota and Superior, Wisconsin is the main goal of the study.  World steam coal trade flows are projected for the years 1985, 1990 and 2000 through the linear programming model.  The model includes demand from 25 coal importing nations and supply from 19 coal producing regions around the world.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14109

An Assessment of the Economic Impacts of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks:  Ten Tentative Conclusions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schweikhardt,   David B.
As the United States attempts to recover from the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, D.C., an issue of increasing concern is the impact of these events on the U.S. economy.  One of the most frequently asked questions today, for example, is "Are we in a recession or are we likely to enter a recession in the next few months?"  It is impossible for anyone to give precise predictions of the impact of these events on the economy, but it is critical that the status of the economy be understood as future events unfold.  This paper reviews some evidence on the state of the U.S. economy before September 10, the state of the economy after September 12, and the policy alternatives available to address the possibility of a recession during the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11773

An Assessment of the EPA's SO2 Emission Allowance Tracking System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lile,   Ronald D.; Bohi,   Douglas R.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
On November 8, 1996, various Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) officials, scholars and industry representatives gathered at Resources for the Future (RFF) to examine the EPA's method for classifying private SO2 allowance transactions by the Allowance Tracking System (ATS). The one-day workshop at RFF was designed to evaluate how well the EPA's classification scheme within the ATS currently meets the needs of constituencies with a vested interest in the allowance trading system, and to determine if other classifications would be more beneficial. The EPA has limited its collection of information to that which is necessary to ensure compliance with environmental goals. In particular, the EPA has interpreted its mission to be one of minimal interference in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Regulated industries; Electric utilities; Emissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; D23; D49; H70; K23; L94; Q25.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10890

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED NEW RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Larry J.; Mussell,   Al; Andison,   Nancy Brown; Stoddart,   Harry; Davenport,   Lloyd.
The purpose of this assessment as outlined in the terms of reference is: "To obtain an assessment by an independent third party of the expected performance of the proposed new business risk management program's proposed New NISA and production insurance relative to the current set of risk management programming, including NISA, CFIP, crop insurance and companion programs."  Within this context, the specific mandate and scope is to assess "the extent to which the current and proposed programs meet the objectives set out by Agriculture Ministers for business risk management programming, as follows: · to ensure programs are responsive to demand and         that government dollars are directed to areas of          need with respect to income stabilization,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18112

AN ATEMPORAL MICROECONOMIC THEORY AND AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF PRICE-INDUCED TECHNICAL PROGRESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caputo,   Michael R.; Paris,   Quirino.
An exhaustive comparative statics analysis of a general price taking cost-minimizing model of the firm operating under the influence of price-induced technical progress is carried out from a dual vista. The resulting refutable implications are observable and thus amenable to empirical verification, and take on the form of a symmetric and negative semidefinite matrix. Using data from individual cotton gins in California’s San Joaquin Valley, we empirically test the complete set of implications of the price-induced technical progress theory using both classical and Bayesian statistical procedures. We find that the data are fully consistent with the atemporal, costminimizing, price-induced microeconomic theory of technical progress.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11992

An Econometric Analysis of Brand Level Strategic Pricing Between Coca Cola and Pepsi Inc.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhar,   Tirtha Pratim; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Gould,   Brian W.
Market structure and strategic pricing for leading brands sold by Coca Cola and Pepsi Inc. are investigated in the context of a flexible demand specification and structural price equations. This approach is more general than prior studies that rely upon linear approximations and interactions of an inherently nonlinear problem. We test for Bertrand equilibrium, Stackelberg equilibrium, collusion, and a general conjectural variation (CV) specification. This nonlinear Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) estimation approach provides useful information on the nature of imperfect competition and the extent of market power.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market structure; Strategic pricing; Conjectural variations; Price reaction; Carbonated soft drinks; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25231

An Econometric Analysis of Canada's Wheat and Feed Grain Economy with Emphasis on Commercial Agricultural Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jolly,   Robert W.; Abel,   Martin E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8487

AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DEMAND FOR MEAT AND FISH PRODUCTS IN KOREA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jung,   Jione; Koo,   Won W.
This study analyzes the structure of Korean meat and fish product demand.  The Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) is used to estimate Korean meat and fish demand. Since the expenditure term is endogenous, the three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimator is used to estimate the demand system. Empirical results indicate that beef imports would increase with increases in per capita income. If imported beef becomes less expensive as a result of the trade liberalization policy adopted by the Korean government, Hanwoo beef would not be competitive and could lose its market share. Pork and chicken would be able to maintain market shares, but most fish products would lose market shares.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand; Almost ideal demand system; Meat; Fish; Endogeneity; Rotterdam model; Separabiilty; Estimator; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23122

An Econometric Analysis of Donations for Environmental Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yen,   Steven T.; Boxall,   Peter C.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24095

AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES AND THEIR AFFECT ON THE LOCATION OF MANUFACTURING PLANTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorf,   Ronald J.
The purpose of this study is (1) to determine if quantitative structural difference among rural communities can be discerned and (2) to test statistically any structural differences discerned as to their association with the location of manufacturing plants, and their association with growth in manufacturing employment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13567

An Econometric Analysis of Supply Response for Cattle and Hogs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Petry,   Timothy A.; Anderson,   Craig Scott.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23389

An econometric analysis of the competitive position of Australian cotton in the Japanese market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie).
Although a relatively small producer, Australia exports but about 90% of its cotton production, making it the third largest cotton exporter. This means that export performance plays a major role in determining the profitability of the Australian cotton industry. The primary aim was to determine the competitive position of Australian cotton in the Japanese market, based on the AIDS model using data from 1972 to 1998. The main findings were that the United States had a relatively strong market position and that to improve its market position, Australia should become more cost competitive and/or improve its quality image through promotion.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Almost ideal demand system; Cotton marketing; Import demand; Japan; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12940

An Econometric Analysis of the Demand for RTE Cereal: Product Market Definition and Unilateral Market Power Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Haller,   Lawrence E.
This research report is the econometric analysis of product market definition and unilateral market power that the senior author presented as expert economic witness for the state of New York in State of New York v. Kraft General Foods et al. at trial in September 1994. It is the first, and to date as of September 1997, only full-scale attempt to present in a federal district court analysis of a merger’s impact using scanner generated brand level data and econometric techniques to estimate brand and category level elasticities of demand. The court rejected this analysis [State of New York v. Kraft General Foods, 926 F. supp. 358 (S.D. N.Y. 1995)]. We think that it should not have done so, and would like to make this work more readily available than the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25218

An Econometric Analysis of U.S. Wheat Acreage Response: The Impact of Changing Government Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.
This study is an attempt to evaluate effectiveness of farm commodity programs and farmers' response to market prices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23447

An Econometric Decomposition of Aggregate Data: Application to the EU-15 Average Cattle Slaughter Weight
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Premakumar,   V.
The level of aggregation of reported data has limited the proper accounting of live animals in most, if not all, livestock models, making the consistency of their underlying biologics suspect. We develop an econometric methodology to decompose a wide range of aggregate data. This method is applied to estimate a disaggregated average cattle slaughter weight for calves, cows, and other cattle from total beef production data in the European Union. The estimated model gave acceptable statistical properties and estimated slaughter weights that closely correspond to reported sample-based slaughter weights across all cattle categories. The model has a good fit, no serial correlation, and highly significant coefficients with consistent signs. Standard validation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18639

AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF THE DEMAND FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LaFrance,   Jeffrey T.
A flexible, full rank two model of food consumption that is globally consistent with economic theory, aggregates across income, demographic variables, and variations in micro demand parameters, and accommodates tradeoffs between tastes and nutrition is derived.  The econometric demand model is estimated with per capita U.S. consumption of 21 foods on the time period 1919-1994, excluding the World War II years 1942-1946.  An approach for inferring the percentage of nutrients available from individual commodities in the U.S. food supply is derived and implemented empirically on the time period 1949-1995 for the nutrients energy, protein, total fat, carbohydrates, and cholesterol.  The two sets of model results are combined to generate time paths for income...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Demand; Food; Nutrition; Hicksian Compensated Price Elasticities; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25004

An Econometric Model of the European Economic Community's Wheat Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; de Gorter,   Harry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51232

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ASPECTS OF PETROLEUM AND MILITARY SECURITY IN THE PERSIAN GULF
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chapman,   Duane; Khanna,   Neha.
Geologic estimates of remaining global petroleum resources place about 50% in the Persian Gulf. Production costs are estimated at $5 per barrel there, and $15 per barrel in the North Sea and Alaska. Using mathematical methods derived from depletion theory is utilized to explain the $15-$20 per barrel price band that existed from 1986 to 1999. New economic forces have displaced this previously stable pattern; a new price range of $22-to $28 may be emerging. International trade in petroleum and conventional weapons are analyzed with econometric methods; the occurrence of nuclear weapons capability in the Persian Gulf region is explored.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7229

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BIRD DAMAGE IN VINEYARDS OF THE MARLBOROUGH REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyce,   Laurie; Meister,   Anton D.; Lang,   Sandy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23696

An Economic Analysis of Carbon Sequestration for Wheat and Grain Sorghum Production in Kansas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aller,   Taryn D.; Williams,   Jeffery R.; Nelson,   Richard G.; Claassen,   Mark M.; Rice,   Charles W.
This study examined the economic potential with and without carbon credit payments of two crop and tillage systems in South Central Kansas that could reduce carbon dioxide emissions and sequester carbon in the soil. Experiment station cropping practices, yield data, and soil carbon data for continuously cropped wheat and grain sorghum produced with conventional tillage and no-tillage from1986 to 1995 were used to determine soil carbon changes and to develop enterprise budgets to determine expected net returns for a typical dryland farm in South Central Kansas. No-till had lower net returns because of lower yields and higher overall costs. Both crops produced under no-till had higher annual soil C gains than under conventional tillage. Carbon credit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon credit value; Carbon sequestration; Grain sorghum; No-tillage; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117991

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CONTRACTING ARRANGEMENTS USED BY THE MINNESOTA TURKEY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dornbush,   Calvin W.; Boehlje,   Michael.
The objective of this report is to summarize knowledge about contracts used in the turkey industry which may be helpful in initiating contracts in other agricultural enterprises.  Characteristics common to all Minnesota contracts are described.  Contracts are divided into three main categories and similarities of contracts within those categories are described.  Budgets developed at the University of Minnesota were used to calculate the return to labor and management (RLM) for each type of contract.  Feed costs were set at six levels to show how risk and return are shared as feed costs change.  Historic wholesale prices were used to establish a probability distribution for effective prices paid to growers.  The Agricultural Risk Management Simulator (ARMS)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13447

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FARM FORESTRY AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING SOIL SALINISATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cacho,   Oscar J.; Fulloon,   Lachlan; Greiner,   Romy.
Dryland salinity emergence is an important land degradation problem in Australia. Large areas of agricultural land where conventional crops and pastures are produced are at risk. The salinisation problem can be controlled by planting trees in conjunction with crops, but a disadvantage of growing trees as a farm enterprise is the long lag between planting and harvest. When farm forestry enterprises are evaluated with conventional discounting techniques they do not generally rank as an attractive alternative to annual crops on productive land. In this paper, a dynamic model that explicitly accounts for decline or improvement in land quality over a period of 40 years is presented. The model is solved for a hypothetical farm on the Liverpool Plains of NSW. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Soil salinity; Farm forestry; Dynamic modelling; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12895

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GENETIC INFORMATION: LEPTIN GENOTYPING IN FED CATTLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bullinger,   Jared R.; DeVuyst,   Eric A.; Bauer,   Marc L.; Berg,   Paul T.; Larson,   Daniel M.
The use of genetic knowledge is widespread in crop production but is just recently being utilized in livestock production. This study investigates the economic value to feedlots of a polymorphism in the bovine leptin gene. Previous studies indicate that this polymorphism is associated with fat deposition. Since fed cattle are often priced on a grid that considers both yield and quality grades, fat deposition is an important factor in the value and profitability of fed cattle. Using data from 590 crossbred steers and heifers, we estimate growth curves for relevant biological traits, both with and without genotypic information. Using the resulting functions, we then simulate carcass traits to various days-on-feed and compute the associated profit under three...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetics; Leptin genotype; Beef cattle; Value of information; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23599

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF IMPORT DEMAND FOR CANOLA OIL IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lordkipanidze,   Nazibrola; Epperson,   James E.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.
The study analyzes the impacts of economic and noneconomic factors on import demand for canola oil.  The import demand pattern for canola oil in the United States is influenced by changes in the world's oilseeds  market and government oilseeds programs and policies,  including tariffs and subsidies.  The U.S. import demand for canola oil was specified as a function of its own import price, prices of substitute edible vegetable oils (soybean oil and palm oil), disposable personal income, the Canadian-U.S.   (Missing one table)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canola oil; Demand; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16661

An Economic Analysis of Intermediate-Sized Sunflower Processing Plants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schaffner,   LeRoy W.; Helgeson,   Delmer L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23219

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL FEED AND MALTING BARLEY MARKETS: AN ECONOMETRIC SPATIAL OLIGOPOLISTIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Troy G.; Koo,   Won W.
A "hybrid" spatial price equilibrium model is developed to evaluate changes in production, consumption, and trade of feed and malting barley under alternative domestic and agricultural trade policy regimes. The analysis includes the economic welfare impacts of changes in various farm subsidy programs on the United States, Canada, Australia, and European Union (EU-15) which are the four major barley exporting countries in the world. The actions of competitive U.S. grain traders under the Export Enhancement Program cause feed barley exports to be segmented into two distinct markets. A spatial equilibrium is established in which the Canadian Wheat Board and Australian marketing boards behave as oligopolists in export markets under arbitrage conditions induced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malting; Feed; Farm Subsidy; Trade Policy; Export Market; Welfare; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23286

An Economic Analysis of Mountain Pine Beetle Impact in a Global Context
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The economic effects of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia are simulated using a multi-region spatial price equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic dynamic updating procedure. The simulation captures expected changes in the B.C. timber supply, growth of plantation forests in the southern hemisphere and an escalating Russian log export tax. The results indicate lumber and log prices will rise in B.C., offsetting some of the economic loss to timber producers. However, on net producers in the B.C. forest industry will experience a decrease in economic surplus.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mountain pine beetle; Spatial price equilibrium; Trade modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C67; F14; F17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37051

An Economic Analysis of Pasture Management Alternatives for Southwestern North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Qualey,   Neil J.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
This report represents a continuation of investigation of factors influencing the profitability of livestock production in North Dakota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23342

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCING CARROTS IN THE RED RIVER VALLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
This report evaluates the U.S. carrot market using a quadratic programming algorithm. North Dakota ships carrots locally and to Minnesota under both the base and 1,000 acre scenarios.  North Dakota starts to ship carrots to Illinois as it produces more under other alternative scenarios.  This clearly indicates that North Dakota has a comparative advantage in producing carrots over other neighboring states.  North Dakota could produce about 8,000 acres of carrots and market them to North Dakota, Minnesota, and Illinois.  Additional production of carrots in North Dakota may not affect the national average price of carrots, but local prices may be affected due to regional competition.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carrots; Quadratic programming; North Dakota; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23123

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN ALBERTA DAIRY PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jeffrey,   Scott R.; Grant,   Heather-Ann R.
The World Trade Organization is currently formulating an agenda for a new round of global trade negotiations.  Therefore, the likelihood of increased competition within Canada's supply managed dairy industry is probable.  Consequently, there is agreater need for producers to be concerned with efficiency and with their competitiveness in the international marketplace.  This study assessed the cost efficiency and competitiveness of Alberta dairy producers by estimating the economic costs associated with milk production, and deriving the physical and economic efficiency of producers.  Results support the presence of economies of size and economies of yield within Alberta milk production.  A link between increased herd size, labour productivity, and lower...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24064

An Economic Analysis of Selected Branch Lines in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mittleider,   John F.; Vreugdenhil,   Harvey G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23327

An Economic Analysis of Soil Erosion Control and Low-Input Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diebel,   Penelope L.; Taylor,   Daniel B.; Batie,   Sandra S.; Heatwole,   Conrad D.
The Chesapeake Bay is a major water resource whose quality has been threatened by soil erosion and agrichemical contamination. The control of agricultural pollution of the Bay is one of the focal points of the 1987 Chesapeake Bay agreement formed by four states in the Bay's watershed (Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia). Among the suggested solutions is the promotion of low-input agricultural practices. However, some low-input practices also include frequent cultivations of the soil for non-chemical weed control practices, which may induce erosion. This analysis uses a case study approach to determine agricultural practice selection and potential erosion under different soil erosion constraints. A multi-period mathematical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118171

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STABILIZING SCHEMES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Subotnik,   Abraham; Houck,   James P.
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the welfare implications of stabilizing consumption and production and to compare it with the already-known welfare implications of stabilizing prices. Two sets of assumptions regarding supply behavior will be considered: (1) supply reacts instantaneously to a change in market prices, (2) producers react to changes in expected prices and expectations are "rational" within the context developed by J.F. Muth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13643

An Economic Analysis of the Abonera Maize Production System in the Atlantic Coast of Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sain,   Gustavo; Buckles,   Daniel.
This paper compares the economics of the abonera maize production system, in which maize is grown in rotation with a green manure crop (velvetbean, Mucuna deeringiana), with traditional bush-fallow cultivation of maize in the Atlantic Coast area of Honduras. A probabilistic cost-benefit analysis of introducing velvetbean into the existing maize cropping pattern is carried out for the field, farm, and regional level. The probabilistic approach allows for a more comprehensive assessment of economic profitability, one which recognizes that farmers are interested in reducing production risk as well as obtaining increases in average net benefits. The analysis reveals that the abonera system provides significant returns to land and family labor over the six-year...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7676

An Economic Analysis of the Apple Creek Irrigation Unit
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hvinden,   Steven C.; Scott,   Donald F.; Johnson,   Roger G.
This report provides information concerning the expected agricultural benefits resulting from the proposed Apple Creek Irrigation Project in Burleigh County, North Dakota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23436

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF LUMBER FUTURES PRICE MOVEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rucker,   Randal R.; Thurman,   Walter N.; Yoder,   Jonathan K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Lumber markets; Future prices; Marketing; D4.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29247

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSTITUTES WITH SOME ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE BEEF INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spriggs,   John.
There are three main parts to this paper. The first concerns the adaptation of conventional demand and supply theory to explain why and when the development of substitutes occurs. The second part is a discussion of four examples of substitutes that appear to have completed their developmental process. This is to see how the theory fares in practice. In the third part, implications of the theory are drawn for the beef industry which recently had its first serious encounter with substitutes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13328

An Economic Analysis of the IFMPO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Jeffery R.; Diebel,   Penelope L.
The Integrated Farm Management Program Option (IFMPO) of the 1990 farm bill is designed to increase crop management flexibility and promote the use of resource-conserving crops. Economic analysis of this program indicates that, although the current format provides flexibility, it provides little economic incentive to adopt resource-conserving crop rotations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118172

An Economic Analysis of the Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Asian Dairy Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peng,   Tingjun; Cox,   Thomas L.
The objective of this paper is to develop an economic analysis of the impacts of further trade liberalization on Asian dairy markets. In order to achieve this, we first make a review of Asian dairy policies from the perspective of domestic support, market access and export subsidy. Then a world dairy model is employed, which reflects both vertical and spatial characteristics of the world dairy sector. We analyze the separate and combined impacts of eliminating Japan's domestic dairy subsidy, removing other Asian countries dairy trade policies excluding Japan, eliminating all Asian countries domestic dairy and trade policies, and multilateral dairy trade liberalization around the world. We find that Japan and Korea's producers will suffer much bigger losses...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12630

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAISSADE, HAITI, INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Thomas A.; Quinn,   Robert M.
An economic analysis was conducted of the Maissade Integrated Watershed Management Project in Haiti.  This project, implemented by the Save the Children Federation, differs from conventional watershed management projects by investing heavily in the development of peasant organizations in order to gain voluntary and sustained adoption of soil conservation, forestry and community development innovations.  Conventional projects have relied on monetary and commodity incentives in order to encourage technique adoption, and are widely viewed to have failed to achieve sustained watershed management. The goal of the economic analysis was to determine if a project representative of the new, participatory approach was economically efficient from donor and peasant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11878

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA CATTLE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Duncan,   Marvin R.; Taylor,   Richard D.; Aakre,   Dwight G.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
The analysis was conducted to evaluate the impacts of both the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (FAIR) and the cattle cycle on the livestock enterprises.  The North Dakota Representative Farm and Ranch Model, which uses the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute price projections as an input, was developed and used for this analysis.  Net farm income and farm debt-to-asset ratios for the average and large beef cattle farms were analyzed. The U.S. cattle industry has been characterized by cyclical variations in production and prices.  It appears that the current cattle cycle is in the final stages of expansion.  Cattle numbers continued to increase during 1995, but at a slow rate. Industry estimates are that the bottom of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Representative farms; Cattle cycle; Production Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23339

AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE RETURN TO CANADIAN SWINE RESEARCH - 1974-1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Greg; Fox,   Glenn; Brinkman,   George L.; Oxley,   Jamie; Gill,   Ravinderpal; Junkins,   Bruce.
This paper reports a new set of estimates of the returns to swine research in Canada.  These estimates were obtained using Agriculture and Agrifood Canada's Canadian Regional Agricultural Model (CRAM).   Positive Mathematical Programming was incorporated into the model for use in this study.  The CRAM allows the effects of supply shifts from technological change in the hog industry to interact with product and factor market conditions in the rest of Canadian agriculture.  Previous estimates of the returns to Canadian swine research were obtained with a partial equilibrium model that did not allow for intra-sectoral resource use adjustments.   Extensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the return estimates under variations in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34113

An Economic and Environmental Evaluation of Farm Bill Policy Options Using the CEEPES-FAPRI Modeling System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakshminarayan,   P.G.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18489

An Economic Assessment of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and the United States Cattle and Beef Industries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: VanSickle,   John J.; Hodges,   Alan W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15646

An Economic Assessment of Space Solar Power as a Source of Electricity for Space-Based Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Davis,   James F.
We develop a conceptual model of the economic value of space solar power (SSP) as a source of power to in-space activities, such as spacecraft and space stations. We offer several estimates of the value based on interviews and published data, discuss technological innovations that may compete with or be complementary to SSP, and consider alternative institutional arrangements for government and the private sector to provide SSP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Government policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; O33; O32; L98.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10794

An Economic Assessment of the BSE Crisis in Canada:  Impacts of Border Closure and BSE Recovery Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weerahewa,   Jeevika; Meilke,   Karl D.; Le Roy,   Danny G.
Using a static, multi-market, partial equilibrium model this paper assesses the economic consequences three alternative government responses to the BSE crisis in Canada:  1) expansion in slaughter capacity, 2) partial destruction of the cattle herd, and 3) deficiency payments.  Each of these policies is evaluated under four different border situations 1) free trade in young beef only, the 2004 baseline situation; 2) autarky; 3) free trade in young beef and cattle; and 4) complete free trade.  The results of the policy analysis are quite sensitive to the border assumptions employed making it impossible to select a "“best"” policy without perfect foresight with respect to the timing and the degree of border opening.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24154

An Economic Assessment of the Impacts of the MOSE Barriers on Venice Port Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergano,   Lucia; Umgiesser,   Georg; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
Due to its hydro-geological features, the lagoon of Venice is especially vulnerable to climate change. In particular, it is strongly affected by gradual global warming that brings about the so-called ‘acqua alta’ (high water) phenomenon with greater frequency and intensity. In order to protect the city of Venice from the more and more frequent phenomenon of flooding, some protective measures have been adopted. Among them, the system of mobile barriers commonly known as MOSE: however, by separating the lagoon from the Adriatic Sea, it interferes with ship traffic and has negative impacts on port activities. Against this background, the aim of the present work is to provide an estimate of the direct costs of ship traffic interruption due to the functioning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; ‘Acqua Alta’; MOSE; Ship Traffic; Direct Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59474

AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF WETLAND MITIGATION IN NORTHWEST MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sip,   Robert L.; Leitch,   Jay A.; Meyer,   Aaron J.
The economic efficiency of wetland mitigation in Minnesota's Red River Valley was examined using the Minnesota Routine Assessment Method on ten wetland case studies to rate the functions of impacted and replacement wetlands.  Secondary sources were used to assign dollar values to wetland functions of impacted and replacement wetlands.  Mitigation costs for projects ranged from $279 to $4,171 per acre.  Estimated annual social values ranged from $207 to $1,027 per acre for impacted wetlands and from $268 to $927 per acre for replacement wetlands.  Social values of replacement wetlands exceeded the social value of impacted wetlands in seven cases. Values of replacement wetlands were 1.8 to 4 times greater than the values of impacted wetlands due to 2-to-1...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetland(s); Mitigation; Economics; Values; Minnesota; Red River; Wetland Conservation Act; Minnesota Routine Assessment Method; Restoration; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23477

An Economic Comparison of Composted Manure and Commercial Nitrogen with Imperfect Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berends,   Patrick T.; Diebel,   Penelope L.; Williams,   Jeffery R.; Schlegel,   Alan J.
The economic feasibility of fertilizing irrigated grain sorghum with compos ted manure is evaluated using net return budgeting and production function analysis. Although the use of compost is technically feasible, the economic analysis indicates that compost does not comprise a large percentage of the nitrogen source in the profit-maximizing combination with commercial fertilizer.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Composted manure; Commercial nitrogen; Net returns budgeting; Production function analysis; Irrigated grain sorghum; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118168

An Economic Evaluation of California Avocado Industry Marketing Programs, 1961-1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carman,   Hoy F.; Craft,   R. Kim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11925

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LOW INVESTMENT SWINE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weldon,   Richard N.; Eidman,   Vernon R.; Jacobson,   Larry D.
This publication summarizes an evaluation of smaller and lower investment swine production systems. The systems analyzed range from pasture operations with production during the warmer months to rather intense year-round use of remodeled buildings. In each case the system emphasizes use of facilities that can be constructed and remodeled by the farm operator. The report includes one section for each type of hog production: feeder pig production, farrow-to-finish operations and hog finishing.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13972

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF SIX DAIRY HERD EXPANSION ALTERNATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Groble,   Anthony.
This study investigates the economic implications of various problems encountered in a dairy farm expansion. Six expansion alternatives for a typical Minnesota dairy farm doubling its herd size from 40 to 80 cows are economically simulated and compared
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13969

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE NEW AGRICULTURAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS: A NONLINEAR IMPERFECTLY COMPETITIVE SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maeda,   Koushi; Suzuki,   Xohuhiro; Kaiser,   Harry M.
The objective of the research reported here is to develop a more flexible and comprehensive policy simulation model for imperfectly competitive international agricultural trade with various trade and domestic support policies. The model is a nonlinear imperfectly competitive spatial equilibrium model formulated as a MCP. The model is flexible in that it can simulate the economic effects of the following trade policies: specific duties, ad valorem tariffs, tariff-rate quotas, export subsidies, production subsidies, production quotas, consumption taxes and price floor, combined with various imperfectly competitive market structures. The usefulness of the model is demonstrated with an application to international wheat trade simulated under several...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7231

An Economic Evaluation of Woodland Caribou Conservation Programs in Northwestern Saskatchewan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tanguay,   Mark; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Boxall,   Peter C.
The purpose of this study was to identify the values Saskatchewan residents place on their Woodland Caribou conservation programs. Using contingent valuation methods, individual values for maintaining caribou numbers within Millar Western-NorSask Forest Management Licence agreement area were estimated. Using these value estimates, societal benefits were estimated for the implementation of a woodland caribou maintenance program within the forest licence agreement area. The data used in this study were collected using a mailout survey to Saskatchewan residents. Two contingent valuation formats were used, the opened ended willingness to pay and the dichotomous choice. A number of question structures were employed in order to judge the sensitivity of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24039

An Economic Evaluation of Yield and Quality Differences Among Selected Hard Red Spring Wheat Varieties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mittleider,   John F.; Anderson,   Donald E.
This study provides producer knowledge of price differentials based on quality and yield characteristics for numerous varieties of hard red spring wheat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23118

An Economic Framework for Forecasting Land-Use and Ecosystem Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   David J.
This paper develops a joint econometric-simulation framework to forecast detailed empirical distributions of the spatial pattern of land-use and ecosystem change. In-sample and out-of-sample forecasting tests are used to examine the performance of the parcel-scale econometric and simulation models, and the importance of multiple forecasting challenges is assessed. The econometric-simulation method is integrated with an ecological model to generate forecasts of the probability of localized extinctions of an amphibian species. The paper demonstrates the potential of integrating economic and ecological models to generate ecological forecasts in the presence of alternative market conditions and land-use policy constraints.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92218

AN ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS OF THE CO-OPERATIVE SECTOR IN SASKATCHEWAN: UPDATE 1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herman,   Roger; Fulton,   Murray E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31786

An Economic Impact Assessment of Bovine Tuberculosis in South West England
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheppard,   Andrew; Turner,   Martin M.
In England, over the last decade the rising incidence of bovine TB has resulted in recognised economic impacts on the agricultural and ancillary industries. Nowhere has the dramatic increase in bovine TB been more evident than in Southwest England, a region which is characterised by smaller, family-run farms often specialising in relatively extensive bovine livestock systems, whether dairying or beef production. The economic impacts result from the nature of the disease, the government's control measures (restrictions on movement of cattle on and off the farm, repeat testing and compulsory cleaning) and the impact of test 'failures' on the normal marketing of livestock and product.   Moreover, this worsening of the disease situation - and hence increasing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31748

An Economic Model for Bioprospecting Contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Onofri,   Laura.
This paper explores the use of a micro-economic model to analyse the provisions and parties of bioprospecting contracts. It focuses on the pharmaceutical industry as the representative biodiversity buyer, presenting an original theoretical framework that explains the main contract characteristics or stylised facts. Against this background, it considers the main contractors involved in these private contracts, i.e. biodiversity sellers and biodiversity buyers, analysing both the magnitude and distribution of the respective payoffs. Particular attention is devoted to the different, mixed impacts of bioprospecting contracts and patenting on social welfare. The positive welfare impacts delivered by bioprospecting contracts are associated with the potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioprospecting Contract; Genetic Resource; Biodiversity Buyer; Biodiversity Seller; Patenting; Welfare Analysis; Benefit Sharing; Productivity Analysis; D21; D23; D61; L14; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7450

AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF U.S. IMPORTS OF BUTTER AND MILK FAT PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bailey,   Kenneth W.; Wu,   Zhen.
This study developed a model to explain monthly imports of butter and butter substitutes. The U.S. imports butter and other high milk fat products that can substitute for a strict definition of butter. These products include dairy spreads, butter substitutes, anhydrous milk fat, and food preparations. The U.S. imports these high milk fat products under a tariff-rate quota system (TRQ) implemented by the World Trade Organization (WTO). This study quantified all the milk fat contained in U.S. butter and butter substitute imports. A conceptual model was developed to explain imports of these products under a TRQ system. And an econometric model was estimated to analyze the economic factors that drive over-quota imports. The model found that the wedge between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18846

An Economic Study of Small Pigholders in Vietnam: Some Insights Gained and the Scope for Further Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Some relevant background to this research project is provided by outlining selected features of Vietnam’s pig industry. Then the main findings (in the view of the author) from this ACIAR-funded research are presented. These results include (1) natural protection given to Vietnam’s pig producers from imports as a result of the nature of the preferences of Vietnamese consumers: (2) the importance of household labour, especially that provided by females, in the husbandry of pigs held by households; (3) the existence, or otherwise, of scale economies as a function of the number of pigs held by households, (4) the import dependence for pig food of Vietnam’s pig industry and the way in which it varies with the number of pigs kept by households; (5)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vietnam; Pigs; Household agriculture; Farm sizes; Agricultural policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Livestock Production/Industries; Q1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90630

AN ECONOMIC VALUATION OF RECREATIONAL SHELLFISHING ON CAPE COD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Damery,   David T.; Allen,   P. Geoffrey.
Estimated total value for recreational shellfishing on Cape Cod was $7.4 million in 2002, based on results of a survey of 233 shellfish permit holders, a figure that has roughly kept pace with inflation based on a similar study conducted in 1975.  The total value is made up of two components, the actual permit fees collected ($387,000) and an estimate of consumer surplus, which was based on willingness to accept compensation to give up a fishing permit and hence is unbounded by the survey respondents' income.  An estimate based on willingness-to-pay (WTP) gave a total value estimate of $1.0 million in 2002.  Additionally, participation in recreational shellfishing has fallen precipitously from 19,068 resident permits sold in 1975 to the 10,639 permits sold...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14529

AN ECOREGIONAL APPROACH TO BENEFIT TRANSFER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhat,   Gajanan; Bergstrom,   John C.; Bowker,   James Michael.
This study has examined the transferability of consumer's surplus estimates (fixed value transfer) and transferability of benefit functions from the Southern Appalachian Mountain ecoregion to a local site within the ecoregional level. Given data used in this study, it is found that transferability of benefit estimated are possible in 50% of the activities, whereas benefit functions can be transferred in all of the activities considered in this study.  The results are compared to previous studies. Different problems in testing benefit estimates transfer are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit Transfer; Ecoregion; Travel Cost Method; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16647

AN ECOREGIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON MALNUTRITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.; Brown,   Lynn R.; Qureshi,   Aamir; Garcia,   Marito.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16348

AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF UNTOLD VALUE: THE EVOLUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE COLLEGE OF CANADA 1953-1987
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crewe,   Jodi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31779

An Emerging Agricultural Problem in High-Performing Asian Economies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayami,   Yujiro.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48635

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF JOINT DECISIONS ON LABOR SUPPLY AND WELFARE PARTICIPATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kang,   Gi; Huffman,   Sonya Kostova; Jensen,   Helen H.
Economic and welfare program factors affect the well-being of low-income families and their labor supply decisions. This study uses data from the U.S. Survey of Income and Program Participation. A nested logit model is estimated to explain the joint decisions to participate in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the labor market for the population of families potentially eligible for TANF. The empirical findings indicate that higher wages increase labor and decrease welfare program participation; an increase in nonlabor income decreases both labor market and welfare participation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor supply; Low income; Welfare program; Welfare reform; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18360

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF MINNEAPOLIS-ST. PAUL SUBURBAN HOUSING STARTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorf,   Ronald J.; Hamilton,   Milo; Jensen,   Harald R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13522

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEMAND FOR WHOLESALE PORK PRIMALS: SEASONALITY AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.
A set of inverse wholesale pork primal demand models are estimated to determine the own-quantity flexibility, to ascertain seasonal price fluctuations, and to examine whether the flexibilities change in absolute magnitude over time.  Results indicate that the own-quantity flexibility varied within the year.  Also, it is determined that the own-quantity flexibility increased in magnitude (absolute value) over time for some of the primal cuts evaluated.  However, for Hams the price flexibility became positive after early 1998.  An increase in cold storage stocks of Hams may have led to the positive own-quantity flexibility and cold storage stocks may have been used to offset the potential Ham price decline of 1998.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26033

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF JOINT DECISIONS ON FOOD STAMP PROGRAM, TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES, AND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Sonya Kostova; Jensen,   Helen H.
This study examines the interaction between Food Stamp Program (FSP) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program participation, provides a model of joint decisions made by households on FSP, TANF, and labor force participation, and explains why households choose different alternatives. We use the first Survey of Program Dynamics (SPD) longitudinal data and the 1998 SPD experimental data files. The modeling component consists of estimating equations to predict the probability of particular choices made by households. The households choose the alternative that gives the highest utility. The results show that the program parameters do matter. Variations across states in payment standards, benefit reduction rates, and income disregards help to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor force participation; Food Stamp Program; FSP; TANF; Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18638

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LOUISIANA RURAL LAND MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kennedy,   Gary A.; Henning,   Steven A.; Vandeveer,   Lonnie R.; Dai,   Ming.
Structural changes in the farm production sector, continued pressure to reform existing agricultural policies, and an increasing demand for nonagricultural real estate emphasize  the need for rural land market research. Rural land, with a wide diversity of physical characteristics and use, continues to be a large portion of Louisiana's total land base. Of Louisiana's total 28,493,440 land acres, cropland and pastureland account for 7,811,413  acres or 27 percent (1992 Louisiana Census of Agriculture). If timberland is included (USDA, Forest Service, 1991), rural land accounts for 79 percent of Louisiana's total land acreage. The measurement of economic, locational, and topographic variables hypothesized to influence rural land values is expected to be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31682

An Empirical Assessment of Endogeneity Issues In Demand Analysis for Differentiated Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dhar,   Tirtha Pratim; Chavas,   Jean-Paul; Gould,   Brian W.
This article explores the issue of price and expenditure endogeneity in empirical demand analysis. The analysis focuses on the US carbonated soft drink market. We test the null hypothesis that price and expenditures are exogenous in the demand for carbonated soft drinks. Using an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) specification, we strongly reject exogeneity for both prices and expenditures. We find that accounting for price/expenditures endogeneity significantly impacts demand elasticity estimates. We also evaluate the implications of endogeneity issues for testing weak separability.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogeneity; Separability; Carbonated soft drinks; Almost Ideal Demand System; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25227

An Empirical Assessment of the Expected Impact of Some of the Options Considered for the Reform of the Internal Aspects of the Common Market Organization for Bananas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18857

An Empirical Estimation of the Probability of Agricultural Subsidies for Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaudhary,   Sudhir; Gautam,   Virender.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18328

An Empirical Evaluation of New Socialist Countryside Development in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guo,   Xiang-Yu; Yu,   Zhi-Gang; Schmit,   Todd M.; Henehan,   Brian M.; Li,   Dan.
China prioritized a New Socialist Countryside reform policy in 2005 to address the growing disparities in incomes and living standards between rural and urban populations. These policies are evaluated to provide a base line index of reform concerning farmer, agricultural, and rural economic development. Aggregate index scores are computed to rank provincial progress. Rankings indicate the progression of rural economic reform is moderate, at best, and mostly isolated to well-developed eastern provinces. Reform growth is also uneven across similarly, rural provinces indicating a need for continued attention in these poorer areas. More importantly, as reform efforts continue, the empirical framework established can be used to track relative performance over...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Factor Analysis; New Socialist Countryside; Policy Evaluation; International Development; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49002

An Empirical Examination of Real Options and the Timing of Land Conversions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Towe,   Charles A.; Nickerson,   Cynthia J.; Bockstael,   Nancy E.
Many studies have examined the effects of land use regulations on land prices and urban spatial form.  Increasingly, jurisdictions have adopted incentive based mechanisms, such as purchase of development rights (PDR) programs, to manage the pace and pattern of urban growth and the conversion of agricultural land.  PDR programs provide a third option to landowners in urbanizing areas:  in addition to deciding whether to develop or not, landowners can decide whether to preserve their land.  To our knowledge no studies have explored how the existence of an option to participate in a PDR program affects landowners' development decisions.  This research provides empirical evidence of a previously untested prediction of real options theory:  that additional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural preservation programs; Real options; Land conversion; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19125

AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVITY CHOICE, LABOR ALLOCATION, AND FOREST USE IN SOUTHERN MALAWI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fisher,   Monica G.; Shively,   Gerald E.; Buccola,   Steven T.
In this paper we explore forest use and activity choice among low-income households in Malawi.  Using data from three villages in southern Malawi we investigate factors related to forest use by jointly estimating four labor share equations for forest use, maize production, wage-work, and self-employment.  This approach allows us to examine factors influencing competing and synergistic livelihood strategies simultaneously undertaken by households living at the forest margin.  Results from constrained ML estimation indicate greater incentives to degrade forests where the returns to forest use are high.  Factors that reduce pressure on forests include availability of low-cost fuel substitutes, tree planting on the farm, favorable returns to wage-work and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28616

An Empirical Investigation of Live Hog Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.; Mintert,   James R.; Plain,   Ronald L.
An inverse live hog demand model was estimated to analyze claims that the live hog own quantity demand flexibility's magnitude has increased in recent years.  A second objective of this research was to estimate the impact changes in processing capacity utilization rates have on live hog prices.  Results indicate that in recent years live hog prices have become more responsive to changes in hog slaughter, slaughter weight, and cold storage stocks.  Additionally, changes in processing capacity utilization rates, at times, also have a relatively large impact on live hog prices.  Finally, when the large live hog price decline that occurred during the fall of 1998 is examined, model results indicate that the sharp increase in processor's capacity utilization...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26042

An Empirical Investigation of Reputation Loan Size Dynamics in Rural Credit Markets in Honduras
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundaram-Stukel,   Reka; Barham,   Bradford L.
This paper examines the role of two types of reputation - borrower credit history and productivity - in disequilibrium supply and demand models of loan size dynamics in formal and informal credit markets. Using panel data on Honduran households, full- and partial-information regime switching econometric models yield four principal findings: (1) credit contracts in the formal sector are largely collateral driven and not reputation driven; (2) the informal sector credit contracts are borrower reputation based; (3) the informal sector utilizes positive/negative credit histories in both markets to credibly reward/punish borrowers; and (4) technical efficiency has a positive impact in determining loan size in both sectors on the demand and supply side of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92196

An Empirical Investigation of Short and Long-run Agricultural Wage Formation in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdulai,   Awudu; Delgado,   Christopher L.
This paper investigates empirically the factors that influence real agricultural wage rates in Ghana, based on 1957 to 1991 data. The Johansen cointegration framework is used to examine long-run relationships among agricultural and urban wage rates, the domestic terms of trade between agriculture and nonagriculture, urban unemployment, capital stock in agriculture and the size of the rural population. An error correction model is then used to investigate short-run dynamic relationships among the variables. The results show that: (1) there is only one stable equilibrium relationship among agricultural wage rates and their determinants in the long-run; (2) a 1 percent change in the domestic terms of trade between agriculture and non-agriculture leads to a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Income; Ghana; Agriculture; Economic Aspects; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97382

An Equilibrium Approach to the Theory of Futures Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Cecchetti,   Stephen G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Future trading; Investments; Risk.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42847

An Equilibrium Model of Sorting in an Urban Housing Market: The Causes and Consequences of Residential Segregation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayer,   Patrick; McMillan,   Robert; Rueben,   Kim.
This paper presents a new equilibrium framework for analyzing economic and policy questions related to the sorting of households within a large metropolitan area. We estimate the model using restricted-access Census data that precisely characterize residential and employment locations for households the San Francisco Bay Area, yielding accurate measures of preferences for a wide variety of housing and neighborhood attributes across different types of household. We use these estimates to explore the causes and consequences of racial segregation in general equilibrium. Our results indicate that, given the preference structure of households in the Bay Area, the elimination of racial differences in income and wealth would significantly increase the residential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Segregation; Sorting; Housing markets; Locational equilibrium; Residential choice; Discrete choice; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; H0; J7; R0; R2.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28503

AN ERA OF CONFUSION: THE LAND GRANT RESEARCH AGENDA AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Oehmke,   James F.; Raper,   Kellie Curry.
The Land Grant College and University (LGCU) research system is in a state of confusion. Public research privatization, industry concentration, and balancing money and the Land Grant mission are issues LGCUs currently face. The ag-biotechnology revolution complicates these issues. This paper provides four mission related policy recommendations for the LGCU system. Keywords: Biotechnology, Land Grant Mission, Research
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Land Grant Mission; Research; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11559

AN ESSAY ON FARM INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levins,   Richard A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13559

AN EVALUATION OF AN ECONOMIC STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING WATER POLLUTION USING A PHOSPHORUS CONSISTENT TRANSPORTATION MODEL: A CASE OF BROILER LITTER MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adhikari,   Murali; Paudel,   Krishna P.; Martin,   Neil R., Jr.
We calculated the profitability of using broiler litter as a source of plant nutrient using a phosphorus consistent litter application rule.  We found that each ton of litter can be transferred cost effectively up to 164 miles from the production facilities.  The minimum cost phosphorus consistent transportation model developed to meet the nutrient needs of 29 counties in North Alabama revealed that not all the litter can be utilized in the region.  The total cost for nutrient supply increased when transportation of litter from heavily surplus counties were prioritized.  The effect of chemical fertilizer price change minimally affected the total litter use.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31657

An Evaluation of Milk Quota Exchange Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Cairns,   Alexander P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply management; Milk; Ontario; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102303

An Evaluation of North Dakota Grain Movements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffin,   Gene C.; Casavant,   Kenneth L.
Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute Report No.39
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23412

AN EVALUATION OF OPTIONS FOR MICRO-TARGETING ACQUISITION OF CROPPING RIGHTS TO REDUCE NONPOINT SOURCE WATER POLLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kozloff,   Keith.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13610

An Evaluation of Product Price Measures for Use in Federal Milk Order Pricing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leathers,   Howard D.; Hammond,   Jerome W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8454

An Evaluation of Soil Test Information in Agricultural Decision Making
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.; Stern,   Hal S.
The value of soil-test information in planning fertilizer application levels is determined by using agricultural field-plot data to estimate the posterior distribution of mean soil-nitrate concentrations at a give location.  Optimal decisions concerning fertilizer application levels are made with respect to this posterior distribution.  Average reductions in fertilizer application rates range from 15 to 41 percent, depending on the form of prior information that is available.  These reductions are achieved by increasing the variability of application rates over time. Disregarding the uncertainty that remains after the soil testing significantly overstates the expected benefits of soil testing.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bayesian methods; Fertilizer rates; Posterior distributions; Soil tests; Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18633

An Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Iowa's Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) Final Report
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wessman,   Cory; Betterley,   Connie; Jensen,   Helen H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18676

AN EVALUATION OF THE DISTRIBUTIONAL POWER OF PROGRESA'S CASH TRANSFER IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coady,   David P.
Using both national-sample and program-level census survey data, we evaluate the distributional power of Mexico's Programa Nacional de Educacion, Salud y Alimentacion (PROGRESA) transfers using the so-called distributional characteristic. These transfers are targeted both geographically at marginal localities and at poor households within these localities. Transfers are also conditioned on household members attending school and health clinics. We show that the program has a relatively high distributional power compared to a range of alternatives considered. Although geographic targeting has a relatively large effect on the distributional power of the program, the demographic structure of transfers is more important than household targeting. However, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16428

An Evaluation of The Impact of Globalization on the U.S. Dairy Industry: Threats, Opportunities and Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91364

AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PROGRESA CASH PAYMENTS ON PRIVATE INTERHOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS: FINAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teruel,   Graciela; Davis,   Benjamin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16012

AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PROGRESA ON PRE-SCHOOL CHILD HEIGHT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behrman,   Jere R.; Hoddinott,   John.
The nutrition of preschool children is of considerable interest not only because of concern over their immediate welfare, but also because their nutrition in this formative stage of life is widely perceived to have substantial persistent impact on their physical and mental development and on their health status as adults. Children’s physical and mental development shapes their later lives by affecting their schooling success and post-schooling productivity. Improving the nutritional status of currently malnourished preschoolers may, therefore, have important payoffs over the long term. Within rural Mexico, stunting, or short height relative to standards established for healthy populations, is the major form of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Low weight...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16387

An Evaluation of the Macarena Integral Consolidation Plan (PCIM)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mejia,   Daniel; Uribe,   Maria Jose; Ibanez,   Ana Maria.
This paper presents a description of the new strategy for the fight against drugs implemented in Colombia since the year 2007. The Strategic Leap Forward, as the Colombian government has called the program, or the Strategic Development Initiative, as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) calls it, is a step forward in the design of anti-drug policies that are more sustainable and effective in the mid-term. Currently, a pilot project is being implemented in the Macarena region, in the department of Meta (southeast of Bogotá), where coca crops and illicit activities were the norm just a few years ago. The Colombian State, partially financed by the United States governments and European countries, consolidates its presence in this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Macarena; Consolidation Plan; Colombia; Anti-drug policies; Land Economics/Use; H44; H56; I38; O18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107426

AN EVALUATION OF THE USDA FOOD SECURITY MEASURE WITH GENERALIZED LINEAR MIXED MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Opsomer,   Jean D.; Jensen,   Helen H.; Pan,   Suwen.
Over the last decade, new information has been developed and collected to measure the extent of food insecurity and hunger in the United States. Common measurement of the phenomenon of hunger and food insecurity has become possible through efforts of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) to develop a set of survey questions that can be used to obtain estimates of the prevalence and severity of food insecurity. This paper takes a closer look at the measurement of food insecurity and the effect of household variables on measured food insecurity. The effects of demographic and survey-specific variables on the food insecurity/hunger scale are evaluated using a generalized linear model with mixed effects. Data come from the 1995, 1997, and 1999 Food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food insecurity; Household hunger; Rasch model; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18507

An Evaluation of Working Land and Open Space Preservation Programs in Maryland: Are They Paying Too Much?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Gray,   Wayne; Geoghegan,   Jacqueline.
Farmland preservation programs compensate landowners who enroll for the value lost due to the the restrictions on development applied to their land. These restrictions in principle decrease the value of the land. Yet few studies have found strong statistical evidence that preserved parcels sell for lower prices than unpreserved parcels. We use both a hedonic and a propensity score method to find that preserved parcels sell for 11.4 to 19.8% less than identical unpreserved parcels in Maryland. While significant, a decrease of less than 20% in land value is surprisingly small. If impacts to land value are small, could programs pay landowners less to enroll and thus enroll more land?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6887

An Evolutionary Edge of Knowing Less (or: On the "Curse" of Global Information)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded; Behrens,   Doris A.
Consider a population of farmers who live around a lake. Each farmer engages in trade with his two adjacent neighbors. The trade is governed by a prisoner’s dilemma “rule of engagement.” A farmer’s payoff is the sum of the payoffs from the two prisoner’s dilemma games played with his two neighbors. When a farmer dies, his son takes over. The son decides whether to cooperate or defect by considering the actions taken and the payoffs received by the most prosperous members of the group comprising his own father and a set of his father’s neighbors. The size of this set, which can vary, is termed the “span of information.” It is shown that a larger span of information can be detrimental to the stable coexistence of cooperation and defection, and that in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Span of interaction; Span of information; Imitation; Social welfare; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D83; R12; O4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49924

AN EVOLUTIONARY TRADE NETWORK GAME WITH PREFERENTIAL PARTNER SELECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tesfatsion,   Leigh.
An evolutionary trade network game (TNG) is proposed for studying the interplay between evolutionary game dynamics and preferential partner selection in various market contexts with distributed adaptive agents. The modular form of the TNG facilitates experimentation with alternative specifications for trade partner matching, trading, expectation up dating, and trade strategy evolution. Experimental results obtained using a C++ implementation suggest that the conventional optimality properties used to evaluate agent matching mechanisms in static market contexts maybe inadequate measures of optimality from an evolutionary perspective.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18188

An Examination of New Food Product Development Processes: A Comparative Case Study of Two Hazelnut Candy Manufacturers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woods,   Timothy A.; Demiralay,   Aslihan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31979

An Examination of New Food Product Development Processes: A Comparative Case Study of Two Hazelnut Candy Manufacturers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woods,   Timothy A.; Demiralay,   Aslihan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Product development; Trends; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37868

AN EXAMINATION OF PROFIT INEFFICIENCY OF RICE FARMERS IN NORTHERN GHANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdulai,   Awudu; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper employs a stochastic frontier model to examine profit inefficiency of rice farmers in the Northern Region of Ghana using farm-level survey data. The efficiency index, based on a half-normal distribution of the stochastic error term is related to farm and household characteristics. The empirical results show that farmers' human capital represented by the level of schooling contributes positively to production efficiency, suggesting that investment in farmers' education improves their allocative performance. Access to credit and greater specialization in rice production, are found to be positively related to production efficiency. A farmer's participation in nonfarm employment and being older, however, reduce production efficiency.  Farmers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Ghana; Production efficiency; Profit frontier; Rice; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18271

An Examination of the Connecticut Dairy Inspection Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Gary V.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25169

An Examination of the Farm Level Demand for Pecans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wells,   Gary J.; Thompson,   C. Stassen; Miller,   Stephen E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116877

An Examination of the Market Structure of the U.S. Produce Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Epperson,   James E.
Recent literature, largely from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, indicates that substantial changes have occurred in the produce industry in recent years. With the rise of retail mass merchandisers and increased concentration in the retail food industry, the procurement power of these large firms reportedly has also increased. With direct buying and contracting, market intermediaries such as brokers and wholesalers allegedly are being bypassed. As a result, these market intermediaries ostensibly are also consolidating becoming fewer and larger with increased emphasis on servicing the food service industry. However, the findings of this study indicate that there is no convincing evidence that the market structure of the U.S....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50259

AN EXAMINATION OF THE ON-RANCH ECONOMICS OF RIPARIAN ZONE GRAZING MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miller,   Jamie; Boxall,   Peter C.; Unterschultz,   James R.
A simulation model of a ranch based in Southern Alberta was developed to evaluate the on-ranch economics of adopting different grazing management strategies to improve riparian health in rangeland.  Under low cost scenarios, there are positive economic incentives to adopt strategies to maintain riparian zones that are already in good range condition.  However, riparian zones in fair or poor range condition may require additional economic incentives to encourage ranches to adopt more costly management strategies.  The economic incentives to adopt costly management strategies are highly sensitive to the riparian zone area, shape and rates of decline/improvement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24120

An Examination of US Consumer Pet and Veterinary Expenditures, 1980-1999
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolf,   Christopher A.; Lloyd,   James W.; Black,   J. Roy.
The veterinary medical profession touches nearly everyone's life, either directly or indirectly.  An estimated 58.3% of US households own pets (AVMA, 2002), and most people consume livestock products in the form of meat, dairy products, wool, or leather.  The health and well being of all these animals depend heavily on relationships with veterinarians.  Veterinarians also contribute to public health through the FDA, CDC, USDA, and numerous other government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels.  Issues of primary concern include food safety, biosecurity, and the numerous emerging (and re-emerging) infectious diseases that are zoonotic in nature.  Finally, veterinarians have an additional impact through their research contributions.  Virtually...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7430

An Experimental Analysis of Compliance in Dynamic Emissions Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.
Two important design elements for emission trading programs are whether and to what extent firms are able to bank emissions permits, and how these programs are to be enforced. In this paper we present results from laboratory emissions markets designed to investigate enforcement and compliance when these markets allow permit banking.  Banking is motivated by a decrease in the aggregate permit supply in the middle of multi-period trading sessions. Consistent with theoretical insights, our experiments suggest that high permit violation penalties have little deterrence value in dynamic emissions markets, and that the main challenge of enforcing these programs is to motivate truthful self-reports of emissions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compliance; Enforcement; Emissions trading; Laboratory experiments; Permit markets; Permit banking; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; C91; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93966

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ALTERNATIVE INCENTIVE SCHEMES WITH HETEROGENEOUS AGENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Steven Y.; Roe,   Brian E.; Sporleder,   Thomas L.; Nazaryan,   Natalie.
Experimental economics is used to compare tournaments (T) and fixed performance contracts (F) when agents have heterogeneous costs. Results suggest that: (1) There is no difference in average pooled effort across contracts, (2) high ability agents exert higher effort than low ability agents under both types of contracts, (3) average pooled earnings are affected by contract type, (4) high ability agents benefit from T whereas low ability agents are harmed by T, and (5) the difference in average pay between high and low ability agents is larger under T.  Thus, T implement greater inequality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28318

AN EXPLANATION OF LAND REFORM CHOICES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
In all Central and East European countries (CEECs) land reform was a key part of the overall agrarian reforms. Various land reform procedures have been chosen and the selected procedures were not the most efficient ones in several cases. The efficiency and distributional impacts depend on the privatization and land reform process.  The paper therefore explains the choice of the land reform processes by analyzing their efficiency and distributional effects -- and how they differ between CEECs.  It starts with an overview of the post-1989 land reforms in CEECs. The second section discusses the most efficient reform processes and compares these with the effectively chosen processes, identifying in which cases governments clearly have not chosen efficient land...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31883

An Exploration of Market Pricing Efficiency During the Dairy Options Pilot Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buschena,   David E.; McNew,   Kevin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29159

An Exploratory Modeling of The Decision Process of New Product Selection by Supermarket Buyers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McLaughlin,   Edward W.; Rao,   Vithala R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115801

AN EX-POST ANALYSIS OF FLOOD CONTROL: BENEFIT COST ANALYSIS AND THE VALUE OF INFORMATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Jorge; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Easter,   K. William; Graham-Tomasi,   Theodore.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13289

AN EX-POST ANALYSIS OF THE FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT IN RUSHFORD, MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Jorge; Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13035

An Extension of the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Technique to Logit and Probit Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fairlie,   Robert W.
The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique is widely used to identify and quantify the separate contributions of group differences in measurable characteristics, such as education, experience, marital status, and geographical differences to racial and gender gaps in outcomes. The technique cannot be used directly, however, if the outcome is binary and the coefficients are from a logit or probit model. I describe a relatively simple method of performing a decomposition that uses estimates from a logit or probit model. Expanding on the original application of the technique in Fairlie (1999), I provide a more thorough discussion of how to apply the technique, an analysis of the sensitivity of the decomposition estimates to different parameters, and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Logit; Probit; Decomposition; Race; Gender; Discrimination; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C8; J7.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28425

AN HEDONIC ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECT OF FEDERALLY SUBSIDIZED HOUSING ON NEARBY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lyons,   Robert F.; Loveridge,   Scott.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Public Economics.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13377

An Historical Overview of Crop Acres in Western Canada: A Graphical and Statistical Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aitkin,   Darren; Unterschultz,   James R.; Jeffrey,   Scott R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24097

AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE FOCUSED ON MINNESOTA FARMLAND VALUES RELATIVE TO THE LAND'S ANNUAL GROSS INCOME WITH POLICY COMMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stevens,   Stanley C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14284

An information based sample-selection estimation model of agricultural workers' choice between piece-rate and hourly work
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golan,   Amos; Moretti,   Enrico; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
This paper presents a new generalized maximum entropy (GME) approach to estimation of sample-selection models with small data sets, such as are found in many empirical agricultural economic analysis. For small samples, the GME approach produces more stable estimates and has smaller mean square error measures than other well-known estimators such as ordinary least squares, Heckman's two-step method, full-information maximum likelihood, and Ahn and Powell's method. The technique is used to analyze whether hired agricultural workers will work in piece-rate or time-rate jobs and to compare female-male wage differentials for both types of jobs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural labor; Agricultural wages; Data analysis; Entropy; Monte carlo analysis; Piece rates; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47285

An Information Theoretic Approach to Ecological Estimation and Inference
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judge,   George G.; Miller,   Douglas J.; Cho,   Wendy K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25065

An Initial Assessment of Policies for Saving  a Rare Australian Glider: Experimental Results, Economics and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Reviews the ecological status of the mahogany glider and describes its distribution, habitat and abundance, life history and threats to it. Three serial surveys of Brisbane residents provide data on the knowledge of respondents about the mahogany glider. The results provide information about the attitudes of respondents to the mahogany glider, to its conservation and relevant public policies and about variations in these factors as the knowledge of participants of the mahogany glider alters. Similarly data is provided and analysed about the willingness to pay of respondents to conserve the mahogany glider. Population viability analysis is applied to estimate the required habitat area for a minimum viable population of the mahogany glider to ensure at least...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation policies; Contingent valuation; Knowledge; Mahogany glider Petaurus gracilis; Population viability analysis; Social cost-benefit analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51290

AN INITIAL INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR HERMETIC PURDUE IMPROVED CROP STORAGE (PICS) BAGS TO IMPROVE INCOMES FOR MAIZE PRODUCERS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jones,   Michael; Alexander,   Corinne E.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
Pests like the larger grain borer (P. truncatus) and the maize weevil (S. zeamis) cause significant storage losses for African maize producers.  The value of storage protection to a market-oriented farmer is a function of price seasonality, value loss prevention, and their opportunity costs of capital.  Evidence suggests that hermetic technologies like Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags can be effective against these key maize storage pests, but sustainable technology transfer requires that it be profitable for producers. This analysis references dry weight loss figures from key life science articles and builds on previous value loss research to provide a geographic model for potential storage technology adoption.  PICS bag profitability with one and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural pests; Technology adoption; Maize; Larger grain borer; Hermetic storage; Storage economics; Agribusiness; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q13; O33.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115554

AN INQUIRY INTO THE RELATIONSHIP OF WETLAND REGULATIONS AND PROPERTY VALUES IN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holtman,   Charles; Taff,   Steven J.; Meyer,   Aaron J.; Leitch,   Jay A.
Ownership in property can be thought of as ownership of the rights to the "incomes" associated with different uses of the property.  Each potential use has a separate economic value, which can be ranked if put into money terms.  The property's market value is usually held to be the highest income on that ranking. Wetland protection regulations might shift the ownership of some of these rights from private to public entities or restrict the exercise of some rights.  This can result in a reduction of the property's market value, if the regulation precludes access to the income from the highest ranking use.  A regulation can never increase the economic value of a property from the owner's perspective. Whether or not a reduction in property value is considered...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13816

AN INSIDER'S VIEW ON ESTABLISHING AN IMMOVABLE PROPERTY REGISTRATION SYSTEM IN ALBANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sherko,   Romeo.
As will become clear in this article, the author's position shifts from pessimist to optimist as this writing progresses. The first section presents some of the difficulties that Albania is experiencing with respect to the immovable property registration system (IPRS) project (pessimist's position). The next section offers some of the advantages to be found in the Albanian system (optimist's position). The last section considers several plans used to deal with the problems; these programs are both tactical and strategic and, in my opinion, require careful coordination to resolve the difficulties encountered.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land administration--Albania; Land titles--Registration and transfer--Albania; Land use--Information services--Albania; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12812

AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL COORDINATION VERSES VERTICAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE US BROILER INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aust,   Patricia.
This paper analyzes the situation, structure and performance of broiler production.  The inherent interdependence in broiler production is high transactions costs. Two types of transactions costs, asset specificity with uncertainty and high information costs, are identified and explored.  The performances of the alternative structures, vertical integration and vertical coordination, are outlined.  In broiler production, vertical coordination is preferred by both firms and growers because it minimizes transactions costs.  These conclusions are extended to other agricultural commodities, using pork and rice as examples.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11670

An Integrated Assessment of Climate Change, Air Pollution, and Energy Security Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bollen,   Johannes; Hers,   Sebastiaan; van der Zwaan,   Bob.
This article presents an integrated assessment of climate change, air pollution, and energy security policy. Basis of our analysis is the MERGE model, designed to study the interaction between the global economy, energy use, and the impacts of climate change. For our purposes we expanded MERGE with expressions that quantify damages incurred to regional economies as a result of air pollution and lack of energy security. One of the main findings of our cost-benefit analysis is that energy security policy alone does not decrease the use of oil: global oil consumption is only delayed by several decades and oil reserves are still practically depleted before the end of the 21st century. If, on the other hand, energy security policy is integrated with optimal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Air Pollution; Energy Security; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; H21; D58; C61; O33; Q40.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55332

AN INTEGRATED ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF VEGETABLE AND FISHPOND TECHNOLOGIES ON POVERTY IN RURAL BANGLADESH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   Kelly K.; Lewis,   David J.; Begum,   Suraiya.
This study examines the poverty reduction implications of the introduction of three different agricultural technologies by government and NGOs in three rural sites across Bangladesh. The first is new vegetable seeds developed by AVRDC introduced in Saturia to women owning small amounts of land by a local NGO, based on a training and credit dissemination approach. The second is polyculture fish technology developed by WorldFish Center and introduced by a government extension program based on private fishponds operated mostly by men in Mymensingh. The third is the same polyculture fish technology, but introduced through a local NGO in Jessore based on the arrangement of leased fishponds operated by groups of low income women, supported by training and credit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16073

An integrated simulation model to evaluate national policies for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hyytiainen,   Kari; Ahtiainen,   Heini; Heikkila,   Jaakko; Helin,   Janne; Huhtala,   Anni; Iho,   Antti; Koikkalainen,   Kauko; Miettinen,   Antti; Pouta,   Eija; Vesterinen,   Janne.
This study introduces a prototype model for evaluating policies to abate agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea from a Finnish national point of view. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. The aim of this study is to present the overall structure of the model and to demonstrate its potential using preliminary parameters. The model is made flexible for further improvements in all of its ecological and economic components. Results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Nutrient abatement; Monte Carlo simulation; Recreation; Valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49896

An Interactive Illustration of Farm Program Provisions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klose,   Steven L.; Schumann,   Keith D.; Knapek,   George M.; Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Anderson,   David P.
Explaining the details and the impacts of government program provisions to agricultural producers can be a challenge for extension educators. This paper introduces a visual interactive tool that demonstrates the calculations of government payments established in the 2002 farm bill. Additionally, the paper explains how the tool is created in Microsoft Excel and may be used in other areas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42705

AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FOODBORNE DISEASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steahr,   Thomas E.; McMullin,   Pamela.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116100

AN INTERTEMPORAL, MULTI-REGION GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION IN THE SOUTH MEDITERRANEAN NICs, TURKEY, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayar,   Ali; Diao,   Xinshen; Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
With the aid of an intertemporal, multi-region general equilibrium model, we study issues of agricultural trade liberalization, growth and capital accumulation in the context of a world economy moving towards a multi-polar structure. We specifically focus on Turkey, the European Union, the Middle East, and the Economies in Transition; and study alternative scenarios of formation of customs unions and increased trade orientation. The model is based on intertemporal general equilibrium theory with Ramsey-type dynamics. The world economy is fully endogenized within a 9-region specification, with Turkey, EU, Middle East and the Transition Economies constituting as one of the indigenous regions. A key feature of the model is its explicit recognition of both the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16276

AN INTRODUCTION TO ITERATIVE METHODS FOR SOLVING SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION MODELS: ILLUSTRATIONS FROM ECONOMICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Todd,   Richard; Roe,   Terry L.
This paper focuses on the application of computer-based, iterative methods for deriving analytical solutions to economic models expressed as systems of simultaneous linear and/or nonlinear equations. Practical suggestions for using four specific methods are emphasized. Analogies form economics are used to explain practical and theoretical points.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13915

AN INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS VIA GAUSSIAN QUADRATURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing.
Economists recognize that results from simulation models are dependent, sometimes highly dependent, on values employed for critical exogenous variables.   To account for this, analysts sometimes conduct sensitivity analysis with respect to key exogenous variables.   This paper presents a practical approach for conducting systematic sensitivity analysis, called Gaussian quadrature.   The approach views key exogenous variables as random variables with associated distributions. It produces estimates of means and standard deviations of model results while requiring a limited number of solves of the model. Under mild conditions, all of which hold with respect to the GTAP model, there is strong reason to believe that the estimates of means and standard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28709

AN INTRODUCTION TO VIRGINIA ISSUES: INFORMATION AND ANALYSIS: SPECIAL REPORT FOR VIRGINIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pease,   James W.; Purcell,   Wayne D.; McDowell,   George R.; Gibson,   Pamela; Mundy,   Karen.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14809

An Investigation of Equivalent Scales in Demand Using the 191 Latvian Household Budget Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hossain,   Ferdaus; Jensen,   Helen H.
The 1991 Latvia household budget survey provided data for establishing basic information about food consumption levels and patterns in Latvia during the first year of major economic reforms.  This study evaluates one aspect of economic decision making of households: how income is allocated for consumption of various broad categories of food items. The analysis uses the 1991 data to examine the importance of income and household composition on food expenditures.  Estimated income elasticities for various food commodities suggest the magnitude of changes in real household income that have occurred in Latvia.  With relativity low income elasticities (estimated from the 1991 data), declines in household income would not be met by significant reductions in food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18363

An Investigation of Production Risk, Risk Preferences and Technical Efficiency: Evidence From Rainfed Lowland Rice Farms in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Villano,   Renato A.; O'Donnell,   Christopher J.; Battese,   George E.
Risk plays a vital role in farmers' decisions on input allocations and, therefore, output supply.  This paper provides empirical evidence on the estimation of production risk, risk preferences and technical inefficiency.  An eight-year panel data set is used for 46 rice farmers from a representative rainfed lowland environment in Central Luzon, Philippines.  The heteroskedastic and stochastic frontier frameworks are reconciled and extended to accommodate the risk preferences of farmers in an analysis of production risk.  Results show that technical inefficiency is overstated in risky production environments where farmers are risk-averse.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production risk; Risk preferences; Technical efficiency; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12953

An investigation of the relationship between depth to groundwater and malaria prevalence, Punjab, Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Donnelly,   M.J.; Birley,   M.H.; Konradsen,   Flemming.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Groundwater; Malaria; Waterborne diseases; Land use; Public health; Farmers; Institutions; Infrastructure; Maps; Statistics; Rice; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113607

An Investigation of the Role of Exchange Rates on U.S. Exports of Selected Agricultural Products: 1968-1983
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Childs,   Nathan W.; Hammig,   Michael D.
An· econometric partial equilibrium trade model of the U.S. corn, wheat, soybean, cotton, and tobacco market is developed for the yearly periods 1968-1983. The effect of real exchange rates, real price, and demand factors on the exports of each commodity is examined to test the hypothesis that monetary factors can affect the agricultural sector. An examination of the elasticities of real price, real exchange rate, and real income indicate that an extremely inelastic response to both price movements and exchange rate adjustments. Foreign buying power is the strongest explanatory variable. An exchange rate linkage with the agricultural sector is not proven.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117656

An Investigation of Voluntary Discovery and Disclosure of Environmental Violations Using Laboratory Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper uses laboratory experiments to test individual responses to policies that seek to encourage firms to voluntarily discover and disclose violations of environmental standards. We find that while it is possible to motivate a significant number of voluntary disclosures without adversely affecting environmental quality, this result is sensitive to both the fine for disclosed violations and the assumption that firms know their compliance status without cost.  When firms have to expend resources to determine their compliance status, motivating a significant number of violation disclosures yields worse environmental quality. Finally, relative to conventional enforcement, disclosure polices will result in more violations being sanctioned, but fewer of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14519

An Investigative Study of the Abuse of Girls in African Schools
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leach,   Fiona; Fiscian,   Vivian; Kadzamira,   Esme; Lemani,   Eve; Machakanja,   Pamela.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12849

An Open Economy Model of Political Influence and Competition Among Rent Seeking Groups
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Yeldan,   A. Erinc.
The paper develops a formal model of government's economic decisions as influenced by private agents within the context of neoclassical political economy. The government is assumed to form preferences over interest groups in the economy; in turn these preferences are influenced by the rent seeking behavior of these groups. An open, two-household, two-sector general equilibrium model is constructed to depict an environment in which preference-maximizing (rational) individuals allocate otherwise productive labor to directly unproductive rent seeking activities in order to exert political pressure on the government's choice of policy instruments. With the aid of five comparative-static experiments, the game-theoretic component and the second-best nature of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7499

An Open Source Based Data Warehouse Architecture to Support Decision Making in the Tourism Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mola,   Francesco; Miele,   Raffaele.
In this paper an alternative Tourism oriented Data Warehousing architecture is proposed which makes use of the most recent free and open source technologies like Java, Postgresql and XML. Such architecture's aim will be to support the decision making process and giving an integrated view of the whole Tourism reality in an established context (local, regional, national, etc.) without requesting big investments for getting the necessary software.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12146

An Open-Access Fishery with Rational Expectations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
How potential entrants to an open-access fishery form their expectations determines the fishery’s adjustment path to a steady state but not the steady state values themselves. It is well known that, in the standard model with myopic expectations (those based on current values), boats enter the fishery only when the fish stock is greater than its steady state stock. We show that, with rational expectations (perfect foresight), however, boats may enter when the fish stock is much lower than its steady state value if the boat fleet is sufficiently small. This paper contrasts myopic and rational expectations within a general dynamic model of an open-access fishery.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic aspects; Expectations; Fisheries.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42856

An Operational Approach for Evaluating Investment Risk: An Application to the No-Till Transition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Upadhyay,   Bharat Mani; Young,   Douglas L.
Roy's safety-first rule is used to provide measures popular with farmers of short and long term business risk associated with various no-till transition strategies over an investment horizon. The short run rule provided more sensitivity to inter-year financial risk than other commonly used criteria. Results revealed that speed of adoption influenced the probability of successful transition more than did the sequence of drill acquisition methods. Higher equity and larger farms had a greater chance of transition success. Slow acreage expansion with a custom or rental drill reduces risk until a no-till yield penalty is eliminated.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Investment risk; Monte Carlo simulation; No-till; Rent-purchase; Risk; Safety-first; Technology adoption; Transition strategy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12958

AN OPERATIONAL MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: SOME THOUGHTS ON GETTING THE INCENTIVES FOR PUBLIC POLICY RIGHT; Proceedings of the  Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward; Archibald,   Sandra O.
As background for addressing agricultural policy and sustainable development issues, we address in this paper some general issues we believe it important to consider in developing a broad and consistent conceptual framework for the analysis of sustainability. The objective of this paper is to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework for bringing sustainability issues into practical public policy formulation.  A "people first" view is proposed: one that assumes that the ultimate purpose of natural resources and the economic system is first the well-being of mankind.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14447

AN OPERATIONAL TOOL FOR EVALUATING POVERTY OUTREACH OF DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND PROJECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Manfred; Sharma,   Manohar P.; Henry,   Carla; Lapenu,   Cecile.
Development institutions and projects frequently seek to target poorer segments of the population. Yet, existing methods for evaluating their outreach are generally unsuited to most operational settings, since they are either too costly and cumbersome (e.g., detailed income or household surveys), or they produce results that are not comparable between villages or regions within a country (e.g., participatory poverty appraisals). This paper presents a new and operationally suitable method to measure the poverty of clients of development projects in relation to the general population of nonclients. The method was developed in response to demands by donors and development practitioners for a low-cost evaluation instrument that could be used as a regular...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16443

An Optimal Size for Rural Tourism Villages with Agglomeration and Club-Good Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tchetchik,   Anat; Fleischer,   Aliza; Finkelshtain,   Israel.
Helping to sustain a viable rural sector, rural tourism enjoys public support in many countries. We claim that due to club-good and agglomeration externalities in the rural accommodation market, public support should be integrated in a broader local development policy that regulates the number of accommodation units in a locality. To demonstrate this we extended an equilibrium model that accounts for product differentiation and oligopolistic competition to address club-good and agglomeration effects and applied it to data collected in north Israel. We show that under the prevailing regulation, the number of units is by far higher than the social optimum.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93135

AN OPTION PERSPECTIVE ON GENERATING AND MAINTAINING PLANT VARIETY RIGHTS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Bonwoo; Pardey,   Philip G.; Qian,   Keming; Zhang,   Yi.
Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years, in part to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for a host of reasons. In this paper we empirically examine the pattern of plant variety protection applications in China since its PVP laws were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the context of China's present and likely future seed markets to identify the economic incentives and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intellectual property rights; Crop improvement; Option value; Seed markets; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13779

An Ordered Tobit Model of Market Participation: Evidence from Kenya and Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bellemare,   Marc F.; Barrett,   Christopher B.
Do rural households in developing countries make market participation and volume decisions simultaneously or sequentially? This article develops a two-stage econometric model that allows testing between these two competing hypotheses regarding household-level market behavior. The first stage models the household's choice of whether to be a net buyer, autarkic, or a net seller in the market. The second stage models the quantity bought (sold) for net buyers (sellers) based on observable household characteristics. Using household data from Kenya and Ethiopia on livestock markets, we find evidence in favor of sequential decision-making, the welfare implications of which we discuss.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14748

An Ordinal Regression Model using Dealer Satisfaction Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staus,   Alexander.
This article analyses dealer satisfaction data in the agricultural technology market in Germany. The dealers could rate their suppliers in the ’overall satisfaction’ and in 38 questions which can be summarized in 8 dimensions. An ordinal regression model which is also known as the proportional odds model is used to analyse the ordinal scaled rating of the dealers. The ordinal regression model is a well examined method in econometric theory, but many authors prefer using a linear regression model due to better interpretation, even the assumptions of a linear regression do not fit the data. Since the estimated coefficients of an ordinal regression model can not be properly interpreted we show other methods for a better insight of the relationship of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Keywords: ordinal regression; Dealer satisfaction; Interpretation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; C25; C51; Q13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98632

AN OSTRICH OR A LEOPARD - COMMUNICATION RESPONSE STRATEGIES TO POST-EXPOSURE ON NEGATIVE INFORMATION ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS IN FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heiman,   Amir; Lowengart,   Oded.
The effect of negative information on consumer product evaluations has been studied heavily in the context purchase intentions and other preference-related measures. In this study, we examine the context (negative health hazard information on meat commodities), direction (positive and negative), and intensity (low and high) of information on consumer choice processes. We draw from the literature on Bayesian updating, choice processes and heuristics, as well as cognitive and information processing to propose a set of hypotheses and empirically test them using survey data. Our results indicate that under low intensity, information consumers tend to employ a non-compensatory type choice process with the health aspects of the product being nonsalient. In the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Negative information; Choice process; Health hazards; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7172

An Outcome-Oriented Theory of Choice and Empirical Paradoxes in Expected Utility Theory
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaneko,   Fumihiro.
I analyze observed choice between lotteries from an outcome-oriented point of view in the framework of choice between random variables.  I characterize a choice maker, who faces a choice situation between lotteries, by (1) a surmising process that associates, with a pair of lotteries, a set of well-defined choice situations between random variables, and (2) a choice set that is a collection of well-defined choice situations.  I give a partial axiomatic foundation of the theory.  The theory is applied to explain the well-known paradoxes in expected utility theory.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Expected utility theory; SSA representation; SSB representation; Prospect theory; Choice under uncertainty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28418

An Overview and Assessment of The Economics of Leisure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This is a draft of the introductory chapter for The Economics of Leisure which is being published by Edward Elgar Publishing Pty Ltd, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, Massachusetts, by whom all rights are reserved. It will appear in The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics series, in two volumes. The draft Table of Contents for these volumes are set out in the Appendix to this paper. Feedback is welcome
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Leisure; Recreation; Work-leisure choices; Neoclassical economics; Welfare; Taxation; Public Economics; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90540

An Overview of Agriculture in the Rural Municipalities of the Lower Souris River Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harper,   Dana; Unterschultz,   James R.; Jeffrey,   Scott R.
A statistical overview of agriculture in the region encompassed by the Lower Souris River Watershed committee was undertaken. The region in the south east corner of the province of Saskatchewan has about 8%of the total number of farms in Saskatchewan, and this has remained relatively consistent since the early 1980s. The actual number of has decreased and Statistics Canada reports that the total number of farms in crop district 1A and 1B in the 2006 census is 1,823 and 1,743, respectively. The area of farms in crop district 1 is currently about 7% of the total area of farms in Saskatchewan. Statistics Canada reports that the total area of farms in crop district 1A and 1B in the 2006 census is 2,687,728 and 2,312,446, respectively. The report also provides...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acreage; Agricultural Land; Cropland; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Q150.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91409

An Overview of Climate Change: What does it mean for our way of life? What is the best future we can hope for?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Neva R.
This paper starts with the question of whether climate change will require a significant reduction of consumption among the richer people in the world, and ends with the most optimistic picture the author can conjure up, of the world in the year 2075. That hopeful picture is of a world in which inequalities – among and within nations – have been substantially reduced. The challenges and adjustments confronting humanity in the coming decades provide an opportunity that could be used to mitigate climate change in ways that can improve the circumstances of the poor. Ecological reasons to reduce throughput of energy and materials in economic systems urge the abandonment of high-consumption life-styles. The 21st century will be an era of many losses, but it is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37711

AN OVERVIEW OF CUBAN AGRICULTURE AND PROSPECTS FOR FUTURE TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
For many years, the United States has blocked trade with Cuba, but the situation has recently changed.  The Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000 loosened U.S. sanctions on agricultural exports to Cuba, allowing Cuba to buy from the United States using cash but not credit.  The objectives of this study are to analyze Cuban agricultural production and trade and to estimate potential agricultural trade flows that could occur between the United States and Cuba if the embargo was completely lifted.  The effects of various increases in Cuban GDP on Cuban import demand are also analyzed.  Cuba could be a significant market for U.S. exports of wheat, wheat flour, rice, corn, pulses, poultry, and dairy products, while the United States would...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cuba; Embargo; Agricultural trade potential; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23573

AN OVERVIEW OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE SIZE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trueblood,   Michael A.; Honadle,   Beth Walter.
This paper reviews many factors affecting the size of local government. These factors include: current demographic trends and changes in alternative service delivery arrangements, theoretical schools of thought, evidence on economies of size, whether current local governments are managed efficiently, and legal and political factors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13688

An Overview of Globalisation and Economic Policy Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This is the draft of the introductory chapter of Clem Tisdell (ed.) Globalisation and World Economic Policies.  It highlights the varied dimensions of globalisation.  Trends in world exports of goods and services as a percentage of global GDP, and world FDI net inflow as a percentage of global GDP are used to indicate trends in economic globalisation.  In relation to non-economic measures of globalisation, particular attention is given to variations in international telephone traffic and the number of internet users and hosts.  Increasing globalisation of the media is an important feature of recent developments in globalisation, and has significant political, economic and cultural ramifications.  These aspects are highlighted. The chapter concludes with an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Exports of goods; Telephone; Internet users and hosts; Media globalisation; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90537

AN OVERVIEW OF IMMIGRATION AND THE CHANGING FACE OF RURAL CALIFORNIA: THE CENTRAL SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper examines the aggregate performance of California agriculture relative to Florida and U.S. agriculture, 1960-1993, the economics of the California raisin grape industry which uses large quantities of migratory labor for the grape harvest, and schools and schooling of farm workers'’ children in the Parlier area.  The major conclusions are that the labor intensity of California (and Florida) agriculture has fallen much less than for the whole U.S., the raisin grape industry of the Central San Joaquin Valley is struggling due to labor availability and prospects of greater foreign competition, and schooling is one of the most promising routes to a better life for the children of adult farm workers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Immigration; Raisin grapes; Farm workers; Schools; Schooling; Small town; California; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18249

An Overview of International Development Perspectives in History: Focus on Agricultural and Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Voth,   Donald E.
This essay has developed gradually over the approximately 20 years, until 2000, that I taught what was then listed as AGEC 5163 and RSOC 5163, International Agricultural and Rural Development.  The first draft was written during the "New Directions" mandate period, while the Green Revolution and its Agricultural Fundamentalism dominated and the Washington Consensus strategy was just emerging.  Project funding was still common in international agricultural development, at least in USDA.  A dramatic shift from the biological science research of the Green Revolution to Farming Systems Research was underway.  The UoA Division of Agriculture had just obtained $5.0 million "Strengthening" grant from USAID, and had successfully competed for several large...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15776

AN OVERVIEW OF LAND USE ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14288

AN OVERVIEW OF SOME SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF VARIABILITY IN WORLD TRADE IN GRAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14084

An overview of the development challenges and constraints of the Niger Basin and possible intervention strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Namara,   Regassa E.; Barry,   Boubacar; Owusu,   Eric S.; Ogilvie,   Andrew.
The Niger River Basin covers 7.5% of the African continent and is shared between nine riparian countries. The human population of the basin is growing at an average annual rate of about 3%, which makes the Niger River Basin one of the areas with the highest fertility rates in the world. The desert margin is expanding; climate change is negatively impacting rainfall; and urbanization, industrialization, and the human and livestock population are threatening the quantity and quality of available water resources. The basin population already suffers from chronic poverty. Based on a literature review, this paper suggests some key water-related and other interventions that are capable of easing the basin's development challenges.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basin development; Poverty; Social aspects; Climate change; Agriculture sector; Water governance; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118299

An Overview of the Organic Food Products Market in Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hui-Shung (Christie); Griffith,   Garry R.; Zepeda,   Lydia.
Worldwide, the demand for organic food products appears to have expanded quickly in recent years, stimulated by consumer perceptions that organic products are safe, clean and ethical. The growth rate was estimated to be around 10-20 per cent per annum in the next few years, with sales reaching $US 29-31 billion in 2005. The biggest growth in consumption has occurred in developed countries, such as the United States, Western Europe, and Japan that are also major importers of organic foods. It is clear that Australia, traditionally a major exporter of agricultural products, stands to benefit from the expansion in demand for organic products. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the Australian organic food products industry, including...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12928

An Overview of the Wheat Gluten Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boland,   Michael A.; Brester,   Gary W.; Taylor,   Mykel R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29224

An Overview of U.S. Farm Real Estate Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forster,   D. Lynn.
This paper offers an overview of U.S. farm real estate markets.  Major uses of land, location of farm real estate, and ownership patterns are summarized.  Characteristics of participants in farm real markets are reviewed.  Farm real estate values and rents examined, and factors affecting farm real estate values are reviewed, including the effects of conversion of farm real estate to other uses.  Finally, historic returns to farmland owners are summarized.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28319

AN OWNERSHIP RIGHTS TYPOLOGY OF COOPERATIVE MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaddad,   Fabio Ribas; Cook,   Michael L.
This paper examines agricultural cooperative organizational models from an ownership rights perspective. Building upon property rights and incomplete contracts theories of the firm, the paper adopts a definition of ownership rights comprising both residual claim and control rights. We argue that alternative cooperative organizational models differ in the way ownership rights are defined and assigned to the economic agents tied contractually to the firm - members, patrons, and investors. Based on multiple case study evidence, the paper proposes a typology of discrete organizational models, in which the traditional cooperative structure and the investor-oriented firm (IOF) are characterized as polar forms. Additionally, we identify five non-traditional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26032

AN UPDATE ON PRICES OF ORGANIC CROPS IN COMPARISON TO CONVENTIONAL CROPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobbs,   Thomas L.; Bertramsen,   Sherry K.
This article compares farm-level organic prices to both South Dakota and national cash prices for the products of conventionally grown corn, soybeans, spring wheat and oats.  Data indicate that the ratios of organic prices to conventional prices for corn, spring wheat, and oats decline during the past year, but not soybeans.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32015

AN UPDATE ON THE CANADIAN HOME MEAL REPLACEMENT MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grier,   Kevin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18105

An Updated Trade Analysis of Wisconsin Counties for 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.
The intent of this functional research project is to apply the tools of Trade Area Analysis (TAA) to retail and service sales data for Wisconsin Counties. For this analysis we use the sales tax data as reported by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue for 2006, the most current year the data are available. Only those counties that have elected to collect the optional county sales tax are included in the analysis. Through Pull Factors and measures of Surplus and Leakage the relative strengths, and weaknesses, of local retail and service markets are identified.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92135

An Updated Trade Analysis of Wisconsin Counties for 2009
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.
The intent of this functional research project is to apply the tools of Trade Area Analysis (TAA) to retail and service sales data for Wisconsin counties. For this analysis we use the sales tax data as reported by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue for 2009, the most current year the data are available. Only those counties that have elected to collect the optional county sales tax are included in the analysis. Through Pull Factors and measures of Surplus and Leakage the relative strengths, and weaknesses, of local retail and service markets are identified.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94370

An Updated Trade Area Analysis of Wisconsin Counties for 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.
The intent of this functional research project is to apply the tools of Trade Area Analysis (TAA) to retail and service sales data for Wisconsin Counties. For this analysis we use the sales tax data as reported by the Wisconsin Department of Revenue for 2005, the most current year the data are available. Only those counties that have elected to collect the optional county sales tax are included in the analysis. Through Pull Factors and measures of Surplus and Leakage the relative strengths, and weaknesses, of local retail and service markets are identified.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10281

Análise de Mortalidade de Adultos em Agregados Familiares Rurais em Moçambique e as Implicações para as Políticas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco; Donovan,   Cynthia; Weber,   Michael T.; Alage,   Albertina.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Adult mortality; HIV/AIDS; Rural economic policy; Mozambique; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56063

Analisis del sistema argentino de investigacion agropecuaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parellada,   Gabriel H.; Ekboir,   Javier M.
El sector agropecuario ha desempeñado siempre un papel fundamental en la economía argentina. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, los productos de origen pampeano tuvieron un fuerte crecimiento gracias a la adopción masiva de nuevas tecnologías de comercialización y producción. Estas tecnologías fueron desarrolladas por redes de agentes que incluyeron en forma prominente productores innovadores, empresas privadas e investigadores de instituciones públicas. Sin embargo, las instituciones mismas tuvieron una participación limitada, y su mayor impacto se derivó del desarrollo de semillas mejoradas de los principales cultivos pampeanos. En la primera mitad del siglo XX, Argentina construyó un sistema público de investigación fuerte, localizado fundamentalmente en...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7694

Analisis del sistema Mexicano de investigacion agropecuaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.; Espinosa Garcia,   Jose Antonio; Espinoza Arellano,   Jose de Jesus; Moctezuma Lopez,   Georgel; Naranjo,   Alfredo Tapia.
En la década del 90, el sector agropecuario mexicano generó alrededor del 5% del PBI y el 2.5% de las exportaciones. A pesar de su reducida contribución al PBI, el sector agropecuario tiene una gran importancia económica y social como generador de empleos (un 25% del empleo total), por su influencia sobre el costo de vida, la prevalencia de la pobreza rural (más del 75% de la población pobre y más del 50% de los que viven en pobreza extrema habitan en zonas rurales) y porque las exportaciones agropecuarias constituyen una fuente de ingreso importante para varias regiones, especialmente las zonas irrigadas del norte y centro del país. Desde la década del 70, algunos productores agropecuarios mexicanos, especialmente los que se integraron a cadenas...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7684

Analisis del sistema panameno de investigacion agropecuaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.; de Herrera,   Adys Pereira; Becerra,   Franklin.
Panamá tiene una economía dual con unas pocas actividades altamente competitivas y otras que se desarrollaron gracias a políticas de sustitución de importaciones. Estas políticas influyeron sobre el sistema público de  investigación. Durante 15 años, los objetivos más importantes de este sistema fueron el apoyo a productores que vendían en el mercado interno y el fomento de las actividades tradicionales de exportación. La  competitividad y la comercialización no eran relevantes. Así, las instituciones de investigación desarrollaron programas para los productos tradicionales de los pequeños y medianos productores (granos básicos y ganadería).  La estabilidad de las políticas proteccionistas y el deficiente control de la calidad de la investigación...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Panama; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7679

Analisis del sistema Paraguayo de investigacion agropecuaria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekboir,   Javier M.; Parellada,   Gabriel H.; Molina,   Andres; Duarte,   Cesar.
En la década del 90, el Gobierno paraguayo implementó, con poco éxito, varios planes de reforma del Estado. Actualmente conviven en Paraguay un Estado muy centralizado, con poca capacidad de implementar políticas modernas, y una economía muy descentralizada (a veces completamente fuera del control del gobierno y de la policía), que evoluciona gracias a las acciones e interacciones de agentes individuales y a las oportunidades creadas por la integración a los mercados fronterizos, tanto en los rubros comerciales como agropecuarios. Pero por la espontaneidad propia de este proceso de desarrollo, importantes sectores de la sociedad han quedado marginados. A pesar de la importancia del sector agropecuario en la economía paraguaya, han sido pocos los esfuerzos...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48282

Análisis económico de la “bio-carbonización” como práctica de manejo agrícola
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramirez,   Juan Andres; Rosales Alvarez,   Ramon.
Las altas concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero, específicamente CO2, han sido señaladas como la principal causa del cambio climático. La adopción de prácticas agrícolas capaces de incrementar el contenido de carbono en el suelo, ha sido propuesta como una estrategia de bajo costo y disponibilidad inmediata para enfrentar este fenómeno. La Bio-carbonización es una de estas prácticas agrícolas, la cual implica la aplicación de carbón vegetal al suelo, de modo que el carbono queda capturado en una forma altamente recalcitrante al tiempo que se mejora la calidad del suelo. Este artículo es el primero en evaluar la viabilidad financiera y considerar algunos de los efectos económicos de la práctica, estimados para una finca tipo en la altillanura...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultura sostenible; Altillanura colombiana; Análisis costobeneficio; Programación lineal; Secuestro de carbono; Servicios ambientales.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C6; D60; O30; Q10; Q24; Q50.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60734

Analyse der Bestandsentwicklung landwirtschafticher Familienarbeitskrafte in Westdeutschland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pavel,   Ferdinand.
The purpose of this paper is to identify the explanatory variables of the changes of family labour in West German agriculture over the last thirty years. Labour stocks are distinguished into full and part time labour for both sexes separately. Demographic influences imply quasi autonomous changes of labour stocks which are quantified using cohort analysis. The rates of change exceeding this quasi autonomous component are regressed on explanatory variables. The most significant influence is found for the expected incomes in agriculture, the opportunity costs of family labour and general labour market conditions.  Ziel der Analyse ist es, die Bestimmungsgrunde der Bestandsentwicklung landwirtschaftlicher Familienarbeitskrafte in Westdeutschland und deren...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18779

ANALYSE DER ÖKONOMISCHEN SITUATION VON MILCHPRODUKTIONSUNTERNEHMEN IM OBLAST BURGAS, BULGARIEN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adler,   Jens.
Over the last 7 years, the transformation process has led to drastic changes in the structure of the Bulgarian agricultural sector, and especially to a dramatic fall in milk production. Hence results the great importance of studies that analyse the general conditions of the agrarian sector as well as the economic situation of agricultural enterprises. This discussion paper presents the results of a study of the economic situation of milk production farms, which was carried out in the oblast Burgas, in the south east of Bulgaria. The aim of the investigation was the detailed analysis of the situation of Bulgarian milk production enterprises with respect to their production technologies and economic results. In addition, the comparative advantages and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14943

ANALYSE DER WETTBEWERBSPROZESSE IN DER POLNISCHEN FLEISCHINDUSTRIE SEIT TRANSFORMATIONSBEGINN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pieniadz,   Agata; Rudolph,   Dirk W.; Wandel,   Jurgen.
It is the objective of the present study to examine the competitive processes within the Polish meat processing industry during the first six years of transformation empirically. In particular, two questions were posed: How did the intensity of competition develop in this sector since the beginning of the transformation process? What are the factors that did further or impede individual firm growth? The intensity of static competition in input procurement did increase slightly during the transformation process, but the intensity of dynamic competition in selling output, which is still high, did decrease. The results of an econometric analysis of market share development showed that below average initial firm size and above average input procurement prices...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14870

Analyse des prix de parité en Afrique de l’Ouest : Le cas du riz depuis la crise de 2007-2008. Rapport de synthèse provisoire.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diallo,   Boubacar Cisse; Dembele,   Niama Nango; Staatz,   John M.
ATELIER REGIONAL DE VALIDATION DE L’ETUDE SUR LES PRIX DE PARITE DU RIZ EN AFRIQUE DE L’OUEST
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Parity price; Rice; Mali; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Q11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57243

Analysing Agricultural Land Markets as Organisations: An Empirical Study in Poland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurrelmann,   Annette.
In this paper agricultural land markets are regarded as organisations, which allows to take the effect of the social embeddedness of exchange into account. The markets-as organizations approach suggests that markets are governed by an internal "constitution" containing rules on dissemination of information, control procedures and sanctioning mechanisms that provide advantages to members. The design of the market constitution is believed to be strongly influenced by the constellation of actors and their characteristics. In order to investigate the validity of this assumption the study chooses a comparative approach that analyses the content of land market rules in settings with different actor constellations and tries to find out why they have been...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18840

ANALYSING INSTITUTIONS, POLICIES, &amp; FARMING SYSTEMS FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN TRANSITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gatzweiler,   Franz W.; Backman,   Stefan; Sipilainen,   Timo; Zellei,   Anett.
The aim of this paper is to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework for the analysis of institutions, policies and farming systems for agri-environmental sustainability in Central and Eastern European countries in transition. The basic unit of analysis is the 'agri-environmental action scenario'. The action scenario consists of a set of components which together shape the outcomes of an agri-environmental action situation. The framework consists of 1) the environmental effects of transition, 2) policies, 3) institutions, and 4) farming systems. We aim at characterising these key elements of the framework, their relationship and interactions, and their role in achieving sustainability at the interface between agriculture and the environment....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18894

Analysing Regional Sustainability Through a Systemic Approach: The Lombardy Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caratti,   Pietro; Ferraguto,   Ludovico.
The intrinsic complexity of the sustainability concept challenges research towards more sophisticated ways to model and assess the dimensions underlying it. However, currently adopted modelling techniques and indicators frameworks are not able to give an integrated assessment through the different components of sustainability, providing incomplete visuals of the reality that they aim to catch. This paper tries to assess how the INSURE methodology can provide a contribution in the analysis of sustainability through indicator frameworks, describing its application to the Lombardy region (Italy). Developed on the course of a 6th European Framework Program – financed project to measure sustainability in the European regions, the methodology provides two...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable Development; Regional Economics; Econometric and Input Output Models; Development Planning and Policy; Regional Analyses; Q01; R; R15; O2; O18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37670

ANALYSING RUSSIAN FOOD EXPENDITURE USING MICRO-DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elsner,   Karin.
Since the beginning of transition, the level and structure of average food consumption and expenditure of Russian households has changed substantially. This development has gone together with a steep increase in the share of food in total expenditure. Notable differences with respect to food expenditure are observed between distinct household strata. In this paper, food demand of Russian households is investigated. For this purpose, households are classified by sociodemographic characteristics, and differences between food demand patterns of various household types are described using data of a Russian household survey of 1996. Russian food demand is econometrically estimated for seventeen food commodities belonging to five groups using a two-stage linear...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14909

ANALYSING THE LOW ADOPTION OF WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perret,   Sylvain R.; Stevens,   Joe B.
Natural resource degradation and water scarcity are a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of smallholder farmers' livelihoods in semi-arid developing areas.  As part of research efforts, a number of water-conservation technologies (WCT) have been developed, yet with low adoption rates in smallholder farming environments.  This paper discusses the concepts of adoption and innovation, comparing the perspectives of research operators to the ones of smallholder farmers.  Discrepancies are highlighted and ultimately explain low uptake of technologies by farmer.  Then it addresses socio-economic factors affecting such adoption.  It is argued that WCT show specific traits: (1) diversity and applicability to different time and spatial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Innovation; Water conservation; Technologies; Collective action; Property rights; Sustainability; Livelihoods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18028

Analysis and Evaluation of Ecosystem Resilience:  An Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergano,   Lucia; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper focuses on the analyses and evaluation of resilience anchored in an economic perspective. Resilience, as well as most of the benefits provided by ecosystems, is not priced on current markets. However, this does not mean that resilience is of no value for humans. On the contrary, the interest of using an economic perspective, and the respective scientific methodology, will be put forward in terms of resilience relevance for ecosystems’ life and functioning, and its impact on human welfare. The economic perspective is anchored in an anthropocentric analysis meaning that resilience is evaluated in terms of provision of natural capital benefits. These, in turn, are interpreted as an insurance against the risk of ecosystem malfunctioning and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12205

Analysis for biotechnology innovations using Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanacre,   Nicholas A.; Gaskell,   Joanne; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Falck-Zepeda,   Jose Benjamin; Quemada,   Hector; Halsey,   Mark; Birner,   Regina.
Meeting the food needs of the world’s growing population while reducing poverty and protecting the environment is a major global challenge. Genetically modified crops appear to provide a promising option to deal with this challenge. However there is a need to make strategic decisions on how to spend limited agricultural research funds in order to achieve a maximum impact with regard to finding sustainable solutions to end hunger and poverty. In international development institutions, there is growing interest in the potential use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as part of a research based Environmental Management System (EMS) to promote mainstreaming of environmental considerations in policy development. SEA was developed as an approach to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk; Strategic Environmental Assessment; Genetically Modified; GMO; LMO; Living Modified Organisms; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58584

ANALYSIS OF 1982 CENSUS OF AGRICULTURE AND FEED CONSUMPTION ESTIMATES BY MINNESOTA COUNTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halbach,   Daniel Walter; Fruin,   Jerry E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13298

Analysis of a Climatically Variable Production Season
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Materer,   Susan M.; Corinne,   Valdivia.
Analysis of a small agropastoral community in Bolivia during a climatically vulnerable year, provided insight into how households diversify and change productions strategies in order to secure income and food consumption. Twelve independent variables that identified distinct production strategies were analyzed according to how well they estimated total income. A subset selection process determined the best combination of variables, or production strategies. The four variables chosen were food plots, shared land, off farm income and number of native animals. These variables characterize traditional farming practices and have social and human capital embedded within them. It is important to understand how households mitigate and cope with climatic risks, in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92905

Analysis of Adult Mortality Within Rural Households in Mozambique and Implications for Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David; de Marrule,   Higino Francisco; Donovan,   Cynthia; Weber,   Michael T.; Alage,   Albertina.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Adult mortality; HIV/AIDS; Rural economic policy; Mozambique; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56062

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT DESIGNS FOR FARMLAND DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.
Four alternative payment rules were examined to evaluate their ability to accomplish the objectives of the development rights purchase program.  Paying the true economic value for the development rights does not allow the program to target high quality agricultural land. Modifying the payment strategy by offering a minimum payment will provide some extra incentive for high quality agricultural land in areas with little development pressure, but will provide little help in areas with high development pressure. Indexing the payment to a representative agricultural-use value for an area will provide premiums to high quality agricultural land and discounts to low quality agricultural land which provides additional incentives (disincentives) for high (low)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11540

ANALYSIS OF BORROWER AND LENDER USE OF INTEREST ASSISTANCE ON FSA GUARANTEED FARM LOANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahrendsen,   Bruce L.; Koenig,   Steven R.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Dodson,   Charles B.; Settlage,   Latisha A.
The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 made permanent the interest assistance program for the Farm Service Agency's guaranteed loans, authorized a significant increase in funding for the program, and targeted funding for beginning farmers and ranchers.  The research presented here provides a basic descriptive analysis of past use.  In particular, borrower data for Federal fiscal years 1985 through 2002 are examined in several dimensions.  These dimensions include geographic, borrower type, lender type, interest rate differentials, percent guarantee, and the status of the loan as to whether a loss claim was paid or the loan remained active.  Even though the program has been in existence for more than 15 years, little is known about its impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15778

ANALYSIS OF CHRISTINA SCHOOL DISTRICT'S 2003 DSTP PERFORMANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacKenzie,   John; Christina School District Board of Education.
This report summarizes the performance of the Christina School District (CSD) on the 2003 Delaware State Testing Program (DSTP). The 2003 test data represent the final set of results attributable to CSD's former leadership team, which was replaced in July of 2003. The DSTP tests all public school 3rd, 5th, 8th and 10th graders in three areas: reading, math and writing. Despite its adequate resources, CSD has generally lagged behind most other school districts in Delaware in student DSTP performance. There is a persistent drop-off in student performance between 3rd and 5th grades, due in part to a significant exodus of high-performing 5th grade students to non-CSD schools, and there is little or no recovery in student performance levels between the 5th and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15828

ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER'S WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR NEW FRIED FOOD PREPARED FROM COWPEA FLOUR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fletcher,   Stanley M.; McWatters,   Kay H.; Resurreccion,   Anna V.A.
Consumers' willingness to pay for cowpea products was analyzed by a multi-ordered response model. The analysis indicated that socio-demographic factors are weakly linked to consumers' willingness to pay while product characteristics are strongly linked. Marketing promotion is possible. Thus, akara products, made from cowpea paste, have potential for extending the utilization of cowpeas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115909

Analysis of Demand and Supply of Rice in Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Karmana,   Maman H.; Erlandson,   Gordon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23419

ANALYSIS OF EAST ASIAN MEAT IMPORT DEMAND: MARKET PROSPECTS FOR ALBERTA AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Veeman,   Terrence S.; Adilu,   Shiferaw.
This study focuses on the demand for meat and the market vulnerabilities that apply to four  selected Asian markets that are of potential importance to meat exporters. The markets  identified for this purpose are Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, and Singapore. An initial  overview of market prospects and vulnerabilities based on previous studies is reported.  Detailed assessments of import  demand and substitution between various meats for meat exports from Canada/Alberta  to each of  these markets  was also undertaken. This  required collection and analysis of extensive data relating to consumption and imports of  major meat groups in the four Asian countries. Two different econometric models were applied. These included source-differentiated Almost Ideal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24063

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC CHANGES IN REGION 6E 1960-1970
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoppe,   Robert A.; Dorf,   Ronald J.
In this paper, socio-economic changes in one development region, Region 6E, are examined and compared with changes occurring in Minnesota from 1960 to 1970. Region 6E consists of Kandiyohi, McLeod, Meeker, and Renville Counties. In particular, changes in employment by occupations, and changes in income for the urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm populations of Region 6E are examined.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14106

ANALYSIS OF EXPECTED PRICE DYNAMICS BETWEEN FLUID MILK FUTURES CONTRACTS AND CASH PRICES FOR FLUID MILK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fortenbery,   T. Randall; Cropp,   Robert A.; Zapata,   Hector O.
The objective of this study is to provide an empirical evaluation of the expected relationship between cash and futures prices for fluid milk. This is done using historic cash prices from 1988 to 1995, and making inferences about how futures prices would have behaved if they had traded during this sample period. Futures prices are simulated over the sample period based on two assumptions about futures market behavior for fluid milk. The first is that the futures market will essentially price the Basic Formula Price (BFP). The BFP is an estimate of the previous month's pay price for Grade B manufacturing milk in Minnesota and Wisconsin adjusted for contemporaneous changes in the prices of manufactured milk products. It establishes the federal milk marketing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12618

ANALYSIS OF FARM FINANCING AND RISK MANAGEMENT FOR NORTH DAKOTA FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Duncan,   Marvin R.; Taylor,   Richard D.
Significant changes under the 1996 FAIR Act and recent trade agreements are occurring in the U.S. farm sector.  The changes will affect both the source and the magnitude of the business and financial risks that farmers will be required to manage. The objectives of this study were to investigate North Dakota farmers' plans regarding business expansion, timing of expansion, and expected financing of that business expansion and to analyze their risk management strategies. The study was based on a statewide survey.  The data were categorized into six groups for analysis: demographics, intergenerational transfer, debt characteristics, lender relationships, business expansion, and farmer expectations of their lenders.  Statistical techniques were used to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm credit; Expansion plans; Debt-to-asset ratio; Farm demographics; Financial tools; Credit sources; Financial services; Non-traditional lending; Agricultural Finance; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23340

ANALYSIS OF FARM FINANCING AND RISK MANAGEMENT FOR U.S. FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Duncan,   Marvin R.; Taylor,   Richard D.
Significant changes under the 1996 FAIR Act and trade agreements are occurring in the U.S. farm sector.  The changes will affect both the source and the magnitude of the business and financial risks that farmers will be required to manage. The objectives of this study were to investigate farmer plans regarding business expansion, timing of expansion, and expected financing of that business expansion and to analyze their financial services and risk management strategies. The study was based on data from a nationwide survey of subscribers to Top Operator farm magazine.  The data were categorized into six groups for analysis: demographics, intergenerational transfer, debt characteristics, lender relationships, business expansion, and farmer expectations of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm credit; Expansion plans; Debt-to-asset ratio; Farm demographics; Financial tools; Credit sources; Financial services; Non-traditional lending; Agricultural Finance; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23268

Analysis of H.R. 2646 on Land Tenure Arrangements on U.S. Representative and Texas FARM Assistance Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Outlaw,   Joe L.; Klose,   Steven L.; Richardson,   James W.; Anderson,   David P.; Womack,   Abner W.
This report analyzes whether H.R. 2646 may provide economic incentives for landlords to end current land tenure arrangements with tenants and take over management (and government payments) associated with their land. This work is a followup to Briefing Paper 01-9, Representative Farm Analysis of the H.R. 2646 Farm Bill Proposal that analyzes the impacts of H.R. 2646 on the representative crop farms maintained by the Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42719

ANALYSIS OF IMPORT DEMAND FOR U.S. FRESH GRAPES: AN APPLICATION OF THE ROTTERDAM MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Davis,   Christopher G.; Olorunnipa,   Zacch.
The Rotterdam model was used to determine the demand for fresh table grapes in Canada, Japan, and Sweden from 1971-1990.  Results of elastic expenditure elasticities and cross price elasticities indicating that U.S. grapes are considered substitutes for grapes from other countries, suggest that the U.S. grape producers have a competitive edge in these countries.  The trade agreements and trade negotiations with Canada and Japan will assist in making relative prices lower for U.S. grapes, encouraging their consumption.  Lastly, Canada, Japan, and Sweden are all expected to grow in wealth, as well as their demand for fruit, especially grapes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11617

Analysis of Key Non-Dairy Provisions of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fortenbery,   T. Randall; Dobson,   William D.
The contentious 2002 Farm Bill has been described by many as the most politicized farm legislation in recent history. Many lawmakers concluded that the 1996 Farm Bill was based on flawed assumptions and that U.S. farmers needed a more dependable safety net. Hence, their support for the 2002 Farm Bill, which represents a partial return to agricultural policies existing prior to the 1996 Freedom to Farm Bill. Many crop producers will see enhanced short-run returns under the new legislation. In addition, the new Farm Bill will remove incentives for expanded soybean production relative to corn in the U.S. Politically popular conservation payments increase under the new legislation. However, trading partners have been angered by the legislation. This will sour...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12740

ANALYSIS OF LOAN SETTLEMENTS AND RESTRUCTURED LOAN PERFORMANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pederson,   Glenn D.; Rao,   Ananth; Boehlje,   Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13257

ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS WITH PRICE EFFECTS, AND APPLICATION TO INNOVATION AND TECHNICAL CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oehmke,   James F.; Crawford,   Eric W.
Replaced with revised version of paper 04/21/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11766

Analysis of Property Values, Local Government Finances and Reservation of Land for National Parks and Similar Purposes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Pearson,   Leonie J.
The impact on local government finances of the reservation of land for national parks in local government areas has been a bone of contention. This article analyses the situation. It identifies conditions in which the reservation of land for national parks increases total rateable unimproved property values in a local government area. The level of a local government’s receipts from rates tend to move in the same direction as the total value of rateable property in its local government area. Thus, even though national parks and similar natural areas are not rateable, it is possible that the reservation of some local government areas for such protection, can increase the receipts from rates of the local council concerned. However this is not always so and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: National Parks; Local government; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48380

Analysis of Representative Rice Farms Under H.R. 2646 and the Continuation of the FAIR Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houston,   Christy M.; Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Smith,   Edward G.; Womack,   Abner W.
In anticipation of the new farm bill, seventeen representative rice farms from six different rice-producing states have been analyzed to compare the continuation of the FAIR Act provisions with the House proposal, H.R. 2646. Each farm was simulated assuming each policy would be in place for the next five-year period, or 2002-2006. A full description of each of the farms can be found in the Appendix.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42724

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REGULATION (EEC) 2078/92; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ragazzoni,   Alessandro; Canavari,   Maurizio.
This paper is concerned with analyzing the CAP policies involving environmental issues and simulating probable results at a farm level of the adoption of agri-environmental measures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14399

Analysis of Selected Basis Relationships for Spring Wheat
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colvin,   Dennis; Anderson,   Donald E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23179

ANALYSIS OF SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 1 (SJR1): PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE IOWA CONSTITUTION FOR LIMITING STATE GENERAL FUND EXPENDITURES AND TAX REVENUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edelman,   Mark A.
Analysis Summary:  1. Potential shift in the executive/legislative balance of power and potential conflict with other provisions of the Iowa Consortium.  2. Process to access "rainy day" funds under SJR 1 appears to be substantively different from current Iowa Code.  3. Iowa's current financial position is more attributable to state sales and use tax increase than 99 percent expenditure rule.  4. The proposed Amendment and existing statutory 99 percent expenditure rule remain untested by circumstances other than robust economic conditions.  5. Allocation of any surplus revenues to the GAAP Reduction Account is dropped.  6. A minority of 21 votes in the Senate may defeat a question involving a tax increase.  Reduced flexibility for state government response...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18241

Analysis of Short Line Railroad Development in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zink,   Daniel L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23301

ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC DATA FOR THE I-75 CLUSTER OF MICHIGAN COUNTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.
This paper presents an analysis of socioeconomic data for a cluster of five counties in northern lower Michigan. These adjacent counties (Cheboygan, Crawford, Ogemaw, Otsego, and Roscommon) are part of a three-year rural development project. Data for individual counties as well as averages for the cluster are given. Topics covered include population growth, age of residents, educational attainment, unemployment, employment/jobs, sources of personal income, household income, poverty rates, and household composition. An executive summary is also provided.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11485

ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC DATA FOR THE SOUTHERN TIER CLUSTER OF MICHIGAN COUNTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.
This paper presents an analysis of socioeconomic data for a cluster of four Michigan counties that lie on its southern border. These adjacent counties (Branch, Hillsdale, Lenawee, and St. Joseph) are part of a three-year rural development project. Data for individual counties as well as averages for the cluster are given. Topics covered include population growth, age of residents, educational attainment, unemployment, employment/jobs, sources of personal income, household income, poverty rates, and household composition. An executive summary is also provided.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11744

ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC DATA FOR THE VALUE ADDED AGRICULTURE CLUSTER OF MICHIGAN COUNTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.
This paper presents an analysis of socioeconomic data for a cluster of three counties in central Michigan. These adjacent counties (Gratiot, Mecosta, and Montcalm) are part of a three-year rural development project. Data for individual counties as well as averages for the cluster are given. Topics covered include population growth, age of residents, educational attainment, unemployment, employment/jobs, sources of personal income, household income, poverty rates, and household composition. An executive summary is also provided.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11728

ANALYSIS OF SOCIOECONOMIC DATA FOR THE WESTERN UP CLUSTER OF MICHIGAN COUNTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.
This paper presents an analysis of socioeconomic data for a cluster of six counties in Michigan's upper peninsula. These adjacent counties (Baraga, Gogebic, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, and Ontonagon) are part of a three-year rural development project. Data for individual counties as well as averages for the cluster are given. Topics covered include population growth, age of residents, educational attainment, unemployment, employment/jobs, sources of personal income, household income, poverty rates, and household composition. An executive summary is also provided.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11544

ANALYSIS OF SOIL FERTILITY TESTING PROCEDURES USING UNIFORM, TOPOGRAPHICAL AND OTHER SITE-SPECIFIC METHODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haugen,   Ronald H.; Aakre,   Dwight G.
This study summarizes an analysis of uniform, topographical and other site-specific soil fertility testing procedures based on observations of various crops at various locations in North Dakota and one location in Minnesota for 2001 through 2004. Results showed little difference in economic returns among the soil fertility testing methods by crop or location.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fertility; Topography; Soil testing; Site-specific; North Dakota; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23580

Analysis of Taxes Paid by North Dakota Farm and Ranch Operators
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pederson,   Glenn D.; Johnson,   Roger G.; Ali,   Mir B.; Coon,   Randal C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23234

Analysis of Technical Efficiency in a Rainfed Lowland Rice Environment in Central Luzon Philippines Using a Stochastic Frontier Production Function with a Heteroskedastic Error Structure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Villano,   Renato A.; Fleming,   Euan M.
There have been many previous studies of technical inefficiency in rice production in the Philippines, but none has focused simultaneously on production risk and technical inefficiency at the farm level.  In this study, we analyse technical inefficiency in a rainfed lowland rice environment in Central Luzon using a stochastic frontier production function with a heteroskedastic error structure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Heteroskedastic error structure; Philippines; Stochastic frontier production function; Technical; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12906

Analysis of Technological Portfolios for CO2 stabilizations and Effects of Technological Changes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sano,   Fuminori; Akimoto,   Keigo; Homma,   Takashi; Tomoda,   Toshimasa.
In this study, cost-effective technological options to stabilize CO2 concentrations at 550, 500, and 450 ppmv are evaluated using a world energy systems model of linear programming with a high regional resolution. This model treats technological change endogenously for wind power, photovoltaics, and fuel-cell vehicles, which are technologies of mass production and are considered to follow the “learning by doing” process. Technological changes induced by climate policies are evaluated by maintaining the technological changes at the levels of the base case wherein there is no climate policy. The results achieved through model analyses include 1) cost-effective technological portfolios, including carbon capture and storage, marginal CO2 reduction costs, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12049

ANALYSIS OF THE 2002 FARM BILL AND NEW FARM BILL ALTERNATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Richard D.; Koo,   Won W.
This report evaluates the 2002 farm bill and the effects of the individual programs within the bill on North Dakota net farm income.  A stochastic simulation model was developed, using @Risk by Palisade.  @Risk replaces the mean values for price and yield with a distribution of values for the eight major commodities grown in North Dakota.   The counter-cyclical (target price) program, marketing loan program, and federal crop insurance benefits were separated and analyzed to determine which components were the most important to North Dakota producers.      The U.S. Trade Representative offered to decrease the country's trade distorting subsidies by 60% if the European Union would lower its export subsidies 75%.  The study estimates the impact of that plan....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Net farm income; Risk; Farm bill; North Dakota; Forecast; Domestic subsidies; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23524

Analysis of the Administration's Proposed Formula for Loan Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42084

Analysis of the Berlin Accord Reforms of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Beghin,   John C.; Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fuller,   Frank H.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Chaudhary,   Sudhir; Kaus,   Phillip J.; Fang,   Cheng; Hart,   Chad E.; Kovarik,   Karen.
This document briefly summarizes the impacts of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms on the European agricultural sector and on international agricultural trade. Objectives of the CAP reform (as stated in EU Commission documents) are: to ensure the environmental viability of European agriculture, and to protect the livelihood of European farmers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18282

Analysis of the Economic Viability for Representative Wheat Farms Given Alternative Farm Policies Proposed by the National Association of Wheat Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Raulston,   J. Marc; Knapek,   George M.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
This report is a companion to FAPRI-UMC Report #09-06, which contains the sector level results of the wheat policy options requested by Senators Crapo and Baucus, and Representatives Musgrave and Pomeroy. The Agricultural and Food Policy Center (AFPC) has completed a farm level analysis of five alternative policy options on the economic viability of 13 representative wheat farms located across the United States. The results of the analysis are compared to a continuation of the current farm program over the 2006-2013 planning horizon, however, the policy alternatives are assumed to begin in 2008/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42099

Analysis of the Effects of Proposed House and Senate Farm Bills on Rice Returns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Klose,   Steven L.; Anderson,   David P.; Womack,   Abner W.
This report reflects analysis of projected gross returns under the proposed farm programs – H.R. 2646 the House Bill that passed the House floor on October 5th, the Senate Bill that passed the Senate Agriculture Committee on November 15th and the Cochran/Roberts Bill that was defeated previously in committee.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42722

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT ON UK SUGAR PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF REFORMING THE EU SUGAR REGIME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Renwick,   Alan W.; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar.
The purpose of the paper is examining the potential implications for the UK sugar beet sector of the EU sugar regime reform. Although the reform has yet to be formalised, the initial proposals centre on price and quota cuts. Using panel data from the Farm Business Survey for England, the paper estimates two cost functions: one for the sugar enterprise and another for the cropping part of the farm (i.e., excludes any livestock enterprise) and use them to analyse the impacts on profitability and costs of three possible reform scenarios: a 25 per cent cut in UK quota, a 25 per cent cut in price, a 40 per cent cut in price. The results show that the largest gains in terms of economic efficiency would be achieved under the 40 per cent price cut; however, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU sugar reform; UK agriculture; UK sugar beet production; Multioutput cost function.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31938

Analysis of the Korean Beef Market: A Study of Hotel Buyers' Perspectives of Beef Imports from Three Major Sources Part 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Renee B.; Unterschultz,   James R.; Veeman,   Michele M.; Jelen,   Paul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24129

Analysis of the Korean Beef Market: A Study of Hotel Buyers' Perspectives of Beef Imports from Three Major Sources Part II
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Renee B.; Unterschultz,   James R.; Veeman,   Michele M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24085

Analysis of the regional impacts of Climate Policy in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okajima,   Shigeharu.
After great improvements in energy efficiency in the 1970’s, Japan has made little progress in reducing energy consumption since 1990, the base year for the Kyoto Protocol.  This study is motivated by the recent growing demands among policy makers to find all possibilities for saving energy.  To make informed decisions on how to save energy, policy makers need detailed information on energy consumption structures within each jurisdiction. First, in this article, I decompose national level energy intensity into efficiency and activity effects with the Fisher Ideal index, and then estimate regressions on prefecture level residential electricity demand between 1990 and 2003.  It is found that national level energy intensity declined by seventy three percent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fisher index; Energy intensity; Regional Computable General Equilibrium; Environmental taxes; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49118

ANALYSIS OF THE U.S.-EUROPEAN COMMUNITY OILSEEDS AGREEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ames,   Glenn C.W.; Gunter,   Lewell F.; Davis,   Claudia D.
In 1986, the American Soybean Association filed a Section 301 petition under the Trade Act of 1974, alleging that European Community oilseed subsidies nullified and impaired benefits of previous trade concessions, specifically the tariff binding of 1962.  Two bilateral trade agreements were negotiated to remedy the dispute, the Blair House Agreement and the Memorandum of Understanding on Oilseeds.  The impacts of these trade agreements were simulated using a three region trade model.  Results indicated that neither supply constraints nor penalties for overproduction will contribute to a recovery of U.S. soybean exports to the EC.    (Missing 6 tables)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oilseeds; Trade agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16646

ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD OIL CROPS MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Sun,   Changyou; Koo,   Won W.
The world of oilseeds, meals, and oils has been evolving.  New issues have emerged for researchers and policymakers.  The United States is still the largest player, mainly due to its dominant position in soybeans and soybean meals.  Nevertheless, the position of the United States has been challenged by several countries.  The growth by Brazil and Argentina in the production of soybeans and soybean meal has especially eroded the market share of the United States in recent years.  Malaysia and Indonesia have been aggressively marketing their palm oil, intensifying the competition for U.S. soybean oil exports.  Other issues include changing trade policies and demand in major importing countries, trade liberalization, and genetically modified crops.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oilseeds; Soybeans; Brazil; Argentina; Trade; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23621

ANALYSIS OF U.S. EXPORT ENHANCEMENT TARGETING AND BONUS DETERMINATION CRITERIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.; Skully,   David W.
This research analyzes the criteria set from which policymakers have selected import markets to target EEP wheat bonuses. Results presented herein indicate that the administration of EEP has favored no specific criterion -- rather, the emphasis placed on various criteria has fluctuated over time. Although putting pressure on the EU was a much repeated justification for the program, expanding U.s. wheat exports and pressuring the Canadians guided targeting allocations as much as, if not more than, pressuring the EU. This research also develops a method for predicting which wheat import markets are likely to be important in the future, based on an identification of specific policy objectives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Export enhancement program; Wheat; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51216

ANALYSIS OF U.S. WHEAT MARKET SHARES IN EAST ASIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jin,   Hyun Joung; Koo,   Won W.
The effects of U.S. wheat prices, dollar values, and their volatilities on U.S. wheat market shares in 10 Asian countries are analyzed.  The variables are converted to a relative form comparing the U.S. against Australian and Canadian variables in order to incorporate the effects of competition among these countries.  The effects of the increased loan rates and target prices in the early 1980s and the U.S. export enhancement program (EEP) are also analyzed.  Estimation results show that higher U.S. wheat prices and U.S. dollar appreciation have detrimental effects, while increases in competitors? wheat prices and currency values have cross positive effects on U.S. market shares.  The importers are not sensitive to volatility in annual price and exchange...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International wheat trade; Market share; Panel unit-root test; Panel estimation; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23505

Analysis of USDA Mandatory Hog Price Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grimes,   Glenn; Plain,   Ronald L.; Meyer,   Steve R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92652

Analysis of USDA Mandatory Hog Price Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grimes,   Glenn; Plain,   Ronald L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92645

Analysis of USDA Mandatory Hog Price Data 2002-2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grimes,   Glenn; Plain,   Ronald L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92635

ANALYZING A REGION'S ECONOMIC BASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13233

ANALYZING A RURAL REGION'S FUTURE WITH A SOCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.; Westeren,   Knut Ingar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13833

ANALYZING AGRICULTURAL LANDOWNERS' WILLINGNESS TO INSTALL STREAMSIDE BUFFERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Hardie,   Ian W.; Parker,   Douglas D.
Many watershed organizations have prioritized establishing streamside (riparian) buffers on agricultural land to improve water quality. Using data from a 2000 survey of 500 Maryland landowners, we examine what level of financial incentives they would require to install such buffers for 15 years on a voluntary basis.  A random utility model is developed where a landowner is willing to accept the offered contract if he or she receives a higher utility from the incentive payment and buffer installation than from not planting the buffer.  Given the development pressure in the Washington D.C./Baltimore corridor, we test whether farmers need more than the agricultural opportunity costs to encumber their land.   Higher incentive payments, part-time farming,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28570

ANALYZING ALTERNATIVES IN REGIONAL RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13671

ANALYZING CHANGING PRICE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN WHEAT FUTURES MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strohmaier,   Jay S.; Dahl,   Reynold P.
The purpose of this paper is to determine if hedging effectiveness can be enhanced with an understanding of seasonal and interseasonal changes in relative prices between the three wheat futures markets. The specific objectives of the analysis are to address the following questions: (1) What factors have contributed to increased variability in relative prices? (2)Do seasonal patterns in relative prices exist, and if so, how reliable is such seasonality? (3)How can hard red spring wheat hedgers use changing price spreads to increase the effectiveness of their hedging programs? (4) Can fundamental factors of supply and demand be used to predict forthcoming relative prices, and thus guide hedgers in selection of the most advantageous hedging market?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14090

ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY WITH POLLUTION ABATEMENT VERSUS OUTPUT ANALYZING ENVIRONMENTAL REDUCTION: AN APPLICATION TO U.S. AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schamel,   Guenter; de Gorter,   Harry.
A model is developed that derives optimal pollution levels and determines the welfare economics of pollution reduction, differentiating between abatement and output reduction. It is suitable to analyze alternative policy instruments aimed to reduce external costs of agricultural production. The model is applied to the U.S. corn sector and we simulate the effects of stylized environmental policies for pesticide use on social welfare and environmental quality. The simulation results indicate that across policy scenarios, fairly modest reductions in output may induce significant gains in social welfare and environmental quality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6853

Analyzing Farmer Participation Intentions and Enrollment Rates for the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.; Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Coble,   Keith H.; Knight,   Thomas O.
The 2008 Farm Bill created the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program as a new commodity support program. We analyze actual county-level ACRE enrollment rates and a mail survey of farmers just before the ACRE sign-up deadline in Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas and Wisconsin. As discussions begin regarding the next Farm Bill, an understanding of the factors affecting ACRE participation can provide guidance as program changes are discussed. Our empirical analysis of the survey suggest that initial farmer plans to switch to ACRE in 2009 were driven by producer perceptions of whether or not ACRE would pay more than existing programs and whether or not it would provide more risk protection. On the other hand, planning to stay with existing programs in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116705

ANALYZING GRAIN MARKET EFFICIENCY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: REVIEW OF EXISTING METHODS AND EXTENSIONS TO THE PARITY BOUNDS MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Negassa,   Asfaw; Myers,   Robert J.; Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.
This paper discusses a modeling approach that extends and improves the standard parity bounds model (PBM) of spatial market efficiency by analyzing the dynamic effects of marketing policy changes. The model facilitates an improved understanding of the patterns of adjustment in grain marketing efficiency in response to policy changes in two main ways. First, it identifies whether there are statistically significant structural changes in trading regime probabilities as a result of a given marketing policy change. Second, it determines the time path of the response of spatial grain market efficiency to marketing policy changes, thus addressing the issue of how long will it take before the full effect of marketing policy change is realized on spatial grain...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16132

Analyzing Health Innovations in a School Lunch Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grainger,   Corbett; Senauer,   Benjamin; Runge,   C. Ford.
Hopkins School District in Minnesota implemented an innovative school feeding program, which provides nutritionally sound foods that appeal to students.  With access to a unique data set containing students’ food service purchases and demographic data from Hopkins High School, we use logit models to analyze the impact of different phases of the program on participation rates, as well as the effect of demographic factors.  A relative healthfulness index for the foods purchased is calculated based on information provided by the school dietitian.  This index is used to analyze the impact of demographic variables, student lunch expenditures, and program changes on students’ lunch consumption.  The results of the econometric models indicate that the program...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14393

ANALYZING REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolf,   Christopher A.
Milk sales are the largest source of revenue on dairy farms.  Reproduction is necessary to generate a new lactation.  However, a pregnancy also dictates when the previous lactation must end so that the cow can retain sufficient condition into her new lactation.  Pregnancy rate and estrus detection rate determine reproductive success.  From an economics point of view, we talk about calving interval or days open so that a dollar value can be easily associated with the reproductive management program.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11590

Analyzing Resources for the Production of High-Value Agricultural Products in the California High Desert
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.; Hays,   Lauren.
Urbanization of previously undeveloped land is a critical concern in Southern California. Housing development brings with it several potentially detrimental effects, among which are hardening of the landscape (pavement), diminished water absorption into the soil, and increased harmful runoff into the Pacific Ocean. The High Desert Region of San Bernardino County, California is an area currently experiencing significant development pressure. It is our belief that the development of agricultural production could, to some extent, substitute for residential and commercial development, and that agricultural production is a more sustainable use of the land in this area. This report examines and inventories resources of an unincorporated area near the Cajon Pass...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: High-value agricultural products; Resources; Desert; California; Strategic planning; Sustainable agriculture; Demographics; Direct marketing; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7427

ANALYZING THE 1983 PAYMENT IN KIND PROGRAM AT THE FARM LEVEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Fred J.; Hasbargen,   Paul R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13632

Analyzing the Agricultural Trade Impacts of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malhotra,   Nisha; Stoyanov,   Andrey.
In this paper we study the agricultural trade impacts of the Canada Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA). We find that the effect of the CCFTA on Chilean agricultural exports to Canada is large and positive. We estimate that approximately one-half of a 90 percent increase in Chilean exports to Canada can be attributed to trade preferences that the country received under the agreement. We found no effect of the agreement on Canadian exports to Chile. As far as we know, our paper is among the few that carries out a detailed empirical analysis of \ the effect of the FTA on agriculture. Most empirical papers that have studied the trade impact of FTAs rely on country-wide gravity models and aggregate trade data. These aggregate analyses can hide negative effects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Chile; FTA; Regional; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46628

Analyzing the Economic Impact of Climate Change on Global Timber Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sohngen,   Brent; Sedjo,   Roger A.; Mendelsohn,   Robert; Lyon,   Kenneth S.
In this paper, we show how ecological and economic models can be linked to determine the economic impact of climate change on global timber markets. We begin by discussing some of the important issues relevant to global impact analyses such as this. We then outline our general modeling framework and discuss the particular models that will be used. Finally, we discuss some of the important issues involved with linking the two types of models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Economic model; Timber; Timber market; Dynamic; Optimal control; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10462

ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF BEACH CLOSURES, INTERSITE SUBSTITUTION AND INTERTEMPORAL SUBSTITUTION VIA A MODEL OF ATTENDANCE AT FIVE ORANGE COUNTY BEACHES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busch,   Christopher B.; Hanemann,   W. Michael.
This paper explores the impact on beach attendance of beach closures and the intersite and intertemporal substitution that may follow beach closures. A model of beach attendance is developed that builds on a model constructed by Paul Ruud to support the State of California's claim to damages after the American Trader oil spill off the coast of Orange County, southern California. Newly gathered data on beach closures is combined with data on daily attendance from 1985-1993. Variables are constructed to test for intersite substitution (the shifting of beach recreation in space, i.e. from a closed beach to another beach) and intertemporal substitution (the shifting of demand for recreation at a particular beach over time). The method of non-linear least...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6865

Analyzing the Impact of Trade Preferences in Gravity Models. Does Aggregation Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agostino,   Maria Rosaria; Aiello,   Francesco; Cardamone,   Paola.
There are two sources of bias in the existing gravity equations used to assess the impact of non-reciprocal preferential trade policies (NRPTPs). The main inconsistency comes from the use of aggregate export flows at country level to analyse the effects of trade preferences which, by contrast, apply at product level. The second source of bias is that the literature does not deal with the main econometric issues which are likely to be present when a gravity equation is estimated. This paper discusses the first problem using evidence based on three levels of data aggregation (total exports, total agricultural exports and 2-digit). Furthermore, the estimation methods take into account the unobservable country heterogeneity as well as the endogeneity of trade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7294

ANALYZING VERTICAL MARKET STRUCTURE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TRADE LIBERALIZATION AND MARKET ACCESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sexton,   Richard J.; Sheldon,   Ian M.; McCorriston,   Steve; Wang,   Humei.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14600

Angola’s Macroeconomy and Agricultural Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyle,   Steven C.
This paper discusses the effects of Angola’s mineral wealth on the process of agricultural development. Though Angola has a rich agricultural resource base its history of civil war and extreme real exchange rate distortions has resulted in agricultural stagnation through many parts of the country. Though the security situation is now much improved, current high oil prices along with oil output increases mean that pressures on the real exchange rate will remain a fact of life for the foreseeable future.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57043

Animal Disease and the Industrialization of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Wang,   Tong.
The industrialization of animal agriculture has fundamentally transformed animal health markets while animal health innovations have promoted this industrialization. The subtlety of these interactions shows how little we know about agricultural industrialization. To illustrate, we consider three stylized features of industrialized animal agriculture. These are the closing off of production activities from external effects, emphasis on control, and use of biosecurity measures. We find that animal disease externalities should lead to higher stocking on any given farm, and also to deficient entry into animal production. Eradicating the disease in a region increases both the stocking rate per farm and the number of farms. We show that antibiotics as a control...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Animal disease; Biosecurity; Biotechnology; Competitiveness; Confined animal agriculture; Economies of scale; Tragedy of the commons; Veterinary inputs.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93673

ANIMAL HEALTH AND THE ROLE OF COMMUNITIES: AN EXAMPLE OF TRYPANASOMOSIS CONTROL OPTIONS IN UGANDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; McDermott,   John; Coleman,   Paul.
In many African countries, governments are re-thinking the role of the state in centrally providing certain goods and services. The rights and responsibilities for providing various public goods are being decentralized to lower levels of government administration, and/or being devolved directly to local citizens or user groups themselves. It is thus critical to ask: under what circumstances will local groups provide the socially optimal level of the public good? In this paper, we apply this question to the case of controlling an important vector-borne livestock disease in Uganda, trypanosomosis, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly. We investigate the underlying epidemiology of transmission and different options for control, and the implications for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Goods; Collective Action; Vector-Borne Disease; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16114

Animal Health Economics. What Can It Do? What Are the Big Questions?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
It is argued that while considerable development of animal health economics has occurred in recent decades, it has not yet achieved its potential coverage. It has been mostly applied to livestock, particularly livestock used for commerce, and its application to a range of other animals has been relatively neglected. Extending its coverage also requires widening the type of objectives taken into account in the analysis. Furthermore, the main focus of animal health economics has been on the economics of controlling and managing the occurrence of diseases. The economic role of genetics, the environment, nutrition and the comfort of animals in their health ought to be given greater attention. In the case of zoonoses, the economic analysis should be extended to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Animal health economics; Diseases; Health economics; Information economics; Precautionary principle; Public economics; Zoonoses; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Public Economics; I10; Q19.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97472

Animal Health Policy and Practice: Scaling-up Community-based Animal Health Systems, Lessons from Human Health
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Riviere-Cinnamond,   Ana.
In an extensive literature review, the author develops policy recommendations to facilitate scaling up community-based animal health systems to the national level. Noting that human and animal health services in rural areas have much in common, and that an extensive literature studies policy regarding primary healthcare for humans exists, she surveys that literature for observations and conclusions applicable to policy analysis of primary animal healthcare. She notes differences in the history and development of the two delivery systems. The push for human health services came with a worldwide initiative agreed at a high level in 1978. Health for All was set out as a moral imperative, and programmes have been strongly top-down. Delivery of animal health...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23775

ANIMAL WELFARE AND ECONOMIC OPTIMISATION OF FARROWING SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vosough Ahmadi,   Bouda; Baxter,   Emma M.; Stott,   Alistair W.; Lawrence,   Alistair; Edwards,   Sandra.
5
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Alternative housing systems; Animal welfare; Economic optimisation; Farrowing systems; Pig.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61124

ANIMAL WELFARE VERIFICATION IN CANADA: A DISCUSSION PAPER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayer,   Holly.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18123

ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.; Creed,   Nancy.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11780

ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.; Creed,   Nancy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11784

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF AFRICAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48553

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF ASIAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48524

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN EUROPE’S TRANSITION ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Croser,   Johanna L.; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48555

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Croser,   Johanna L.; Jara,   Esteban; Nelgen,   Signe; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48632

ANNUAL ESTIMATES OF LATIN AMERICAN DISTORTIONS TO AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Kurzweil,   Marianne; Jara,   Esteban; Croser,   Johanna L.; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48525

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1931
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1932
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13103

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1932
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1933
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13107

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1933
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1934
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13112

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1934
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1935
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13119

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1935
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 1936
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13095

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1936
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1937
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13105

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1937
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1938
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13118

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE FOR FARMERS IN SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA FOR THE YEAR 1938
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranney,   W.P.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1939
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13109

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1939
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1940
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13104

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1940
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1941
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13121

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1941
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Toben,   G.E.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1942
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13111

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1942
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Toben,   G.E.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1943
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13106

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1943
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1944
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13122

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1944
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1945
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13120

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1945
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1946
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13098

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1946
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.; Olson,   Russell O.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1947
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13115

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1947
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1948
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13096

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1948
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1949
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13125

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1949
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.; Stanton,   Bernard F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1950
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13093

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1950
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.; Tyvand,   J.A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1951
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13124

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1951
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Routhe,   H.G.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1952
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13110

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1940
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.; Toben,   G.E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1941
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13097

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1941
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Toben,   G.E.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1942
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13113

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1942
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Toben,   G.E.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1943
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13101

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1943
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1944
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13100

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1944
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1945
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13108

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1945
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1946
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13099

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1946
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1947
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13094

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1947
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.; Vanvig,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1948
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13117

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1948
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1949
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13123

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1949
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.; Stanton,   Bernard F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1950
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13114

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1950
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Pond,   George A.; Tyvand,   J.A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1951
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13102

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SOUTHWESTERN MINNESOTA FARM MANAGEMENT SERVICE 1951
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Routhe,   H.G.; Pond,   George A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1952
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13116

ANNUAL REPORT ON COTTON ECONOMICS RESEARCH 1999/00
Provedor de dados: 31
This report summarizes the activities and accomplishments in Cotton Economics Research during 1999/00, which is conducted within the Cotton Economics Research Institute at Texas Tech University.  Many of the accomplishments summarized in this report would not have been possible without the financial support from the Texas Legislature through Texas Tech University and the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.  Further, the able guidance of the Cotton Economics Research Advisory Committee continues to be a strong asset for our research program.  The Committee represents industry segments as well as academic and government, and the members assist with keeping the program focused on issues relevant to the cotton industry and in the management...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31253

ANNUAL REPORT ON COTTON ECONOMICS RESEARCH 2000/2001
Provedor de dados: 31
This report summarizes the activities and accomplishments in Cotton Economics Research, which is conducted within the Cotton Economics Research Institute at Texas Tech University, during the 2000-2001 year.  Of the $132,415 internal funding for the last year, $104,437 (79%) was allocated for student assistantships and faculty salaries, and $27,978 (21%) for maintenance and operation (supplies, travel, equipment, etc.). A total of 5 research projects were funded with the Applied Economics Research Funds for last year.  Another 19 externally-funded projects were managed during the same time period.  Each of the projects, both internally and externally funded, is summarized in the attached progress reports (Appendix B).  These research activities covered...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31252

Annual Report on Cotton Economics Research 2001/02
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ethridge,   Don E.; Wheeler,   Julie.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31244

Annual Report on Cotton Economics Research 2002/03
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lovelace,   Lauren; Ethridge,   Don E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31243

ANNUAL REPORT ON COTTON ECONOMICS RESEARCH PROGRAM 1997/98
Provedor de dados: 31
Funding from the Texas Legislature provides the base of support for the Cotton Economics Research Program at Texas Tech University.  This funding, while not the major source of funds, is critical to the program because it gives the means to leverage faculty and student time and secure funding from industry and government sources.  With this support, Texas Tech has built, and continues to build, a center of excellence in cotton economics research that is valuable to the State of Texas and the Texas cotton industry. The overall program is administered by the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, through the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics.  A Cotton Economics Research Institute was approved in 1997/98, and is being...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31247

Another Look at Economies of Size Studies in Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jensen,   Harald R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8482

ANOTHER LOOK AT THE INCOME ELASTICITY OF NON-POINT SOURCE AIR POLLUTANTS: A SEMIPARAMETRIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Nilanjana; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In this paper, a semiparametric model is used to examine the relationship between pollution and income for three non-point source pollutants. Statistical tests reject the quadratic specification in favor of the semiparametric model in all cases. However, the results do not support the inverted-U hypothesis for the pollution-income relationship.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18167

Antarctic tourism: Environmental concerns and the importance of Antarctica's natural attractions for tourists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article provides general background on the development of tourism in Antarctica and environmental concerns raised by it. However, the major part of it reports on and interprets the results from a survey of tourists visiting Antarctica on a cruise ship. Particular attention is given to the socioeconomic profiles of these tourists, their stated level of knowledge of Antarctica before and after their visit, the relative importance to these visitors of seeing different species of Antarctic wildlife and whether or not the opportunity of seeing Antarctic wildlife was of critical importance for their decision to visit Antarctica. The relative valuation by the sampled tourist of features of their Antarctic cruise is explored along with changes in their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Antarctica’s natural attractions; Cruise ships in Antarctica; Environmental conservation in Antarctica; Tourism in Antarctica; Wildlife conservation in Antarctica.; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; L83; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97469

Antarctic Tourists: A Case Study of Their Evaluation of Antarctic Wildlife and Environmental Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Kriwoken,   Lorne.
Reports the results of surveys of Antarctic cruise ship passengers on the ‘Akademik Ioffe’ who undertook their Antarctic journey in January 2003.  The prime purposes of the surveys were to determine the socio-economic profile of these travellers, evaluate the importance of Antarctic wildlife for their travel, their attitude to Antarctic wildlife conservation as well as environmental issues involving Antarctica, both prior to their tourist visit to Antarctica and following it.  This paper reports on the socio-economic profile of respondents, their willingness to pay for their Antarctic trip, and their knowledge of Antarctica.  The comparative importance of Antarctic wildlife as a factor motivating respondents to undertake their journey is assessed and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctic wildlife conservation; Environmental issues; Willingness to pay; Antarctica; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48980

Antarctic Tourists, Wildlife and the Environment: Attractions and Reactions to Antarctica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Provides background on the development and nature of Antarctic tourism and associated environmental issues, as well as agreements and regulations affecting environmental management in Antarctica.  Following an outline of the survey methodology and provision of information on the socioeconomic profiles of the respondents, results of a survey of Antarctic tourists on the Russian registered ship the ‘Akademik Ioffe’ are reported.  The importance of Antarctic wildlife as an attraction for these Antarctic tourists is then given particular attention.  The study considers amongst other things how important Antarctic wildlife was in convincing these tourists to undertake their trip to Antarctica, the importance to the tourists of seeing different species of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Tourism; Wildlife; Antarctic Treaty; Madrid Protocol; Environmental protection.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51295

ANTHROPAGENIC AND NATURAL DETERMINANTS OF THE POPULATION OF A SENSITIVE SPECIES: SAGE GROUSE IN NEVADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.; Eiswerth,   Mark E.
This paper uses Nevada data to conduct regression analyses of the relationship between sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population sizes and potential causal factors. This is policy-relevant because of current petitions for listing this species under the Endangered Species Act. A key feature is that, although monitoring of sage grouse has occurred for many decades, data collection methods and level of monitoring effort have not been consistent. To account for this feature we use, as dependent variables, standardized measures such as population counts and harvest (hunting success) per unit of effort. Preliminary findings suggest that such measures have been particularly sensitive to whether or not humans used strychnine for predator control, with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18163

(Anti-) Coordination in Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kovarik,   Jaromir; Mengel,   Friederike; Romero,   Jose Gabriel.
We study (anti-) coordination problems in networks in a laboratory experiment. Partici- pants interact with their neighbours in a fixed network to play a bilateral (anti-) coordination game. Our main treatment variable is the extent to which players are heterogeneous in the number of connections (neighbors) they have. Other network characteristics are held constant across treatments. We find the following results. Heterogeneity in the number of connections dramatically improves the rate of successful coordination. In addition, even though there is a multiplicity of Nash equilibria theoretically, a very sharp selection is observed empirically: the most connected player can impose her preferred Nash equilibrium almost always and observed Nash equilibria are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Game Theory; Networks; Coordination Problems; Experiments; Risk and Uncertainty; C72; C90; C91; D85.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61370

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA: A LEGACY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, POLICY FAILURE, AND COASTAL DECLINE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Albuquerque,   Klaus; McElroy,   Jerome L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11913

Antitrust Analysis of Supermarket Retailing: Common Global Concerns that Play Out in Local Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.
This paper reviews the basic antitrust standards for the supermarket industry including definition of product and geographic markets and the exercise of coordinated and unilateral market power. It surveys the structure-conduct-performance and the New Empirical Industrial Organization literature to highlight alternative tests for supermarket power. The focus is a supermarket chain’s ability to exercise buyer as well as seller power. Recent research on vertical pricing topics including noncompetitive pricing games, double marginalization, private labels, vertical foreclosure, vertical price leadership and price transmission expand the analysis to market channel pricing issues. The availability of comprehensive scanner data, new economic theory and extensive...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market definition; Market power; Nash Bertrand conduct; Manufacturer Stackelberg conduct; Price cost margin; Market concentration; Price transmission rate; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25184

ANTITRUST DAMAGE THEORY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Dale C.
The law of judicial remedies deals with the nature and scope of relief afforded a plaintiff following appropriate court procedures and after establishment of a substantive right. These remedies usually fall in one of four categories: (1) damages, (2) restitution, (3) coercion and (4) declaration. This presentation will deal principally with the damages remedy, but a few thoughts regarding the use of a restitutionary remedy are introduced toward the end of these remarks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14103

Anuário Estatístico Do Sima 2000-2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdula,   Danilo Carimo.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56056

APEX ORGANIZATIONS AND THE GROWTH OF MICROFINANCE IN BOLIVIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Navajas,   Sergio; Schreiner,   Mark.
Bolivia has the most advanced microfinance sector in Latin America and has been a model worldwide. Apex banks—banks that lend to banks—have not been responsible for this success. Apex banks can provide funds for retail microfinance organizations, and/or strengthen their organizational development. The existing apex has done little market development. It has provided some liquidity to microfinance organizations, but it has not played an indispensable role. The various apexes planned for the future are unneeded. In fact, they may disincentive deposit mobilization and create an unfair playing field and thus hurt microfinance in Bolivia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28324

Apples and Oranges: Problems in the Analysis of Comparative Regulatory Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minogue,   Martin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30589

APPLICATION OF INPUT-OUTPUT METHODOLOGY FOR LOCAL COMMUNITY IMPACT ANALYSIS: SWINE PRODUCTION IN REDWOOD COUNTY, MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jahae,   Ilona A.M.A.; van Staalduinen,   Lanie C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13668

Applications of Relations and Graphs to Coalition Formation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berghammer,   Rudolf; Rusinowska,   Agnieszka; de Swart,   Harrie.
A stable government is by definition not dominated by any other government. However, it may happen that all governments are dominated. In graph-theoretic terms this means that the dominance graph does not possess a source. In this paper we are able to deal with this case by a clever combination of notions from different fields, such as relational algebra, graph theory, social choice and bargaining theory, and by using the computer support system RelView for computing solutions and visualizing the results. Using relational algorithms, in such a case we break all cycles in each initial strongly connected component by removing the vertices in an appropriate minimum feedback vertex set. So, we can choose an un-dominated government. To achieve unique solutions,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12162

Applied Welfare Analysis with Qualitative Response Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7160

APPLYING BIOSOLIDS: ISSUES FOR VIRGINIA AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Faulkner,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14854

APPLYING FUZZY THEORY CONCEPTS TO THE ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT DIVERSIFICATION OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritzsch,   Jana.
The Deliverable 7.2 (D7.2) of the SCARLED project provides methodological considerations for applying fuzzy set theory to the analysis of employment diversification of farm households. It presents a Mamdani's type fuzzy inference model and describes its application within the project's framework. The model consists of ten variables that are grouped into the four factors: (i) necessity to diversify, (ii) internal preconditions, (iii) external preconditions, and (iv) attitudes. The coherence of these four factors with the integrated framework for the analysis of nonfarm rural employment is discussed. The model will be realised in the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox from MATLAB®. Forty four membership functions and 138 rules are going to be implemented, tested, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91953

Applying Multifunctionality to U.S. Farm Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freshwater,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31985

APPRAISAL COMMENTS ON TAX INCREMENT FINANCING EFFEVTIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF EVALUATING IOWA TAX POLICY ALTERNATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edelman,   Mark A.
In recent weeks several Iowa policymakers, leaders, and citizens have become interested in proposals involving significant policy reforms and tax increment financing.  Much of the discussion is based on the results of a single study based on aggregate approaches that were never designed for the context of evaluating policy alternatives. At the request of several leaders, provided herein is a limited appraisal of the context and content of the study, 'Do Tax Increment Finance Districts Spur Social and Economic Growth?'  (Revised 3/6/03)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18203

APPROACH C: CHANGING CONSUMER PREFERENCES THROUGH PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wood,   Garland P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1958
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17894

Approaches and frameworks for management and research in small-scale fisheries in the developing world
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andrew,   Neil; Evans,   Louisa.
Commonly adopted approaches to managing small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in developing countries do not ensure sustainability. Progress is impeded by a gap between innovative SSF research and slower-moving SSF management. The paper aims to bridge the gap by showing that the three primary bases of SSF management--ecosystem, stakeholders’ rights and resilience--are mutually consistent and complementary. It nominates the ecosystem approach as an appropriate starting point because it is established in national and international law and policy. Within this approach, the emerging resilience perspective and associated concepts of adaptive management and institutional learning can move management beyond traditional control and resource-use optimization, which largely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Fishery management; Artisanal fishing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53029

APPROACHES TO IMPROVING THE DELIVERY OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berry,   Chris; Forder,   Ali; Sultan,   Sonya; Moreno-Torres,   Magui.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12823

Approche méthodologique. Analyse de la compétitivité et l'évolution des avantages comparatifs dans la sous-région.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diallo,   Boubacar Cisse; Crawford,   Eric W.; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mali; Food security; Rice; Maize; West Africa; Competivity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Q12; Q18; Q17; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58550

APPROPRIATE REGULATION OR MOTHERING US INTO MEDIOCRITY? THE CASE OF LOW-CARBOHYDRATE FOOD PRODUCTS LABELING REGULATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mussell,   Al; Brethour,   Cher; Martin,   Larry J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18129

APPROPRIATE REMEDIES FOR NON-TRADE CONCERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12888

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Contents:  Overview, by Per Pinstrup-Andersen; Farmer-based agroecological technology, by Jules Pretty; Conventional research-based technology, by Prabhu L. Pingali; Modern biotechnology, by Calestous Juma; Modern technology for African agriculture, by Jennifer Thomson; Information and communications technologies, by Nuimuddin Chowdhury; GIS, GPS, and remote sensing, by Uwe Deichmann and Stanley Wood; Alternative energy sources, by R.K. Pachauri and Pooja Mehrota; Food irradiation, by Morton Satin
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16030

APPROXIMATION APPROACHES TO PROBABILISTIC CHOICE SET MODELS FOR LARGE CHOICE SET DATA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuriyama,   Koichi; Hanemann,   W. Michael; Pendleton,   Linwood.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Random utility model; Travel cost method; Recreation; Environmental valuation; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q26.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6867

Aquaculture Economics and Marketing: An Overview
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture economics; Marketing; Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48733

Aquaculture, Environmental Spillovers and Sustainable Developments: Links and Policy Choices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Although aquaculture has been practised for many centuries, it was in the past on quite a modest scale and limited to a few species e.g. carp. However, in recent decades, aquaculture has shown very rapid expansion. This is partly because catches of wild fish have expanded at a slower rate than demand and many new scientific and technological advances have been made in aquaculture. Furthermore, by the mid-1990s evidence available to scientists indicated that catches of wild fish had either reached, nearly reached or even exceeded their sustainable limits (Williams, 1997). Consequently, according to Meryl Williams (1997, p.18), Director of ICLARM, now “aquaculture is the major, though not sole hope, for improving the world’s fish production”. Aquaculture,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Environmental Spillovers; Sustainable Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48383

Arbeitsmarktverhalten und Leistungsfahigkeit Hamburger Betriebe: Auswertung des IAB-Betriebspanels fur Hamburg 2001
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borrmann,   Christine; Keller,   Dietmar.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26086

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND: PRICE FIXER TO THE WORLD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
Both market structure and corporate practices of Archer Daniels Midland fostered the implementation of the largest price- fixing conspiracies seen in modern times.  These events have spurred renewed attention by U.S. antitrust authorities in prosecuting international cartels.  The overcharges imposed on buyers of lysine and citric acid during 1994-1995 by ADM and its co-conspirators amounted to at least $200 million, and the total amount of public penalties, private damages, and legal costs exceeds $500 million. Perpetrators of price-fixing now face monetary exposures that are five times the amount of the harm caused to buyers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price fixing; Lysine; Citric acid; Sweeteners; Wet-corn milling; Starch industry; Archer Daniels Midland; Market structure; Monopoly overcharge; Antitrust law; Legal damages; U.S. Department of Justice; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28653

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND: PRICE FIXER TO THE WORLD  (Third Edition)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
Both market structure and corporate practices of Archer Daniels Midland fostered the implementation of the largest price-fixing conspiracies seen in modern times. The overcharges imposed on U.S. buyers of lysine and citric acid during 1994-1995 by ADM and its co-conspirators amounted to at least $250 million, and the total amount of public penalties, private damages, and legal costs exceeds $740 million.  Perpetrators of price-fixing now face monetary exposures that are five times the amount of the harm caused to buyers.  These events have spurred renewed attention by U.S. antitrust authorities in prosecuting international cartels.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price fixing; Lysine; Citric acid; Sweeteners; Wet-corn milling; Starch industry; Archer Daniels Midland; Market structure; Monopoly overcharge; Antitrust law; Legal damages; U.S. Department of Justice; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28680

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND: PRICE-FIXER TO THE WORLD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
Both market structure and corporate practices of Archer Daniels Midland fostered the implementation of the largest price-fixing conspiracies seen in modern times. The overcharges imposed on U.S. buyers of lysine and citric acid during 1994-1995 by ADM and its co-conspirators amounted to at least $250 million, and the total amount of public penalties, private damages, and legal costs exceeds $666 million.  Perpetrators of price-fixing now face monetary exposures that are five times the amount of the harm caused to buyers.  These events have spurred renewed attention by U.S. antitrust authorities in prosecuting international cartels.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28664

Are Academics Messy? Testing the Broken Windows Theory with a Field Experiment in the Work Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ramos,   Joao; Torgler,   Benno.
We study the broken windows theory with a field experiment in a shared area of a workplace in academia (department common room). We explore academics’ and postgraduate students’ behaviour under an order condition (clean environment) and a disorder condition (messy environment). We find strong support that signs of disorderly behaviour triggers littering. In the disorder treatment 59% of the subjects litter compared to 18% in the order condition. The results remain robust when controlling compared to previous studies for a large set of factors in a multivariate analysis. When academic staff members and postgraduate students observe that others violated the social norm of keeping the common room clean the probability of littering increases ceteris paribus by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Broken Windows Theory; Field Experiment; Littering; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Z130; C930; K420.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94623

ARE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION FACULTY SALARIES COMPETITIVELY OR MONOPSONISTICALLY DETERMINED?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Bailey,   DeeVon.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28370

Are Agricultural PACs Monolithic? An Empirical Investigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bond,   Craig A.; Hoag,   Dana L.; Freeborn,   Jennifer; Van Doren,   Terry.
This paper analyzes donation strategies of agricultural PACs by examining and testing a variety of variables theoretically related to contributions and formally testing for equivalence of donation strategies across PACs of varying levels of aggregation. Both chambers of the 108th Congress were modeled, with particular attention paid to the targeting of different power or influence sources within the legislature. Results showed significant heterogeneity across PAC subaggregates within a chamber, as well as between chambers, in terms of overall strategy and magnitude of marginal impacts. Evidence supporting the conditional party government hypothesis where PACs target top Party officials rather than influential legislative members was mixed and subindustry...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Monolithic Behavior; Political Action Committee; Political Donation Strategies; Tobit model; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108718

Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners’ Decisions to Create Carbon Forest Sinks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines the effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes, and potential costs of sequestering carbon through afforestation in western Canada. Using data from a survey of landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of landowners’ participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative benefits to landowners from planting trees, benefits not captured by foregone returns from agricultural activities on marginal land. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone returns, but even so average costs of creating carbon credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to accept compensation for tree planting; Afforestation; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37017

ARE ALL TAXES EQUALLY BAD?  HOW REDUCING IOWA'S SALES TAX COULD SAVE IOWANS MORE THAN $100 MILLION PER YEAR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapan,   Harvey E.; Moschini,   GianCarlo; Caruth,   Brad.
Under current U.S. law, taxpayers can deduct up to 100 percent of their state income taxes from their adjusted gross income when calculating their federal income taxes. As a result, Iowans currently pay approximately $251 million less to the federal government than they would otherwise pay. There is, however, no equivalent stipulation allowing for the deduction of state sales taxes. Consequently, by eliminating the sales tax and replacing the lost revenue with an income-based tax, Iowans could save a substantial amount of money on their federal tax returns without any change in revenue for the Iowa government. Alternatively, by replacing the sales tax with an income-based tax, the State of Iowa could increase its tax revenue without increasing the total...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Federal itemized deductions; Income tax; Sales tax; State budget; Tax policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18452

ARE DETERMINANTS OF RURAL AND URBAN FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS DIFFERENT? SOME INSIGHTS FROM MOZAMBIQUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   James L.; Ruel,   Marie T.
Undernutrition of children 0-60 months old in Mozambique is much higher in rural than in urban areas. Food security is about the same, although substantial regional differences exist. Given these outcomes, we hypothesized that the determinants of food security and nutritional status in rural and urban areas of Mozambique would differ as well. Yet we find that the determinants of food insecurity and malnutrition, and the magnitudes of their effects, are very nearly the same. The difference in observed outcomes appears primarily due to differences in the levels of critical determinants rather than in the nature of the determinants themselves.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94520

Are Eco-Labels Valuable? Evidence from the Apparel Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nimon,   R. Wesley; Beghin,   John C.
Using U.S. apparel catalogue data, we estimate hedonic price functions to identify market valuation of environmental attributes of apparel goods. We identify a significant and robust premium for the organic fibers embodied in the apparel goods. We also find a discount for the "no-dye" label. We do not, however, find any evidence of a premium for environment-friendly dyes. We further investigate the pricing behavior of apparel suppliers for potential heterogenous pricing of the organic-fiber attribute and find no evidence of different premia across firms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eco-labels; Organic-cotton apparel; Dyes; Hedonic price; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; L81; L67.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18417

Are Emissions Permits Regressive?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
Grandfathered emissions permits redistribute income to wealthy households by creating firm rents that ultimately accrue to shareholders. Consequently, they can be highly regressive, even if the poor do not have large budget shares for polluting goods. Using an analytical model, this paper estimates the burden borne by different income groups when emissions permits are used to control power plant emissions of carbon, SO2, and NOx. We also compare the burden borne by poor households under permits with that under emissions taxes, performance standards, technology mandates, and input taxes. And we show how the social costs of policies differ from efficiency costs when society has aversion to inequality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equity effects; Pollution controls; Emissions permits; Social welfare function; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; H22; H23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10523

ARE EXPERIENCE AND SCHOOLING COMPLEMENTARY? EVIDENCE FROM MIGRANTS' ASSIMILATION IN THE BANGKOK LABOR MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamauchi,   Futoshi.
This paper models the assimilation process of migrants and shows evidence of the complementarity between their destination experience and upon-arrival human capital. Bayesian learning and dynamics of matching are modeled and empirically assessed, using panel data of wages from the Bangkok labor market in Thailand. The analysis incorporates (1) the heterogeneity of technologies and products, characteristic of urban labor markets, (2) imperfect information on migrants' types and skill demanded in the markets, and (3) migrants' optimal learning over time. Returns to destination experience emerge endogenously. Estimation results, which control migrants' selectivity by first-differencing procedures, show that (1) schooling returns are lower for migrants than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16385

ARE EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAMS EFFECTIVE? IMPACTS OF A PROGRAM TO ASSIST LIMITED RESOURCE AND SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akobundu,   Eberechukwu; Essel,   Albert E.; Norton,   George W.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14834

Are Farmers of the Middle Distinctively “Good Stewards?” Evidence from the Missouri Farm Poll, 2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.; Hendrickson,   Mary K.
In this paper we consider the question of whether middle-scale farmers, which we define as producers generating between $100,000 and $250,000 in sales annually, are better agricultural stewards than small and large-scale producers. Our study is motivated by the argument of some commentators that farmers of this class ought to be protected in part because of the unique attitudes and values they possess regarding what constitutes a “good farmer”. We present results of a survey of Missouri farmers designed to assess farmer attitudes and values regarding a variety of indicators of farmer stewardship, such as the most important issues in agriculture, environment and treatment of farm animals, perspectives on the past and future of agriculture, and ethical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmers of the middle; Good farmer; Agrarianism; Farmer attitudes and values; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92623

ARE HAPPY PEOPLE ETHICAL PEOPLE? EVIDENCE FROM NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: James,   Harvey S., Jr.; Chymis,   Athanasios G.
We examine empirically the relationship between happiness and the ethical decisions of individuals. We use data from the 1995-97 wave of the World Values Survey (WVS) to test the hypothesis that the relationship between happiness and ethics is bicausal in the sense that personal ethics affects one's happiness while happiness also affects ethical preferences and proclivities. We find that happiness increases in ethical proclivities and that greater happiness results in improved ethical judgments, after correcting for bicausality and controlling for income and other factors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26034

Are Hedonic Second-Stage Characteristic Demand Reflective of Actual Characteristic Demands?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parcell,   Joseph L.; Stiegert,   Kyle W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat protein; Hedonic modeling; Rosen methodology; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92885

Are Higher 529 College Savings Plan Fees Linked to Greater State Tax Incentives?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogan,   Vicki.
Despite the fact that 529 College Savings Plans have existed for over a decade, there has been limited scholarly attention on investment questions related to this savings vehicle. In some of the first academic literature on this topic, Alexander and Luna (Supplement 2005) identified a surprising relationship between 529 College Savings Plan participation and plan fees. They found a positive relationship between participation rates and fees. While they link this counterintuitive result to plan marketing efforts by brokers, I propose an alternative view. In my data which covers a five year time span, I find no significant relationship between participation rates and fees. However, when investigating the tax incidence with respect to 529 plans, I find a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: 529 College Savings Plan; State tax rate; Financial Economics; G10; G11; H24; I22.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51127

Are Horticultural Exports a Replicable Success Story? Evidence from Kenya and Côte d'Ivoire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas; Ngigi,   Margaret.
Kenyan horticultural exports are often cited as a success story in African agriculture. Fruit and vegetable exports from Côte d’Ivoire have received less attention, but the export value is similar to that of Kenya. This paper focuses on three questions. First, do the horticultural sectors of Kenya and Côte d’Ivoire constitute valid success stories? Second, what factors have contributed to the success (or lack thereof)? And third, to what degree can the success be replicated in other African countries? The paper finds that Kenyan horticultural exports are indeed a success story: horticulture has become the third largest earner of foreign exchange, more than half the exports are produced by smallholders, and smallholders gain from producing for the export...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Horticulture; Exports; Kenya; Côte d’Ivoire; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60330

Are Hospitals Seasonally Inefficient? Evidence from Washington State Hospitals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Friesner,   Daniel L.; McPherson,   Matthew Q.; Rosenman,   Robert.
Efficiency measurement has been one of the most extensively explored areas of health services research over the past two decades. Despite this attention, few studies have examined whether a provider’s efficiency varies on a monthly, quarterly or other, sub-annual basis. This paper presents an empirical study that looks for evidence of seasonal inefficiency. Using a quarterly panel of general, acute-care hospitals from Washington State, we find that hospital efficiency does vary over time; however, the nature of this dynamic inefficiency depends on the type of efficiency being measured. Our results suggest that technical and cost efficiency vary by quarter. Allocative and scale efficiency also vary on a quarterly basis, but only if the data are jointly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Seasonality; Efficiency; Hospitals; Data envelopment analysis; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12957

Are Household Production Decisions Cooperative? Evidence on Pastoral Migration and Milk Sales from Northern Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doss,   Cheryl R.; McPeak,   John G.
Market-based development efforts frequently create opportunities to generate income from goods previously produced and consumed within the household. Production within the household is often characterized by a gender and age division of labor. Market development efforts to improve well being may lead to unanticipated outcomes if household production decisions are non-cooperative. We develop and test models of household decision-making to investigate intra-household decision making in a nomadic pastoral setting from Kenya. Our results suggest that household decisions are contested, with husbands using migration decisions to resist wives’ ability to market milk.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Intrahousehold decision-making; Household production; Kenya; Consumer/Household Economics; D13; O12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28460

ARE LARGE FARMS MORE EFFICIENT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Peterson,   Willis L.
Accurate estimates of returns to scale require that inputs and output are measured without error and that environmental and managerial differences among firms of varying sizes are taken into account.  Measurement problems affecting estimates of returns to scale in agriculture include: (1) combining the farm dwelling with capital inputs, (2) correlation of environmental and management characteristics with size and (3) the effect of off-farm employment on small farm output and production costs.  Estimates of long run average total cost curves for farms in the corn belt reveal that after the above factors are taken into account, estimated scale economies in agriculture disappear, while there is evidence of diseconomies as farm size increases.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13411

Are Loan Deficiency Payments Too Low in Iowa?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Kaus,   Phillip J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18283

ARE LOG MARKETS COMPETITIVE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADA-U.S. TRADE IN SOFTWOOD LUMBER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under the U.S. Department of Commerce’s ‘changed circumstances’ review, it is possible that the countervail duty on Canadian lumber can be lowered if administered stumpage prices are based on transaction evidence appraisal – on actual auction data and regression analysis. The Province of British Columbia is implementing such a marketbased approach to set stumpage fees, relying on timber auction data from the Small Business Forest Enterprise Program (SBFEP) and OLS regression. We employ SBFEP data to estimate a truncated regression model, comparing our estimates of stumpage fees with the OLS results. It turns out that the OLS approach is biased and likely results in overestimates of stumpage in some timber stands and underestimates in others. Further, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18164

ARE NEIGHBORS EQUAL?  ESTIMATING LOCAL INEQUALITY IN THREE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbers,   Chris; Lanjouw,   Peter; Mistiaen,   Johan A.; Ozler,   Berk; Simler,   Kenneth R.
A methodology to produce disaggregated estimates of inequality is implemented in three developing countries: Ecuador, Madagascar, and Mozambique. These inequality estimates are decomposed into progressively more disaggregated spatial units and the results in all three countries are suggestive that even at a very high level of spatial disaggregation, the contribution of within-community inequality to overall inequality remains very high. The results also indicate there is a considerable amount of variation across communities in all three countries. The basic correlates of local-level inequality are explored, and it is consistently found that geographic characteristics are strongly correlated with inequality, even after controlling for demographic and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16411

ARE POOR FARMERS TO BLAME FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION? RESULTS FROM THE PERUVIAN ALTIPLANO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Quiroz,   Roberto.
Links between poverty and natural resource degradation are examined in the context of soil erosion, fertility loss and overgrazing in the Peruvian Altiplano.  Multiple regression analysis of 1999 farm survey data examines 1) what agricultural practices affect natural resource degradation, and then 2) what factors affect farmers' choices of those agricultural practices.  Soil erosion and fertility loss appear reduced by increased fallow in crop rotations.  Overgrazing and range species loss are affected by changes in herd size and rotational grazing.  The effect of investment poverty on natural resource outcomes is not clear.  However, social and human capital variables both tend to favor the choice of more sustainable agricultural practices.  Natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11627

Are poor, remote areas left behind in agricultural development: the case of Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Minot,   Nicholas.
In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but that the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested empirically. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, between 1991 and 2003, a period of extensive economic reforms, the overall rate of poverty fell about 9 percentage points. The degree of poverty reduction was similar between rural and urban areas,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tanzania; Poverty; Market access; Agricultural development; Rural areas; Economic reform; Measurement; Rural poverty; International Development; I32; O18; O55; Q13; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59829

Are Preferences for Environmental Quality Sensitive to Financial Funding Schemes? Evidence from a Marine Restoration Programme in the Black Sea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Remoundou,   Kyriaki; Koundouri,   Phoebe; Adaman,   Fikret; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper uses a non-market valuation study to elicit consumers’ preferences for a marine restoration programme in the Black Sea aiming to reduce the level of public health risk from bathing and improve water quality and the overall level of marine biodiversity. In this context, we administer a stated choice experiment in coastal settlements in Ukraine and Turkey and employ two tax revenue reallocation schemes as payment vehicles. One proposes the financing of the marine restoration programme by the reduction of the public budget for renewable energy and the second by the reduction of the public budget on training for civil servants. We examine the stated preferences and the subsequently derived economic value estimates in the two treatments with the aim...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-Market Valuation; Stated Choice Experiment; Payment Vehicle; Tax Revenues Reallocation; Marine Resources; Black Sea; Marine Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q22; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108204

Are Reforms From a Centrally Planned to a Market System Bad for Health?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suhrcke,   Marc.
Alerted by the dramatic mortality increase in Russia after the onset of transition, and inspired by Sen (1997) to interpret mortality as an indicator of economic performance, mortality data is used as the benchmark, by which to judge the success or failure of transition in Central and Eastern Europe. In particular, it is examined whether reforms from a centrally planned to a market system did have a detrimental effect on health during transition, as it has allegedly been the case in Russia. Controlling for other determinants of health such as GDP growth and health provision, the hypothesis that reforms are bad for health cannot be supported. Instead, good reforms do have a beneficial effect, quite independently of GDP growth. In the 23 countries examined...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26142

Are Restaurants Really Supersizing America?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Michael L.; Matsa,   David A.
Replaced with revised version Feb. 24, 2010.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of regulation; Health production; Obesity; Fat tax; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D12; H25; I12; I18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37652

Are Returns to Public Investment Lower in Less-favored Rural Areas?: An Empirical Analysis of India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
Developing countries allocate scarce government funds to investments in rural areas to achieve the twin goals of agricultural growth and poverty alleviation. Choices have to be made between different types of investments, especially infrastructure, human capital and agricultural research, and between different types of agricultural regions, e.g., irrigated and high- and low-potential rainfed areas. This paper develops an econometric approach and provides empirical evidence on the impact of government investments in rural India using district-level data. While irrigated areas played a key role in agricultural growth during the Green Revolution era, our results show that it is now the rainfed areas, including many less-favored areas that offer the most...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42828

ARE SOUTH AFRICAN CO-OPERATIVES CREATING VALUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   John H.; Geyser,   J.M.
This article examines the use of Economic Value Added (EVA) as a performance measure that South African wine co-operatives can use to determine whether value has been created for members.  A detailed explanation of EVA is given, and the components of EVA are calculated.  The EVA's of a number of co-operatives have been calculated and analysed.  In addition the EVA of specific types of co-operatives indicate that the fruit and vegetable sector is a constant value creator.  It is clear that in order to create value, the rate of return on invested capital must be greater than the cost of capital. Certain co-operatives and types of co-operatives provided the blue print for this.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic value added; Agricultural cooperatives; Value; Economic model; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18058

Are Standards Always Protectionist?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marette,   Stephan; Beghin,   John C.
We analyze the effects of a domestic standard that reduces an externality associated with the consumption of the good targeted by the standard, using a model in which foreign and domestic producers compete in the domestic good market. Producers can reduce expected damage associated with the externality by incurring a cost that varies by source of origin. Despite potential protectionism, the standard is useful in correcting the consumption externality in the domestic country. Protectionism occurs when the welfare-maximizing domestic standard is higher than the international standard maximizing welfare inclusive of foreign profits. The standard is actually anti-protectionist when foreign producers are much more efficient at addressing the externality than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Externality; Nontariff barriers; Protectionism; Safety; Standard; Tariff equivalent; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10007

Are Staple Foods Becoming More Expensive For Urban Consumers In Eastern And Southern Africa? Trends in Food Prices, Marketing Margins, and Wage Rates in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Nicole M.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Donovan,   Cynthia; Chapoto,   Antony.
The world food and financial crises threaten to undermine the real incomes of urban consumers in eastern and southern Africa. This study investigates patterns in staple food prices, wage rates, and marketing margins for urban consumers in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia between 1993 and 2009. There is high correlation among wage rate series for various government and private sector categories. We find that average formal sector wages rose at a faster rate than retail maize meal and bread prices in urban Kenya and Zambia between the mid-1990s and 2007. Although the 2007/08 food price crisis partially reversed this trend, the quantities of staple foods affordable per daily wage in urban Kenya and Zambia during the 2008/09 marketing season were still...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Agriculture; Food security; Prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53451

ARE THE EFFECTS OF THE MACROECONOMY AND SOCIAL POLICIES ON POVERTY DIFFERENT IN RURAL AMERICA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gundersen,   Craig.
The macroeconomy and social policies can have substantial influences on poverty in the United States. In this paper, I investigate whether these influences differ across metro and nonmetro areas. To do so, using a 16-year panel of state-level data, I estimate state and year fixed effects models separately for metro and nonmetro areas to see if the effects of the macroeconomy and social policies differ between these two areas. These models are estimated using two measures– the poverty rate and the squared poverty gap – and by family type. I find that cyclical forces have a much stronger effect on the poverty rate in nonmetro areas in comparison to metro areas but the effects are similar for the squared poverty gap; wage growth has a pronounced effect on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18909

ARE THE WELFARE LOSSES FROM IMPERFECT TARGETING IMPORTANT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel; Coady,   David P.
We evaluate the size of the welfare losses from using alternative “imperfect” welfare indicators as substitutes for the conventionally preferred consumption indicator. We find that whereas the undercoverage and leakage welfare indices always suggest substantial losses, and the poverty indices suggest substantial losses for the worst performing indices, our preferred welfare index based on standard welfare theory suggests much smaller welfare losses. We also find that we cannot reject the hypothesis that the welfare losses associated with using the better performing alternative indicators are zero. In the case of our preferred welfare index, this reflects the fact that most of the targeting errors, i.e., exclusion and inclusion errors, are highly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16448

ARE THERE COMMUNITIES OF WELFARE RECIPIENTS? LOOKING FOR RURAL URBAN DIFFERENCES IN THE DURATION ON AFDC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hirasuna,   Donald P.; Stinson,   Thomas F.
This paper reports the results of regressions on the probability of exiting AFDC based on an administrative data set of Minnesota families.  The results find significant differences between recipients in urban, rural farming-dependent and other rural counties.  These differences remain even after accounting for the demographic composition of the counties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13818

Are there customary rights to plants? An inquiry among the Baganda (Uganda), with special attention to gender
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Patricia L.; Nabanoga,   Gorettie.
Debates around Common Property Resources and Intellectual Property Rights fail to consider traditional and indigenous rights regimes that regulate plant resource exploitation, establish bundles of powers and obligations for heterogeneous groups of users, and create differential entitlements to benefits that are related to social structures. Such rights regimes are important to maintaining biodiversity and to human welfare; failing to recognize them presents dangers. The case study investigates the gendered nature of informal rights to selected tree and plant species that are distinct from, but related to, customary rights to land and trees, and are embedded in cosmology and social norms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Property Resources; Intellectual Property Rights; Plant resources; Gender; Africa; Uganda; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50033

Are tourists rational? Destination decisions and other results from a survey of visitors to a North Queensland natural site - Jourama Falls
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper reports on and interprets the results of a survey of visitors to the Jourama Falls Section of the Paluma Range National Park located in Northern Queensland. It reports, amongst other things, on how much knowledge visitors to the site had about it before their visit, the procedures they adopted in deciding to visit it and how generally they go about deciding to visit tourist sites when on holidays. The results are consistent with those predicted by theories of bounded rationality and behavioural economics. Information is also provided on the value visitors placed on attractions at the Jourama Falls sites, their attitudes to the private supply of tourist/visitor services and facilities in national parks, the importance of wildlife as an attraction...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Austrian School of Economics; Behavioural economics; Bounded rationality; Camping procedures; Decisions to visit tourist attractions; Entrance fee to national parks; Jourama Falls; Mahogany glider; Mental accounting; National parks; Neoclassical economics; Paluma Range national park; Private versus public supply of facilities; Proximity effect; Transaction cost theory; Wildlife valuation; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; L83; Q00; Q26; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90878

Are Two Economic Instruments Better Than One? Combining Taxes and Quotas under Political Lobbying
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finkelshtain,   Israel; Kan,   Iddo; Kislev,   Yoav.
Direct commands, market based, or combined, whichever is the government's mean of intervention, is expected to raise political lobbying and pressure. This study offers a political-economic model of an industry, which is regulated by an integrated system of both direct and market based policies. The model is used for a normative theoretical analysis and as a basis for a structural econometric framework. Exploiting a unique data set that describes the regulations of irrigation water in Israel during the mid eighties by means of quotas and prices, the political and technological parameters of the model are structurally estimated and used to assess the relative efficiency of quotas, prices and integrated regulation regimes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Natural Resources; Water; Political Economy; D72.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93133

ARE URBAN POVERTY AND UNDERNUTRITION GROWING? SOME NEWLY ASSEMBLED EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haddad,   Lawrence James; Ruel,   Marie T.; Garrett,   James L.
The population of the developing world is becoming more urban. Are poverty and undernutrition beginning to relocate to urban areas as well? We use survey data on poverty (from 8 countries) and on child undernutrition (from 14 countries) to address this question. Using data from the past 15-20 years, we find that in a majority of countries the absolute number of poor and undernourished individuals living in urban areas has increased, as has the share of poverty and undernourishment coming from urban areas. Given these trends and the current stock of knowledge as to the levels, determinants, and solutions to urban poverty and undernutrition, we argue for more research on these issues.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94522

ARE U.S. CONSUMERS TOLERANT OF GM FOODS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rousu,   Matthew C.; Huffman,   Wallace E.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
Genetically modified (GM) foods have caused many controversies.  One important controversy relates to tolerance - the impurity rate that is tolerated before a commodity must be labeled as genetically modified.  Currently, the United States does not have a specific tolerance or threshold level for GM foods.  This paper uses experimental auctions to determine consumers' acceptance of non-GM foods with zero, 1 percent, and 5 percent tolerance for genetically modified material.  Our results indicate that consumers would pay less for food that tolerates GM material, but the discount is not significantly different for foods with 1-percent and 5-percent GM content.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified (GM) foods; Contamination thresholds; Laboratory auctions; Nth-price auction; Vegetable oil; Tortilla chips; Russet potatoes; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18227

Are U.S. Corn and Soybeans Becoming More Drought Tolerant?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Tian; Babcock,   Bruce A.
An objective drought index that measures the dry and hot conditions adversely affecting crop yields is used in a regression analysis to test whether corn and soybeans have become more drought tolerant. Results indicate that corn yield losses, whether measured in quantity terms or as a percentage of mean yield, have decreased. The null hypothesis that the absolute level of soybean yield losses due to drought has not changed cannot be rejected. But yield losses in percentage terms have decreased over time. Because drought is the primary cause of yield loss in the U.S. crop insurance program and because U.S. crop insurance rates assume that percentage of yield losses are constant over time, these results indicate that U.S. crop insurance rates in the Corn...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corn; Crop insurance rates; Drought tolerance; Soybean; Yield risk; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54147

ARE WE STILL INVESTING IN SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE: PERCEPTIONS, EVIDENCE AND ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esterhuizen,   Dirk; van Rooyen,   C.J.; Doyer,   Ockert T.
In this paper the question of investment in the South African agro-food and fibre complex is explored.  The analysis is based on empirical values and opinions/perceptions from ±400 agribusinesses operating in this complex.  From the analysis it is clear that decisions to invest in the agro-food and fibre complex in South Africa must be viewed as on "knife-edge".  A range of recommendations and policy options will be required to activate investment drivers and to address constraints in order to stimulate investment and to achieve growth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18087

ARE WEALTH TRANSFERS BIASED AGAINST GIRLS? GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LAND INHERITANCE AND SCHOOLING INVESTMENT IN GHANA'S WESTERN REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Payongayong,   Ellen M.; Otsuka,   Keijiro.
This study attempts to analyze changing patterns of land transfers and schooling investments by gender over three generations in customary land areas of Ghana's Western Region. Although traditional matrilineal inheritance rules deny landownership rights to women, women have increasingly acquired land through gifts and other means, thereby reducing the gender gap in landownership. The gender gap in schooling has also declined significantly, though it persists. We attribute such changes to the increase in women's bargaining power due to an agricultural technology that increased the demand for women's labor, contributing to the reduction of "social" discrimination as well as weak "parental" discrimination.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Property rights; Land inheritance; Agricultural growth; West Africa; Africa south of Sahara; Wealth transfers; Gender; Ghana; Education; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60311

ARE WINE CO-OPERATIVES CREATING VALUE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   John H.; Geyser,   J.M.
This article examines the introduction of Economic Value Added (EVA) as a performance measure that South African wine co-operatives can use to determine whether value has been created for members.  A detailed explanation of EVA is given, and the components of EVA are calculated.  The EVA's of a number of co-operatives have been calculated and analysed.  Important trends have been identified.  Recommendations have been made based on the conclusions drawn from these results.  Finally, opportunities for potential improvement that could arise from using EVA as a performance measure in wine co-operatives are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18031

ARE WOMEN OVERREPRESENTED AMONG THE POOR? AN ANALYSIS OF POVERTY IN TEN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Haddad,   Lawrence James; Pena,   Christine.
This paper presents new evidence on the proportion of women in poverty in ten developing countries. It compares poverty measures for males and females and male- and female-headed households, and investigates the sensitivity of these measures to the use of per-capita and per-adult equivalent units and different definitions of the poverty line. While poverty measures are higher for female-headed households and for females, the differences are significant in only a fifth to a third of the datasets. Due to their low population share, the contribution of female-headed households to aggregate poverty is less than that of females. Stochastic dominance analysis reveals that differences between male- and female-headed households, and between males and females, are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16439

Are Workers' Enterprises Entry Policies Conventional
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moretto,   Michele; Rossini,   Gianpaolo.
One of the main reasons why workers’ enterprises (WE) still represent a relevant chunk of the economy may lie in some affinities with conventional profit maximizing firms. To prove this, we compare the entry policies of WEs and conventional firms when they can decide size at entry while having to stick to it afterwards. Even though short run differences remain, a long run coincidence appears besides that under certainty. Endogenizing size and time of entry in an uncertain dynamic environment we see that WEs enter at the same trigger and size of conventional firms. Both of them wait less and choose a dimension larger than the minimum efficient scale. This may be another way to explain why WE are still an important share of the economy (Hesse and Cihàk,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9334

Are You SURE You Want to Waste Policy Chances? Waste Generation, Landfill Diversion and Environmental Policy Effectiveness in the EU15
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iafolla,   Valentina; Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Nicolli,   Francesco.
We empirically test delinking of waste dynamics with regard to economic growth and the effectiveness of environmental and specific waste-related policies, by exploiting a newly constructed, integrated waste-economic-policy dataset based on official data for the EU15 for 1995-2007. We find that absolute delinking for waste generation is far from being achieved in the EU despite fairly stringent and longstanding policy commitment that goes back to the mid 1990s, but which however is biased towards waste management and waste disposal rather than waste prevention. Policy as well as country structural factors seem to impact instead on landfill diversion. Nevertheless, country heterogeneity matters: SURE based analyses show that EU average figures often hide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste Generation; Landfill Diversion; SUR; EU Waste Policy; Environmental Policy; Delinking; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91010

Áreas monetárias ótimas: desenvolvimentos recentes e perspectivas para os países do MERCOSUL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coronel,   Daniel Arruda; Amorim,   Airton Lopes; Campos,   Antonio Carvalho.
This paper consists of a review of the most important contributions to the understanding of the Optimum Currency Areas (OMA) and on the perspective of implementing such a policy measure into Mercosur. The theoretical support was obtained from reference studies on the European common currency which established the guidelines for the creation of the Euro zone. The findings on the literature review point out that a successful process of macroeconomic coordination is crucial for the implementation of a common currency area. Therefore, before engaging in a process of establishing a common currency area, Mercosur´s members must adopt supranational macroeconomic policy measures that would align their economies to reach stabilization in a regional context.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Otimum Currency Areas; Macroeconomic Coordination; Mercosur; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58670

AREAS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE: A LITERATURE SEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Walsh,   Marie E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14076

Area-Wide Management of Fruit-Flies: What are the Costs and the Benefits?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Florec,   Veronique; Sadler,   Rohan; White,   Benedict.
Increasing volumes and speed of agricultural trade and the opening of new markets for agricultural products create greater challenges to systems established to protect countries from invasive organisms that can be harmful to human and animal health, crops and natural environments. In reaction to the threat of exotic pests and diseases, the World Trade Organization recognises the right of country members to protect themselves from the risks posed by exotic pests and diseases through the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures. One possible response from exporting countries facing SPS trade barriers is to obtain pest-free area (PFA) certification. While large benefits can potentially be achieved from greater access to world markets through...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Eradication; Surveillance; Queensland Fruit Fly; Area-Wide Management of Pests; Pestfree area; Invasive species; Biosecurity; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; Q1; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100881

Arm's-Length Transactions as a Source of Incomplete Cross-Border Transmission: the Case of Autos
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hellerstein,   Rebecca; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
A growing share of international trade occurs through intra-firm transactions, transactions between domestic and foreign subsidiaries of a multinational firm. The difficulties associated with writing and enforcing a vertical contract compound when a product must cross a national border, and may explain the high rate of multinational trade across such borders. We show that this common crossborder organization of the firm may have implications for the well-documented incomplete transmission of shocks across such borders. We present new evidence of a positive relationship between an industry's share of multinational trade and its rate of exchange-rate pass-through to prices. We then develop a structural econometric model with both manufacturers and retailers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cross-border transmission: Multinationals; Arm's-length transactions; Real exchange rates; Exchange-rate pass-through; Vertical contracts; Autos; International Relations/Trade; F14; F3; F4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7196

ARPA Subsidies, Unit Choice, and Reform of the U.S. Crop Insurance Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hart,   Chad E.
The Agricultural Risk Protection Act (ARPA) has largely met its objectives of inducing farmers to increase their use of the crop insurance program. Both insured acreage and coverage levels have increased dramatically in response to ARPA's large increase in premium subsidies. An unintended consequence of the larger subsidies is a dramatic increase in the incentive for farmers to insure their crops under optional units, that is, insurance at the field level rather than at the farm or crop level. The expected rate of return to farmers who choose to invest additional premium dollars to move to optional unit coverage ranges from a low of 61 percent at the 85 percent coverage level to 144 percent at the 65 percent coverage level. This explains why the majority...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Risk Protection Act (ARPA); Crop insurance; Optional units; Crop Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18297

Arthur Lewis' Contribution to Development Thinking and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ranis,   Gustav.
Arthur Lewis’ seminal 1954 paper and its emphasis on dualism appeared at a time when neither the work of Keynes or Harrod-Domar nor the later neoclassical production function of Solow seemed relevant for developing countries. As a consequence, his model, rooted in the classical tradition, plus its many extensions, generated an extensive literature at the center of development theory. The approach also encountered increasingly strong criticism, some of the “red herring” variety, but some, spearheaded by neoclassical microeconomists like Rosenzweig, also raised serious challenges, focused especially on its labor market assumptions. This paper reviews this landscape and asks what theoretical or policy relevance the Lewis model retains for today’s developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Development theory; Dualism; Labor markets; International Development; O11.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28410

Article 82 EC – The Problems and The Solution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lang,   John T.
The Commission's Guidance paper on exclusionary abuse under Article 82 EC is open to three fundamental criticisms.  First, it leads to less legal certainty, because the rules suggested are vague and imprecise, because dominant companies will not have the information needed to apply them, and because the Commission is trying to change the law, which it has no power to do. Second, it would lead to some anticompetitive effects, because in practice it discourages price competition, by discouraging individualised price negotiations and retroactive rebates, and by suggesting that the Commission will protect not-yet-as-efficient competitors from price competition. Third, it leads to too many "false positives", i.e., findings of exclusionary abuse that are not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Article 82EC; Competition; Abuse; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; K21.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54282

Asian Elephants as Agricultural Pests: Damages, Economics of Control and Compensation in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Despite growing attention to crop and property damage caused by the Asian elephant, uncertainty exists about the magnitude of this problem. This paper explores the nature and magnitude of this problem of Sri Lanka. An economic analysis of individual farmers’ decisions to control elephants is provided. Government policies to assist farmers to cope with the elephant pest problem are assessed. Appropriate compensation schemes for farmers are seen as potentially more effective for conserving elephants in Sri Lanka than legal prohibitions on killing of elephants. Issues raised have wider relevance than merely to Sri Lanka or Asian elephants.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Elephant pest problem; Sri Lanka; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48735

Asian-driven Resource Booms in Africa: Rethinking the Impacts on Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Breisinger,   Clemens; Thurlow,   James.
Today’s resource boom in Africa, driven by Asian economic growth, offers new opportunities for resource-rich African countries. Contrary to the experience of previous booms, however, most mining profits now accrue to foreign companies, leaving little room for governments to use revenues for pro-poor investments or to mitigate adverse distributional impacts. Taking Zambia as a case study, this paper shows that despite privatization, Dutch disease remains a valid concern and may hamper economic diversification, worsen income distribution, and undermine poverty reduction strategies. Mining royalties must, therefore, be increased and used to finance growth-inducing investments that encourage pro-poor economic diversification, else many African countries will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dutch disease; Resource booms; Privatization; Income distribution; Africa; Zambia; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42351

Asia's Livestock Industries: Changes and Environmental Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Asia’s livestock populations and production of edible livestock have risen substantially in recent years. Asia has increased its global share of livestock and livestock products. Furthermore, it has greatly increased its involvement in world trade in edible livestock products, e.g., exports of poultry meat and pig meat and imports of bovine meat and milk products. This article highlights these changes focussing on China, considers the reasons for these and their possible consequences for the environment. Future possible threats to Asia’s export of livestock products are also discussed, such as environmental and animal welfare concerns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54347

Asistencia docente y rendimiento escolar: el caso del Programa META
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cueto,   Santiago; Torero,   Maximo; Deustua,   Juan Leon y Jose.
A mediados del 2003 el Ministerio de Educación inició un programa piloto cuyo objetivo fue incrementar la asistencia diaria y la permanencia en clase de los docentes a través de un sistema de incentivos para los maestros en algunas zonas rurales del Perú. Los docentes que lograran la META (nombre con el que fue rebautizado el programa Mejor Educación a través de más Tiempo en el Aula el 2004) recibirían un incentivo monetario. El programa fue continuado durante el año 2004, pero además de la asistencia docente, se recogieron datos sobre el rendimiento de los estudiantes en comprensión de lectura y matemática (las pruebas fueron administradas a inicios y fin del año escolar, de modo que se pudiera estimar el crecimiento en rendimiento). El estudio encontró...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Docentes; Rendimiento escolar; Teachers; Academic achievement; Peru; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; I21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45861

Ask a Hypothetical Question, Get a Valuable Answer?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azevedo,   Christopher D.; Herriges,   Joseph A.; Kling,   Catherine L.
This paper models the recreation demand for Iowa wetlands, combining survey data on both actual usage patterns (i.e., revealed preferences) and anticipated changes to those patterns under hypothetical increases in trip costs (i.e., stated preferences). We formulate and test specific hypotheses concerning potential sources of bias in each data type. We consistently reject consistency between the two data sources, both in terms of implied wetland values and underlying preference parameters. Careful attention is paid to the interpretations of the test results, noting particularly how the interpretation of the same results can vary with the "school of thought" of the reader.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Revealed preference; Stated preference; Recreation; Wetlands; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18418

ASPECTS OF THE COOPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN NORTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Donald G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13750

Aspekte einer Reform des Stabilitats - und Wachstumspakts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinert,   Gunter.
Der Stabilitats- und Wachstumspakt ist in den vergangenen Jahren von einer zunehmenden Zahl von Landern verletzt worden. Dies deutet auf Mangel in der Gestaltung bzw. in der Umsetzung des Pakts hin. Kritisiert wird insbesondere das zentrale Kriterium für eine nachhaltige Finanzpolitik, eine für alle Länder einheitliche Obergrenze von 3 % für die gesamtstaatliche Defizitquote, nicht zuletzt wegen der damit verbundenen Asymmetrie. Zugleich wurden zahlreiche Alternativen vorgeschlagen: eine Orientierung der Finanzpolitik an den gesamtstaatlichen Schulden, am strukturellen Budgetsaldo, mit oder ohne besondere Berücksichtigung der öffentlichen Investitionen, sowie an einem für die mittlere Frist festgelegten linearen Pfad für die öffentlichen Ausgaben. Die...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fiscal policy; Budget deficit; Public debt; Financial Economics; E62; H62; H63.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26246

ASSESSING AND ATTRIBUTING THE BENEFITS FROM VARIETAL IMPROVEMENT RESEARCH: EVIDENCE FROM EMBRAPA, BRAZIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pardey,   Philip G.; Alston,   Julian M.; Chan-Kang,   Connie; Magalhaes,   Eduardo Castelo; Vosti,   Stephen A.
In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&amp;D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&amp;D spending, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&amp;D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16103

ASSESSING CARE: PROGRESS TOWARDS THE MEASUREMENT OF SELECTED CHILDCARE AND FEEDING PRACTICES, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arimond,   Mary; Ruel,   Marie T.
The role of care as a critical influence on child nutrition, health, and development has received increasing attention in the last decade. While the role of care has been well elaborated at a conceptual level, we still lack simple, valid, and reliable tools to measure many aspects of care. In this review, experience with the measurement of selected childcare and feeding practices is summarized and implications for programs are discussed. Hygiene practices The use of interviews and recall methods is discouraged for the measurement of hygiene practices because research has shown that responses tend to be biased towards overreporting of “good” practices. Observational methods are therefore the method of choice, but they are subject to problems of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16432

Assessing China’s Energy Conservation and Carbon Intensity: How Will the Future Differ from the Past?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
As an important step towards building a “harmonious society” through “scientific development”, China has incorporated for the first time in its five-year economic plan an energy input indicator as a constraint. While it achieved a quadrupling of its GDP while cutting its energy intensity by about three quarters between 1980 and 2000, China has had limited success in achieving its own 20% energy-saving goal set for 2010 to date. Despite this great challenge at home, just prior to the Copenhagen climate summit, China pledged to cut its carbon intensity by 40-45% by 2020 relative its 2005 levels to help to reach an international climate change agreement at Copenhagen or beyond. This raises the issue of whether such a pledge is ambitious or just represents...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Carbon Intensity; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Climate Commitments; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92837

Assessing Consumers' Valuation of Cosmetically Damaged Apples Using a Mixed Probit Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yue,   Chengyan; Jensen,   Helen H.; Mueller,   Daren S.; Nonnecke,   Gail R.; Gleason,   Mark L.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/18/06.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Apples; Sooty blotch and flyspeck; Organic; Cosmetic damage; Willingness to buy; Mixed probit model; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18483

ASSESSING DOMESTIC SUPPORT PROVISIONS OF THE 2003 DRAFT TEXTS IN WTO AGRICULTURE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brink,   Lars.
The Doha Development Round of trade negotiations in the WTO aims to achieve substantial reductions in trade-distorting domestic support. The Harbinson draft modalities were tabled in March 2003, followed by less detailed draft framework texts for modalities before and during the Cancún meeting in September 2003. The framework texts introduce new provisions not present in the Harbinson modalities or in earlier proposals, modify some provisions and eliminate others. The Harbinson modalities and the five 2003 framework texts (EC-US, del Castillo, G-21, Derbez, and G-21) show differences and similarities and show how certain provisions evolved over time in, e.g., the green box, the blue and revised blue box, deminimis, AMS and Total AMS commitments, and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14609

ASSESSING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS IN NORTHEAST MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.
This report presents a framework for assessing regional development options in which alternative futures for northeast Minnesota are first delineated. Regional development goals, objectives, and options emerge from an economic strategy process in which the regional implications of individual development options are derived with the help of a new computer-based capability for simulating alternative regional futures. A tourism/recreation development option is selected, finally, for evaluation of its regional economic impact.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13766

ASSESSING ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT USING ECONOMIC SURPLUS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
This paper outlines the economic surplus approach to economic impact assessment and how it may be applied to natural resource management (NRM) projects.  Three challenges confront NRM impact assessment: measurement, attribution, and valuation of non-market impacts.  While various methods for non-market valuation have been developed, none has yet been integrated into a market-based economic surplus analysis due to problems of measurement and theoretical consistency.  Future research should address those integration problems as well as the effects on valuation of inter-country income differentials.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11668

Assessing Environmental Regulatory Arrangements for Aquaculture
Provedor de dados: 31
'Assessing Environmental Regulatory Arrangements for Aquaculture', was released on 10 February 2004. The paper reviews existing planning and environmental regulatory arrangements for aquaculture in Australia. It reveals significant differences in the way that aquaculture is regulated and administered across states. The regulations and their jurisdictional differences have implications for both the management of aquaculture and the efficiency of resource allocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31905

Assessing Euro-Med Trade Preferences: The Case of Entry Price Reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garcia Alvarez-Coque,   Jose-Maria; Martinez-Gomez,   Victor.
The EU protects some of its fruits and vegetables through the entry price system. This system is implemented for “sensitive” products which often are important for the exports of Southern Mediterranean Countries (SMC) such as tomatoes, cucumbers, artichokes, courgettes, peaches and citrus fruits. In many cases, the system applies on a seasonal basis, remaining the protection for a part of the year through the “usual” tariff system. In some cases, SMC have agreed a reduction of the entry price applied for their exports to the EU. In this paper, we show a new indicator to gauge the gains accrued to the SMC in these cases and apply it to the case of Moroccan clementines.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7293

ASSESSING FOOD PRODUCTION POTENTIALS IN THE FINAL STATE OF STATIONARY POPULATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Adolf.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13347

ASSESSING IMPACTS OF DECLINES IN THE WORLD PRICE OF TOBACCO ON CHINA, MALAWI, TURKEY AND ZIMBABWE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Robinson,   Sherman; Thomas,   Marcelle; Wobst,   Peter.
This study quantitatively analyzes the general equilibrium effects of declines in world demand for tobacco products. The study finds that tobacco exports and production in the three developing countries, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Turkey, would be badly hit if world tobacco prices fall due to the decline in tobacco demand. Moreover, for a given decrease in the world tobacco price, the more important the tobacco sector is in an economy, the worse the tobacco sector is hit. Tobacco is quite important to the Malawian and Zimbabwean economies as tobacco production and trade accounted for, respectively, 17% and 43% of agricultural GDP and tobacco exports accounted for 50% and 35% of national exports in these two countries. The negative effects of a decline in world...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16273

ASSESSING IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLE: AN ECONOMIC EXAMINATION OF SUBSISTENCE RESOURCE USE AND VALUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dosman,   Donna; Haener,   Michel K.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Marois,   Juanita; Boxall,   Peter C.
The report describes the research design, data collection and preliminary analysis of an economic assessment of non-timber resource use by Aboriginal People in Northwest Saskatchewan.  The project is designed to develop methods of valuing resource use by Aboriginal People so that these values can be incorporated into forest resource management decisions and to evaluate the impact of forest management actions on the economic well-being of Aboriginal People living in the region.  Data on non-timber resource use are collected and spatially explicit economic models are developed in order to construct estimates of behavioral change and value associated with changes in the environment and landscape (through forestry, access, or other landscape changes).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24034

ASSESSING KOSOVO'S HORTICULTURAL POTENTIAL – THE MARKET FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES ON THE BALKANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian.
Kosovo had been a net exporter – at least of some – fruit and vegetables in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia before the civil war. Current reconstruction efforts therefore focus on restoring the past horticultural potential of the now independent province. This paper analyses the competitiveness of the Kosovar fruit and vegetable sector. By calculating average net trade flows during 1996-2000 for more than 20 individual fruit and vegetables and seven aggregates, demand potentials for the Balkan regional market are identified for potatoes, lettuce, garlic, dried beans and pears. In addition, average export unit values are calculated as price proxies in order to assess export price competitiveness in the region. While demand potentials for locally...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kosovo; Balkans; Horticulture; Market analysis; Export potential; Agriculture in international trade; Agricultural and natural resource economies; Aggregate supply and demand analysis; Prices; Marktanalyse; Nachfragepotential; Internationaler Agrar-handel; Agrar- und Ressourcenökonomie; Analysen des aggregierten Ange-bots und der aggegrierten Nachfrage; Preise.; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; D 40; F 14; O 52; Q 00; Q 11; Q 17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92025

ASSESSING KOSOVO'S HORTICULTURAL POTENTIAL - THE MARKET FOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLES ON THE BALKANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Christian.
SUMMARY Kosovo had been a net exporter – at least of some – fruit and vegetables in the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia before the civil war. Current reconstruction efforts therefore focus on restoring the past horticultural potential of the now independent province. This paper analyses the competitiveness of the Kosovar fruit and vegetable sector. By calculating average net trade flows during 1996-2000 for more than 20 individual fruit and vegetables and seven ag-gregates, demand potentials for the Balkan regional market are identified for potatoes, lettuce, garlic, dried beans and pears. In addition, average export unit values are calculated as price proxies in order to assess export price competitiveness in the region. While demand potentials for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kosovo; Balkans; Horticulture; Market analysis; Export potential; Agriculture in international trade; Agricultural and natural resource economies; Aggregate supply and demand analysis; Prices; Kosovo; Balkan; Marktanalyse; Nachfragepotential; Internationaler Agrar-handel; Agrar- und Ressourcenökonomie; Analysen des aggregierten Ange-bots und der aggegrierten Nachfrage; Preise; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; D40; F14; O52; Q00; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14931

Assessing Market Access: Do Developing Countries Really Get a Preferential Treatment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antimiani,   Alessandro; Conforti,   Piero; Salvatici,   Luca.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18870

Assessing Model Assumptions in Trade Liberalization Modeling: An Application to SWOPSIM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Herlihy,   Michael; Haley,   Stephen L.; Johnston,   Brian G.
This report reviews research on the effectiveness of acreage reduction programs and describes the methodology developed for the Static World Policy Simulation (SWOPSIM) modeling framework to capture the effect of removing these programs. It also analyzes the results of several sensitivity tests of a SWOPSIM model used by the Economic Research Service to study the effects of agricultural trade liberalization. Assumptions concerning how U.S. acreage reduction programs are modeled significantly influence predictions as to how trade liberalization affects commodity prices, production, and trade. However, these assumptions do not significantly influence predictions of how trade liberalization affects producer welfare. In terms of trade liberalization analysis,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Acreage reduction programs; Slippage; Deficiency payments; Economic model; Trade liberalization; Supply elasticity; SWOPSIK; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51134

Assessing Opportunities, Challenges, and the Future Role of the U.S. Crop Input Dealer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whipker,   Linda D.; Akridge,   Jay T.; Joshua,   James D.
Distribution channels for crop production chemicals, fertilizers and seed are involved in a significant transition.  Though the two endpoints of the channel remain the manufacturer and grower, many more options are evolving for transferring products, services, and information through the channel.  Traditionally, the retail dealer was the pivot point in moving products, services, and information through the channel but as changes have occurred in the industry, and with technology, that role is evolving.   Some of the factors driving change in the distribution channel for crop inputs include: • Competition, as new intermediaries enter the marketplace (consultants, brokers, wholesalers, large growers);   • Consolidation, at all levels of the distribution...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28662

Assessing Sustainability: Some Conceptual and Empirical Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Toman,   Michael; Lile,   Ronald D.; King,   Dennis M.
In this paper we address two related conceptual and practical challenges in assessing "sustainability." The first is the criteria to be used, in particular the relationship between sustainability and measures of economic well-being and the use of monetary versus nonmonetary indicators. The second is the problem of determining which physical scales to use for sustainability assessments when there are multiple and overlapping "communities" or stakeholder groups. While neither set of challenges admits a definitive solution, there has been progress on the first set of issues - in particular, through the development of multicriteria assessment strategies and stakeholder involvement processes. In contrast, the problem of how to assess sustainability in practice...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Integrated assessment; Environmental indicators; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; R19; D57.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10756

ASSESSING THE 2002 PROPOSALS OF THE UNITED STATES, CANADA AND THE CAIRNS GROUP FOR THE WTO DISCIPLINE ON DOMESTIC SUPPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brink,   Lars.
The United States, Canada and the Cairns Group proposed disciplines on distorting domestic support in agriculture at the WTO Committee on Agriculture in July and September 2002. This paper assesses the key features of the 2002 proposals: green box provisions, blue box provisions, de minimis exemptions, the starting point for reductions, the nature of the reduction commitment, the depth of cuts, the implementation period for cuts, down payments, overall caps, and special and differential treatment of developing countries. The maximum distorting support (the sum of the maximum de minimis support and any entitlement to AMS or Total AMS that remains after reduction) is calculated for the United States, the European Union, Brazil, and Canada, based on projected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14583

Assessing the 2003 CAP Reform: Sensitivity to the Decoupling of Agenda 2000 Direct Payments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gohin,   Alexandre.
The European Union decided in June 2003 a new reform of its farm policy with a new step toward the decoupling of farm income support instruments. Available impact studies find that this reform will reduce production incentives, substantially for beef and to a lesser extent for arable crops. All these studies assume that the Agenda 2000 arable crop direct payments are already mostly decoupled while beef premiums are much more linked to production. Our main objective in this paper is to test the sensitivity of these results to this questionable modelling of Agenda 2000 direct payments which neglects eligibility rules and land market imperfections. Our analysis reveals that the negative effects of the reform on both arable crop and beef production are not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common Agricultural Policy; Decoupling; Computable General Equilibrium; European Union.; International Relations/Trade; D57; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18868

Assessing the Adequacy of Diets: A Brief Commentary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriquiry,   Alicia L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18289

Assessing the Competitive Interaction Between Private Labels and National Brands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Putsis,   William P., Jr.; Dhar,   Ravi.
In contrast to single-equation cross-sectional studies of private label share, developing a complete understanding of the nature of the competitive interaction between national brands and private labels requires an understanding of the determinants of both demand and strategic pricing decisions by firms. Consequently, we estimate a simultaneous system of share and price for private labels and national brands. From the empirical results, two measures of market response are derived. The unilateral demand elasticity measures the pure “own” demand response, while the residual (or “total”) elasticity also captures the impact of competitive price reaction (Baker and Bresnahan 1985). When taken together, these provide important strategic insights into the pricing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition; Competitive strategy; Private labels; Pricing; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25177

ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INDIAN COTTON PRODUCTION: A POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fang,   Cheng; Chaudhary,   Jagadanand.
This paper uses a modified policy analysis matrix (PAM) approach to assess the efficiency of cotton production in five major producing states in India. The results indicate that cotton is not efficiently produced in the second-largest cotton-producing state in the country. Without government interventions in this state, it is likely that acreage will move away from cotton to more profitable crops such as sugarcane and groundnut. In addition, we conclude that cotton is not the most efficiently produced crop in the other four states; however, there is at least one crop in each state that is less efficiently produced than cotton. These findings suggest that Indian policies directed at maintaining the availability of cheap cotton for the handloom and textile...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18465

Assessing the Competitiveness of Indian Cotton Production: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohanty,   Samarendu; Fang,   Cheng; Chaudhary,   Jagadanand.
This paper uses a modified policy analysis matrix (PAM) approach to assess the efficiency of cotton production in five major producing states in India. The results indicate that cotton is not efficiently produced in the second largest cotton producing state in the country. Without government interventions, it is likely that acreage will move away from cotton to more profitable crops such as sugarcane and groundnut in this state. In addition, it is also concluded that cotton is not the most efficiently produced crop in the other four states; however, there is at least one crop in each state which is less efficiently produced than cotton. These findings suggest that Indian policies directed at maintaining the availability of cheap cotton for the handloom and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cotton; PAM; India; Efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53142

Assessing the Consequences of Natural Disasters on Production Networks: A Disaggregated Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henriet,   Fanny; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
This article proposes a framework to investigate the consequences of natural disasters. This framework is based on the disaggregation of Input-Output tables at the business level, through the representation of the regional economy as a network of production units. This framework accounts for (i) limits in business production capacity; (ii) forward propagations through input shortages; and (iii) backward propagations through decreases in demand. Adaptive behaviors are included, with the possibility for businesses to replace failed suppliers, entailing changes in the network structure. This framework suggests that disaster costs depend on the heterogeneity of losses and on the structure of the affected economic network. The model reproduces economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural disasters; Economic impacts; Economic Network; Production Economics; D20; Q54; R15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46657

Assessing the Constraints and Opportunities for Private-Sector Participation in Activities Implemented Jointly: Two Case Studies from the US Initiative for Joint Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.; Lile,   Ronald D.; Toman,   Michael.
This paper assesses the constraints and opportunities for private-sector participation in Activities Implemented Jointly under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. After some initial background, the discussion turns to the United States Initiative on Joint Implementation (USIJI) - its objectives, proposal review and evaluation criteria, and a classification of project proposals by project type and stage of development. Two USIJI projects are developed as case studies. One case is an energy end use project that has gained formal acceptance and financing. The other case is an energy production project proposal that has not secured acceptance or financing. In both cases, transaction costs were substantial, and project proponents regarded...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Joint implementation; Public Economics; Q28; F21.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10555

Assessing the Consumer Acceptance and Market Potential of Alternative Meats
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steiner,   Bodo E.; Srivastava,   Lorie; Gao,   Fei.
Introduction, project objectives and project background:  This initiative to this project, including the original project proposal, goes back to Professor Kevin Chen (he is no longer with the Department of Rural Economy). The project was initially scheduled to begin on 2004/05/01. When I took over this project and started to work as Principal Investigator on January 1, 2005, the following objectives were to be fulfilled (taken from Professor Kevin Chen's initial proposal): 1) Documentation of consumer awareness, attitude, and choice regarding alternative meats "At what level and to what extent are consumers aware of alternative meats?" What is consumer interest level in alternative meats and their willingness to change consumption behavior (i.e. how much...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7708

ASSESSING THE COSTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGES: A SITE-SPECIFIC, POLICY-SCALE MODELING APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   JunJie; Adams,   Richard M.; Kling,   Catherine L.; Tanaka,   Katsuya.
The growth in federal conservation programs has created a need for policy modeling frameworks capable of measuring micro-level behavioral responses and macro-level landscape changes. This paper presents an empirical model that predicts crop choices, crop rotations, and conservation tillage adoption as a function of conservation payment levels, profits, and other variables at more than 42,000 agricultural sites of the National Resource Inventory (NRI) in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. Predicted changes in crop choices and tillage practices are then fed into site-specific environmental production functions to determine changes in nitrate runoff and leaching and in water and wind erosion at each NRI site. This policy-scale model is applied to the case of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Conservation practices; Green payments; Land use changes; Nitrate runoff and leaching; Non-point pollution; Soil erosion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18475

Assessing the economic impact of redistributing water within a catchment: A case study of the Musi Catchment in the Krishna Basin in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davidson,   Brian; Hellegers,   Petra J.G.J.; Samad,   Madar.
The aim in this paper was to present the details of an economic modeling exercise conducted on the Musi Catchment of the Krishna Basin. The model has the unique characteristic of being able to value the water used on individual crops and in different regions. Thus, the individual values of water used to produce different crops, grown over two different seasons and over five very different regions within a catchment, were determined. This is a significant improvement over previous attempts, where a single value of water in a catchment was derived regardless of what it is used for, when it was used and where it used in the catchment. In addition to the agricultural valuation process, some account was made for the other uses of water and how they should be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic impact; Catchment areas; River basins; Models; Water allocation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91870

Assessing the Economic Impacts of Incorporating Romania's Agricultural and Food Sectors into EU's Customs Union: An Applied General Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
Join the European Union club implies, among many other policy changes, full integration of Romania's expected to have significant implications for domestic farmers and food processors. The paper constructs a single-country Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) model to investigate the impact of tariff border adjustments on changes in relative prices, production and trade patterns associated with fifteen local agro-food activities.  Moreover, the modeling work identifies those agro-food sectors that have the potential to benefit the most from EU enlargement in terms of output effects given that Romanian producers are capable of fully responding to the incentives provided with integration. These mainly include (bovine) live animals and meat products, sugar and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; Customs union; Agriculture; Romania; AGE modelling; Political Economy; D58; F15; 013.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30543

Assessing the Economic Impacts of Incorporating Romania's Agricultural and Food Sectors into EU's Customs Union: An Applied General Equilibrium Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scrieciu,   Silviu Serban.
Joining the European Union club implies, among many other policy changes, full integration of Romania's economy into EU's customs union. This is expected to have significant implications for domestic farmers and food processors. The paper constructs a single-country Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) model to investigate the impact of tariff border adjustments on changes in relative prices, production and trade patterns associated with fifteen local agro-food activities. Moreover, the modelling work identifies those agro-food sectors that have the potential to benefit the most from EU enlargement in terms of output effects given that Romanian producers are capable of fully responding to the incentives provided with integration. These mainly include (bovine)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; Customs union; Agriculture; Romania; AGE modelling; Political Economy; D58; F15; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30583

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: LESSONS FROM THE PAST, DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; Williams,   Mollie B.
This paper reviews the literature assessing the economic impacts of integrated pest management (IPM).  Definitions of IPM are categorized as input- or outcome-oriented, and an outcome- oriented definition is recommended for public program assessment.  The literature on economic impact assessment of IPM is divided according to focus on expected profit, profitability risk, environment, and health.  Measuring diverse impacts on the environment and health poses a challenge, as does placing a value on those impacts.  Evaluation of environment and health variables has been accomplished either by comparing individual attributes (multiple criteria approach) or else by constructing a weighted index (index approach), which may be measured in monetary or non-...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11636

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NEW OR RECENTLY EXPANDED MANUFACTURING AND EXPORTABLE SERVICE FIRMS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
This study examines the economic impacts that have resulted from new or recently expanded North Dakota firms in three sectors (agricultural processing, other manufacturing, and exportable services), addressing such dimensions as number of jobs created, compensation paid to employees, and the expenditures made to entities within the local area and elsewhere in the state.   Information was obtained from a questionnaire completed by 42 new or recently expanded firms.  The responding firms had added an average of 29 jobs from 1990 to 1996.  General labor was the job category accounting for the largest number of workers overall (52 percent), followed by skilled labor (16 percent) and management (12 percent).  About 65 percent of the firms' new jobs have been...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Economic impact; Job creation; Local hiring; Expenditures; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23248

ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
For almost half a century World War II and the Cold War provided the political and fiscal context  for public investment in science and technology. The report prepared by Vannevar Bush, Science: the Endless Frontier (1945), advanced an investment rationale for federal support of scientific research. In spite of pressure from Congress and the Office of the President the scientific community has resisted the development and application of operational economic criteria for the allocation of research resources.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13613

ASSESSING THE ECONOMICS OF FOOD SAFETY ACTIVITIES: STUDIES OF BEEF SLAUGHTER AND MEAT PROCESSING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hooker,   Neal H.; Nayga,   Rodolfo M., Jr.; Siebert,   John W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24003

ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF THE REFORM OF THE EU RICE COMMON MARKET ORGANISATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Conforti,   Piero.
The paper is aimed at assessing the effects of the reform of the Common Market Organisation for rice proposed by the EU Commission in 2000. AGLINK, the OECD partial model, is employed to simulate the effects for the EU as a whole, both in terms of deviations from the standard baseline, and from a modified baseline that includes indica and japonica rice as two different products. Results in terms of change in market prices are introduced as exogenous price shocks in a Positive Mathematical Programming Model, run for Italian rice-producing provinces on the basis of the Farm Accounting Data Network data, in order to assess the effects on local supply. Results indicate a fall in EU rice prices ranging from 15% to 25% as a consequence of the proposed reform,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14805

ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXCHANGE RATE-LINKED SUBSIDIES FOR NON-PRICE EXPORT PROMOTION:  THE CASE OF COTTON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paudel,   Laxmi; Adhikari,   Murali; Houston,   Jack E.; Kinnucan,   Henry W.
Notwithstanding  substantial federal financial support for the export promotion of agricultural products, ways to improve the efficiency of federal funding have not been discussed in empirical research. In this study, an equilibrium displacement framework was developed to evaluate whether the efficiency of export promotion expenditures could be increased by linking them with changes in the exchange rate.  In our analysis, the gross gain to domestic cotton producers from the exchange-rate linked subsidy scheme was positive.   Findings support  exchange-rate linked subsidies for export promotion of agricultural products.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16658

Assessing the Factors Underlying Differences in Group Performance: Methodological Issues and Empirical Findings from the Highlands of Central Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Place,   Frank; Kariuki,   Gatarwa; Wangila,   Justine; Kristjanson,   Patricia; Makauki,   Adolf; Ndubi,   Jessica.
This paper examines the performance of rural groups in Kenya and addresses the methodological issues and challenges faced in doing this, and presents the empirical evidence regarding various hypothesized explanatory factors for relative performance levels. Eighty-seven groups and 442 households were surveyed using several approaches. Various performance measures were tested. Both descriptive analysis and regression models were used to gain a better understanding of the group-level and household-level factors that explain performance. Collective action is desired and practiced for a large number of tasks. The findings highlight the incredible number, diversity and dynamic nature of groups in the highlands of Kenya (and we suspect this finding is not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Natural resource management; Technology adoption; Institutions; Kenya; Calliandra; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50060

ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF PROCESSING AND MARKETING NICHE SOY OIL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.; Agarwal,   Sanjeev.
Demand in the marketplace for foods with "“natural”" attributes, such as organic produce, continues to grow. Similarly, interest has developed in creating a technology that allows "physical”" rather than chemical refinement of soybean oil to create a “"natural”" soy oil product. The physical refinement of non-genetically modified (non-GM) soybeans greatly strengthens the marketing claim to natural properties for that product. The oil derived in this manner, designated here as “"niche soy oil,"” and its related inputs (non-GM soybeans) and by-products (high-energy non-GM soy meal) are the objects of our analysis. We find premiums of $0.03 to $0.43 per pound for niche soy oil compared to commodity soy oil. However, our price analysis suggests that only...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: High-energy non-GM soy meal; Natural soy oil; Niche soy oil; Non-genetically modified soybeans; Marketing; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18685

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF A HOG SLAUGHTER PLANT CLOSING: THE THORN APPLE VALLEY CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raper,   Kellie Curry; Cheney,   Laura Martin; Punjabi,   Meeta.
In 1998, Thorn Apple Valley ceased slaughter operations at its Detroit, Michigan plant, the state's only major hog packing facility. We examine the plant closing's local impact via an investigation of whether prices received by Michigan hog producers decreased relative to hog prices in the Eastern Corn Belt.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11658

Assessing the Impact of ACP/EU Economic Partnership Agreement on West African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Grossmann,   Harald.
The European Union is currently negotiating free trade agreements, called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), with African countries as part of the Cotonou Agreement between the European Union and African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The paper empirically assesses the impact of the EPAs on trade flows and government revenue for 14 West African countries. The results indicate that the decline in import duties due to the preferential tariff elimination might be of some cause for concern and that complementary fiscal and economic policies have to be implemented before or at the time the EPAs come into force.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Partnership Agreements; EU; ECOWAS; Africa; International Relations/Trade; F15; O24; O55.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26198

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ON POVERTY USING THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS FRAMEWORK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adato,   Michelle; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela.
Many studies simplify the linkages between agricultural research and poverty and measure only one or two aspects of those linkages. This approach may miss important aspects of poor people's lives, including the diverse ways in which technology affects their livelihoods. This paper presents an alternative approach that is being employed in a study of the impact of agricultural research on poverty. This study, led by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) on behalf of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research's (CGIAR) Standing Panel on Impact Assessment (SPIA), currently includes five case studies. The common thread in these case studies is the use of the sustainable livelihoods framework as the starting point for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16074

Assessing the Impact of Biodiversity on Tourism Flows: A model for Tourist Behaviour and its Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Macagno,   Giulia; Loureiro,   Maria L.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
This analysis provides an example of how biodiversity can be measured by means of different indicators, and how the latter can be used to assess the influence of the biodiversity profile of a region on the tourism flows towards it. Previous studies have considered environmental amenities as one of the determinants of tourism destination choice. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the destination’s biodiversity profile can be considered as a key component of environmental amenities. The main objective of this study is to propose a different perspective on this topic, considering the role of biodiversity on tourists’ choice of destination and duration of stay. Domestic Irish tourist flows have been chosen as a case study. The first step of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Species Diversity; Habitat Fragmentation; Landscape Diversity; Trip Demand; Indicators; Ecosystem Services; Human Well-Being; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50406

Assessing the Impact of Cowpea and Sorghum Research and Extension in Northern Cameroon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sterns,   James A.; Bernsten,   Richard H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 7.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11415

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF HIGH-YIELDING VARIETIES OF MAIZE IN RESETTLEMENT AREAS OF ZIMBABWE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bourdillon,   Michael; Hebinck,   Paul; Hoddinott,   John; Kinsey,   Bill; Marondo,   John; Mudege,   Netsayi; Owens,   Trudy.
This study is part of a larger effort to explore the impact of agricultural research on poverty reduction. It examines the diffusion and impact of hybrid maize in selected resettlement areas of rural Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to varieties made widely available from the mid-1990s onwards. While “Zimbabwe’s Green Revolution” of the early 1980s was characterized by the widespread adoption of hybrid maize varieties and significant increases in yields, the subsequent diffusion of newer varieties occurred more slowly and had a more modest impact. Several factors account for this. Government now plays a much-reduced role and one that increasingly focuses on “better farmers.” Private-sector institutions that have entered the maize sector operate mainly...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agricultural research; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability; Agricultural extension; Social capital; Hybrid maize; Zimbabwe; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16407

Assessing the Impact of Recent Trade Policy Changes in the Banana Market under Alternative Market Structures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anania,   Giovanni; Scoppola,   Margherita.
The paper focuses on the importance of the assumptions made about market structure and firm behaviors in empirical trade policy analysis. It addresses this issue with reference to recent changes in the EU import regime for bananas, namely the Economic Partnership Agreements and the December 2009 WTO agreement on bananas. The paper’s contribution to the literature on the issues addressed is threefold: first it develops two original models which incorporate imperfectly competitive market structures in a spatial modeling framework; then it proposes a methodology to assess the degree of market power in international trading which is applied to the banana market and, finally, it assesses how analysis of the implications of the most recent changes in the EU...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bananas; Economic Partnership Agreements; WTO; Imperfect Competition; Spatial models; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q17; Q18; F13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115436

Assessing the impact of rice policy changes in Viet Nam and the contribution of policy research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ryan,   James G.
The marketing and policy research on rice of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is described, and the conclusions and recommendations that emerged are discussed in the context of the decision-making processes in Viet Nam. The role of IFPRI's publication and communication activities in association with the project in informing the policy environment are discussed. It is clear these played a crucial role in building consensus among the disparate groups involved in the policy process. This aspect was widely acknowledged by partners and stakeholders as having high value. From extensive interviews the author describes the perceptions of partners and stakeholders of the influence of the outcomes of the IFPRI project. They show that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48287

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE EXCHANGE RATE AND ITS VOLATILITY ON CANADIAN PORK AND LIVE SWINE EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.
A model of a representative Canadian pork exporter is developed to examine the impacts of the exchange rate and its volatility on pork and live swine exports. The pork export supply equation is expressed as a function of the expected level of real exchange rate and a time-varying variance of real exchange rate. An AR(p) model is used to represent the expected real exchange rate, and a GARCH(p, q) model is used to generate the time-varying variance. The same model is used to examine the sensitivity of pork exports to Japan from Canada, the United States, and Denmark. The parameters of all pork and live swine export equations have theoretically consistent signs and many are significant. That is, the domestic price in the exporting country has a negative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18624

Assessing the Impact of the National Agricultural Advisory  Services (NAADS) in the Uganda Rural Livelihoods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benin,   Samuel; Nkonya,   Ephraim M.; Okecho,   Geresom; Pender,   John L.; Nahdy,   Silim; Mugarura,   Samuel; Kato,   Edward; Kayobyo,   Godfrey.
The National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) program of Uganda is an innovative public-private extension service delivery approach, with the goal of increasing market oriented agricultural production by empowering farmers to demand and control agricultural advisory services. Although initial evaluations of NAADS have been quite favourable, these evaluations have been primary qualitative in nature. This study quantifies the initial impacts of NAADS in the districts and sub-counties where the program was operating by 2005. It is based on descriptive analyses of results of a survey of 116 farmer groups and 894 farmers in sixteen districts where the program was operating at the time and four districts where NAADS had not yet begun operating to control...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impact assessment; Agricultural extension; Uganda; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42375

ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLOSING THE RIVER GULF GRAIN COMPANY ON LOCAL PRODUCERS OF CORN AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriquiry,   Miguel A.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
Hotelling's classic model of spatial competition is used to estimate the impacts on price of the closure of one of three grain buyers on the Mississippi River in the vicinity of Scott County, Iowa. The customers of the buyer who is closing (River Gulf Grain Company) in Davenport, Iowa, are assumed to deliver their grain to a buyer in either Buffalo, Iowa, to the south or to a buyer in Clinton, Iowa, to the north. Calibration of Hotelling's framework to this situation leads to an estimated decline in grain bids of 1.5¢ per bushel for the buyer located in Clinton and by 2.5¢ per bushel for the buyer located in Buffalo. These estimates are based on an incremental transportation cost of 0.15¢ per mile between the seller's farm and the buyer. This price decline...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain transportation; Local monopsony; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18370

ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR FOOD-BASED STRATEGIES TO REDUCE VITAMIN A AND IRON DEFICIENCIES: A REVIEW OF RECENT EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruel,   Marie T.; Levin,   Carol E.
This paper reviews current knowledge and experience with food-based approaches to reduce vitamin A and iron deficiencies. It presents a review of recently published literature, highlights some of the lessons learned, and identifies knowledge gaps and research priorities. The main strategies reviewed are food-based interventions that aim at (1) increasing the production, availability and access to vitamin A and iron-rich foods through the promotion of home production; (2) increasing the intake of vitamin A and iron-rich foods through nutrition education, communication, social marketing and behavior change programs to improve dietary quality among vulnerable groups; and (3) increasing the bioavailability of vitamin A and iron in the diet either through home...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16433

Assessing the Prevalence of Nutrient Inadequacy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriquiry,   Alicia L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18677

Assessing the Relationship between Probability of Default and Loss Given Default in an Agricultural Loan Portfolio
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakaimbo,   Nicholas K.; Pederson,   Glenn D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55281

ASSESSING THE RESPONSE OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS TO DAIRY POLICY REFORM IN ISRAEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kimhi,   Ayal; Rubin,   Ofir D.
After nearly fifty years of stability and stagnation of dairy market regulations in Israel, a dramatic policy reform has been enacted in 1999. The reform enabled farm households, for the first time, to trade production quotas. In addition, the reform signaled to farmers that milk prices will gradually go down in real terms, and therefore only producers who expand and become more efficient will prevail. The reform allowed for generous financial support for investment in expansion, but also required the adoption of environmental regulations which could be costly to many farm families. This paper uses data from a census of small family-operated dairy enterprises that was conducted in 2001, in order to analyze the response of farm households to the reform. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Milk policy reform; Technology adoption; Intergenerational succession; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7134

Assessing the Risk of Oil Spills in the Mediterranean: the Case of the Route from the Black Sea to Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bigano,   Andrea; Sheehan,   Paul.
Recent major spills on European coasts have highlighted the primary policy relevance for the EU of oil spills. This paper assesses the risks related to carrying oil to the EU along the route from the Russian Black Sea coast to Sicily, Italy (one of the most congested and strategically relevant European import routes). We develop a methodology based on Fault Tree Analysis, and we apply it to the most likely causes of an oil spill. We couple the resulting probabilities with data on expected spill size, types of oil carried and cleanup costs, to estimate expected costs for cleanup and loss of cargo. The route analysed appears to be a risky one; there is a “high” to “very high” risk of a spill along this route. The Turkish Straits turn out to be the major...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Oil spills; Cleanup costs; Risk analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q32; Q51; Q52; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12112

Assessing the Role of Microfinance in Fostering Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agrawala,   Shardul; Carraro,   Maelis.
Much of the current policy debate on adaptation to climate change has focussed on estimation of adaptation costs, ways to raise and to scale-up funding for adaptation, and the design of the international institutional architecture for adaptation financing. There is however little or no emphasis so far on actual delivery mechanisms to channel these resources at the sub-national level, particularly to target the poor who are also often the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. It is in this context that microfinance merits a closer look. This paper offers the first empirical assessment of the linkages between microfinance supported activities and adaptation to climate change. Specifically, the lending portfolios of the 22 leading microfinance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Microfinance; Climate Change; Financing; Adaptation; Bangladesh; Nepal; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56; Q54; R51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92709

Assessing the Social and Economic Impact of Improved Banana Varieties in East Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
This report documents the discussions and results of a research design workshop held at the Equatoria Hotel in Kampala, November 7-11, 2002. The meeting was the first formal gathering of the stakeholders of the project .Assessing the social and economic impact of improved banana varieties in East Africa.. The goal of the project is to fortify the impact of improved banana varieties on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in East Africa. Banana (Musa) is a primary food staple as well as an essential cash crop for the region.s smallholder farmers. Declining yields brought about by pests and diseases and decreasing soil fertility have compromised food and income security. In selected banana-growing areas, farmers have begun to adopt improved varieties that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42798

Assessing the Social Performance of Microfinance Using QUIP: Findings From Huancayo, Chimbote and Cajamarca, Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revolledo-Wright,   Katie.
There is already substantial evidence to suggest that microfinance has polarising effects (Buckley, 1997, Copestake, 2002, Hulme, 2000 Marr, 2002; Wright, 2001). This should come as no surprise. Whilst every effort should be made to reduce negative impacts, it is inevitable that some clients will benefit more than others. Research needs to be designed in such a way as to reveal the reasons behind diverse impact. This paper draws upon a series of studies of village banking programmes in Peru to argue in favour of using a qualitative indepth individual interview protocol (QUIP) to reveal and analyse diverse impact. It finds that those least able to benefit were low-income women with dependent children. In addition, those clients exiting the programme did so...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23756

ASSESSING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CROP PRODUCTION USING A GENERALIZED CROSS-ENTROPY APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: You,   Liangzhi; Wood,   Stanley.
While agricultural production statistics are reported on a geopolitical – often national - basis we often need to know the status of production or productivity within specific sub-regions, watersheds, or agro-ecological zones. Such re-aggregations are typically made using expert judgments or simple area-weighting rules. We describe a new, entropy-based approach to making spatially disaggregated assessments of the distribution of crop production. Using this approach tabular crop production statistics are blended judiciously with an array of other secondary data to assess the production of specific crops within individual ‘pixels’ – typically 25 to 100 square kilometers in size. The information utilized includes crop production statistics, farming system...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Entropy; Cross entropy; Remote sensing; Spatial allocation; Production; Crop distribution; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60324

Assessing the Success of Farmers’ Markets in Northern New York: A Survey of Vendors, Customers, and Market Managers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Logozar,   Bernadette; Schmit,   Todd M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmers markets; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55941

Assessing the Uncertainty of Land Based Carbon Sequestration: A Parameter Uncertainty Analysis with a Global Land Use Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Yoon Hyung; Sohngen,   Brent.
This paper analyzes the effect of uncertainty in several key parameters on the marginal costs of carbon sequestration in forests. These parameters include the land supply elasticity, which governs the conversion of land from agriculture to forests and vice versa; parameters of the forest biomass yield function; parameters of the forest carbon density function; and parameters of the costs functions for accessing inaccessible land. Monte Carlo techniques are thus used to turn the global forest model with no probability (e.g., Sohngen &amp; Mendelsohn, 2003; 2007) into a proper probability model through Latin hypercube sampling.       For this paper, we have restricted our analysis to consideration of probability distributions for only two of the parameters...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uncertainty Analysis; Global Land Use Model; Carbon Sequestration; Monte Carlo simulations; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49416

ASSESSMENT BY MIDWESTERN AGRICULTURAL FIRMS OF DOING BUSINESS IN CHINA AND INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agarwal,   Sanjeev.
China and India are two of the world's biggest countries and potentially large markets for U.S. agricultural products. This study reports the assessment by midwestern agricultural firms of doing business in the two countries. The data, collected by mail questionnaire, suggests that China posed less of a problem than did India with respect to economic and market conditions, tariff and investment barriers, and physical and cultural barriers. On the other hand, India posed less of a problem than did China with respect to language, protection of property rights, and the legal system. Firms already doing business in these countries had more favorable comments than those with no previous experience. The study also reports results of telephone interviews with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18702

Assessment of North Dakota's State and Local Tax Burden with Statistical Appendix
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; Hovde,   Brett; Taylor,   Richard D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23359

Assessment of performance and impact of irrigation and water resources  systems in Taiwan and Sri Lanka: Final report
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Aloysius,   Noel; Matsuno,   Yutaka.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation systems; Water scarcity; Water allocation; Water supply; Water quality; Water distribution; Decision making; Water management; Regression analysis; Performance evaluation; Sustainability; Irrigated farming; Agricultural development; Farm size; Irrigation management; Farmers' associations; Rain; Paddy cultivation; Crop yield; Costs; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92774

Assessment of the effectiveness of maize seed assistance to vulnerable farm households in Zimbabwe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Setimela,   Peter S.
The publication describes outcomes of a study to assess the effectiveness of a large-scale crop seed relief effort in Zimbabwe during 2003-07. Aims of the effort, which was supported by the British Department for International Development (DfID) and coordinated by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) regional office in Harare, included broader diffusion of open-pollinated maize varieties (OPVs), as opposed to hybrids. Based on the findings of the study, the authors recommend that, to increase benefits to vulnerable groups, participants in such efforts should effectively disseminate information on selecting and recycling seed, supported by training and field demonstrations, and should target relatively well-endowed farmers initially. Recommendations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Technical aid; Farm income; Food production; Maize; Open pollination; Hybrids; Zimbabwe; Crop Production/Industries; International Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7655

ASSESSMENT OF THE EXTENT AND SUCCESS OF LEAFY SPURGE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodur,   Nancy M.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Bangsund,   Dean A.
Leafy spurge is an exotic, noxious, perennial weed which is widely established in the north central United States and is an especially serious problem in the northern Great Plains.  In 1997, the Agricultural Research Service and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), initiated a major Integrated Pest Management (IPM) research and demonstration project, TEAM Leafy Spurge (TLS), to develop and demonstrate ecologically based IPM strategies that can produce effective, affordable leafy spurge control.  A key component of the project was to expand the use of biological control (biocontrol) agents, specifically flea beetles.  To assess the level of insect establishment and the level of current and perceived...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Leafy spurge; Biological control; Apthona lacertosa/czwalinae; Flea beetle; Noxious weeds; Weed management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23643

ASSET, ACTIVITY, AND INCOME DIVERSIFICATION AMONG AFRICAN AGRICULTURALISTS: SOME PRACTICAL ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrett,   Christopher B.; Reardon,   Thomas.
This paper starts from the premise that diversification of assets, activities, and incomes is important to African rural households, in that diversification into nonfarm income constitutes on average about 45 percent of incomes, and the push and pull factors driving that diversification are bound to persist. From that premise, we noted that the empirical study of diversification has been beset by practical problems and issues relating to (1) definitions and concepts, (2) data collection, and to (3) measurement of the nature and extent of diversification. The paper addressed each of those problems. Two points are of special interest to the overall conceptualization of diversification research. The first is that empirical studies have exhibited a wide...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; O; Q12.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14734

ASSET FIXITY, ASSET SPECIFICITY AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC CHANGE: HYPOTHESIS AND IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   William A.; Hite,   James C.
That asset specificity and asset fixity are impediments to economic adjustment is well understood in the literatures of industrial organization and agricultural economics.  In this paper, we show that spatial factors can plausible be expected to be arguments in functions that define asset fixity and specificity and, hence, asset fixity may be systematically related to space.  The implications with regard to differences across space in rates of adjustment to market signals suggest that the short run is longer in remote than in less remote places, which may prove useful in explaining the behavior of a spatial economic system during times of rapid technological change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18807

ASSET FIXITY IN U.S. AGRICULTURE: ROBUSTNESS TO FUNCTIONAL FORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Ni; Shumway,   C. Richard.
The sensitivity of asset fixity conclusions, input adjustment rates, and elasticities to choice of functional form is examined using a dynamic dual model of U.S. agriculture. A very general initial specification allows tests of instantaneous adjustment to be performed for every input.  Test results are mixed across functional forms for all inputs except real estate, which is consistently found to be quasi-fixed. Important differences in estimated adjustment rates and elasticities are also found among the functional forms. The translog has higher likelihood support than either the generalized Leontief or normalized quadratic functional forms for this dynamic model specification and data set.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q11; C51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12967

ASSET FUNCTIONS AND LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES: A FRAMEWORK FOR PRO-POOR ANALYSIS, POLICY AND PRACTICE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorward,   Andrew; Anderson,   Simon; Clark,   Susanne; Keane,   Bernadette; Moguel,   Julieta.
Building upon the current emphasis on the importance of assets in increasing the productivity and reducing the vulnerability of poor peoples' livelihoods, a conceptual framework is developed that relates the functions and attributes of poor peoples' assets to their livelihood status and strategies. The framework promotes more integrated consideration of different assets held by the poor, and hence facilitates analysis for policy, capacity building and technological interventions to expand livelihood opportunities for the poor. The application of the conceptual framework  is illustrated with preliminary analysis of small livestock keeping by campesinos in south east Mexico.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10918

Asset Pricing in Created Markets for Fishing Quotas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newell,   Richard G.; Papps,   Kerry L.; Sanchirico,   James N.
We investigate the applicability of the present-value asset pricing model to fishing quota markets by applying instrumental variable panel data estimation techniques to 15 years of market transactions from New Zealand's individual fishing quota market. In addition to the influence of current fishing rents (as measured by lease prices), we explore the effect of market interest rates, risk, and expected changes in future rents on quota asset prices. Controlling for these other factors, the results support a fairly simple relationship between quota asset and contemporaneous lease prices. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the results indicate that quota asset prices are positively related to declines in interest rates, lower levels of risk, expected...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Individual transferable fishing quota; Asset pricing; Fisheries; Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q22; Q28; D40; L10.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10639

ASSET STORABILITY AND HEDGING EFFECTIVENESS IN COMMODITY FUTURES MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yang,   Jian; Awokuse,   Titus O.
This paper examines risk minimization hedging effectiveness for major storable and nonstorable agricultural commodity futures markets. Based on the error correction model – bivariate GARCH frameworks, some evidence is found that the hedging effectiveness is stronger for storable commodities than nonstorable commodities under consideration. The finding illustrates an important difference between storable and nonstorable commodities with regard to their hedging function.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commodity futures; Asset storability; Hedging effectiveness; Multivariate GARCH; Marketing; D82; G19.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15826

Asset-Poor Women in India and the Relevance of Amartya Sen's Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Amartya Sen; Gender inequality; India; Poverty; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91377

Assets, Activities and Income Generation in Rural Mexico: Factoring in Social and Public Capital
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin; Corral,   Leonardo.
In recent years, there has been increasing emphasis in the rural development literature on the multiple income-generating activities undertaken by rural households and the importance of assets in determining the capacity to undertake these activities.  Controlling for endogeneity choice and applying Lee's generalization of Amemiya's two-step estimator to a simultaneous equation model, household returns to assets from multiple activities are explored for the Mexico ejido sector. To incorporate the multiple variables representing social and public capital into the analysis, factor analysis is used. The results indicate that the asset position of the household has a significant effect on household participation in income generating activities and returns to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livelihoods; Mexico; Social capital; Public capital; Agricultural households; Censored regression; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12898

ASSETS AT MARRIAGE IN RURAL ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fafchamps,   Marcel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper examines the determinants of assets at marriage in rural Ethiopia. We identify and test three separate processes that determine assets brought to marriage: assortative matching, compensating parental transfers at marriage, and strategic behavior by parents. We find ample evidence for the first, none for the second, and some evidence of the third for brides. We also find no evidence of competition for parental assets among siblings. Results suggest that parents do not transfer wealth to children in ways that compensate for marriage market outcomes. Certain parents, however, give more assets to daughters whenever doing so increases the chances of a daughter marrying a wealthy groom.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Property; Marriage Market; Intrahousehold allocation; Intergenerational transfers; Rural population; Inheritance; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60310

ASSISTING THE FORMER SOVIET EMPIRE: AN EXAMPLE OF THE FOREIGN AID CRISIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeuli,   Kimberly A.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
In 1989 the revolutions in several Eastern European countries brought an end to The Soviet European empire and ultimately the Cold War.  This paper examines the effect the end of the Soviet threat had on America's foreign assistance programs in general, and specifically on US attempts to aid the New Independent States (NIS) and the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs).  Over the course of the years, America's foreign assistance programs have been motivated by a combination of national security considerations, economic self- interest, and humanitarian concerns.  However, the US desire to stem Soviet expansion, first in Europe, then in South East Asia, and then in other Third World countries, came to dominate assistance policy. When the Soviet...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13716

Asthma Management Survey of Participants in an Inner City Asthma Intervention
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sadof,   Matthew; Brandt,   Sylvia J.
Background:  The Inner City Asthma Intervention (ICAI) was a national multi-center implementation of an evidence-based intervention to reduce asthma morbidity. Objective: This study describes mitigating behaviors and reported outcomes in families with asthma who completed the intervention and a post-intervention survey at one of the ICAI sites. Results: Eighty percent (0.72- 0.88, 95% confidence interval) of these families made five or more changes to mitigate exposure to environmental asthma triggers. The majority of families (0.84-0.96, 95% confidence interval) reported an improved awareness of asthma symptoms and less school absences, limitations of activity, unplanned doctor visits, and asthma related sleep disruption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asthma; Health intervention; Health behavior; Health Economics and Policy; I12; I18; Z13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14526

ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND THE PRICING OF NATURAL RESOURCES: THE CASE OF UNMETERED WATER; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Rodney B.W.; Tsur,   Yacov.
This paper uses mechanism design theory to (i) propose a mechanism to price irrigation water when farmers are heterogeneous in their production technologies (adverse selection) and their individual water uses are unobserved (moral hazard) and (ii) discusses briefly when such a mechanism might be economically unreasonable. Unmetered irrigation water is often priced by imposing per-acre fees on cultivated acreage or by charging per-unit fees on observable inputs or outputs.  The offered pricing procedure is based on the observed output and achieves a first-best outcome when implementation is free of transaction costs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14368

ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN CATTLE AUCTIONS: THE PROBLEM OF REVACCINATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chymis,   Athanasios G.; James,   Harvey S., Jr.; Konduru,   Srinivasa; Pierce,   Vern L.
The paper analyzes the problem of asymmetric information between buyers and sellers in cattle auctions. An illustration is made regarding the vaccinations that the animals receive. Buyers do not know and cannot verify if sellers have vaccinated their animals forcing them to consider revaccination. Revaccination is only a part of the broader problem of information asymmetry that includes other quality issues and costs that can be saved, thereby increasing the welfare of both buyers and sellers. Structural characteristics of ranching, traditions and consumers' preferences are taken into account and a wider approach is attempted to explain the persistence of the problem in light of potential institutional solutions. We argue for a comprehensive empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26039

ASYMMETRIC PATTERN OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   MinKyoung; Cho,   Guedae; Koo,   Won W.
This study proposes alternative rationales to explain an asymmetric intra-industry trade pattern between the United States and Canada after the free trade agreement became effective.  Using time-series data, a gravity equation is developed which enables us to examine the impacts of relative market size, exchange rates, and transportation costs on bilateral trade.  It is found that these three effects have to be taken together in order to explain the asymmetric intra-industry trade pattern.  Exchange rate impacts on bilateral trade are found to the most significant, indicating that U.S. dollar appreciation causes a more asymmetric trade pattern for agricultural goods than for large-scale manufacturing goods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Border effects; Exchange rates; Gravity equation; Intra-industry trade; National product differentiation model; Product differentiation model; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23625

Asymmetric Transmission of Price Information Between the Meat Market of Finland and Other EU Countries - Testing for Signals on Oligopolistic Behaviour
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jalonoja,   Kati; Liu,   Xing; Pietola,   Kyosti.
This paper estimates market integration between the Finnish and German pork and beef markets. An econometric error correction model that allows for threshold effects and asymmetric price response is estimated. The data are weekly price observations during the period of 1995-2004. Each price series have 520 observations. The results suggest that the Finnish beef prices are stationary and they are not co-integrated with the German price. Thus, the domestic and imported beef may be treated as different goods by consumers. The pork prices are integrated of the first order I(1) and they are also co-integrated. The threshold effects are significant and the price adjustment process is asymmetric, but slow in all regimes. The price transmission process has...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11861

Asymmetry in Farm-Retail Price Transmission in the Northeastern Fluid Milk Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frigon,   Mathieu; Doyon,   Maurice; Romain,   Robert F.J.
A hybrid approach to estimate the asymmetric price transmission between the farm gate and the retail market is proposed. The model is estimated for the fluid milk market of the Northeast U.S., that of the metropolitan area of New York City as well as that of Upstate New York. Spatially disaggregated data allows the impact of regional dairy regulation on the farm-retail price spread to be assessed, as well as the behavior of the middlemen regarding price transmission on markets with different levels of retail concentration to be estimated. Results suggest that intermediaries transmit variations in milk farm price in an asymmetric way in the short-run; that governmental intervention might force middlemen to act competitively in terms of price transmission;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25220

At Home and Abroad: An Empirical Analysis of Innovation and Diffusion in Energy-Efficient Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verdolini,   Elena; Galeotti,   Marzio.
This paper contributes to the induced innovation literature by extending the analysis of supply and demand determinants of innovation in energy-efficient technologies to account for international knowledge flows and spillovers. In the first part of the paper we select a sample of 38 innovating countries and we study how knowledge related to energy-efficient technologies flows across geographical and technological space. We demonstrate that higher geographical and technological distances are associated with a lower probability of knowledge flow. In the second part of the paper, we use our previous estimates to construct stocks of internal and external knowledge for a panel of 17 countries and present an econometric analysis of the supply and demand...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Technology Diffusion; Knowledge Spillovers; Energy-Efficient Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O33; Q55; C13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56216

Atmospheric Pollution and Consumption Patterns in Spain: An Input-Output Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Serrano,   Monica; Roca,   Jordi.
This paper analyses the relationship between Spanish household consumption patterns and atmospheric pollutant emissions in 2000. Applying an input-output approach we estimate the relative responsibility of different types of households in the emissions of nine different atmospheric pollutants: the six greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs and PFCs) regulated by the Kyoto protocol and three other gases (SO2, NOx and NH3). We combine input-output tables, national consumer survey statistics and environmental pollution satellite accounts into an environmental extended input-output model. We also analyse the assumptions required in order to apply the model to available data. We find that there is a positive and very high relationship between the level of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Input-Output Analysis; Consumption Pattern; Atmospheric Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; C67; D12; Q53.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9090

Attacking Poverty: What is the Value Added of a Human Rights Approach?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51113

ATTAINING UNIVERSAL ACCESS: PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND BUSINESS-NGO PARTNERSHIP
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Shyamal K.
This paper evaluates two alternative mechanisms, Public-Private Partnership in Peru and Business-NGO Partnership in Bangladesh, that provide rural people with access to telecommunications. The two mechanisms that are examined here are considered as two best practices in the provision of rural telecommunications in the context of developing countries. Under two geographically distinct market segments, rural market characterized by low per-subscriber revenue and urban market characterized by high per-subscriber revenue, the traditional provision mechanisms such as state ownership, regulated monopoly and competitive market structure may not provide universal access to the people living in rural areas of developing countries. Attainment of universal access...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18755

Attitudes to entry fees to national parks: results and policy implications from a Queensland case study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Examines visitor attitudes and whether visitors are willing to pay to enter Lamington National Park and under what circumstances they would do so. First a sample of visitors is asked a general (normative) question as to whether visitors should pay to visit Lamington National Park and in another question (positive) they are asked whether they would be more willing to pay if the money collected would be invested in the park to improve visitor facilities and for conservation work.  The results show that visitors are more willing to accept the ‘user-pays’ principle if the money will be used for the benefit of the national park and its visitors. It was found that foreigners are more in support for a ‘user-pay’ fee than Australians, and among Australians, those...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Entry fees; National parks; Overseas and Australian visitors; Attitudes to ‘user-pays’ principle; Lamington National Park; Policy implications; Conservation benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48960

ATTITUDES TOWARDS ALTERNATIVE MANAGEMENT POLICIES FOR PUBLIC RECREATION LANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Samnaliev,   Mihail; Stevens,   Thomas H.; More,   Thomas.
Public recreation land management agencies have been searching for ways to increase revenue. User fees as implemented by the Fee Demonstration Program have received the most attention. Corporate sponsorships and private donations have also been implemented and other options, such as partial privatization, closure of some areas, and different forms of public-private partnerships have been debated. The present paper reports results from a 2002 mail survey of randomly selected Idaho and New Hampshire households, designed to elicit public attitudes about a wide variety of management policies for public (federal/state) recreation lands. The most socially acceptable forms for raising revenue were donation boxes (61.1%), corporate sponsorships for visitor centers...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14530

Attitudes towards Italian wine of practitioners in the Chinese distribution
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marchesini,   Sergio; Huliyeti,   Hasimu; Canavari,   Maurizio; Farneti,   Alessandro.
China’s economy has grown at an impressive rate after the integration into the global trading system (WTO) in 2001, a major turning point in the Chinese economic history. The opening policy has increased business opportunities for both local and foreign operators; however, in spite of the great appeal of such cooperation, many obstacles yet exist: language, culture, education, business practices, and industrial development. Food products supply and access to the market are mastered by a relatively small group of businessmen: international buyers, purchasing agents, retailers and representatives of large-scale distribution chains. The perception they have of a potential source country is a key factor for a successful market approach. The present study aims...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6930

ATTRIBUTES OF IDEAL SOIL SUBSTITUTES: RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF DEMAND SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne.
This paper describes preferences for attributes of ideal soil substitutes reported by industry demand segments, and relates those attributes to willingness to pay for soil substitutes.  Regression results on principal components indicate that concern over product stability, safety and environmental protection induce higher willingness to pay for ideal soil products.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compost; Markets; Principal components; Product attributes; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16719

ATTRITION IN LONGITUDINAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA: SOME TESTS FOR THREE DEVELOPING-COUNTRY SAMPLES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alderman,   Harold; Behrman,   Jere R.; Kohler,   Hans-Peter; Maluccio,   John A.; Watkins,   Susan Cotts.
Longitudinal household data can have considerable advantages over much more widely used cross-sectional data. The collection of longitudinal data, however, may be difficult and expensive. One problem that has concerned many analysts is that sample attrition may make the interpretation of estimates problematic. Such attrition may be particularly severe in areas where there is considerable mobility because of migration between rural and urban areas. Many analysts share the intuition that attrition is likely to be selective on characteristics such as schooling and that high attrition is likely to bias estimates made from longitudinal data. This paper considers the extent of and implications of attrition for three longitudinal household surveys from Bolivia,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16423

ATTRITION IN THE KWAZULU NATAL INCOME DYNAMICS STUDY, 1993-1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maluccio,   John A.
Panel (or longitudinal) data often provide an understanding of the dynamic behavior of individual households not possible with cross-sectional or time-series information alone. However, a disturbing feature of this type of survey in both developed and developing countries is that there is often substantial, nonrandom attrition. Therefore, an important concern is the extent to which attrition inhibits inferences made using the data. This note examines attrition in the KwaZulu-Natal Income Dynamics Study (1993– 1998) and assesses the extent of attrition bias for a specific empirical example. The analysis shows that 1993 first round nonresponse is largely unrelated to observable characteristics of the communities other than indicators of migration activity....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16389

Auctioning Monopoly Franchises: Award Criteria and Service Launch Requirements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dosi,   Cesare; Moretto,   Michele.
We study the competition to acquire the exclusive right to operate an infrastructure service, by comparing two different specifications for the financial proposals - "lowest price to consumers" vs "highest concession fee", and two alternative contractual arrangements: a contract which imposes the obligation to immediately undertake the investment required to operate the concessioned service and a contract which simply assigns to the winning bidder the right to supply the market at a date of her choosing. By comparing the returns of these alternative award criteria and concessioning conditions, we show that concessioning without imposing rollout time limits may or may not provide a higher expected social value, depending on the bidding rule used to allocate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Concessions; Auctions; Award criteria; Service Rollout Time limits; Public Economics; L51; D44; D92.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50409

Audio-visual Policies and International Trade: The Case of India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mukherjee,   Arpita.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26056

Audiovisual Policies and International Trade: The Case of Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andreano,   Simona; Iapadre,   Lelio.
This paper reviews Italian audiovisual policies, in order to assess their impact on the international position of domestic cinema and television producers. Italian audiovisual policies are characterised by a rich set of institutions, regulations and support tools, whose complexity sometimes causes problems of overlapping jurisdictions among different authorities and agencies. Their degree of market access restrictiveness appears to be relatively high, especially considering the discrimination between European and non-European producers. The economic performance of the Italian audiovisual sector has been relatively weak in the nineties, particularly for what concerns the competition with foreign producers. On the other hand, the econometric exercise...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26064

Aufschwung mit Risiken - Konjunktur 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weinert,   Gunter; Wohlers,   Eckhardt; Bruck,   Christiane; Fieber,   Eva-Ulrike; Hinze,   Jorg; Kirchesch,   Kai; Matthies,   Klaus.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26080

AUMs Available from Emergency Grazing of CPR and Estimated AUM Costs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   James B.; Cash,   Dennis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29223

Aussenwirtschaftliche Belastungen beeintrachtigen Konjunktur in Europa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wohlers,   Eckhardt; Weinert,   Gunter; Bruck,   Christiane; Crinius,   Wolfgang; Dennig,   Ulrike; Henne,   Wolfgang; Hinze,   Jorg; Matthies,   Klaus; Schaft,   Wolfgang.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26074

Australian Tropical Reptile Species: Ecological Status, Public Valuation and Attitudes to their Conservation and Commercial Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Five species of reptiles present in tropical Australia are considered in this study. These are the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata); the northern long-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa); the taipan snake (Oxyuranus scutellatus); the freshwater crocodile (Crocodylus johnstoni); and the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus).  Background information is provided on the ecological status of each of these species and after outlining their human use (including commercial use) and management in Australia, an experimental survey method is introduced and results from its application are reported and analysed. The survey method involves two serial surveys of a sample of 204 Brisbane (Australia) residents. The first survey is based on the initial knowledge...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Valuation; Australia; Turtle; Saltwater and freshwater crocodiles; Snake; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51408

Australia's Economic Policies in an Era of Globalisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Outlines changes in Australian economic policies that have occurred in recent decades in response to growing economic globalisation.  It considers microeconomic reforms in Australia and changes to its industry policy (including important changes in national competition policy) its financial reforms (exchange rate and banking reforms), its liberalisation of international trade and of foreign investment, both inward and outward.  Furthermore, particular consideration is given to Australia’s policies and its lobbying in relation to The World Trade Organisation (WTO), economic regionalism, and bilateralism.  These policies provide further insights into the way that Australia has responded to growing economic globalisation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Industry policy; Financial reforms; International trade; Foreign investment; Financial Economics; International Development; Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90534

Austrian Border Regions and Eastern Integration A Low Competitiveness - High Growth Paradoxon
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayerhofer,   Peter.
Many regions on the EU Eastern borders have developed favourably after the opening up of the border and the implementation of association agreements with the CEECs. This was often seen as a positive sign for the further perspectives of these regions after EU enlargement. In this paper we take a closer look at the mechanisms involved in a case study for Austria. Based on a very disaggregated data set at a regional as well as sectoral level we find that neither sectoral preconditions nor locational advantages can explain the good performance of (rural) border regions after 1989. Using multivariate cluster analyses we group 3-digit-industries to theoretically founded typologies indicating different sector characteristics and find that (fast growing) rural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Border Regions; Integration; EU Enlargement; Regional Competitiveness; Austria; International Relations/Trade; F02; F15; R11; R12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26234

AUSWIRKUNGEN DER EU-OSTERWEITERUNG IM AGRARBEREICH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frohberg,   Klaus; Weber,   Gerald.
The East-Enlargement of the EU raises several questions regarding the EU-budget. This holds for both policy areas for which financial transfers are made out of the EU budget; the structural policies and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). This paper focuses on the impact of implementing the CAP as specified in the Agenda 2000 in the 10 Central and Eastern European candidate countries. The analysis shows that about 8 Bill. Euro will have to be transferred for the main types of payments out of the EU budget to the new members. The larger part of these financial transfers will be direct payments and not measures for market support. It also becomes evident that these expenditures are quite unequally distributed among the candidate countries if one calculates...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU-Eastenlargement; EU-Budget; Sector Modelling; Agricultural Sector; Partial Equilibrium Model; Policy Analyses; C69; Q18; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14920

AUSWIRKUNGEN EINER EU-OSTERWEITERUNG IM BEREICH DER AGRARPOLITIK AUF DEN EU-HAUSHALT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weber,   Gerald; Wahl,   Olaf; Meinlschmidt,   Ewa.
This discussion paper presents the results of a study on the impacts of EU East enlargement on the EU agricultural budget. The calculations have been carried out with the partial equilibrium model 'Central and Eastern European Countries Agricultural Simulation Model (CEECASIM) that has been developed at IAMO. An accession scenario has been assumed in which the Common Agricultural Policy as reformed by the European Council of Berlin in March 1999 is applied in ten Central and Eastern European countries. Besides the price support measures also the area payments and the animal premiums as well as the production quotas for milk and sugar are implemented in the candidate countries. According to the model results the annual expenditures for the ten Central and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EU East Enlargement; EU Budget; Sector Modelling; Agricultural Sector; Partial Equilibrium Model; Policy Analyses; Agricultural and Food Policy; C69; Q18.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14871

Autocracies and Development in a Global Economy: A Tale of Two Elites
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Akerman,   Anders; Larsson,   Anna; Naghavi,   Alireza.
Current version uploaded April 2013.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Development; Economic Institutions; Political Institutions; Trade; Capital Mobility; Capital Accumulation; Comparative Advantage; Capital Mobility; F10; F20; P14; P16; O10; O24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115848

Availability and Market Penetration of GMO Corn Soybeans
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Duffy,   Michael D.; Wisner,   Robert N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18308

AVAILABILITY AND MARKET POTENTIAL ON NON-AGRICULTURAL BUSINESSES IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhuyan,   Sanjib; Cobia,   David W.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Many North Dakota communities find it financially difficult to provide or maintain such necessary services as public safety, water and sewer services, garbage disposal, grocery and retail stores, local credit, medical care and similar other services due to gradual decline in both population and businesses.  Declining population also stresses the existing businesses as they compete for a shrinking customer base while the cost of operating a business is likely to be increasing. Cooperatively-owned businesses are means by which needed products and services can be provided at a reasonable cost and at the same time provide meaningful employment opportunities.  Thus, the cooperative approach may provide an option for rural communities in North Dakota for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade analysis; Market potential; Cooperatives; Non- agricultural; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23348

Availability of Financing for Livestock Production in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baltezore,   James F.; Gustafson,   Cole R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Production Economics.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23229

Avaliação das Necessidades dos Utentes do SIMA
Provedor de dados: 31
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56049

AVOIDING CHRONIC AND TRANSITORY POVERTY: EVIDENCE FROM EGYPT, 1997-99
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haddad,   Lawrence James; Ahmed,   Akhter U.
This paper uses a panel data of 347 households in Egypt to measure changes in household consumption between 1997 and 1999 and to identify causes behind the changes. Per capita consumption decreased for the households during this time and, while not dramatic, it occurred at all points along the distribution. Over the two-year period, the number of households that fell into poverty was over twice as large as the number of households that climbed out of poverty. About two-thirds of overall poverty was chronic (average consumption over time was below the poverty line), and almost half of all poor were always poor. We use quantile regression methods to identify the factors that explain total, chronic, and transitory poverty. While our analysis ably documents...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16455

Avoiding perverse effects of baseline and investment additionality determination in the case of renewable energy projects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven; Michaelowa,   Axel.
As part of the international climate negotiations there is a lot of discussion about methodologies for quantifying emission reductions of greenhouse gas reduction projects (baseline discussion) and about granting emission reduction credits only to projects that are additional (Investment Additionality discussion). So far this discussion has been fairly general and has not systematically analysed the impacts on investor decisions. We analyse these impacts for the case of renewable energies and show that the approaches under discussion can all give perverse incentives to invest at unfavourable sites. Thus, higher CO2 abatement costs than without any crediting system might be realised resulting in inefficiencies in climate policy. To overcome this problem we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26197

Baby Boom or Bust? Changing Fertility in Post-Communist Czech Republic and Slovakia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chase,   Robert S.
Transition from a centrally planned to a market oriented economy alters the incentives individuals face as they make consumption and time allocation decisions. Families must reevaluate their fertility plans as a result of new wage structures, reduced government subsidies of the costs of raising children, and uncertainty from a changed economic environment. Using micro-data from 1984 and 1993 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, this paper estimates a dynamic stock adjustment model, relating observed drops in fertility post-Communism to new wages, prices, and risks. Because transition will have affected only those born in the three years prior to the 1993 data, considering children under age three isolates these effects. Earnings influence total demand for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28483

Backcasting Formula-Based Federal Order Class Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.
In January 2000, all federal milk marketing orders began using a common set of product price formulas to establish milk component values and related Class prices. For roughly forty years before then, order Class prices were tied to the price paid for milk by unregulated manufacturing plants in Minnesota and Wisconsin .  This paper addresses the question of how actual Class milk prices compare with prices that would have been generated by current product price formulas. A consistent set of product prices is derived and used to impute monthly Class prices from January 1991 to March 2003, when current formulas became effective.  Between 1991 and 1995, formulas yielded higher Class I prices and lower Class II and Class III prices than prices actually...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12641

Background Information on the Chinese Fruit Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thornsbury,   Suzanne; Woods,   Mollie.
The People's Republic of China was established in 1949, ushering in an era of socialism and government centralization. Beginning in 1978, China's economy gradually transitioned from centralization to the transitional and somewhat more privatized society of today. Prior to 1978, government policies aimed at controlling food supplies and prices were common. Food rationing in 1953 was aimed at guaranteeing food for urban dwellers and included price administration by the government (Dong and Fuller, 2006). Agricultural productivity and the availability of food increased dramatically when laws that decentralized agricultural production were enacted in 1981. Food rationing and market centralization were abolished later in urban areas for non-staple food items,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9308

Background Papers for Report of the Task Force on The Aggregate Measure of Support: Potential Use by GATT for Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Applying the AMS to support programs incorporating supply controls, by Donald McClatchy; Supply controls in U.S. agriculture, by Thomas W. Hertel; The U.S. wheat program, by Thomas Hertel, and Marinos E. Tsigas;  Incorporating the export enhancement program in the PSE, by Nicole Ballenger and Stephanie Mercier; PSE, decoupled PSE and credit for supply management policies, by Louis Mahe and Herve Guyomard; Selling CAP reform in trade negotiations, by Fabrizio DeFilippis and Luca Salvatici; Political economy of policy reform in the United States and the European Community, by Martin Johnson,  Terry Roe and Louis Mahe
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51261

BACKGROUND TO THE INTRODUCTION OF HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES OF RICE IN THAILAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Welsch,   Delane E.; Tongpan,   Sopin.
This paper describes Thailand's experience to date with new technology in rice, namely new high yielding varieties with associated inputs, which forms one part of the "green revolution." First, the historical background in exports, production, and domestic marketing and pricing is presented. Next the significant developments in rice research in Thailand are described, followed by a brief outline of the adoption of new varieties. In the final section, some implications are drawn for future developments, based on the experience gained until now.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14005

Bacterial Resistance and the Optimal Use of Antibiotics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laxminarayan,   Ramanan.
The increasing resistance of harmful biological organisms (bacteria, parasites, and pests) to selection pressure from the widespread use of control agents such as antibiotics, antimalarials, and pesticides is a serious problem in both medicine and agriculture. Modeling resistance-or, conversely, the effectiveness of these control agents as a biological resource-yields insights into how these agents should be optimally managed to maximize their economic benefit to society. This paper uses a model of evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics-in which resistance places an evolutionary disadvantage on the resistant organism-to develop a simple sequential algorithm of optimal antibiotic use. Although the solution to this problem follows the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Antibiotic resistance; Natural resource; Optimization; Health Economics and Policy; I0; Q0.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10479

BALANCING ACT: CROWN CORPORATIONS IN A SUCCESSFUL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fairbairn,   Brett.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31770

BANCOSOL: EL RETO DEL CRECIMIENTO EN ORGANIZACIONES DE MICROFINANZAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vega,   Claudio Gonzalez; Schreiner,   Mark; Meyer,   Richard L.; Meza,   Jorge Rodriguez; Navajas,   Sergio.
This paper focuses on the difficulties inherent in the prudent management of growth of microfinance organizations and on potential limits to the increased efficiency, profitability, and sustainability expected from growth and large size.  The paper addresses both positive and negative implications of rapid growth for microfinance organizations.  The experience of BancoSol in Bolivia is used to illustrate these questions.  Building upon the successful experience of PRODEM, BancoSol was chartered as a private commercial bank in 1992.  The paper discusses the intangible assets inherited from PRODEM that gave BancoSol a head start and the additional advantages that resulted from formalization as a bank, in particular from the authorization to mobilize...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28328

BANCOSOL: THE CHALLENGE OF GROWTH FOR MICROFINANCE ORGANIZATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez-Vega,   Claudio; Schreiner,   Mark; Meyer,   Richard L.; Rodriguez-Meza,   Jorge; Navajas,   Sergio.
This paper focuses on the difficulties inherent in the prudent management of growth of microfinance organizations and on potential limits to the increased efficiency, profitability, and sustainability expected from growth and large size.  The paper addresses both positive and negative implications of rapid growth for microfinance organizations.  The experience of BancoSol in Bolivia is used to illustrate these questions. Building upon the successful experience of PRODEM, BancoSol was chartered as a private commercial bank in 1992.  The paper discusses the intangible assets inherited from PRODEM that gave BancoSol a head start and the additional advantages that resulted from formalization as a bank, in particular from the authorization to mobilize deposits....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28333

BANDWIDTH SELECTION FOR SPATIAL HAC AND OTHER ROBUST COVARIANCE ESTIMATORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Cho,   Seong-Hoon.
This research note documents estimation procedures and results for an empirical investigation of the performance of the recently developed spatial, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) covariance estimator calibrated with different kernel bandwidths. The empirical example is concerned with a hedonic price model for residential property values. The first bandwidth approach varies an a priori determined plug-in bandwidth criterion. The second method is a data driven cross-validation approach to determine the optimal neighborhood. The third approach uses a robust semivariogram to determine the range over which residuals are spatially correlated. Inference becomes more conservative as the plug-in bandwidth is increased. The data-driven...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial HAC; Semivariogram; Bandwidth; Hedonic model; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C31; R21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44258

BANDWIDTH SELECTION FOR SPATIAL HAC AND OTHER ROBUST COVARIANCE ESTIMATORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   Dayton M.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Cho,   Seong-Hoon.
This research note documents estimation procedures and results for an empirical investigation of the performance of the recently developed spatial, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent (HAC) covariance estimator calibrated with different kernel bandwidths. The empirical example is concerned with a hedonic price model for residential property values. The first bandwidth approach varies an a priori determined plug-in bandwidth criterion. The second method is a data driven cross-validation approach to determine the optimal neighborhood. The third approach uses a robust semivariogram to determine the range over which residuals are spatially correlated. Inference becomes more conservative as the plug-in bandwidth is increased. The data-driven...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial HAC; Semivariogram; Bandwidth; Hedonic model; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C31; R21.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45964

Bang for the Buck: Cost-Effective Control of Invasive Species with Different Life Histories
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buhle,   Eric; Margolis,   Michael; Ruesink,   Jennifer L.
Strategies for controlling invasive species can be aimed at any or all of the stages in the life cycle. In this paper we show how to combine biological data on population dynamics with simple economic data on control cost options to determine the least costly set of strategies that will halt an invasion. We then apply our methods to oyster drills (Ocinebrellus inornatus), an economically important aquaculture pest that has been accidentally introduced worldwide. If the costs of intervention were the same across life stages, extermination of adults would be an inefficient way to control species with the population dynamics characteristics of invaders. In the oyster drill case, however, efficient control targets adults because they are much easier to find.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Bioeconomics; Control strategies; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q2; Q22.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10793

Banking on "Green Money": Are Environmental Financial Responsibility Rules Fulfilling Their Promise?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boyd,   James.
Financial responsibility rules are an increasingly common form of environmental regulation. Currently, the operators of landfills, underground petroleum storage tanks, offshore rigs, and oil tankers must demonstrate the existence of adequate levels of capital as a precondition to the legal operation of their businesses. Environmental financial responsibility ensures that firms possess the resources to compensate society for pollution costs created in the course of business operations. In addition to providing a source of funds for victim compensation and pollution remediation, financial responsibility is thought to motivate better decision-making, particularly regarding the management of long-term risks. This article describes both the promise of financial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial responsibility; Environmental liability; Waste disposal; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; L51; K32.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10592

Banking Permits: Economic Efficiency and Distributional Effects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
Most analyses of the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms focus on the cost effectiveness of “where” flexibility (e.g. by showing that mitigation costs are lower in a global permit market than in regional markets or in permit markets confined to Annex 1 countries). Less attention has been devoted to “when” flexibility, i.e. to the benefits of allowing emission permit traders to bank their permits for future use. In the model presented in this paper, banking of carbon allowances in a global permit market is fully endogenised, i.e. agents may decide to bank permits by taking into account their present and future needs and the present and future decisions of all the other agents. It is therefore possible to identify under what conditions traders find it optimal to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Banking; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C72; H23; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6362

Banking Sector Reform and Financial Regulation: It's Effects on Access to Financial Services by Low Income Households in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chiumya,   Chiara.
The change in government in 1991 brought about radical economic reform, from state control to an economy led by private sector development. The reforms included decentralisation, privatisation and liberalisation of the financial sector. Liberalisation initially led to the proliferation of financial institutions in the financial sector. However, it also led to a number of bank failures, resulting in the closure of nine commercial banks since 1995. Access to financial services by the majority of Zambian's was further constrained by the closure of unprofitable rural branches by commercial banks, the raising of minimum account balances and the introduction of bank charges, as well as the closure of a number of Government owned financial institutions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30552

Bankruptcy Risk and Imperfectly Enforced Emissions Taxes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Zhang,   Wei.
Under favorable but reasonable conditions, an imperfectly enforced emissions tax produces the efficient allocation of individual emissions control; aggregate emissions are independent of whether enforcement of the tax is sufficient to induce the full compliance of firms, and differences in individual violations are independent of firm-level differences. All of these desirable characteristics disappear when some firms under an emissions tax risk bankruptcy—the allocation of emissions control is inefficient, imperfect enforcement causes higher aggregate emissions, and financially insecure firms choose higher violations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankruptcy; Emissions Taxes; Limited Liability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; Q28; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42127

Bankruptcy Risk and the Performance of Tradable Permit Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stranlund,   John K.; Zhang,   Wei.
We study the impact of bankruptcy risk on markets for tradable environmental and natural resource permits. We find that firms that risk bankruptcy demand more permits than if they were financially secure. Consequently, bankruptcy risk in a competitive market for tradable property rights causes an inefficient distribution of individual choices among regulated firms. Moreover, the equilibrium distribution of permits is not independent of the initial distribution of permits. In fact, the inefficiency that is associated with bankruptcy risk is mitigated if financially insecure firms are given a larger share of the initial allocation of permits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bankruptcy; Tradable permits; Permit markets; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q28; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7384

"Bargaining" and Gender Relations: Within and Beyond the Household
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agarwal,   Bina.
Highlighting the problems posed by a "unitary" conceptualization of the household, a number of economists have in recent years proposed alternative models. These models, especially those embodying the bargaining approach, provide a useful framework for analyzing gender relations and throw some light on how gender asymmetries are constructed and contested. At the same time, the models have paid inadequate or no attention to some critical aspects of intrahousehold gender dynamics, such as: what factors (especially qualitative ones) affect bargaining power? What is the role of social norms and social perceptions in the bargaining process and how might these factors themselves be bargained over? Are women less motivated than men by self-interest and might this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42661

Bargaining Coalitions in the Agricultural Negotiations of the Doha Round: Similarity of Interests or Strategic Choices? An Empirical Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costantini,   Valeria; Crescenzi,   Riccardo; de Filippis,   Fabrizio; Salvatici,   Luca.
The paper aims at understanding the structural features of the bargaining coalitions in the Doha Round of the WTO. We provide an empirical assessment of the preferences of each negotiating actor looking at general economics indicators, development levels, structure of the agricultural sectors, and trade policies for agricultural products. Bargaining coalitions are analyzed by grouping countries through a cluster analysis procedure. The clusters are compared with existing coalitions, in order to assess their degree of internal homogeneity as well as their common interests. Such a comparison allows the detection of possible “defectors”, i.e. countries that according to their economic conditions and policies seem to be relatively less committed to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12163

Bargaining over governments in a stochastic environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Merlo,   Antonio.
In this paper we structurally estimate a game-theoretic model of government formation in a multiparty parliamentary democracy.  We focus on the timing and the terms of government agreements in the context of a multilateral stochastic model of sequential bargaining with complete information (Merlo and Wilson (1194, 1995)) where efficient delays may occur in the unique equilibrium.  Besides showing that our model yields a good fit to the data on the duration of negotiations over government formation as well as government durations in postwar Italy, we use our estimates to quantify the advantage to proposing and to conduct policy experiments to evaluate the effects of changes in the bargaining procedure.  We show that the gains from proposing tend to be quite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Noncooperative bargaining; Delay; Government formation; Structural estimation; Duration models.; Political Economy; C41; C51; C73; C78; D72.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7476

BARGAINING POWER FOR FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1968
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14099

Bargaining Power in Relational Contracts: An Experimental Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cordero Salas,   Paula.
This paper provides experimental evidence of the economic impact from shifting bargaining power in relational contracts. I implement an experimental design that adjusts the bargaining power of sellers (agents) and the enforceability of the contract. I find that the vast majority of contracts take the form of efficiency wage contracts instead of contingent performance contracts when enforcement is partially incomplete and sellers have more bargaining power than buyers. The total contracted and actual compensation increase with the bargaining power of the sellers. However, sellers' profits are found to increase only if a part of the total payment is third-party enforceable. In this case, observed surplus and efficiency are lower than predictions. When no...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contracts; Incomplete enforcement; Bargaining; Experiments; Distribution; Institutions; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; D86; K12; L14; O12; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103579

BARGE MOVEMENTS ON THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER: TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS 1963-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fruin,   Jerry E.; Halbach,   Daniel Walter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13682

BARGE TRAFFIC ON THE ILLINOIS AND MISSOURI RIVERS: 1972-1992
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fruin,   Jerry E.; Halbach,   Daniel Walter.
This paper reviews the traffic volumes and changes in traffic volumes, destinations, and commodity mixes on the Illinois and Missouri Rivers.  The time period reviewed is 1972 to 1992.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13378

BARLEY PRODUCTION COSTS: A CROSS-BORDER COMPARISON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey; Janzen,   Edward L.
Barley production costs are compared for five states and three Canadian provinces.  A stochastic simulation, incorporating yield and exchange-rate risk, is used to characterize regional cost advantages in terms of probabilities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Barley; Production costs; Yield risk; Simulation analysis; Agricultural Finance; Production Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23279

Barriers Facing New Entrants to Farming – an Emphasis on Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Williams,   Fiona.
Recent UK studies highlight some of the challenges of adjustment facing the farming industry; an ageing farming population, a common absence of successor, and economic barriers combining to deter new entrants to the industry. Yet the future of farming is dependent on continued entry by new farm operators, either through the family farm business, new entrants from other sectors or via the ‘agricultural ladder’ i.e. from a farm worker to tenant to owner operator. Evidence suggests that new entrants in each situation encounter difficulties, some generic and some specific to individual cases. What is unclear is the role and influence of a range of policies on new entrant decisions. At a time when the farming industry is under pressure to compete and adjustment...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46002

Base and Yield Update Option Analyzer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Klose,   Steven L.
The Base and Yield Update Option Analyzer (BYA) is a decision support tool for analyzing the economic consequences of the Base Acre and Payment Yield update options in the 2002 farm bill. The BYA is provided by Texas A&amp;M University for educational purposes and is not intended to replace or duplicate the final FSA calculations done for individual farm numbers. The 2002 farm bill offers farmers a one time opportunity to update base and payment yields. The BYA provides a comprehensive system for evaluating the economic consequences of selecting different update alternatives for each farm number before going to the FSA office.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42710

Base and Yield Update Option Analyzer with CCP Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.; Klose,   Steven L.
The Base and Yield Update Option Analyzer (BYA) is a decision support tool for analyzing the economic consequences of the Base Acre and Payment Yield update options in the 2002 farm bill. The BYA is provided by Texas A&amp;M University for educational purposes and is not intended to replace or duplicate the final FSA calculations done for individual farm units. The 2002 farm bill offers farmers a one time opportunity to update base and payment yields. The BYA provides a comprehensive system for evaluating the economic consequences of selecting different update alternatives for each farm unit before going to the FSA office.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42711

BASE REVENUE PROTECTION AND REVENUE COUNTERCYCLICAL PROGRAMS FOR CORN IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aakre,   Dwight G.; Haugen,   Ronald H.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
The National Corn Growers Association Public Policy Team’s Base Revenue Projection Program (BRP) and the Revenue Countercyclical Program (RCCP) were analyzed. The analysis was done for corn using the BRP-RCCP calculator, as developed by the National Corn Growers Association. Three representative counties (Richland, Barnes and Foster) were chosen in North Dakota. Historic and projected data were used to analyze 2002 to 2010 crop years. A comparison of the BRP-RCCP programs to the current farm program was done.  For 2002 to 2005, Barnes County would have received more total payments under the BRP-RCCP program than with the current farm program. The gain would have been $24.12 per acre during the four years. Richland and Foster counties would have received...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm bill; Corn; Countercyclical payments; Revenue; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7302

BASE REVENUE PROTECTION AND REVENUE COUNTERCYCLICAL PROGRAMS FOR SOYBEANS IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aakre,   Dwight G.; Haugen,   Ronald H.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
The National Corn Growers Association Public Policy Team’s Base Revenue Projection Program (BRP) and the Revenue Countercyclical Program (RCCP) were analyzed. The analysis was done for soybeans using the BRP-RCCP calculator, as developed by the National Corn Growers Association. Three representative counties (Cass, Stutsman and Benson) were chosen in North Dakota. Historic and projected data were used to analyze 2002 to 2010 crop years. A comparison of the BRP-RCCP programs to the current farm program was done.  From 2002 to 2005, all counties would have received more payments with the BRP-RCCP program than they would have received under the current farm program. Benson County would benefit the most from this program, receiving $58.56 per acre more during...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm bill; Soybeans; Countercyclical payments; Revenue; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7301

BASE REVENUE PROTECTION AND REVENUE COUNTERCYCLICAL PROGRAMS FOR SPRING WHEAT IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aakre,   Dwight G.; Haugen,   Ronald H.; Swenson,   Andrew L.
The National Corn Growers Association Public Policy Team’s Base Revenue Projection Program (BRP) and the Revenue Countercyclical Program (RCCP) were analyzed. The analysis was done for spring wheat using the BRP-RCCP calculator, as developed by the National Corn Growers Association. Three representative counties (Hettinger, Ward and Cavalier) were chosen in North Dakota. Historic and projected data were used to analyze 2002 to 2010 crop years. A comparison of the BRP-RCCP programs to the current farm program was done.  From 2002 to 2005, Ward County would have received nearly identical payments under the BRP-RCCP program and the current farm program. The Hettinger County farm would have received considerably more under the BRP-RCCP program - $76.87 per...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm bill; Wheat; Countercyclical payments; Revenue; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7300

Baseline Determination at Government Discretion: Multi-Project Baselines for the First Track of Joint Implementation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Schmitz,   Simon.
The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Joint Implementation; Baselines; Institutions; Host countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; O13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26173

Basic Principles of Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Jonathan M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15600

Basing Superfund Cleanups on Future Land Uses: Promising Remedy or Dubious Nostrum?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris; Hersh,   Robert; Probst,   Katherine N.
Supporters of the effort to link cleanups at hazardous waste sites to the sites' expected land uses claim that amending language in the federal Superfund statute to allow this may yield a number of benefits. These include rationalizing the cleanup process and decreasing cleanup costs, promoting economic development in the local communities that host Superfund sites, and helping such communities exercise more control over the cleanups. However, interviews with Superfund stakeholders and a detailed case study call into question these arguments. The current role of land use in cleanup, uncertainties about whether economic development is likely at the bulk of Superfund sites, the long-run viability of institutional controls, the willingness of communities to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land use; Economic development; Superfund; Land Economics/Use; Q24; Q28; R52.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10540

BAYES' ESTIMATES OF THE DOUBLE HURDLE MODEL IN THE PRESENCE OF FIXED COSTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holloway,   Garth J.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Ehui,   Simeon K.
We present a model of market adoption (participation) where the presence of non-negligible fixed costs leads to non-zero censoring of the traditional double-hurdle regression.  Fixed costs arise due to household resources that must be devoted a priori to the decision to participate in the market.  These costs-usually a cost of time-motivate two-step decision-making and focus attentions on the minimum-efficient scale of operations (the minimum amount of milk sales) at which market entry becomes viable.  This focus, in turn, motivates a non-zero-censored Tobit regression estimated through routine application of Markov chain Monte Carlo Methods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market participation; Fixed costs; Double-hurdle model; Censored regression.; Financial Economics; O1; O11; C34; O13; Q16; D1.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14741

Bayesian Analysis of a Japanese Meat Demand System: A Robust Likelihood Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heckelei,   Thomas; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.; Wahl,   Thomas I.
This paper presents an application of Bayesian analysis to an AIDS model of Japanese meat demand extending previous approaches in three ways: (1) The methodology employed is robust with respect to the likelihood function but retains the generic, easily programmable character of algorithms offered by Monte Carlo Integration approaches based on the normal likelihood function. (2) In addition to inequality constraints, linear exact restrictions and stochastic prior information are subjected to a Bayesian posterior analysis of validity and incorporated into Bayesian point estimates of model parameters and elasticities. (3) In order to assess the influence of the prior density on posterior distributions of model parameters relative to the likelihood, a measure...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18783

Bayesian Bootstrap Analysis of Systems of Equations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heckelei,   Thomas; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18786

BAYESIAN ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE DEMAND FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS IN THE NETHERLANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Oskam,   Arie J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14015

Bayesian Estimation of Technical Efficiency of a Single Input
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Carriquiry,   Alicia L.
We propose estimation of a stochastic production frontier model within a Bayesian framework to obtain the posterior distribution of single-input-oriented technical efficiency at the firm level. The proposed method is applicable to the estimation of environmental efficiency of agricultural production when the technology interaction with the environment is modeled via public inputs such as soil quality and environmental conditions. All computations are carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We illustrate the approach by applying it to production data from Ukrainian collective farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stochastic production frontier; Bayesian estimation; Input efficiency; Environmental efficiency; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18545

BAYESIAN HERDERS: ASYMMETRIC UPDATING OF RAINFALL BELIEFS IN RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL FORECASTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; McPeak,   John G.; Luseno,   Winnie K.
Temporal climate risk weighs heavily on many of the world's poor. Recent advances in model-based climate forecasting have expanded the range, timeliness and accuracy of forecasts available to decision-makers whose welfare depends on stochastic climate outcomes. There has consequently been considerable recent investment in improved climate forecasting for the developing world. Yet, in cultures that have long used indigenous climate forecasting methods, forecasts generated and disseminated by outsiders using unfamiliar methods may not readily gain the acceptance necessary to induce behavioral change.  The value of model-based climate forecasts depends critically on the premise that forecast recipients actually use external forecast information to update...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; O1; D1; Q12.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14762

Bayesian Learning and the Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
We study the importance of anticipated learning - about both environmental damages and abatement costs - in determining the level and the method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. We also compare active learning, passive learning, and parameter uncertainty without learning. Current beliefs about damages and abatement costs have an important effect on the optimal level of emissions, However, the optimal level of emissions is not sensitive either to the possibility of learning about damages. or to the type of learning (active or passive), Taxes dominate quotas, but by a small margin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Uncertainty; Bayesian learning; Asymmetric information; Choice of instruments; Dynamic optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Cll; C6l; D8; H2l; Q28.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6214

Bayesian Model Averaging in the Context of Spatial Hedonic Pricing: An Application to Farmland Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Since 1973, British Columbia created an Agricultural Land Reserve to protect farmland from development. In this study, we employ GIS-based hedonic pricing models of farmland values to examine factors that affect farmland prices. We take spatial lag and error dependence into explicit account. However, the use of spatial econometric techniques in hedonic pricing models is problematic because there is uncertainty with respect to the choice of the explanatory variables and the spatial weighting matrix. Bayesian model averaging techniques in combination with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition are used to allow for both types of model uncertainty.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bayesian model averaging; Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition; Spatial econometrics; Hedonic pricing; GIS; Urban-rural fringe; Farmland fragmentation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; R11; R15; C50; R14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37046

BEDOUIN, JEWS, AND THE POTENTIAL FOR CO-DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEGEV DESERT: DIFFICULT RESEARCH LESSONS FROM ISRAEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adelberg,   Charles R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13535

BEDRIJFSECONOMISCHE IMPACT VAN BIOTECHNOLOGIE IN DE BELGISCHE SUIKERBIETENTEELT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Venter,   Katrien; Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
Through Monte Carlo simulation techniques, all possible scenarios are analyzed of the impact of the potential adoption of genetically modified herbicide tolerant sugar beets on the economics of Belgian sugar beet growers. The most likely gain for the average Belgian sugar beet grower amounts to €125 /ha. Assuming an adoption rate of 75%, this transates into a total benefit foregone of €9 million for Belgian agriculture in the agricultural season 1998-1999. Three quarters of this benefit are absorbed by the farmers, while one quarter, i.e. €3 million, is extracted by the gene developers and seed suppliers. This refutes the argument of a seed industry extracting all benefits from biotechnology innovations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31847

Bedrijfsuitkomsten in de Nederlandse particuliere bosbouw over 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berger,   E.P.; Luijt,   Jan L.; Voskuilen,   M.J.
Annual overview of yields, costs and farm results of private forestry holdings with more than 5 hectares of forest, based on an accountancy network consisting of about 150 holdings. This edition contains the results for 2004 and previous years, specified by area of forest and region. In addition, the yield prices for wood and the size of wood sales are shown. Finally, this report further specifies costs and yields by the functions private forestry companies serve, such as wood production, nature conservation, recreation and landscape, and game management.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29131

BEEF DEMAND AND HEALTH AND FOOD SAFETY RISKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grier,   Kevin.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on beef demand. More specifically, however, the purpose of the paper is to show how Canadian producers, processors and industry associations have helped to improve beef demand as a result of determined, focused efforts. By having the courage to address sensitive topics like health and safety, the beef industry has helped to improve the most important issue that they faced: the demand for their product.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18116

Beef Housing Economics for Farm-Feedlots
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pherson,   Carl L.; Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Nodland,   Truman R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8453

Beef Mission 2001: Chengdu, Guangzhou, Panyu, and Hong Kong, China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lonergan,   Steven.
The U.S. beef industry has many reasons for optimism about the potential for increasing beef and beef variety meat exports to China. China'’s recent accession to the World Trade Organization lowers tariff rates on imported beef muscle meats and variety meats, low per capita consumption among Chinese consumers means there is good potential for increased consumption, and increasing incomes will allow consumers to purchase more beef. In addition, the Chinese market is highly complementary to the U.S. domestic market and offers potential for additional exports of beef cuts and variety meats that are underutilized in the United States. Observations from a recent trip to China offer insight into the current and potential market for U.S. beef.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beef variety meats; China; Consumption; Distribution; Packaging; Production; Retail sector; U.S. beef exports; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18714

BEEF PRICING AND OTHER CONTENTIOUS INDUSTRY ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grier,   Kevin; Martin,   Larry J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18143

Beef Versus Wheat Production in South Central North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krenz,   Ronald D.; Danielson,   Bernard G.
This project was initiated to determine what potential exists in North Dakota to expand livestock production without seriously affecting crop production. Also, there was interest in determining if various types of governmental agricultural programs would be needed or even useful in encouraging livestock production. Funding for this project was provided jointly by the Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. This report will hopefully be useful both to producers in the study area and to public policymakers concerned with the grain and livestock economy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23398

BEEF WASTE MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS FOR MINNESOTA FARMER-FEEDERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pherson,   Carl L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13875

Beginning Farmers in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Ekstrom,   Brenda L.; Wanzek,   Janet K.; Mortensen,   Timothy L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23449

BEHAVIOR AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPLICATIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL AND PROJECT FUNDING OF RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bredahl,   Maury E.; Bryant,   W. Keith; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14058

Behavioral Incentives, Equilibrium Endemic Disease, and Health Management Policy for Farmed Animals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
We develop a dynamic capital valuation model in which each farm can take an action with farm-varying cost to increase the probability of not contracting a disease. In the presence of infection externalities, circumstances are identified under which multiple equilibria exist and where the one involving the most extensive set of action takers is socially optimal. It is suggested that costly capital markets are one factor in determining the extent of endemic disease in a region. The introduction of frictions, such as dealing with a cumbersome veterinary public health bureaucracy, can enhance social welfare by encouraging precautionary biosecurity actions. Some technical innovations can reduce social welfare. The model is also extended to study a voluntary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosecurity; Continuous time; Multiple equilibria; Nash behavior; Reinfection; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18330

BEHAVIOURS OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. Analysis based on New (and not so new) Institutional Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This article draws mostly (but not entirely) on new institutional economics to consider the likely behaviours of non-government conservation organizations and the implications of these behaviours for biodiversity conservation. It considers how institutional factors may result in behaviour of conservation NGOs diverging from their objectives, including their support for biodiversity conservation; examines aspects of rent capture and conservation alliances; specifies social factors that may restrict the diversity of species supported by NGOs for conservation; considers bounded rationality in relation to the operation of conservation NGOs; and using game theory, shows how competition between NGOs for funding can result in economic inefficiencies and narrow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity conservation; Bounded rationality; Civil society; Common Agricultural Policy; European Union; Landcare; Mixed goods; New institutional economics; New Zealand; NGOs; Principal-and-agent problem; Political acceptability; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; Q00; Q2; Q5; Q57; Z13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6185

Being Poor, Feeling Poorer: Combining Objective and Subjective Measures of Welfare in Albania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Calogero; Zezza,   Alberto.
As shown empirically for many transition economies, even small changes in assumptions on economies of size and adult equivalence scales are likely to produce significant changes in the analysis of poverty and its distribution across households and individuals. Since such exercises are then used to orient and prioritize policy actions (e.g. the targeting of scarce social assistance resources) it is important to refine our understanding of the extent to which poverty measures and the resulting profiles are sensitive to specific assumptions. In this paper we investigate how combining objective and subjective measures of welfare can provide insights that are helpful in addressing these questions, particularly with respect to the presence of economies of scale...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Poverty Measurement; Subjective Poverty; Equivalence Scales; Economies of Scale in Consumption; Albania.; Food Security and Poverty; I31; I32; O52; D60.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23801

BEITRAGE DES 2.DOKTORANDENWORKSHOPS ZUR AGRARENTWICKLUNG IN MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPA 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin; Balmann,   Alfons.
VORWORT DER HERAUSGEBER Martin Petrick, Alfons Balmann Dieses Discussion Paper enthält die Kurzfassungen der Beiträge, die im Rahmen des Workshops zur Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa für Doktoranden und Post-Doc'’s vorgestellt und diskutiert werden sollen. Dieser Workshop findet nach der erfreulichen Reso-nanz im vergangenen Jahr nun zum zweiten Mal, vom 17. bis 19. Juni 2004, am IAMO statt, wobei die Anzahl der eingereichten Beiträge noch über dem Wert des Vorjahres lag. Ziel der Veranstaltung ist es, Nachwuchswissenschaftlern die Möglichkeit zu geben, Ihre Forschungs-vorhaben zu präsentieren und zu diskutieren. Die folgenden Kurzfassungen sollen allerdings nicht nur als Diskussionsgrundlage für den Workshop dienen, sondern auch einen...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14885

BEITRAGE DES 3. DOKTORANDENWORKSHOPS ZUR AGRARENTWICKLUNG IN MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPA 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Curtiss,   Jarmila; Petrick,   Martin; Balmann,   Alfons.
This Discussion Paper contains the contributions to be presented at the "Workshop zur Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa für Doktoranden und Post-Docs" to take place at IAMO from 11 to 13 July, 2005. After last year'’s positive reception, the workshop will be held for the third time, and again enjoys a respectable number of contributions. The aim of the event is to provide young scientists with the opportunity to present and discuss their research.  The following short versions of the contributions shall not only serve as a basis for discussion during the workshop, but also offer a cross-sectional overview of current research on agriculture in Central and Eastern Europe being done by young scientists. Although a broad spectrum of issues is covered,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14936

BEITRAGE DES DOKTORANDENWORKSHOPS ZUR AGRARENTWICKLUNG IN MITTEL- UND OSTEUROPA 2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin; Balmann,   Alfons; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
Dieses Discussion Paper enthält die Kurzfassungen der Beitrsge, die im Rahmen des Workshops zur Agrarentwicklung in Mittel- und Osteuropa fur Doktoranden und Post-Doc’'s vorgestellt und diskutiert werden sollen. Dieser Workshop mochte Nachwuchswissenschaftlern die Moglichkeit geben, Ihre Forschungsvorhaben zu prssentieren und zu diskutieren. Er findet erstmalig in dieser Form am IAMO statt. Die folgenden Kurzfassungen sollen allerdings nicht nur als Diskussionsgrundlage fur den Workshop dienen, sondern auch einen Querschnittsuberblick uber die gegenwsrtige Nachwuchsforschung im Agrarbereich zu Mittel- und Osteuropa vermitteln. Wir denken, dass ein breites Spektrum von relevanten Themen bearbeitet wird. Dies entspricht einerseits dem interdisziplinären...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14934

Benchmark Yield Undershooting in the E.M.U.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antzoulatos,   Angelos A.
With the elimination of foreign exchange risk among the E.M.U.-member countries, the yield of, say, French benchmark government bonds (henceforth, the yield) should be equal to that of German bonds, plus some credit and liquidity premia. Since both premia are not likely to change substantially from one day to the other, the yield should move in tandem with the German one and the corresponding spread should remain relatively stable. Yet, the yield exhibits a small but economically and statistically significant undershooting in response to changes in the German one, as a result of which the spread tends to decline when the latter increases, and vice-versa. We propose that the undershooting is the product of lagged adjustment in the European bond portfolios...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benchmark Government Bonds; E.M.U.; Credit and Liquidity Premia; Bid/Ask Spread; Financial Economics; E43; F36; G11; G15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26207

Benchmarking in Tourism Destination, Keeping in Mind the Sustainable Paradigm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Cassinelli,   Mariaester; Lanza,   Alessandro.
Tourism destination benchmarking and the assessment of tourism management performances are a crucial and challenging task in the direction of evaluating tourism sustainability and reshaping tourism activities. However, assessing tourism management efficiency per se may not provide enough information concerning long-term performances, which is what sustainability is about. Natural resources management should therefore be included in the analysis to provide a more exhaustive picture of long-run sustainable efficiency and tourism performances. Indeed, while the environmental endowment of a site is a key feature in tourism destination comparison, what really matters is its effective management. Therefore, in this paper we assess and compare tourism...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12156

BENCHMARKING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF UNIVERSITY EXTENSION:  A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.
A stochastic frontier model is used to explain the performance evaluation of U.S. university extension providers by organic producers.  The model makes explicit the nonmanagerial factors that influence both performance ratings and performance efficiency, defined as achieving a rating as close to the "best" rating as possible.  Results indicate that extension agents are performing at relatively high mean efficiency of 0.92, but that the average rating is relatively low at 2.66 on a four-point scale.  Several sources of potential bias in ratings are identified as a way for managers to more accurately conduct individual performance assessments.  Programmatic changes to emphasize more collaborative research and training are suggested by the positive effects on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16721

Benefit Transfer as Preference Calibration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; van Houtven,   George; Pattanayak,   Subhrendu K.
This paper proposes and illustrates the use of a new approach to benefit transfer for the non-market valuation of environmental resources. It treats transfer as an identification problem that requires assessing whether available benefit estimates permit the parameters of a preference function to be identified. The transfer method proposed uses these identifying restrictions to calibrate preference parameters and bases the benefit estimates on that preference function. The approach is illustrated using travel cost, hedonic and contingent valuation estimates, as well as combinations of estimates. It has three potential advantages over conventional practice: (1) it allows multiple, potentially overlapping estimates of the benefits of an improvement in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit transfer; Calibration; Non-market valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; Q20; H40.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10607

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF INCOME MAINTENANCE PROPOSALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanders,   John H.; Waldo,   Arley D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13505

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF SURFACED ROADS IN THE EASTERN RICE REGION OF INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spriggs,   John.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13361

Benefit-Cost Analysis of Uganda’s Clonal Coffee Replanting Program: An Ex-Ante Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benin,   Samuel; You,   Liangzhi.
The Ugandan coffee industry is facing some serious challenges, including low international prices in the international coffee market, aging coffee trees and declining productivity, and, more recently, the appearance of coffee-wilt disease, which have all contributed to the decline in both the quantity and value of coffee exports. The government of Uganda, through the Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA), in 1993/94 started a coffee-replanting program to both replace coffee trees that were old or affected by coffee-wilt and expand coffee production into other suitable areas in northern and eastern Uganda. This program seems to be helping to both combat the industry’s problems and reverse the declining trends. However, the UCDA announced in 2004 that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clonal coffee; Benefit-cost analysis; IRR; DREAM; Uganda; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42355

BENEFITS AND COSTS OF A VOLUNTARY WHEAT BOARD FOR THE PROVINCE OF ALBERTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Larry J.; Mayer,   Holly; Bouma,   Jerry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18090

BENEFITS OF COOL TO THE CATTLE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plain,   Ronald L.; Grimes,   Glenn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26048

BENEFITS OF COOL TO THE SWINE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Plain,   Ronald L.; Grimes,   Glenn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26037

Benefits Sought by Apple Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manalo,   Alberto B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115908

BENEFITS TRANSFER AND COUNT DATA TRAVEL COST MODELS: AN APPLICATION AND TEST OF A VARYING PARAMETER APPROACH WITH GUIDED WHITEWATER RAFTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bowker,   James Michael; English,   Donald B.K.; Bergstrom,   John C.
We combine currently popular count data methods with earlier work by Vaughan and Russell on varying parameter travel cost models to model trip demand and calculate consumer surplus.  We test and reject the hypothesis that per trip consumer surplus from guided rafting is invariant to river characteristics.  We then develop and test a series of benefit transfer functions against benefits derived from individual river models.  Our findings suggest that this flexible form of count data model offers considerable promise as a benefit transfer function.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefits transfer; Whitewater rafting; Travel cost; Count data models; Varying parameters; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16703

Besoins en informations des grossistes pour une augmentation du volume des échanges en Afrique de l’Ouest.
Provedor de dados: 31
Reports (in French) on Stakeholders' Market Information Needs to Engage in Regional Trade. Mali
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market information; Guinea; Mali; Senegal; Agriculture; Food security; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57264

Best practices voor Vogel- en Habitatrichtlijn
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vader,   Janneke; Reinhard,   Stijn.
This report briefly describes a number of spatial planning projects which take into account the demands of nature conservancy legislation. It identifies a number of best practices which are important for the permit procedure of the revised Nature Conservancy Act 1998. The study forms the input for the Checklist of the amended Nature Conservancy Act 1998, which LEI developed on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality. The report constitutes a background document with the checklist.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29115

BETTER DEAD THAN GM-FED?  INFORMATION AND THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMERS' RESISTANCE TO GM-FOODS IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.; Rousu,   Matthew C.; Shogren,   Jason F.; Tegene,   Abebayehu.
This paper addressed the puzzling resistance of Presidents of southern African countries to food aid in 2002, given near certain starvation and long-term negative health effects of malnutrition of their constituents.  First, I show that NGOs led by Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth are disseminating information claiming that GM foods are dangerous to human health and are "Frankenfoods."  Second, people in European Union countries, who are not in any danger of starvation, have strong preferences for non-GM foods, which they can easily afford.  Over the long term, however, the tastes of EU consumers matter to southern African countries because some of these countries hope to export agricultural products in the future.  GM-food aid, which most likely would...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18208

Better Principles: New Approaches to Teaching Introductory Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Jonathan M.; Goodwin,   Neva R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15579

Better Rich, or Better There? : Grandparent Wealth, Coresidence, and Intrahousehold Allocation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper uses three-generation retrospective data from the rural Philippines to examine the role of the extended family, proxied by alternative measures of grandparent coresidence, on investments in children. An extension of the wealth model of intergenerational transfers shows that extended family resources may affect transfers to children if parents are credit constrained. Family-level unobservables are important in determining the allocation of education and land between sons and daughters. Both parent and grandparent pre-marriage wealth affect children’s completed schooling levels. Grandparent wealth, however, does not seem to affect the distribution of education between sons and daughters, although it affects the allocation of land. Grandparent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource Allocation; Gender issues; Education; Gender; Property rights; Household Resource Allocation; Education; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97298

Between Conservationism, Eco-Populism and Developmentalism: Discourses in Biodiversity Policy in Thailand and Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wittmer,   Heidi; Birner,   Regina.
The present paper analyzes the role of discourse in conflicts concerning nature conservation in tropical countries. We focus on the contested question as to whether and to which extent local communities should be allowed to live and use resources inside protected areas. Applying the concepts of belief-systems, story-lines and discourse coalitions, we analyze two empirical case studies dealing with this conflict: The first case study is concerned with a policy process at the national level that aimed at passing a community forestry law in Thailand to make the establishment of community forests in protected areas possible. The second case study deals with the proposed resettlement of a village from the Lore Lindu National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. In both...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discourse; Biodiversity conservation; Protected area management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42490

Between Market Failure, Policy Failure and "Community Failure": Property Rights, Crop-Livestock Conflicts and the Adoption of Sustainable Land Use Practices in the Dry Zone of Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birner,   Regina; Gunaweera,   Hasantha.
Using the case of the semi-arid zone of Southern Sri Lanka as an example, the paper shows that crop damages caused by grazing livestock can constitute an important obstacle to the adoption of available technologies for more sustainable land use. The paper considers crop damages as an externality problem and shows that the classical solutions to externalities—the neo-liberal, the interventionist solution and the communitarian solution—cannot be applied in the Sri Lankan case due to market failure, government failure and “community failure.” The paper discusses collective action and bargaining between organized interest groups as an alternative solution and analyses the conditions which make such a solution work. The paper concludes that - in the Sri Lankan...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50053

Between Two Poles: Matching Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes in Mercosur
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias; Hefeker,   Carsten; Koopmann,   Georg.
The paper reviews exchange rate options for Mercosur countries. We start from the observation that most of the countries in the region have a longstanding tendency to adopt fixed exchange rates, and ask how such a system could best be designed. The Argentine crisis has demonstrated that unilateral currency pegs imply the risk of serious misalignments with other trading partners and subsequent realignments. The standard basket peg is not a solution because of its limited transparency and credibility. We therefore discuss a proposal to create dual currency boards that could be a workable solution for the Mercosur countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Exchange Rate Regime; Currency Board; Latin America; Mercosur; International Relations/Trade; F31; F4.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26327

BEYOND BEEF AND BARLEY: ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION AND SOCIAL FACTORS IN FARMING DIVERSIFICATION AND SUSTAINABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gertler,   Michael E.; Jaffe,   Joann; Swystun,   Lenore.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31784

Beyond Bono: Making Foreign Aid More Efficient in Putting into Place the Development Fundamentals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25055

Beyond Copenhagen: A Realistic Climate Policy in a Fragmented World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Massetti,   Emanuele.
We propose a realistic approach to climate policy based on the Copenhagen Agreement to reduce Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions. We assess by how much the non-binding, although official, commitments to reduce emissions made in Copenhagen will affect the level of world GHGs emissions in 2020. Our estimates are based on official communications to the UNFCCC, on historic data and on the Business-as-Usual scenario of the WITCH model. We are not interested in estimating the gap between the expected level of emissions and what would be needed to achieve the 2°C target. Nor do we attempt to calculate the 2100 temperature level implied by the Copenhagen pledges. We believe these two exercises are subject to high uncertainty and would not improve the current state...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kyoto Protocol; International Climate Agreements; Climate Policy; Clean  Development Mechanism; Environmental Economics and Policy; F5; Q01; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98094

Beyond Economic Efficiency in Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gatzweiler,   Franz W.; Volkmann,   Jorg.
This paper aims at explaining the importance of the democracy stance as compared to the efficiency stance in order to deal with complexity in biodiversity conservation. While the efficiency stance refers to the realm of relatively simple systems, individual rationality, and instrumental values, the complexity stance transcends these boundaries into the realm of complex systems, social rationality and intrinsic values. We argue that the task of biodiversity conservation is impossible to achieve in economically efficient ways, because (a) it is impossible to come to a (fully informed) complete account of all values, not only because it is costly but also because (b) moral values are involved which (by their nature) exclude themselves from being accounted...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Efficiency; Complexity; Values; Institutions; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; B52; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7704

BEYOND GATEWAY CITIES: ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND POVERTY AMONG MEXICAN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES AND CHILDREN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crowley,   Martha L.; Lichter,   Daniel T.; Qian,   Zhenchao.
Our main objective is to better understand how new residential patterns have reshaped patterns of poverty among America's growing Mexican-origin population. We use data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) to document recent changes in poverty rates among native-born and foreign-born Mexicans living in the Southwest and in new regions where many Mexican families have resettled. Our analysis focuses on how changing patterns of employment (e.g., in construction and food processing industries) have altered the risk of poverty among Mexican families and children. We demonstrate that the Mexican population dispersed widely throughout the United States during the 1990s. Perhaps surprisingly, Mexican workers, especially new immigrants, had...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18906

Beyond Goods and Services: Competition Policy, Investment, Mutual Recognition, Movement of Persons, and Broader Cooperation Provisions of Recent FTAs Involving ASEAN Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dayaratna,   Banda O.G.; Whalley,   John.
We discuss recent bilateral, regional, and country trade, partnership, and economic agreements involving both ASEAN as a single entity and individual ASEAN countries (Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia) focusing on their reach beyond conventional trade in goods and services issues. These agreements are recent, but they are numerous and more are under negotiation. We separately synthesize and evaluate provisions in five areas; competition policy, investment, mutual recognition, movement of persons, and broader cooperation. What emerges is of a picture of ill defined general commitments and precise undertaking, which vary from element to element and country pair to country pair, but there can be little doubt as to the presence of substance, which in turn,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24153

Beyond Illinois Brick: The Law and Economics of Cost Pass-Through in the ADM Price Fixing Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Egan,   Leonard; Buckhold,   William.
This article reviews the legal standards and the economics of indirect purchaser cases. Drawn from recent cases on behalf of consumers in the ADM price fixing case, it presents cost pass through models for high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), one of the alleged price fixes in the wet corn milling industry. If soft drink bottlers, a primary user of HFCS, have fixed proportion production, constant returns to scale, and if other bottlers input prices are unaffected by variations in soft drink output due to the price fix, then the impact of the price fix on bottlers' cost is equal to the increase in the price of HFCS. The extent of pass through of the increase by bottlers is shown to depend critically upon the market structure of the bottling industry and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25205

Beyond Second Best: The Whys, Hows and Wherefores of Water Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitlin,   Diana.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30700

Beyond Small-Is-Beautiful: A Buddhist and Feminist Analysis of Ethics and Business
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Julie A.
Buddhist philosophy teaches a thoroughly relational ontology, holding that what really is are relations and processes enfolding out of a common substrate though time. Often, however, attempts to apply Buddhist thinking to economic issues seem to forget this. Corporations and markets are described in the language of substantive structures and impersonal mechanisms, rather than in relational and process terms. This essay argues that a thorough-going Buddhist analysis, supplemented by contemporary insights from feminist theory, yields a relational understanding of business firms and markets that can help move debates about ethics and business beyond issues of scale.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15578

BEYOND THE GREEN BOX: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14417

Beyond the Home Market Effect: Market Size and Specialization in a Multi-Country World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Behrens,   Kristian; Lamorgese,   Andrea R.; Ottaviano,   Gianmarco I.P.; Tabuchi,   Takatoshi.
The standard two-country model of international trade with monopolistic competition predicts a more-than-proportional relationship between a country’s share of world production of a good and its share of world demand for that same good, a result known as the “home market effect”. We first show that this prediction does not generally carry through to the multi-country case, as production patterns are crucially affected by third country effects. We then derive an alternative prediction that holds whatever the number of countries considered. This new prediction takes into account important features of the real world such as comparative advantage due to cross-country technological differences and lack of factor price equalization.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Home Market Effect; Hub Effect; International Trade; Monopolistic Competition; Multi-country Models; International Relations/Trade; F12; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56212

Beyond the Tipping Point: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Urbanization and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beall,   Jo; Guha-Khasnobis,   Basudeb; Kanbur,   Ravi.
By many estimates, the world has just crossed the point where more than half the world’s population is urban, a trend driven by rapid urbanization in developing countries. Urban centers offer economies of scale in terms of productive enterprise and public investment. Cities are social melting pots, centers of innovation and drivers of social change. However, cities are also marked by social differentiation, poverty, conflict and environmental degradation. These are all issues that not only matter to cities but also lie at the heart of development. As such the time is right to consider afresh the relationship between cities and development. This paper introduces a significant new collection of multidisciplinary papers focused on urbanization and its...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51179

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GRAIN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH 1981-1986
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buschena,   David E.; Fruin,   Jerry E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13364

BID-ASK SPREADS IN COMMODITY FUTURES MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryant,   Henry L.; Haigh,   Michael S.
Issues of recent interest and controversy regarding bid-ask spreads in commodity futures markets are investigated.  First we apply competing spread estimators to open outcry transactions data and compare resulting estimates to observed spreads. This enables market microstructure researchers, regulators, exchange officials, and traders the opportunity to evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of bid-ask estimators in markets that do not report bid and ask data, providing an idea of the "worst-case" transaction costs that are likely to be incurred.  We also compare spreads observed before and after trading was automated (and made anonymous) on commodity futures markets, and discover that spreads have generally widened since trading was automated, and that they...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28587

Bidding for Complex Projects: Evidence From the Acquisitions of IT Services
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Albano,   Gian Luigi; Dini,   Federico; Zampino,   Roberto.
Competitive bidding (as auctions) is commonly used to procure goods and services. Public buyers are often mandated by law to adopt competitive procedures to ensure transparency and promote full competition. Recent theoretical literature, however, suggests that open competition can perform poorly in allocating complex projects. In exploring the determinants of suppliers’ bidding behavior in procurement auctions for complex IT services, we find results that are consistent with theory. We find that price and quality do not exhibit the classical tradeoff one would expect: quite surprisingly, high quality is associated to low prices. Furthermore, while quality is mainly driven by suppliers’ experience, price is affected more by the scoring rule and by the level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Procurement Auctions; Scoring Rules; IT Contracts; Price/Quality Ratio; Demand and Price Analysis; D44; D86; H51; H57.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46547

Bidding for WIC infant formula contracts: Do non-WIC customers subsidize WIC customers?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   David E.
Although the WIC food assistance program purchases over one-half of all US infant formula, I find the program has little impact on the prices paid by non-WIC customers. I estimate infant-formula marginal cost and find that it is low compared to price, implying large price-cost markups. But, the WIC program is not to blame. Instead large price-cost markups are likely due to customer’s price insensitivity. WIC’s impact on non-WIC customers comes through an increase in sales owing to a WIC “spill-over” effect. The WIC approved brand attains a prominence in the market that makes it a natural choice for non-WIC customers, which makes attaining WIC approval valuable to firms. Firms bid with rebates to attain exclusive WIC approved status which results in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Price cost margins; WIC; Oligopoly; Food Assistance; Infant Formula; Auctions; Contracts; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; L11; L113; I18; D12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102457

BIDDING ON RAILCARS FOR GRAIN: A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Many of the U.S. railroads have introduced highly differentiated services for grain shipments in recent years, generally in the area of forward guaranteed car service.  Taken together with other alternatives, these mechanisms have had the effect of establishing priority allocations among shippers.  In most cases, pricing and allocation of these services has been with some type of bidding mechanisms.  This paper explores the economic implications of these mechanisms on the grain shipping industry.  A model was developed to identify factors affecting the value of these services and was analyzed in the context of a typical midwestern grain shipment.  A game theory model of competitive bidding was also developed to analyze the effects of critical strategic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Railcars; Guaranteed car service; Railcar allocation; Options; Guarantee; Bidding models; Valuation; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23168

BIENNIUM REPORT ON THE COTTON ECONOMICS RESEARCH LINE-ITEM, 1995/96-1996/97
Provedor de dados: 31
Funding for the Cotton Economics Research line-item from the Texas Legislature became effective on September 1, 1995.  During the first year, the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources and the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics established research priorities and implemented six research projects with the resources.  An annual report of the first year's activities and accomplishments was produced in September, 1996 (Report No. CER-96-1).  This report summarizes the activities and progress made during the two years of the biennium.  Some of the specific research projects are continued from 1995/96, but some are new projects for 1997/98 and beyond are discussed. Six two-year projects were initiated with the funding in 1995/96...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31251

BIENNIUM REPORT ON THE COTTON ECONOMICS RESEARCH LINE-ITEM, 1997/98 - 1998/99
Provedor de dados: 31
Funding for the Cotton Economics Research Special Item from the Texas legislature became effective on September 1, 1995, and by the end of 1998/99 fiscal year, the Cotton Economic Research Special-Item has been funded at $133,478 per year for four years.  The first biennium (1995/96 – 1996/97) report was produced in September, 1997 (Report No. CER-97-16).  This report summarizes the activities and accomplishments in Cotton Economics Research, which is conducted within the Cotton Economics Research Institute at Texas Tech University, during the 1997/98 – 1998/99 biennium.  Of the $266,956 funding for the last biennium, $142,547 (53%) was allocated for student assistantships, $80, 686 (30%) for faculty salaries, and $45,723 (17%) for maintenance and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31255

Bilateral Commitment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bade,   Sophie; Haeringer,   Guillaume; Renou,   Ludovic.
We consider non-cooperative environments in which two players have the power to commit but cannot sign binding agreements. We show that by committing to a set of actions rather than to a single action, players can implement a wide range of action profiles. We give a complete characterization of implementable profiles and provide a simple method to find them. Profiles implementable by bilateral commitments are shown to be generically inefficient. Surprisingly, allowing for gradualism (i.e., step by step commitment) does not change the set of implementable profiles.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12160

BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND CUSTOMS UNIONS: THE IMPACT OF THE EU REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ON BOTSWANA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Scott; Walmsley,   Terrie L.
The EU has indicated that after 2008 its trade relationships with developing countries will be dominated by the development of preferential trade agreements. Although not a consequence of the Cotonou Agreement, the free trade agreement between the EU and the Republic of South Africa (EU RSA FTA) is clearly one of the first fruits of this approach to trade relationships. However, there is no evidence that the design of the EU RSA FTA incorporated a comprehensive general equilibrium evaluation of the agreement for either the signatories or the other southern African nations. The analyses reported here indicate that while the EU RSA FTA may substantially benefit the signatories, there are appreciable negative impacts for other states, especially the RSA’'s...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28699

Bilateral Harmonization of EC and U.S. Agricultural Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mahe,   Louis Adrien Pascal; Tavera,   Christophe.
Agricultural policies in both Europe and the United States provide commodities with an excessively high and distorted pattern of support. The economic interdependencies of the policies give rise to adverse fiscal and economic costs, which are viewed as disharmonies in the existing policy measures both within and between the two regions. Unilateral and simultaneous EC and U.S. policy changes are simulated with an international trade model. They are carried in three steps: (1) grains and feeds, (2) beef and dairy, and (3) sugar. Both cross effects and own effects are examined on typical policy targets. Results suggest that while world prices are sometimes drastically altered, the magnitude of cross effects is small and sometimes ambiguous compared to own...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7457

Bilateral Investment Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: Correlation versus Causation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aisbett,   Emma.
The rapid and concurrent increase in both foreign investment and government efforts to attract foreign investment at the end of last century makes the question of causality between the two both interesting and challenging. I take up this question for the case of the nearly 2,500 bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that have been signed since 1980. Using data on bilateral investment outflows from OECD countries, I test whether BITs stimulate investment in twenty eight low- and middle-income countries. In contrast to previous studies that have found a strong effect from BIT participation, I explicitly model and empirically account for the endogeneity of BIT adoption. I also test for a signaling effect from BITs. I find that the initially strong correlation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7188

BILATERAL TRADE OF DURUM WHEAT AND BARLEY UNDER CUSTA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FARM PRICE AND INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of Canadian exports of durum wheat and barley to the United States on the U.S. domestic prices of these two commodities and farm income in durum wheat and barley growing regions in the United States. Major factors affecting trade flows of agricultural commodities between the United States and Canada are the U.S. export enhancement program, the elimination of Canadian rail subsidies, marketing power of the Canadian Wheat Board, differences in macroeconomic conditions, and differences in resource endowments. They have influenced Canadian exports positively and resulted in major increases in Canadian exports of agricultural commodities to the United States. The increased Canadian exports reduce domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral Trade; Farm Income; Subsidies; Resource Endowments; Durum Wheat; Barley; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23415

BILL 187 - THE AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYEES PROTECTION ACT: A SPECIAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leroux,   George.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18097

Binding Overhang and Tariff-Cutting Formulas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bchir,   Mohamed Hedi; Jean,   Sebastien; Laborde,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18873

BINGE DRINKING AND RISKY SEX AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: DeSimone,   Jeff.
This study examines the relationship between binge drinking and sexual behavior in nationally representative data on age 18–24 four-year college students. For having sex, overall or without condoms, large and significant positive associations are eliminated upon holding constant proxies for time-invariant sexual activity and drinking preferences. However, strong relationships persist for sex with multiple recent partners, overall and without condoms, even controlling for substance use, risk aversion, mental health, sports participation, and sexual activity frequency. Promiscuity is unrelated with non-binge drinking but even more strongly related with binge drinking on multiple occasions. Results from a rudimentary instrumental variables strategy and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90483

BIODIESEL: A POLICY CHOICE FOR MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tiffany,   Douglas G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13437

Biodiesel Feasibility Study: An Evaluation of Biodiesel Feasibility in Wisconsin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fortenbery,   T. Randall.
There has been considerable interest focused on the further development and expansion of a domestic bio-fuels industry. While most early attention from the commercial sector focused on ethanol, interest is now growing in the area of biodiesel production. Reasons for growing interest in biodiesel include its potential for reducing noxious emissions, potential contributions to rural economic development, as an additional demand center for agricultural commodities, and as a way to reduce reliance on foreign oil. Despite interest over the past decade or so, however, experience with biodiesel production in the US is limited. According to the Energy Information Administration, participants in the federal Bioenergy program produced only 18.6 million gallons of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12629

BIODISCOVERY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: A DYNAMIC APPROACH TO ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dedeurwaerdere,   Tom; Krishna,   Vijesh V.; Pascual,   Unai.
This paper examines the use the use of economic incentives for knowledge generation through biodiscovery, in the particular case of the use of a highly valuable biogenetic resource stock from the South for industrial/research input. The focus is on a dynamic approach to contracting and property rights building upon insights from institutional and ecological economics. Two important conclusions come out of this analysis. First, it highlights the necessity to go beyond standard market approaches to economic valuation in order to address the issues of future possibilities of use and innovation and the integration of the different stages in the process of value creation. Second, it shows the necessity of developing alternatives to the current intellectual...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioprospection; Genetic resources; Traditional knowledge; Kani model; Benefit sharing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31928

BIODIVERSITY AND NATURE-BASED TOURISM: THE POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naidoo,   Robin; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
The benefits of nature-based tourism to biodiversity conservation are often presumed but rarely quantified.  The relative value placed on attributes of nature parks is unknown, as is the contribution of biodiversity to tourists' willingness to visit a particular protected area.  We surveyed tourists and foreign residents in Uganda to determine how preferences for particular protected areas are formed.  We evaluated tourists' demand for elevated biodiversity levels (increased numbers of bird species seen), relative to other protected areas attributes.  As the number of bird species increased, tourists demonstrated increased willingness to visit a protected area, independently of all other factors.  We used these results to evaluate a revenue-maximising park...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24092

Biodiversity Valuation in Developing Countries: A Focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The Millennium Development Goals explicitly recognise “sustainable development” as a target. A step towards this is a greater understanding of the significant role of biodiversity in rural communities of developing countries who depend most on the ecosystem goods and services and who as a result may suffer most from its continued degradation. Understanding the input of biodiversity in developing countries to the provision of the ecosystem goods and services (EGS) that are essential to their human well-being is seen as a significant first step in sustainable development, and environmental valuation is a necessary tool for achieving this objective. However, valuing biodiversity in a developing country context can be an intricate affair. While economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Small Island Developing States; Land Economics/Use; Q01; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94842

BIODIVERSITY VERSUS TRANSGENIC SUGAR BEET: THE ONE EURO QUESTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Wesseler,   Justus; Tollens,   Eric.
The decision of whether to release transgenic crops in the EU is one subject to flexibility, uncertainty, and irreversibility.  We analyse the case of herbicide tolerant sugar beet and reassess whether the 1998 de facto moratorium of the EU on transgenic crops for sugar beet was correct from a cost-benefit perspective using a real option approach.  We show that the decision was correct, if households value possible annual irreversible costs of herbicide tolerant sugar beet with about 1 E or more on average.  On the other hand, the total net private reversible benefits forgone if the de facto moratorium is not lifted are in the order of 169 Mio E per year.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31859

Bioeconomic Analysis of Aquaculture's Impact on Wild Stocks and Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Anderson theorizes that development of the aquaculture of a species of fish (also captured in an open-access fishery) favours the conservation of its wild stocks, if competitive market conditions prevail. However, this theory is shown to be subject to significant limitations. While this is less so within his model, it is particularly so in an extended one outlined here. The extended model allows for the possibility that aquaculture development can impact negatively on wild stocks thereby shifting the supply curve of the capture fishery, or raise the demand for the fish species subject both to aquaculture and capture. Such development can threaten wild stocks and their biodiversity. While aquaculture development could in principle have no impact on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture development; Aquatic conservation; Biodiversity; Common-property; Fish farming; Open-access fishery; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48739

Bioeconomic Model of Community Incentives for Wildlife Management Before and After CAMPFIRE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Muchapondwa,   Edwin; Sterner,   Thomas.
This paper formulates a bioeconomic model to analyze community incentives for wildlife management under benefit-sharing programs like the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) in Zimbabwe. Two agents influence the wildlife stock: a parks agency determines hunting quotas, and a local community chooses to either aid or discourage outside poachers. Wildlife generates revenues from hunting licenses and tourism; it also intrudes on local agriculture. We consider two benefit-sharing regimes: shares of wildlife tourism rents and shares of hunting licenses. Resource sharing does not necessarily improve community welfare or incentives for wildlife conservation. Results depend on the exact design of the benefit shares, the size of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic; CAMPFIRE; Community; Poaching; Wildlife; Benefit sharing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H41; Q20.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10717

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94936

BIOECONOMIC MODELLING OF ENDANGERED SPECIES CONSERVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alexander,   Robert R.; Shields,   David W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23692

BIOECONOMICS OF REGULATING NITRATES IN GROUNDWATER: TAXES, QUANTITY RESTRICTIONS, AND POLLUTION PERMITS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Arthur C.; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Soil specific, chance constrained, dynamic models of agricultural production and nitrate leaching are developed to assess the impacts of nitrogen fertilizer taxes, quantity restrictions on fertilizer or leachate, and leachate permits. A programming model uses the solutions of these bioeconomic models to determine regional impacts of the regulations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6850

BIOENERGIE AS A SOURCE OF INCOME OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Makarchuk,   Oksana; Hockmann,   Heinrich; Lissitsa,   Alexej.
Enterprise activity is based on maximization of profit to increase the volume of own capital, to expand manufacture and to guarantee the earning of profit for the long-term period. Therefore everyone searches for new sources of the income by means of which it is possible to maximize cost of the made product. One of new sources of the income in agriculture is a cultivation of agricultural crops for the energy, heat, fuel (biofuel) manufacture. In this "discussion paper" the market is examined for biofuel, as well as their competitiveness is analyzed in comparison to mineral fuels. Germany takes the lead positions on manufacture and use of biofuel among the countries of the European Union and Ukraine has a big potential on the agricultural commodities market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Биотопливо; Биоэтанол; Биомасса; Возобновляемые источники энергии; Конкурентоспособность; Спрос и предложение.Biokraftstoff; Bioethanol; Biomasse; Erneubare Energien; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Angebot und Nachfrage.Biofuel; Bioethanol; Biomass; Renewed energy sources; Competitiveness; Supply and demand.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91735

Bioenergy and Rural Development in Developing Countries: a review of existing studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerber,   Nicolas.
Four broad types of studies on rural development and bioenergy technologies are identified. Within these four types, this discussion paper presents a number of existing studies which are most relevant in the context of developing a research focus on the role, feasibility and issues associated with bioenergy, and in particular biofuels, as engine for rural development in developing countries. The results and recommendations of the referenced studies, reflecting the global trends of the current literature, highlight the importance of bioenergy technologies in the development process of poor rural communities. The surge of biofuels and in particular of their feedstocks on the international agricultural markets has recently commended a lot of attention....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37862

Bio-energy from Mountain Pine Beetle Timber and Forest Residuals: The Economics Story
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In light of the large volumes of pine killed in the Interior forests in British Columbia by the mountain pine beetle, many are keen to employ forest biomass as an energy source. To assess the feasibility of a wood biomass-fired power plant in the BC Interior it is necessary to know both how much physical biomass might be available over the life of a plant, but also its location because transportation costs are likely to be a major operating cost for any facility. To address these issues, we construct a mathematical programming model of fiber flows in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area of BC over a 25-year time horizon. The focus of the model is on minimizing the cost of supplying feedstock throughout space and time. Results indicate that over the life of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Biomass and bio-energy; Forest pests; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45476

Biofuel Economics in a Setting of Multiple Objectives &amp; Unintended Consequences
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaeger,   William K.; Egelkraut,   Thorsten M.
This paper examines biofuels from an economic perspective and evaluates the merits of promoting biofuel production in the context of the policies’ multiple objectives, life-cycle implications, pecuniary externalities, and other unintended consequences. The policy goals most often cited are to reduce fossil fuel use and to lower greenhouse gas emissions. But the presence of multiple objectives and various indirect effects complicates normative evaluation. To address some of these complicating factors, we look at several combinations of policy alternatives that achieve the same set of incremental gains along the two primary targeted policy dimensions, making it possible to compare the costs and cost-effectiveness of each combination of policies. For example,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuel; Biodiesel; Cost-Effectiveness; Indirect Land Use Change Effects; Net Energy; Multiple Objectives; Ethanol; Ghg; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108203

Biofuels: Potential Production Capacity, Effects on Grain and Livestock Sectors, and Implications for Food Prices and Consumers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Tokgoz,   Simla; Elobeid,   Amani E.; Yu,   Tun-Hsiang (Edward); Dong,   Fengxia; Hart,   Chad E.; Chavez,   Eddie C.; Pan,   Suwen; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.; Dumortier,   Jerome.
We examine four scenarios for the evolution of the biofuel sector using a partial equilibrium model of the world agricultural sector. The model includes the new Renewable Fuels Standard in the 2007 energy act, the two-way relationship between fossil energy and biofuel markets, and a new trend toward corn oil extraction in ethanol plants. At one extreme, one scenario eliminates all support to the biofuel sector when the energy price is low, while the other extreme assumes no distribution bottleneck in ethanol demand growth when the energy price is high. Of the remaining two scenarios, one considers a pure market force driving ethanol demand growth because of the high energy price while the other is a policy-induced shock with removal of the biofuel tax...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; EISA; Ethanol; Tax credit; World agricultural sector model.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48597

Biofuels, Poverty, and Growth: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Tarp,   Finn; Thurlow,   James; Uaiene,   Rafael N.
This paper assesses the implications of large-scale investments in biofuels for growth and income distribution. We find that biofuels investment enhances growth and poverty reduction despite some displacement of food crops by biofuels. Overall, the biofuel investment trajectory analyzed increases Mozambique’s annual economic growth by 0.6 percentage points and reduces the incidence of poverty by about six percentage points over a 12-year phase-in period. Benefits depend on production technology. An outgrower approach to producing biofuels is more pro-poor, due to the greater use of unskilled labor and accrual of land rents to smallholders, compared with the more capital-intensive plantation approach. Moreover, the benefits of outgrower schemes are enhanced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bio-fuels; Growth; Poverty; Mozambique; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52004

BIOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS ON CROP AND ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY: REPORT ON A DIALOGUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13663

Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-visited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, non-permanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits from biological activities; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37083

Biological Carbon Sinks: Transaction Costs and Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in forest and agricultural ecosystems can generate CO2-offset credits that can thus substitute for CO2 emissions reduction. Are biological CO2-uptake activities competitive with CO2 offsets from reduced fossil fuel use? In this paper, it is argued that transaction costs impose a formidable obstacle to direct substitution of carbon uptake offsets for emissions reduction in trading schemes, and that separate caps should be set for emissions reduction and sink-related activities. While a tax/subsidy scheme is preferred to emissions trading for incorporating biologically-generated CO2 offsets, contracts that focus on the activity and not the amount of carbon sequestered are most likely to lead to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Transaction costs; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q23; Q42; H23; D23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45505

Biological Limits on Agricultural Intensification: An Example from Resistance Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laxminarayan,   Ramanan; Simpson,   R. David.
When the application of pesticides places selective evolutionary pressure on pest populations, it can be useful to plant refuge areas-crop areas intended to encourage the breeding of pests that are susceptible to the pesticide. Renewed interest in refuge areas has arisen with recent advances in biotechnology and genetically modified (GM) crops. In this paper, we use a simple model of the evolution of pest resistance to characterize the socially optimal refuge strategy for managing pest resistance. We demonstrate some interesting analogies with other models of renewable resource management, such as those of fisheries. Among the analogous results are findings that maintaining what we might call "maximal sustainable susceptibility" is typically not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pest resistance; Biotechnology; Optimization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10914

BIOLOGICAL MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boehlje,   Michael; Gray,   Allan W.
Farming is in the midst of a major transformation—not only in technology and production practices, but also in size of business, resource control and operation, business model and linkages with buyers and suppliers. Both the livestock and grain sectors are changing from an industry dominated by family-based, small and modest size, relatively independent firms to one of generally larger businesses following an industrial business model that are more tightly aligned across the value chain. We describe some of the fundamental concepts and characteristics of biological manufacturing and then illustrate these characteristics with a brief description of three modern farming businesses. The characteristics include: attribute driven or differentiated products, a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biological manufacturing; Closed loop systems; Process control; Precision technology; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q12; Q120.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54025

BIOLOGISCHE, BIOTECHNOLOGISCHE EN GANGBARE LANDBOUW: EEN VERGELIJKENDE ECONOMISCHE STUDIE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Tollens,   Eric.
Crop protection is a part of the agricultural production system. In Europe during the past century, this system has been subject to innovation, stemming from the second agricultural revolution of the Modern Time. Today we are on the crossroad of three alternative agricultural systems. Conventional agriculture is the product of the second agricultural revolution. So far, biotechnological agriculture seems to continue these trends. Organic agriculture on the other hand is a reaction on the paradigm of the second agricultural revolution, especially regarding the negative environmental externalities engendered by this revolution. Today, conventional agriculture is under pressure. Two alternatives have emerged: organic and biotechnological agriculture. Which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31839

Biomass Supply from Alternative Cellulosic Crops and Crop Residues: A Preliminary Spatial Bioeconomic Modeling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Egbendewe-Mondzozo,   Aklesso; Swinton,   Scott M.; Izaurralde,   R. Cesar; Manowitz,   David H.; Zhang,   Xuesong.
This paper introduces a spatial bioeconomic model for study of potential cellulosic biomass supply at regional scale. By modeling the profitability of alternative crop production practices, it captures the opportunity cost of replacing current crops by cellulosic biomass crops. The model draws upon biophysical crop input-output coefficients, price and cost data, and spatial transportation costs in the context of profit maximization theory. Yields are simulated using temperature, precipitation and soil quality data with various commercial crops and potential new cellulosic biomass crops. Three types of alternative crop management scenarios are simulated by varying crop rotation, fertilization and tillage. The cost of transporting biomass to a specific...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass production; Bioenergy supply; Biofuel policy; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agro-ecosystem economics; Ecosystem services economics; Agro-environmental trade-off analysis; Mathematical programming; EPIC; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q15; Q57; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98277

Biophysical and institutional factors in watershed management: A comparative analysis of four pilot watershed projects in India’s tribal belt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakthivadivel,   Ramasamy; Bhattacharya,   Kamal; Scott,   Christopher A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Watershed management; Development projects; Institutions; Social aspects; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92658

BIOPHYSICAL LIMITS TO GLOBAL FOOD PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penning de Vries,   Frits W.T.; van Keulen,   Herman; Rabbinge,   R.; Luyten,   J.C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16325

BIOREFINERIES USING AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE FEEDSTOCK IN THE GREAT PLAINS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Hodur,   Nancy M.; Senechal,   Donald M.; Stowers,   Mark D.; McCalla,   Darold; Saffron,   Chris M.
Rising prices and uncertain supplies of petroleum, together with environmental concerns regarding fossil fuel combustion, has enhanced interest in biobased products and fuels. The work reported here analyzes the feasibility of a multi-product biorefinery using wheat straw as feedstock that produces ethanol, electricity, and cellulose nanofibers. The nanofibers (nanowhiskers) would be used as reinforcements in a biobased nanocomposite material that could substitute for fiberglass in many applications. The analysis indicates that, at 2005 prices and costs, the biorefinery would be marginally profitable. Anticipated advances in bioprocessing technology would enhance profitability. The facility would also make a substantial contribution to the biorefinery site...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Biomaterials; Ethanol; Wheat straw; Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW); Economic development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7323

Biosecurity and Infectious Animal Disease
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
The spatial dimension of agricultural production is important when a communicable disease enters a region. This paper considers two sorts of biosecurity risk that producers can seek to protect against. One concerns the risk of spread: that neighboring producers do not take due care in protecting against being infected by a disease already in the region. In this case, producer efforts substitute with those of near neighbors. For representative spatial production structures, we characterize Nash equilibrium protection levels and show how spatial production structure matters. The other sort of risk concerns entry: that producers do not take due care in preventing the disease from entering the region. In this case, producer heterogeneity has subtle effects on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Circle and line topologies; Complements and substitutes; Epidemic; Public good; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18434

Biotech Food Labeling and Consumer Response: An Analysis of the Effects of Voluntary rBGH-labels on the Market for Fluid Milk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiesel,   Kristin; Buschena,   David E.; Smith,   Vincent H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29207

BIOTECH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: FROM A GENE REVOLUTION TO A DOUBLY GREEN REVOLUTION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric; Demont,   Matty.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31849

Biotechnology and Pest Resistance: An Economic Assessment of Refuges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hurley,   Terrance M.; Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hellmich,   Richard L.
Biologists now engineer transgenic crop varieties that express proteins that are toxic to a variety of common agricultural pests.  These transgenic crops offer farmers a new tool for effectively managing pests that reduce yields and increase production costs.  However, the concern over pest resistance to these toxins has prompted the EPA to require resistance management plans.  Seed companies have focused on a high-does refuge plan where farmers are required to plant a constant proportion of cropland in refuge in order to maintain a susceptible pest population.  Currently, entomologists recommend 20 to 40% refuge.  This paper develops an economic model of pest management with pest resistance to estimate the constant proportion of refuge that maximizes farm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18632

Biotechnology and Planted Forests: Assessment of Potential and Possibilities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
This paper addresses the potential impact of the introduction and development of biotechnology on planted forests. It includes a description of some recent innovations in forestry including the use of traditional breeding, and also more recent innovations involving biotechnology, including the development of clonal propagation and the use of modern molecular biology techniques. In addition to describing these innovations, the paper undertakes an assessment of their probable impact on future production of the forest industry, on the global timber supply, and on future markets for timber and wood products. The paper offers a description of recent innovations in tree breeding and biotechnology, including a discussion of innovations in agriculture that have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Plantation forests; Genetic modification; Genetic research; Economic benefits; Transgenic; GMO; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10862

Biotechnology and the African Farmer
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eicher,   Carl K.; Maredia,   Karim; Sithole-Niang,   Idah.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11495

Biotechnology and the Development of Food Markets: Retrospect and Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
Biotechnology has had an important impact on the agricultural and food industries over the last twelve years by way of fast and extensive adoption of a few genetically modified (GM) crops. This has produced large efficiency gains, including higher yields and reduced costs of weed and pest control, as well as some environmental benefits. The expected development of crops with additional agronomic traits, and with output traits to improve the nutrition and health attributes of food products, holds the potential for even more pervasive impacts. Full realisation of such promises may require overcoming the constraining effects of restrictive GM product regulations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified products; Innovation; Regulation; Research and development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42811

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Economists are rarely brought into the interdisciplinary research until the biophysical scientists have developed their models, made their measurements or completed their research task. The research economist is then brought in to do what amounts to a consulting task – provide some numbers that indicate impacts on the economy and employment. In this paper, I begin by illustrating cases from forestry where this leads to erroneous and costly policy outcomes. However, the main objective of this paper is to examine the role of genetic engineering in forestry and agriculture. In forestry, planting of genetically-modified (GM) tree species is nearly non-existent, with the exception of hybrid poplar that is used to produce pulp or fuel. However, as explored here,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precautionary principle; Economics of genetically-modified organisms; Agriculture and forestry; Mountain pine beetle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O32; Q11; Q18; Q23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107480

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE SOUTH: ABSOLUTE NECESSITY OR ILLUSION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tollens,   Eric.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31827

Biotechnology, Intellectual Property and Value Differentiation in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodhue,   Rachael E.; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Scotchmer,   Suzanne; Simon,   Leo K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25083

BIOTECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS AND THE WTO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sheldon,   Ian M.; Josling,   Timothy E.
This paper examines the regulation of trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Despite rapid adoption of GMOs by a few exporters, many importers have developed relatively restrictive procedures for pre-market approval of GMOs, and are introducing mandatory labeling. While exporters have yet to seek a ruling from the WTO on these regulations, a trade dispute over GMOs is likely to occur before too long. Exporting countries will likely argue that importing countries' regulations are too restrictive, given existing scientific knowledge of the safety of current GM crops, and that labeling of GM foods is unnecessary due to the fact that they are typically similar to their conventional counterparts. In response,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Regulation; Trade; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14594

Biotechnology's Potential Contribution to Global Wood Supply and Forest Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.
Over the past 30 years, industrial plantation forests have become a major supplier of industrial wood. There are several reasons for this, including the improved economics of planted forests due to biotechnological innovations, the increases in natural forest wood costs due to increasing inaccessibility, and rising wood costs from natural forests due to new environmental restrictions related to logging. Forestry today is on the threshold of the widespread introduction of biotechnology into its operational practices. In many cases, the biotechnology likely to be introduced is simply an extension of that being utilized in agriculture, such as herbicide-tolerant genes. However, biotechnology in forestry also is developing applications unique to forestry,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Breeding; Forestry; Tree plantations; Timber; Fiber; Genes; GMOs; Industrial wood; Economics; Benefits; Costs; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10708

Birds in an Australian Rainforest: Their Attraction for Visitors and Visitor's Ecological Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Lamington National Park in Queensland, Australia is noted for its rainforest and is part of the World Heritage listed property but prior to this work, no systematic study has been done of the importance of birds to its visitors.  This study is based on data from survey forms handed to visitors at an important site in the park and completed by visitors following their visit.  It yielded 622 useable responses.  These enabled us to establish the comparative importance of birds as an attraction to this site for this sample of visitors.  Furthermore, logit regression is used to target analysis and to identify factors that increase the likelihood of a visitor saying that birds are an important attraction.  In addition, the relative importance to visitors of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Lamington National Park; Tourism; Australian rainforest; Conservation; Birds; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51296

Birds - Their importance to visitors to an Australian Rainforest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo.
Lamington National Park in Queensland, Australia is noted for its rainforest and is part of Australia’s fourteen World Heritage listed properties but no systematic study has been done of the importance of birds to its visitors.  This study rectifies this situation.  It is based on data from survey forms handed to visitors at an important site in this park and completed by visitors following their visit.  This yielded 622 useable replies.  These enabled us to establish the comparative importance of birds as an attraction to this site. Furthermore, logit regression is used to analyze and to identify factors that increase the likelihood of a visitor saying that birds are an important attraction.  In addition, the relative importance to visitors of various...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Australia; Biodiversity; Birds; Rainforest; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48976

Biting the Bullet : How to Secure Access to Drylands Resources for Multiple Users
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwangi,   Esther; Dohrn,   Stephan.
Close to one billion people worldwide depend directly upon the drylands for their livelihoods. Because of their climatic conditions and political and economic marginalization drylands also have some of the highest incidents of poverty. Pastoral and sedentary production systems coexist in these areas and both very often use common property arrangements to manage access and use of natural resources. Despite their history of complementary interactions, pastoralists and sedentary farmers are increasingly faced with conflicting claims over land and other natural resources. Past policy interventions and existing regulatory frameworks have not been able to offer lasting solutions to the problems related to land tenure and resource access; problems between the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drylands; Secure access; Land tenure; Customary rights; Natural resources; Multiple users; Africa; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42498

Black-Box Frontiers and Implications for Development Policy – Theoretical Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Frohberg,   Klaus; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software – freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use – recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates with respect to economic development. The results confirm the need for a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18772

BLUNT TO SHARPENED RAZOR: INCREMENTAL REFORM AND DISTORTIONS IN THE PRODUCT AND CAPITAL MARKETS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Xiaobo; Tan,   Kong-Yam.
A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183

BOOM AND BUST IN THE '90S: THE STORY AS TOLD BY CORN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stevens,   Stanley C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13537

Border Effects and Border Regions: Lessons from the German Unification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nitsch,   Volker.
This paper examines data on trade flows between West German Bundesländer (federal states) and East Germany to explore the effect of national borders on trade. Although the data cover only a small fraction of intra-German trade flows, I find a home bias of about factor 2.2; West German shipments to East Germany are about 120% larger than deliveries to an otherwise similar foreign country. Based on this result, possible implications for border regions are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Home bias; Intranational trade; Gravity regression; Unification; International Relations/Trade; F 14; F15.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26291

Border Price and Export Demand Shocks for Developing Countries from Rest-of-World Trade Liberalization Using the Linkage Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Mensbrugghe,   Dominique; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
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Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52797

"Born out of Crisis": an analysis of moorland management agreements on Exmoor; final report
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lobley,   Matt; Turner,   Martin M.; MacQueen,   Greg; Wakefield,   Dawn.
The designation of Exmoor National Park in 1954 recognised the importance of the open character of much of the area and, in particular, its moorland to that natural heritage of the UK. However, the moorland that the park was charged with maintaining and enhancing was soon under threat and the following years saw extensive moorland loss and the fragmentation of remaining moorland (Lowe et al, 1986). The ensuing moorland conflict and debate eventually lead Exmoor NPA, in collaboration with farmers, land owners, the CLA and NFU to pioneer a new system of moorland management agreements. Indeed, for a short time, Exmoor was the only location operating wholly voluntary management agreements (Brotherton, 1990). Only two agreements now remain and in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31750

BORROWER PREFERENCES IN THE AGRICULTURAL CREDIT MARKET: A CONJOINT ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bard,   Sharon K.; Craig,   Dawn J.; Boehlje,   Michael.
The purpose of this study is to identify the attributes that farm borrowers value in the credit relationship as well as the trade-offs in those attributes.  Agricultural borrowers prefer a lender who can provide them with competitive interest rates, quick decisions on a loan request, an adequate loan amount, and knowledge of the agricultural industry.  Farm borrowers do not place a priority on customized terms, but they do expect a competitive interest rate and are unwilling to pay a higher interest rate in exchange for other attributes such as faster loan decisions or specialization in agricultural lending.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28628

BOSERUP VERSUS MALTHUS REVISITED: EVOLUTION OF FARMS IN NORTHERN COTE D'IVOIRE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Jouve,   Philippe; Stessens,   Johan; Tollens,   Eric.
The literature on the evolution of farming systems in West Africa shows a large diversity of general theories on rural development.  The purpose of this study is to revisit the theses of Malthus and Boserup and empirically test them on a case study of Northern Cote d’Ivoire.  We have at our disposal a database spread over three agricultural seasons (1995-1998) and four villages.  These villages differ strongly regarding their population density and historical genesis.  The comparison between these villages permits us to track down their stage in the evolution of farming systems and to identify population pressure as a key factor of the evolution of farming systems and to identify population pressure as a key factor of the evolution process of farms.  Our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31836

BOSERUP VERSUS MALTHUS REVISITES: EVOLUTION DES EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES DANS LE NORD DE LA COTE D'IVOIRE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demont,   Matty; Jouve,   Philippe; Stessens,   Johan; Tollens,   Eric.
The literature on the evolution of farming systems in West Africa shows a large diversity of general theories on rural development.  The purpose of this study is to revisit the theses of Malthus and Boserup and empirically test them on a case study of Northern Cote d’'Ivoire.  We have at our disposal a database spread over three agricultural seasons (1995-1998) and three villages.  These villages differ strongly regarding their population density and historical genesis.  The comparison between these villages permitted to track down their stage in the evolution of farming systems and to identify population pressure as a key factor of the evolution of farming systems and to identify population pressure as a key factor of the evolution process of farms.  Our...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31838

Botswana Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clayton,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30573

Bounded Rationality and Repeated Network Formation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beal,   Sylvain; Querou,   Nicolas.
We define a finite-horizon repeated network formation game with consent, and study the differences induced by different levels of individual rationality. We prove that perfectly rational players will remain unconnected at the equilibrium, while nonempty equilibrium networks may form when, following Neyman (1985), players are assumed to behave as finite automata. We define two types of equilibria, namely the Repeated Nash Network (RNN), in which the same network forms at each period, and the Repeated Nash Equilibrium (RNE), in which different networks may form. We state a sufficient condition under which a given network may be implemented as a RNN. Then, we provide structural properties of RNE. For instance, players may form totally different networks at...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12169

Bounded Recursive Stochastic Simulation - A Simple and Efficient Method for Pricing Complex American Type Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Musshoff,   Oliver; Hirschauer,   Norbert; Palmer,   Ken.
This paper gives an overview of simulation based procedures, which have proved to be efficient in valuing American options and therefore real options. Many of them integrate sequential stochastic simulations in the backward recursive programming approach to determine the early-exercise frontier. They subsequently value the option by initiating a Monte-Carlo simulation from the valuation date of the option. It turns out that one approach (Grant et al., 1997) is especially simple. We are able to enhance its efficiency by stripping it of some time consuming but unnecessary simulation steps. Our simplified approach could be called "Bounded Recursive Stochastic Simulation".
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18823

Bounds on Quantile Treatment Effects of Job Corps on Participants' Wages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blanco,   German; Flores,   Carlos A.; Flores-Lagunes,   Alfonso.
This paper assesses the effect of the U.S. Job Corps (JC), the nation's largest and most comprehensive job training program targeting disadvantaged youths, on wages. We employ partial identification techniques and construct informative nonparametric bounds for the causal effect of interest under weaker assumptions than those conventionally used for point identification of treatment effects in the presence of sample selection. In addition, we propose and estimate bounds on quantile treatment effects of the program on participants' wages. In general, we find convincing evidence of positive impacts of JC on participants' wages. Importantly, we find that estimated impacts on lower quantiles of the distribution are higher, with the highest impact being in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Job Corps; Nonparametric Bounds; Principal Stratification; Active Labor Market Programs.; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; J24; J68; C14; C21.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103761

BRAND NAME AND ADDED VALUE IN HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS: ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bagnara,   Gian Luca.
The objective of this study is to evaluate consumer willingness to pay for a brand that guarantees peaches produced by integrated pest management techniques.  Contingent evaluation has been applied to a survey of consumers at the retail level.  The econometric model of contingent evaluation shows the significant impact of socio- economic variables and consumer food style with respect to product characteristics.  In other words, the variables affecting perception are more important that actual characteristics of product in determining its added value.  Indeed, consumers are more willing to penalise unbranded peaches than to pay for a branded and guaranteed product.  Consequently, a brand to guarantee food safety in peaches is not sufficient to increase...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14458

Branded Product Marketing Strategies in the Cottage Cheese Market: Cooperative versus Proprietary Firms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haller,   Lawrence E.
This paper examines structural and strategic factors affecting price determination in the branded cottage cheese industry.  Special emphasis is placed on the presence and conduct of cottage cheese brands marketed by dairy cooperatives.  The data examined in this study cover cottage cheese sales in 47 markets for the fourth quarter of 1988.  We find evidence supporting the premise that market power is being exercise in the cottage cheese market.  One of the strongest influences of the price of cottage cheese is the extent of market penetration of the brand.  Brands' prices rise with an increase in the price of private label cottage cheese.  We also find strong evidence that cooperatives are not exercising market power.  Cooperatives charge a lower price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25208

BRAZIL: THE FUTURE OF MODERN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Matthey,   Holger; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fuller,   Frank H.
In an attempt to understand better Brazil'’s future role in agricultural markets, the authors of this report traveled to Brazil on a fact-finding mission in September 2003. The goal was to get a first-hand impression of Brazil’'s agricultural sector and especially its future potential. In this report we provide a general description of crop and livestock production, government policies, public and private cooperation, and transportation and biotechnology issues. The most striking observations made during our time in Brazil was the universal sense of optimism expressed by producers, government officials, agronomists, and market analysts about the future growth of Brazilian agricultural production. Does that mean Brazil, as one person suggested, is the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural policy; Biotechnology; Infrastructure; Brazil; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18705

BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE IN A CHANGED INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schuh,   G. Edward.
My paper is divided into three parts. The first part contains a brief review of recent changes in the structure of the international economy. The second part briefly reviews the recent experience of Brazil in its relations to the international economy. The third section discusses some of the institutional and policy implications that follow from the previous three sections. At the end I will have some concluding comments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14167

Brazilian Regulatory Agencies: Early Appraisal and Looming Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goldstein,   Andrea; Pires,   Jose Claudio Linhares.
Brazil is going through an institutional transition in the provision of public services, which had historically been supplied by State monopolies. A core element in this process is been the creation of a new form of public sector institutions - regulatory agencies with operational and financial autonomy. In this paper we identify their most important decisions and provide detailed analysis of the economic and political context in which they have been taken. We then compare Brazil with some of its peers and argue that its regulatory performance has been rather satisfactory so far, although four main problems must be solved: a. clear governance inadequacies in the coordination between different bodies; b. unclear definition of their respective competencies;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30615

BRAZIL'S NEW FLOATING EXCHANGE RATE REGIME AND COMPETITIVENESS IN THE WORLD POULTRY MARKET
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Costa,   Ecio de Farias; Ames,   Glenn C.W.; Gunter,   Lewell F.
In early 1999, Brazil devalued its currency, increasing its competitiveness in the poultry industry and capturing world market share.  This paper discusses the devaluation and its effects on Brazil's trade, evaluates preliminary statistics on the impact of the devaluation on world poultry markets, and reports the results from a computable general equilibrium (CGE) simulation of the devaluation.  The medium-run CGE results are compared to the short-run impacts reflected in the preliminary statistics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16716

BRAZIL'S SOYBEAN PRODUCTION AND IMPACT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flaskerud,   George K.
Soybean production in Brazil has grown rapidly in recent years. The objective of this publication is to evaluate the potential impact of Brazilian soybean production on North Dakota and other producers. Brazil, followed by Argentina, is the leading producer in South America. All South American soybean production surpassed the United States during 2002-03. In Brazil, production and yields have grown the fastest in Mato Grosso (Center-West) and other expansion states that have Cerrado land. Soybean costs of production for 2003 harvest are considerably lower in Mato Grosso than in North Dakota and Iowa even when freight costs to Rotterdam are considered, giving them a strong competitive position in the world market. Consequently, Mato Grosso soybean...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Soybeans; Production; Exports; Expansion; Cost of production; Competitiveness; Production Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23092

Bread Prices, Consumption and Nutrition Implications for Scotland: A Regional Analysis Using Supermarket Scanner Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Lamprinopoulou-Kranis,   Chrysa; Toma,   Luiza; Leat,   Philip M.K.; Kupiec-Teahan,   Beata; Cacciolatti,   Luca.
The recent rise in food prices has increased the concern about the choice of a healthy food basket, especially in the context of the discussion around the formulation of a National Food Policy for Scotland. This concern has brought back the interest in the price and expenditure demand systems as they provide information about consumers’ food decisions. The paper focuses on the consumption of brown and white bread, as they are the most typical ways of cereals use in the UK and nutritionists recommend the consumption of wholemeal or brown bread in contraposition to white bread as part of an appropriate diet due to its health benefits. This paper aims to answer whether changes in bread prices affect the quantity and composition of the Scottish demand for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bread consumption models; Scotland; Food prices; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109393

Breaking the Impasse in International Climate Negotiations: A New Direction for Currently Flawed Negotiations and a Roadmap for China to 2050
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China’s unilateral pledge to cut its carbon intensity by 40-45 percent by 2020 relative to its 2005 levels raises both the stringency issue, and given that China’s pledge is in the form of carbon intensity, reliability issues concerning China’s statistics on energy and GDP. Moreover, as long as China’s commitments differ in form from those of other major greenhouse gas emitters, China is constantly confronted with both criticism on its carbon intensity commitment being less stringent and the threats of trade measures. In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper will map out a realistic roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050, with its main distinguishing features including China taking on absolute...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Intensity; Post-Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiations; Climate Commitments; China; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108263

BRIDGING RESEARCH, POLICY, AND PRACTICE IN AFRICAN AGRICULTURE: Progress and problems in confronting hunger and poverty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Omamo,   Steven Were.
Policy research on African agriculture is long on prescriptions for what needs to be done to spur agricultural growth but short on how such prescriptions might be implemented in practice. What explains this state of affairs? What might be done to correct it, and, most important, how? This paper addresses these questions via a comprehensive review and assessment of the literature on the role and impact of research in policy processes. Six major schools of thought are identified: the rational model; pragmatism under bounded rationality; innovation diffusion; knowledge management; impact assessment; and evidence-based-practice. The rational model—with its underlying metaphor of a “policy cycle” comprising problem definition and agenda setting, formal decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60180

Bridging the Communication Gap Between Economists and Biological Scientists in the Management of Invasive Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Edward A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15704

Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice in Integrated Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Norman.
There is growing support for the use of integrated assessments (IAs)/sustainability impact assessments (SIAs), at different government levels and geographic scales of policy-making and planning, both nationally and internationally. However, delivering good quality IAs/SIAs, in the near future, could be challenging. This paper mainly focuses upon one area of concern, differences between research and other technical contributions intended to strengthen assessment methodologies and the types of assessment methods considered usable by practitioners. To help in addressing this concern, the development of a common assessment framework is proposed, which is based on a shared, practitioner-researcher-stakeholder understanding of what constitutes a satisfactory...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30575

Bringing Growth Theory "Down to Earth"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Ramon E.; Stocking,   Andrew.
Explicitly accounting for certain basic physical laws governing the “earth” sector dramatically enriches our ability to explain a high degree of diversity in observed patterns of economic growth. We provide a theoretical explanation of why some countries have been able to sustain a more or less constant and positive rate of economic growth for many decades while so many others have failed to do so. The analysis predicts that countries that have an over abundance of physical capital (a concept that is precisely defined in the text) may be unable to sustain a positive rate of economic growth over the long run. Too much physical capital may affect the dynamics of the economy ultimately leading to stagnation. The plausibility of the growth model introduced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogenous growth theory; Unbalanced growth; Structural change; Stagnation; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; E22; Q01; O41.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48944

Bringing "Honest Capital" to Poor Borrowers: The Passage of the Uniform Small Loan Law, 1907-1930
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carruthers,   Bruce G.; Guinnane,   Timothy W.; Lee,   Yoonseok.
The Uniform Small Loan Law (USLL) was the Russell Sage Foundation’s primary device for fighting what it viewed as the scourge of high-rate lending to poor people in the first half of the twentieth century. The USLL created a new class of lenders who could make small loans at interest rates exceeding those allowed for banks under the normal usury laws. About two-thirds of the states had passed the USLL by the 1930. This paper describes the USLL and then uses econometric models to investigate the state characteristics that influenced the law’s passage. We find that urbanization and state-level economic characteristics played significant roles. So did measures of the state’s banking system. We find no evidence that party-political affiliations had any effect,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Uniform law; Small loans; Consumer credit; Usury laws; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Political Economy; N21; N22; I38; G21; G28; K23.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50949

Broadband Access, Telecommuting and the Urban-Rural Digital Divide
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   Rajesh; Orazem,   Peter F.; Song,   Moohoun.
We investigate the role of broadband access on the probability of telecommuting and whether individuals who work from home receive greater compensation.  We also assess whether telecommuting differs between more- and less-densely populated areas.  Telecommuting responds positively to local average commuting time and to local access to High-Speed Internet service. Differences in broadband access explain three-fourths of the gap in telecommuting between urban and rural markets.  Telecommuters and other IT users do not earn significantly more than otherwise observationally comparable workers.  Already highly skilled and highly paid workers are the most likely to telecommute and so they do not earn more because they telecommute. As broadband access improves in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18214

Broilers -- Differentiating A Commodity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rogers,   Richard T.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25178

Brownfields Redevelopment in Wisconsin: A Survey of the Field
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris; Crooks,   Lisa; Hersh,   Robert.
As the third paper in our three-part series on Wisconsin brownfields, this paper reports the results of a survey on the objectives of brownfields redevelopment, constraints to the redevelopment, the role of the state's Department of Natural Resources (DNR), and institutional controls. The 260 survey respondents include elected officials, staff from economic development and planning agencies, attorneys, private sector representatives, and professionals at nonprofit organizations. We find that: 1) respondents value both economic and environmental gains associated with brownfields redevelopment; 2) the high costs of cleanup are the principal barrier to brownfields redevelopment; 3) no single factor stands out as constraining DNR's ability to oversee cleanups;...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brownfields; Contamination; Hazardous waste; Regulatory reform; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10443

Brownfields Redevelopment in Wisconsin: Program, Citywide, and Site-Level Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris; Hersh,   Robert.
In this paper, the second installment of our three-part study on the development of brownfields policy in the state of Wisconsin, we use case studies to explore the implementation of the policy at three scales: 1) two statewide initiatives, the Voluntary Party Liability Exemption process and the Sustainable Urban Development Zone program; 2) the efforts of two Wisconsin cities, West Allis and Wausau, to promote brownfields redevelopment across their neighborhoods; and 3) project-specific uses of institutional, regulatory, and financial innovations to encourage the revitalization of specific areas. Throughout the paper, we focus on the role of economic incentives, regulatory flexibility, regulatory structure, and the behavioral culture of brownfields...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brownfields; Contamination; Hazardous waste; Regulatory reform; Wisconsin; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10547

Brunei's Quest for Sustainable Development: Diversification and Other Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brunei; Small island economies; Sustainable development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53638

BSE Disease Outbreaks, Structural Change and Market Power in the Canadian Beef Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   J. Stephen; Cechura,   Lukas; Berhanu,   Adugna.
This study examines farm to wholesale prices spreads to measure the impact of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) disease outbreak on the Canadian beef industry. The study uses structure break tests developed by Gregory and Hansen (1996) and Hansen (1992) examine possible breaks within cointegrating relationships. The study finds evidence that the industry began a realignment as a result of the UK BSE disease outbreak, and the Canadian BSE disease outbreak was simply the largest realignment of the process beginning with the UK disease outbreak. However, the only statistically significant break was the BSE disease outbreak itself in May 2003. Stability was not restored until the border was reopened in 2005. Specific results indicated that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: BSE; Market power; Canada; Beef industry; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114097

Bt Corn Farmer Compliance with Insect Resistance Management Requirements: Results from the 2002 Minnesota and Wisconsin Farm Polls
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buttel,   Frederick H.; Merrill,   Jeanne; Chen,   Lucy; Goldberger,   Jessica; Hurley,   Terrance M.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reregistered Bt corn in 2001 with mandatory Insect Resistance Management (IRM) requirements in order to promote sustainable use by farmers.  Since then studies report IRM compliance rates ranging from 80 to 90 percent.  Using survey data from Minnesota and Wisconsin, we show that previous compliance rate estimates are likely too high because they do not use a comprehensive measure for compliance.  With a more comprehensive measure, we find compliance rates ranging between 60 to 75 percent.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bt corn; Compliance; Insect Resistance Management; Refuge; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13659

BT COTTON IN SOUTH AFRICA: ADOPTION AND THE IMPACT ON FARM INCOMES AMONGST SMALL-SCALE AND LARGE SCALE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gouse,   Marnus; Kirsten,   Johann F.; Jenkins,   Lindie.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18022

BUBBLES IN PRICES OF EXHAUSTIBLE RESOURCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jovanovic,   Boyan.
Aside from the equilibrium that Hotelling (1931) displayed, his model of non-renewable resources also contains a continuum of bubble equilibria. In all the equilibria the price of the resource rises at the rate of interest. In a bubble equilibrium, however, the consumption of the resource peters out, and a positive fraction of the original stock continues to be traded forever. And that may well be happening in the market for high-end Bordeaux wines.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine; Exhaustible resource; Bubble; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45830

BUCHBESPRECHUNG: BECKMANN, V. (2000): TRANSAKTIONSKOSTEN UND INSTITUTIONELLE WAHL IN DER LANDWIRTSCHAFT : ZWISCHEN MARKT, HIERARCHIE UND KOOPERATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weingarten,   Peter.
This paper reviews the publication by BECKMANN, V. (2000): Transaktionskosten und institutionelle Wahl in der Landwirtschaft : Zwischen Markt, Hierarchie und Kooperation [Transaction costs and institutional choice in agriculture : Between market, hierarchy and co-operation].
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction cost; Institution; Farm organisation; Agriculture; Labour organisation; Farm Management; L14; Q12; C25.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14933

BUDDHIST EQUILIBRIUM: THE THEORY OF MIDDLE PATH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendis,   Patrick.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13948

Buffer Stocks of Food Grains in India: The Economics of Their Operation and Potential Size
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nand,   Sada; Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8499

BUILDING A STRONG AND VIABLE BEEF INDUSTRY IN SASKATCHEWAN INDUSTRY ISSUES AND OUTLOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grier,   Kevin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18110

Building an Agricultural Research for Development System in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mbabu,   Adiel N.; Ochieng,   Cosmas M.O.
This paper discusses how impact-oriented agricultural research for development systems in Africa can be better organized and managed. Specifically, the paper puts forth the argument that achieving the development targets set by African leaders and the international community, for example, through the Millennium Development Goals, will be extremely difficult without a satisfactory re-orientation of the organization and management of African research for development systems. Such a re-orientation involves carefully linking the agricultural research agenda with national development priorities; improving coordination, interaction, interlinkages, partnerships, and networks among system agents—that is, agricultural research institutes, extension systems, higher...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research for development; Organization and management of agricultural research; Africa; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56124

Building an evaluative culture for effective evaluation and results management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mayne,   John.
A weak evaluative culture undermines many attempts at building an effective evaluation and results management regime. This brief outlines practical actions that an organization can take to build and support an evaluative culture, where information on performance is deliberately sought in order to learn how to better manage and deliver programmes and services. Such an organization values empirical evidence on the results it is seeking to achieve.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Culture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52535

Building Criminal Capital Behind Bars: Social Learning in Juvenile Corrections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bayer,   Patrick; Pintoff,   Randi; Pozen,   David E.
This paper analyzes the influence that juvenile offenders serving time in the same correctional facility have on each other’s subsequent criminal behavior. The analysis is based on data on over 8,000 individuals serving time in 169 juvenile correctional facilities during a two-year period in Florida. These data provide a complete record of past crimes, facility assignments, and arrests and adjudications in the year following release for each individual. To control for the non-random assignment of juveniles to facilities, we include facility fixed effects in the analysis. This ensures that the impact of peers on recidivism is identified using only the variation in the length of time that any two individuals serving a sentence in the same facility happen to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social learning; Peer effects; Social interactions; Recidivism; Juvenile crime; Human capital accumulation; Labor and Human Capital; H0; J0; J2; K1.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28511

Building Gorman's Nest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LaFrance,   Jeffrey T.; Beatty,   Timothy K.M.; Pope,   Rulon D.
Gorman Engel curves are extended to incomplete systems. The roles of Slutsky symmetry and homogeneity/adding up are isolated in the rank and functional form restrictions for Gorman systems. Symmetry determines the rank condition. The maximum rank is three for incomplete and complete systems. Homogeneity/adding up determines the functional form restrictions in complete systems. There is no restriction on functional form in an incomplete system. Every full rank and minimal deficit reduced rank Gorman system has a representation as a polynomial in a single function of income. This generates a complete taxonomy of indirect preferences for Gorman systems. Using this taxonomy, we develop models of incomplete Gorman systems that nest rank and functional form and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aggregation; Functional form; Gorman Engel curves; Incomplete demand systems; Rank; Weak integrability; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; E21.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25027

BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN EXTENSION ECONOMISTS AND AGENTS: LESSONS FROM THE BUSH FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM IN COMMUNITY ECONOMICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loveridge,   Scott; Parliament,   Claudia; Morse,   George W.
An experimental training program for extension agents brought agents and specialists into daily contact for eighteen months, enabling them to share information about their respective work environments. The lessons learned can increase mutual understanding between agents and specialists. Such understanding is necessary to develop effective partnerships to create useful programming.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13241

BUILDING PROFESSIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY IN THREE WESTERN UPPER PENINSULA COUNTIES: RESULTS OF A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vlasin,   Raymond D.; Murphy,   Jerry; Wessen,   Paul D.
This paper is a part of a series of reports of the activities conducted under a grant from the Fund for Rural America, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Funds for the three year grant entitled "Enhancing Rural Economies Through Comprehensive Extension, Research &amp; Partnering Approaches Using Multi-County Clusters in Michigan With Application to National Rural Settings" were received by Michigan State University's Department of Agricultural Economics in March, 1998. The major goal of the grant is to increase economic development activity in four clusters of rural counties in Michigan through the utilization of the resources of the Michigan State University Extension Service, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, and other resources of Michigan State...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11604

Building Public–Private Partnerships for Agricultural Innovation in Latin America: Lessons From Capacity Strengthening
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartwich,   Frank; Gottret,   Maria Veronica; Babu,   Suresh Chandra; Tola,   Jaime.
Public–private partnerships constitute a new mode of operation in many fields of development, including the development of innovation in developing-country agriculture. Capacities to identify opportunities, develop common interests, and negotiate commitments are prerequisites for successful public–private partnerships. Yet, many public–private partnerships fail due to lack of both skills among the partnering agents and efforts to strengthen these skills. The International Service for National Agricultural Research--on its own from 2002 until 2003, and as a division of the International Food Policy Research Institute thereafter--has studied 124 public–private partnerships in agriculture in nine Latin American countries through its initiative on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capacity strengthening; Public–private partnerships; Agricultural innovation; Latin America.; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42415

BULK COMMODITY BARGE TRAFFIC ON ST. PAUL DISTRICT WATERWAYS IN 1985: PROJECTIONS AND IMPACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hill,   Robert A.; Fruin,   Jerry E.; Such,   Carol.
This study was undertaken to determine the probable future movements of bulk commodities by barge to and from river ports in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' St. Paul District. The projected movements are analyzed in physical and economic terms useful to the formulation and evaluation of alternative river management plans.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13903

Bulk Fuel Distribution Costs For Cooperatives in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Cobia,   David W.; Dooley,   Frank J.
Economic-engineering cost data and a simulation model were used to analyze the impact of sales density, size of sales area, sales volume, and equipment configuration on costs of bulk fuel delivery by cooperatives. Fixed costs accounted for the majority of delivery costs regardless of sales density or size of sales area, at least for the relevant range of these variables for North Dakota. Increasing the radius of a sales area from 5 to 50 miles increased average costs only $.02 to $.09/gal. Doubling sales by either doubling the size of the sales area or the sales density reduced average total costs by nearly 50%. Thus, cooperatives with excess delivery capacity could achieve significant savings if they consolidate to operate closer to the capacity of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Fuel distribution; Delivery costs; Market area size; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23435

BUMPER CROPS, PRODUCER INCENTIVES AND PERSISTENT POVERTY: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD AID PROGRAMS IN BANGLADESH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dorosh,   Paul A.; Shahabuddin,   Quazi; Aziz,   Md. Abdul; Farid,   Naser.
Food aid has played a useful role in Government of Bangladesh efforts to increase food security in the last three decades, adding to foodgrain availability, supplying wheat for targeted distribution to poor households, and helping to finance development projects and programs. However, sustained increases in domestic production of both rice and wheat have increased the likelihood of disincentive effects arising from continued large inflows of food aid. The analysis shows that if good rice harvests continue so that real rice prices remain at their levels of 2000, and if international wheat prices return to their average 1995-99 levels, then public wheat distribution may need to be cut to levels below the current amount of food aid received (650 thousand tons...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16218

Burden Sharing and Cohesion Countries in European Climate Policy: The Portuguese Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dessai,   Suraje; Michaelowa,   Axel.
The EU has been a leader in international climate policy. However, due to activities of interest groups, domestic action, an area which the EU has strongly defended, is proving difficult to carry out, particularly for cohesion member states. Although their behaviour resembles free-riding, at least in an international dimension, Cohesion country targets are actually challenging in the face of their economic boom. Portugal accepted limiting its GHGs emissions to a 27% increase up to 2010 whereas current projections lead to doubt that Portugal is capable of achieving its target unless more stringent policies are implemented. Underdeveloped institutional capacities and lack of abatement interests accompanied by the rapid economic and road traffic growth are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26354

BUREAUCRATIC CORRUPTION AND MASS MEDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suphachalasai,   Suphachol.
This paper investigates the relationship between a bureaucracy and mass media industry, and its implications to corruption. We develop a bureaucratic model of corruption with mass media. A representative profit maximizing media firm seeks for corruption news to be printed and sold. Channels through which competition in media industry and press freedom affect equilibrium corruption in a bureaucracy are modeled.  Different degrees of media freedom and competition affect production and employment decisions of media firms, and this in turn affects the effectiveness of media in monitoring corruption. Competition and freedom in media sector also have an influence on bureaucratic structure and consequently on equilibrium corruption. We find that the degree of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Bureaucracy; Mass Media; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31929

BUREAUCRATIC PRODUCTIVITY: THE CASE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13911

Bush Meets Hotelling: Effects of Improved Renewable Energy Technology on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoel,   Michael.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/20/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Exhaustible Resources; Renewable Energy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q30; Q42; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47175

BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR BEEF FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11808

BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR CASH GRAIN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hepp,   Ralph E.; Nott,   Sherrill B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11648

BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR DAIRY FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11730

BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR FRUIT FARMS, 1996 TELFARM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.; Hepp,   Ralph E.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11520

BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR GENERAL CROPS FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11535

BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR POTATO FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.; Lenneman,   Gary E.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11635

BUSINESS ANALYSIS SUMMARY FOR SWINE FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nott,   Sherrill B.
No abstract available.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11770

Business Organization and Coordination in Marketing Specialty Hogs: A Comparative Analysis of Two Firms from Iowa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hueth,   Brent; Ibarburu,   Maro A.; Kliebenstein,   James B.
We study business organization and coordination of specialty-market hog production using a comparative analysis of two Iowa pork niche-marketing firms. We describe and analyze each firm's management of five key organizational challenges: planning and logistics, quality assurance, process verification and management of "credence attributes," business structure, and profit sharing. Although each firm is engaged in essentially the same activity, there are substantial differences across the two firms in the way production and marketing are coordinated. These differences are partly explained by the relative size and age of each firm, thus highlighting the importance of organizational evolution in agricultural markets, but are also partly the result of a formal...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Specialty hogs; Coordination; Contracting; Organizational design; Niche markets; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18340

Business Partnerships in a Globalising World: Economic Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Begins by considering how neoclassical and mainstream economists have modelled the business firm and outlines briefly the evolution of economic thought and that of managerial science about institutional structures involving firms, hierarchies, markets and interfirm cooperation. Subsequently, taking into account this thought, it considers whether growing economic globalisation is likely to result in more frequent business cooperation between firms, what types of alliances may be favoured, and why. Both factors favouring increased business cooperation as globalisation proceeds, as well as those that may retard it, are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Evolution of economic thought; Globalisation; Business cooperation; Institutional structures; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90542

BUSINESS SYSTEMS FOR INCREASED COMPETITIVENESS IN THE AGRIBUSINESS SECTOR OF SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Rooyen,   C.J.; Esterhuizen,   Dirk.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18062

BUSINESS VOLATILITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CORE AND PERIPHERAL AREAS: UPPER MIDWEST REGION (USA) VERSUS NORDIC COUNTRIES AND BALTIC RIM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.; Reynolds,   Paul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13629

Buyer Market Power and Vertically Differentiated Retailers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Shinn-Shyr; Rojas,   Christian; Lavoie,   Nathalie.
We consider a model of vertical competition where downstream firms (retailers) purchase an upstream input from a monopolist and are able to differentiate from each other in terms of quality. Our primary focus is to study the effects of introducing a large retailer, such as a Wal-Mart Supercenter, that is able to lower wholesale prices (i.e. buyer market power). We obtain two main results. First, the store with no buyer market power responds to the presence of the large retailer by increasing its quality, a finding that is consistent with recent efforts by traditional retailers to enhance shoppers’ buying experience (i.e. quality). Second, the presence of a large retailer causes consumer welfare to increase. There are, however, two reasons for the increase...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Buyer market power; Vertical differentiation; Wal-Mart; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Marketing; D43; L13; L81; M31; Q13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57165

Buyer Market Power in UK Food Retailing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lloyd,   Tim A.; McCorriston,   Steve; Morgan,   C. Wyn; Weldegebriel,   Habtu T.
The potential existence of buyer market power in UK food retailing has attracted the scrutiny of the UK's anti-trust authorities, culminating in the decision to launch the second of two comprehensive regulatory inquiries in recent years. Throughout, detection of buyer power has been dogged by the paucity of reliable evidence of its existence. In this paper we present a simple theoretical model of oligopsony which delivers quasireduced form retailer-producer pricing equations in which the presence of market power can be detected using readily available market data. Using a cointegrated vector autoregression, we find empirical results that are consistent with the presence of oligopsony power in all six food products investigated.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Buyer power; Cointegrated VARs; UK food industry; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46007

BUYER POWER THROUGH PRODUCER'S DIFFERENTIATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambolle,   Claire; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
This paper shows that retailers may choose to offer products differentiated in quality to consumers, not to relax downstream competition, but to improve their buyer power in the negotiation with their supplier. We consider a simple vertical industry where two producers sell products differentiated in quality to two retailers who operate in separated markets. In the game, first retailers choose which product to carry, then each retailer and her chosen producer bargain over the terms of a two-part tariff contract and retailers finally choose the quantities. When upstream production costs are convex, the share of the total profits going to the retailer would be higher if they choose to differentiate. We thus isolate the wish to differentiate as "only" due to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Buyer Power; Product line; Differentiation; Marketing; L13; L42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6866

BUYING AND SELLING FIRE PROTECTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harvey,   Lynn R.
Detailed examination of how and why townships and municipalities buy and sell fire services.  Includes outline of various pricing methods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11623

Buying Ecological Services: Nature’s Harmonies, Fragmented Reserves and the Agricultural Extensification Debate
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Lapan,   Harvey E.
Growing demand for cropland products has placed intense pressure on the ability of land resources to support nature, straining public budgets to purchase environmental goods. Fixing overall agricultural output, two policy options are whether to promote more extensive and nature friendly farming practices or to produce intensively on some land and leave the rest wild. Microeconomic models of the topic have not accommodated widely recognized complementary spatial externalities in providing ecological services. This article does so, identifying also a third policy possibility. This is that environmental services can follow a smoothly varying spatial path characterized by harmonic functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Environmental policy; Spatial externalities; Wirtinger’s inequality.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45171

Buying Fields and Marrying Daughters: An Empirical Analysis of Rosca Auctions in a South Indian Village
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Klonner,   Stefan.
A bidding rotating savings and credit association (Rosca) is modeled as a sequence of symmetric-independent-private-value  auctions with price-proportional benefits to  bidders. We estimate a structural econometric model  which, by introducing an altruistic component into each bidder's utility function, allows for socially favorable  deviations from the private information, non-altruistic  bidding equilibrium. We find that bidding is more altruistic in groups managed by experienced organizers  and in Roscas whose current members have already run  through more than one Rosca cycle of the current group, implying that effective leadership and enduring  relationships help mitigate the social cost of strategic  behavior. When a bidder has to meet an unforeseen...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Roscas; Auctions; Consumer/Household Economics; D44; G20.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28449

Buying Time: Real and Hypothetical Offers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   V. Kerry; Mansfield,   Carol.
This paper provides the results of a field test of contingent valuation estimates within a willingness to accept framework. Using dichotomous choice questions in telephone mail-telephone interviews, we compare responses to real and hypothetical offers to survey respondents for the opportunity to spend time in a second set of interviews on an undisclosed topic. Five hundred and forty people were randomly split between the real and hypothetical treatments. Our findings indicate no significant differences between people's choices with real and hypothetical offers. Choice models indicate the size of the offer and income were significant determinants of respondents' decisions, and these models were not significantly different between real and hypothetical offers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent value; Real and hypothetical offer; Willingness to accept; Experiment; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C93; D12; Q2.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10719

Cairo Evaluation Clinic: Thoughts on Randomized Trials for Evaluation of Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlan,   Dean S.
We were asked to discuss specific methodological approaches to evaluating three hypothetical interventions. This article uses this forum to discuss three misperceptions about randomized trials.  First, nobody argues that randomized trials are appropriate in all settings, and for all questions.  Everyone agrees that asking the right question is the highest priority.  Second, the decision about what to measure and how to measure it, i.e., through qualitative or participatory methods versus quantitative survey or administrative data methods, is independent of the decision about whether to conduct a randomized trial.  Third, randomized trials can be used to evaluate complex and dynamic processes, not just simple and static interventions.  Evaluators should aim...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Program evaluation; Randomized control trial; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; B41; O12; H43; J08; H54; D73; D12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51913

Calculating the Costs of Environmental Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Kopp,   Raymond J.
Decisions concerning environmental protection hinge on estimates of economic burden. Over the past 30 years, economists have developed and applied various tools to measure this burden. In this paper, developed as a chapter for the Handbook of Environmental Economics, we present a taxonomy of costs along with methods for measuring those costs. At the broadest level, we distinguish between partial and general equilibrium costs. Partial equilibrium costs represent the burden directly borne by the regulated entity (firms, households, government), including both pecuniary and nonpecuniary expenses, when prices are held constant. General equilibrium costs reflect the net burden once all good and factor markets have equilibrated. In addition to partial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social cost; Cost-benefit; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q28; H41; L50; D58.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10762

Calibrating Mathematical Programming Spatial Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino; Drogue,   Sophie; Anania,   Giovanni.
revised March 2010
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115429

Calibration and Validation of SWAT for the Upper Maquoketa River Watershed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanwar,   Ramesh S.; Reungsang,   Pipat; Jha,   Manoj K.; Gassman,   Philip W.; Ahmad,   Khalil; Saleh,   Ali.
A validation study has been performed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model with data collected for the Upper Maquoketa River Watershed (UMRW), which drains over 16,000 ha in northeast Iowa. This validation assessment builds on a previous study with nested modeling for the UMRW that required both the Agricultural Policy EXtender (APEX) model and SWAT. In the nested modeling approach, edge-of-field flows and pollutant load estimates were generated for manure application fields with APEX and were then subsequently routed to the watershed outlet in SWAT, along with flows and pollutant loadings estimated for the rest of the watershed routed to the watershed outlet. In the current study, the entire UMRW cropland area was simulated in SWAT, which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Calibration; Modeling; Nitrate; SWAT; Validation; Water quality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18440

California Agriculture Dimensions and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
The Evolution of California Agriculture 1850-2000, by Alan L. Olmstead and Paul W. Rhode; Cross Sections of a Diverse Agriculture: Profiles of California's Agricultural Production Regions and Principle Commodities, by Warren E. Johnston; The Measure of California Agriculture and Its Importance in the State's Economy, by Daniel Sumner, Jose E. Bervejillo and Nicolai V. Kuminoff; Marketing California's Agricultural Production, by Hoy F. Carman, Roberta Cook and Richard J. Sexton; International Trade and the Road Ahead for California Agriculture, by Tiffany Arthur, Colin Carter, and Alix Peterson Zwane; Commodity Policy and California Agriculture, by Daniel A. Sumner and Henrich Brunke; Water Infrastructure and Water Allocation in California, by Richard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11917

Calorie Posting in Chain Restaurants
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bollinger,   Bryan; Leslie,   Phillip; Sorensen,   Alan.
We study the impact of mandatory calorie posting on consumers’ purchase decisions, using detailed data from Starbucks. We find that average calories per transaction falls by 6%. The effect is almost entirely related to changes in consumers’ food choices—there is almost no change in purchases of beverage calories. There is no impact on Starbucks profit on average, and for the subset of stores located close to their competitor Dunkin Donuts, the effect of calorie posting is actually to increase Starbucks revenue. Survey evidence and analysis of commuters suggest the mechanism for the effect is a combination of learning and salience.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56693

Campaign Contributions and Agricultural Subsidies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Rigoberto A.
This article examines the influence of campaign contributions on agricultural subsidies. Empirical results revealed that rent seeking works, i.e., campaign contributions of agricultural-related industries influence agricultural subsidies in the manner they best serve contributors' economic interests. Eliminating campaign contributions would significantly decrease agricultural subsidies, hurt farm groups, benefit consumers and taxpayers, and increase social welfare by approximately $5.5 billion. Although contributions are not the only determinants of agricultural subsidies, investment returns to farm PAC contributors are quite high ($1 in contributions brings about $2,000 in policy transfers). In fact, the results are in sharp contrast to the "truthful...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25223

Can a Preferential Trade Agreement Benefit Neighbor Countries without Compensating Them?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Endoh,   Masahiro; Hamada,   Koichi; Shimomura,   Koji.
PTAs are generally negotiated without any tariff concessions or transfers to non-member countries. Can such a PTA benefit the neighbors’ welfare? In a two-good competitive equilibrium model in the absence of an entrepot, a PTA without concessions to the outsider will hurt the outsider’s welfare when goods are normal. If one of the member countries is an entrepot, however, it definitely improves the neighbors’ welfare. In a multiple-good model, a PTA without concessions deteriorates the neighbors’ welfare, provided that all the goods are normal and substitutes, and that initial tariff levels are small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: PTA; Neighbor’s Welfare; Kemp-Wan Theorem; WTO; GATT Article 24; Entrepot; International Relations/Trade; F11; F13; F15.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6334

CAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE MARGINAL LANDS CONTRIBUTE TO IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY IN THE SAHELIAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: AN EVIDENCE FROM THE BAS-FOND RICE PRODUCTION IN MALI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimithe,   Georges; Bernsten,   Richard H.; Staatz,   John M.; Sanogo,   Ousmane; Coulibaly,   B.S.; Simpara,   M.
To improve national food security, successive Mali governments have always focused on expanding and intensifying production in the government-managed irrigation schemes (Office du Niger), which account for about 50% of domestic rice production.  Because the cost of expanding and  rehabilitating those schemes is high, the government is looking for complementary cost-effective ways to achieve this goal.  The government could increase domestic rice supply by investing in improving the farmer-managed inland valley swamps.  Although the government has paid little attention to those marginal lands, farmers have been growing rice in these areas using traditional technologies.  This paper used data from a survey of 334 bas-fond farmers and secondary data to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11669

Can an Effective Global Climate Treaty Be Based on Sound Science, Rational Economics, and Pragmatic Politics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stavins,   Robert N.
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) may come into force without U.S. participation, but its effects on climate change will be trivial. At the same time, the economic and scientific consensus points to the need for a credible international approach. A reasonable starting point is the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC), which was signed by 161 nations and ratified by 50, including the United States, and entered into force in 1994. In this paper, I remain agnostic on the question of the Kyoto Protocol's viability. Some analysts see the agreement as deeply flawed, while others see it as an acceptable or even excellent first step. But virtually everyone agrees that the Protocol is not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Global climate change; Global warming; Policy architecture; Kyoto Protocol; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; Q48; Q39.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10720

Can Canada's Supply Managed Dairy Industry Survive the Doha Round?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gifford,   Michael N.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24147

Can Carbon Sinks Be Operational? RFF Workshop Proceedings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sedjo,   Roger A.; Toman,   Michael.
An RFF Workshop brought together experts from around the world to assess the feasibility of using biological sinks to sequester carbon as part of a global atmospheric mitigation effort. The chapters of this proceeding are a result of that effort. Although the intent of the workshop was not to generate a consensus, a number of studies suggest that sinks could be a relatively inexpensive and effective carbon management tool. The chapters cover a variety of aspects and topics related to the monitoring and measurement of carbon in biological systems. They tend to support the view the carbon sequestration using biological systems is technically feasible with relatively good precision and at relatively low cost. Thus carbon sinks can be operational.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Sinks; Global warming; Sequestration; Forests; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10480

CAN CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS WORK IN RESOURCE-POOR COUNTRIES? THE EXPERIENCE OF MOZAMBIQUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Low,   Jan W.; Garrett,   James L.; Ginja,   Vitoria.
Cash transfer programs are rare in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper describes the evolution of a cash transfer program in major urban centers of Mozambique, from its inception in 1990 through two major reorganizations until October 1998. Appropriate design, strong multisectoral political support and adequate administrative capacity are critical factors determining the success of such programs. Key lessons applicable to other resource-poor countries designing social assistance programs are drawn, recommending adequate targeted support to truly destitute persons incapable of physical labor in urban areas where administrative costs are more manageable than in more isolated rural sites.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94513

Can Climate Change Mitigation Policy Benefit the Israeli Economy? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Shechter,   Mordechai.
The growing attention to global warming due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the process of fossil fuel--based energy production is expressed in the Kyoto Protocol, which prescribes, on average, a 7 percent reduction in GHG emissions for developed countries. Although Israel was not included in the list of the obligated countries ("Annex A"), it should consider the economic implications of participating in the emission reduction effort, as such a commitment becomes highly feasible following the Bali roadmap which oblige a successor to the Kyoto Protocol to launch negotiations including all parties to the UNFCCC on a future framework, stressing the role of cooperative action and of common though differentiated responsibility. This study aimed to quantify...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium; Climate Change; Environmental Policy; Double Dividend; Israel; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; D58; H23; Q43; Q48; Q52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6361

Can Climate Change Save Lives? A comment on “Economy-wide estimates of the implications of climate change: Human health"
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Stanton,   Elizabeth A.
In a recent article in this journal, Francesco Bosello, Roberto Roson, and Richard Tol make the surprising prediction that the first stages of global warming will, on balance, save a large number of lives. Bosello et al. fail to substantiate this remarkable estimate, and they make multiple mistaken or misleading assumptions. They rely on research that identifies a simple empirical relationship between temperature and mortality, but ignores the countervailing effect of human adaptation to gradual changes in average temperature. While focusing on small changes in average temperatures, they ignore the important health impacts of extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and hurricanes. They extrapolate this pattern far beyond the level that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37240

Can Co-Management Improve the Governance of   A Common- Pool Resource? Lessons From A Framed Field Experiment in A Marine Protected Area in the Colombian Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moreno-Sanchez,   Rocio del Pilar; Maldonado,   Jorge Higinio.
Complexities associated with the management of common pool resources (CPR) threaten governance at some marine protected areas (MPA). In this paper, using economic experimental games (EEG), we investigate the effects of both external regulation and the complementarities between internal regulation and non-coercive authority intervention—what we call co-management—on fishermen’s extraction decisions. We perform EEG with fishermen inhabiting the influence zone of an MPA in the Colombian Caribbean. The results show that co- management exhibits the best results, both in terms of resource sustainability and reduction in extraction, highlighting the importance of strategies that recognize communities as key actors in the decision-making process for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common-pool resources; Governance; Co-management; Experimental economic games; Fisheries; Latin America.; Environmental Economics and Policy; C93; C72; D02; D70; Q01; Q22; Q28; C23; C25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60731

Can Conditional Cash Transfers Serve as Safety Nets to Keep Children at School and Out of the Labor Market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Janvry,   Alain; Finan,   Frederico; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth.
Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs for education are known to be effective in increasing educational achievements among the rural poor. Using panel data from the Progresa experience with randomized treatment, we show that there is strong state dependence in school attendance. Short term shocks that take children out of school will consequently have long term consequences on their educational achievements. We show that idiosyncratic and covariate shocks do indeed push parents to take children out of school and to use child labor as risk coping instruments. However, CCT help protect children from these shocks, creating an additional benefit from these programs as effective safety nets with long term benefits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25075

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Extinction; Wildlife farming and bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; C61; F13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46994

CAN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS MAKE (AGRICULTURAL) ECONOMICS A HARD SCIENCE? CRITICAL REMARKS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
This paper argues that mainstream economics does not follow the positivist research tradition it (often implicitly) claims to follow and expresses some serious doubt that econometrics in particular can make economics a hard science. Mathematical rigour and sophisticated statistical techniques may be regarded as persuasive analytical tools in economics, but their mere application does not guarantee good research practice. The paper outlines an alternative methodological view of pragmatic instrumentalism in which the well known tools of economic analysis can find a new place. Instead of relying on a narrow rule that purports to produce universal truth, this view encourages to increase the target area for questioning and probing. Much more attention is paid...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic method; Econometrics; Philosophy of science; Pragmatic instrumentalism; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; B41; C10.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14911

CAN ECONOMIC GROWTH BE SUSTAINED? A POST-MALTHUSIAN PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
During the late 1990's, a spurt of growth in output and productivity led the business press, and some economists, to proclaim that the economy had entered a new era in which the old rules that governed cyclical and secular growth in the past no longer obtained. In the paper I present the results of a two sector economic growth model that demonstrates that as the share of the goods producing sectors (agriculture and manufacturing) continue to decline the service sector will have to bear almost the entire burden of sustaining productivity growth in the U.S. economy. A clear implication is that the rate of productivity growth, and the rate of output, will regress toward the rate of growth in its least productive sectors.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14276

CAN FAO's MEASURE OF CHRONIC UNDERNOURISHMENT BE STRENGTHENED?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Lisa C.; Nai Ken,   Logan.
In its Sixth World Food Survey released at the 1996 World Food Summit, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reported that 841 million people in developing countries are chronically undernourished. This number and its country- and regional-level disaggregations have proved tremendously useful to countless aid agencies and researchers. In the context of a recent wave of new nationally-representative household food consumption and expenditure data, this paper examines the estimation methodology underlying this food insecurity indicator, which relies on national aggregate measures of food availability and distribution. The paper finds that the measure is methodologically biased toward national food availability and does not fully...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94868

Can Forest Management Strategies Sustain The Development Needs Of The Little Red River Cree First Nation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Nelson,   Harry; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan; Webb,   Jim.
In this study, we explore whether projected socio-economic needs of the Little Red River Cree Nation (LRRCN) can be met using the natural resources to which they have access. To answer this question, we employ a dynamic optimization model to assess the capacity of the available forest base to provide for anticipated future needs of the LRRCN. Results for alternative management strategies indicate that decision-makers face significant tradeoffs in deciding an appropriate management strategy for the forestlands they control.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; First Nations; Forest management; Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37012

Can genetic engineering for the poor pay off? An ex-ante evaluation of Golden Rice in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stein,   Alexander J.; Sachdev,   H.P.S.; Qaim,   Matin.
Genetic engineering (GE) in agriculture is a controversial topic in science and society at large. While some oppose genetically modified crops as proxy of an agricultural system they consider unsustainable and inequitable, the question remains whether GE can benefit the poor within the existing system and what needs to be done to deliver these benefits? Golden Rice has been genetically engineered to produce provitamin A. The technology is still in the testing phase, but, once released, it is expected to address one consequence of poverty " vitamin A deficiency (VAD) " and its health implications. Current interventions to combat VAD rely mainly on pharmaceutical supplementation, which is costly in the long run and only partially successful.  We develop a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering; Beta-carotene biofortification; Vitamin A deficiency; Golden Rice; Health benefits; DALYs; Cost-effectiveness; Cost-benefit analysis; India; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8534

Can Globalisation Result in Less Efficient and More Vulnerable Industries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Growing economic globalisation (a means of market extension) may increase the economic vulnerability of firms in modern industries, especially those in which firms experience substantial economies of scale.  The possibility is explored that globalisation activates competitive pressures that forces firms into a situation where their leverage (fixed costs relative to variable costs, or overhead cost relative to operating costs or capital intensity) rises substantially.  Consequently, they become increasingly vulnerable to a sudden adverse change in economic conditions, such as a collapse in the demand for their industry’s product.  This is explored for monopolistically competitive markets and also for oligopolistic markets of the type considered and modelled...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; Vulnerability of industries; Oligopolistic markets; Monopolistic markets; Financial Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90536

Can health warnings and nutritional information lower welfare?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost analysis; Competition; Health; Monopolies; Nutrition; Welfare economics; Food Security and Poverty; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47006

CAN HYPOTHETICAL, QUESTIONS PREDICT ACTUAL, PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC PROGRAMS? A FIELD VALIDITY TEST USING A PROVISION POINT MECHANISM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poe,   Gregory L.; Clark,   Jeremy; Schulze,   William D.
Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation utilized a demand revealing public good mechanism to implement a green electricity program for provision of renewable energy and planting trees. This GreenChoiceTM program provided an opportunity to test the reliability of contingent valuation for predicting actual participation levels. In this study, participation levels predicted by hypothetical open-ended and dichotomous choice questions are compared to a reference level obtained from the actual GreenChoiceTM program. This approach represents an important improvement over past public goods contingent valuation validity tests which have relied on voluntary contribution mechanisms to elicit actual willingness to pay, and thus are likely to overestimate hypothetical bias...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7264

CAN HYSTERESIS AND REAL OPTIONS EXPLAIN THE FARMLAND VALUATION PUZZLE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turvey,   Calum G.
This paper proposes that the common finding that land prices are systematically higher than their fundamental value as measured by the present value of future cash might be due to real options arising from uncertainty in cash flows.  The paper posits a model in which the seller has a real option to postpone the sale of land.  Because the value of land is measured as a present value, the buyer does not hold a similar option to postpone the purchase.  It is argued that the seller's option offers a plausible explanation for the wedge between observed farmland prices and the present value model.  The paper uses a Dixit and Pindyck (1996) real options framework.  Using historical cash flow and land price information for Ontario, it is shown how real options can...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34131

CAN INCOME EQUALITY INCREASE COMPETITIVENESS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fishman,   Arthur; Simhon,   Avi.
This paper explores the relationship between income distribution, prices, production efficiency and aggregate output in a decentralized search economy.  We show that income distribution determines how competitive the market is, and thereby affects production efficiency and aggregate output.  It is shown that it is generally possible to engineer a judicious transfer of income from high to low income individuals which simultaneously increases income  equality, competitiveness, and aggregate output.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Search; Price Dispersion; Income Inequality; Consumer/Household Economics; D83.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14983

Can market power be estimated?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hyde,   Charles Evan; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics; Equilibrium; Marketing; Supply and demand; Marketing.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47275

CAN PEOPLE DISTINGUISH PÂTÉ FROM DOG FOOD?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bohannon,   John; Goldstein,   Robin; Herschkowitsch,   Alexis.
Considering the similarity of its ingredients, canned dog food could be a suitable and inexpensive substitute for pâté or processed blended meat products such as Spam or liverwurst. However, the social stigma associated with the human consumption of pet food makes an unbiased comparison challenging. To prevent bias, Newman's Own dog food was prepared with a food processor to have the texture and appearance of a liver mousse. In a double-blind test, subjects were presented with five unlabeled blended meat products, one of which was the prepared dog food. After ranking the samples on the basis of taste, subjects were challenged to identify which of the five was dog food. Although 72% of subjects ranked the dog food as the worst of the five samples in terms...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51757

Can Permanence Be Insured? Consideration of Some Technical and Practical Issues of Insuring Carbon Credits from Afforestation and Reforestation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Jenny L.P.; Dutschke,   Michael.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) removals by afforestation and reforestation project activities under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are vulnerable to a variety of risks and uncertainties, resulting in the partial or total reversal of such removals. Hence, GHG removals from these sink activities are considered to be of temporary nature and non-permanent. Specific modalities related to non-permanence will need to be developed in order to include afforestation and reforestation project activities under the CDM and for a decision on modalities to be reached at COP 9 in December 2003. Two main options on how to address non-permanence have been proposed, these being temporary credits and insurance of emission reduction credits. This paper discusses...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; Forestry; Insurance; Permanence; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q25; Q13.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26270

Can Power from Space Compete?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacAuley,   Molly K.; Darmstadter,   Joel; Fini,   John N.; Greenberg,   Joel S.; Maulbetsch,   John S.; Schaal,   A. Michael; Styles,   Geoffrey S.W.; Vedda,   James A.
Satellite solar power (SSP) has been suggested as an alternative to terrestrial energy resources for electricity generation. In this study, we consider the market for electricity from the present to 2020, roughly the year when many experts expect SSP to be technically achievable. We identify several key challenges for SSP in competing with conventional electricity generation in developed and developing countries, discuss the role of market and economic analysis as technical development of SSP continues during the coming years, and suggest future research directions to improve understanding of the potential economic viability of SSP.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy economics; Solar power; Space; Satellites; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10542

CAN PRICE SUPPORTS NEGATE THE SOCIAL GAINS FROM PUBLIC RESEARCH EXPENDITURES IN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
The burgeoning literature on how the benefits from research may be negative for a given price support arbitrarily ignores the costs of price supports for a given level of research. Furthermore, the very existence of price supports is inconsistent with the normative criterion that governments simply maximize social income. We show that there are always gains from research, even if governments maximize social income subject to a farm income goal. Our results are also consistent with the statements made by Schultz and Ruttan that ignoring price supports will result in all over (or under) valuation of research benefits. Finally, we indicate that the predictions of the "no gains from research" literature may not be substantiated by empirical evidence and that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6881

Can Process Conditionality Enhance Aid Effectiveness? The Role of Bureaucratic Interest and Public Pressure
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hefeker,   Carsten; Michaelowa,   Katharina.
Can process conditionality really enhance poverty reduction in developing countries? This question is addressed in the framework of a politico-economic model considering political distortions both on the recipient and on the donor side. It turns out that process conditionality is a very useful tool to raise the welfare of the poor as long as the international aid organizations hold all necessary information to assess the political situation in recipient countries and to select the true representatives of the poor into a participatory process. If they do not hold this information or if other bureaucratic interests reduce their incentive to acquire this information, process conditionality loses its effectiveness in achieving the desired objective.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty reduction; Process conditionality; Political economy of international organizations.; Food Security and Poverty; Political Economy; D72; D73; F35; O19.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26389

Can Qualitative and Quantitative Methods Serve Complementary Purposes for Policy Research?: Evidence from Accra
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maxwell,   Daniel G.
Qualitative and quantitative methods in social science research have long been separate spheres with little overlap. However, recent innovations have highlighted the complementarity of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The Accra Food and Nutrition Security Study was designed to incorporate the participation of a variety of constituencies in the research, and to rely on a variety of approaches—both qualitative and quantitative—to data collection and analysis. This paper reviews the way in which qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the Accra study. The argument of the paper is that the complementary use of qualitative and quantitative approaches provides a greater range of insights and perspectives and permits triangulation or the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrition; Research; Social Sciences; Methodology; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97042

Can Quality Revitalize the Alaskan Salmon Industry?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Weninger,   Quinn.
Declining salmon prices, due primarily to expansion of farmed salmon production, have reduced revenues for Alaska's wild salmon fisheries by roughly 62 percent over the past 10 years. One possibility for reversing this trend is to differentiate wild and farmed salmon in consumer markets through quality improvements and marketing. We use a simple conceptual model to highlight the challenges that Alaska's wild salmon industry must overcome before the industry is likely to see significant revenue gains from increased quality. Our tentative conclusion is that product differentiation could increase profits for wild salmon. However, implementation may require significant departures from traditional production and management practices and possibly an amendment to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Product differentiation; Salmon; Quality assurance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18469

Can R&amp;D-Inducing Green Tariffs Replace International Environmental Regulations?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naghavi,   Alireza.
This paper investigates the link between trade and environment by exploring the effects of green tariffs on the location of firms, innovation and the environment. It shows that tariffs levied on polluting goods could result in less global pollution than harmonization of environmental standards by inducing more pollution abatement R&amp;D, generating lower unit emissions from production, and reducing competition. Green tariffs reduce pollution by (1) shifting production to the region where environmental standards are respected, (2) strategically inducing abatement R&amp;D by the Northern firm by granting the latter a higher market share, (3) creating abatement R&amp;D by deterring delocation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12052

CAN REVENUE INSURANCE SUBSTITUTE FOR PRICE AND YIELD RISK MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanson,   Steven D.; Black,   J. Roy; Wang,   H. Holly.
This is a revised copy of Staff Paper 2000-48.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11655

Can Rural Communities Comply with the New Arsenic Standard for Drinking Water?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cho,   Yongsung; Konishi,   Yoshifumi; Easter,   K. William.
Our primary concern in this paper is to determine to what extent small communities have difficulty meeting the new stricter 2001 standard for arsenic levels in their drinking water. To do this we survey water users in rural Minnesota communities that had arsenic levels in their water supply exceeding 10 g/L during 2001-2006. Our survey results show that after obtaining complete information concerning the arsenic levels in their drinking water consumers with relatively low levels of arsenic were willing to pay $8-9 annually, while those with high levels of arsenic are willing to pay $15-17 annually. We also found that consumer’s willingness to pay (WTP) didn’t vary by community size. Thus, we conclude that compared to compliance costs ($58-327 per capita...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7353

CAN SOUTH AFRICA AFFORD TO BECOME AFRICA'S FIRST WELFARE STATE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thurlow,   James.
This paper assesses the economy-wide impact of implementing and financing a universal or basic income grant (BIG) in South Africa. The various financing scenarios suggested by the proponents of the grant are presented, and these are compared using an applied general equilibrium model for the South African economy. The results indicate that the required changes in direct and indirect tax rates needed to finance the grant without increasing the government deficit are substantially higher than currently predicted. Furthermore, the alternative of reducing government recurrent expenditure to finance the BIG will undoubtedly undermine other government policy objectives. The paper therefore proposes a shift in the current debate, away from determining which of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16297

CAN SPOT AND CONTRACT MARKETS CO-EXIST IN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carriquiry,   Miguel A.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
New production technologies, consumers who are more discriminating, and the need for improved coordination are among the forces driving the move from spot markets to contracts. Some worry that this tendency will result in the disappearance of spot markets, or at least that they will become too thin to be of help for an efficient price discovery process. Other authors point to the reduction in welfare of independent producers resulting from contracting in oligopsonistic industries. While a large body of literature is available tackling the contract versus spot market decision, much less is known about the reasons that lead to procurement in both markets. This paper provides a simple model to study how fundamental economic factors influence the contracting...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contract markets; Contracting in agriculture; Specialty grains; Spot markets; Yield risk; Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18634

CAN SPOT AND CONTRACT MARKETS CO-EXIST IN AGRICULTURE?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Carriquiry,   Miguel A.
New production technologies, consumers who are more discriminating, and the need for improved coordination are among the forces driving the move from spot markets to contracts. Some worry that this tendency will result in the disappearance of spot markets, or at least that they will become too thin to be of help for an efficient price discovery process. Other authors point to the reduction in welfare of independent producers resulting from contracting in oligopsonistic industries. While a large body of literature is available tackling the contract versus spot market decision, much less is known about the reasons that lead to procurement in both markets. This paper provides a very simple model to study how fundamental economic factors influence the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contracting in agriculture; Spot markets; Yield risk; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18404

Can the concept of “food sovereignty” justify increasing agricultural protection in developing countries?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laroche Dupraz,   Catherine; Postolle,   Angele.
The food crisis has challenged the political legitimacy and economic efficiency of the deregulation and liberalization of international agricultural trade. In the second half of the 20th century, “food security” was put forward as the grounds for the implementation of modern protectionist agricultural policies in developed countries. In response to falling, unstable agricultural prices on world markets, price support mechanisms became the main European agricultural policy tool, generating high tariffs. The protection of agricultural markets was reassessed by the Uruguay Round of the GATT international trade negotiations (1986-1994), resulting in binding commitments to reduce domestic support measures suspected of impacting world prices. The ongoing Doha...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food sovereignty; Developing countries; Protection; Agricultural policy; WTO negotiations; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115435

CAN THE MOMENTUM BE SUSTAINED? AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE/SASAKAWA GLOBAL 2000'S EXPERIMENT WITH IMPROVED CEREALS TECHNOLOGY IN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Demeke,   Mulat; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Stepanek,   Julie.
A joint research activity of: Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation Grain Marketing Research Project/ Michigan State University.  Ethiopia, one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, faces increasing food insecurity unless it can dramatically boost agricultural productivity per hectare.  In 1993, the Sasakawa/Global 2000 Program (SG2000) began work in Ethiopia in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture's Department of Extension and Cooperatives (MOA).  The objective of their joint program was to demonstrate the productivity increases that could be achieved when farmers were provided with appropriate research messages, adequate extension assistance, and agricultural inputs such as improved seed, fertilizers and agrochemicals,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11526

CAN THE UNITED STATES COMPETE WITH DAIRY EXPORTING NATIONS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buxton,   Boyd M.; Frick,   George E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1975
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13847

CAN WE FORECAST THE PRICE OF HONEY?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shafer,   Carl E.
While the long term trend in U. S. production has been downward, increased imports have been  supplying the upward trend in U. S. honey consumption.  Exceptionally high producer level prices during 1996 and 1997 were apparently due to lower world supplies, particularly as reflected in stocks.  The recent large increases in imports and, to a lesser extent, stocks led to the softening in U. S. producer prices in 1997 while retail prices and margins remained firm.  U. S. retail poundage sales, based on Nielsen data, remained robust, dropping only slightly in the face of a 40% increase in retail price between 1995 and 1997.  The producer price for honey in 1998 will depend largely on three factors: (1) U. S. honey producers' response in terms of honey...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24007

Can We Save the Traditional Family Farm?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Anderson,   David P.; Smith,   Edward G.
What is a traditional family farm? Is it a family of four living on a farm and supplying all of the labor, capital and management or is it a family corporation with four families supplying all of the capital and management? These types of questions continue to arise in policy debates, as they have for many years. While subject to heated debate and the core of many people’s positions on farm programs the answer is more sociological as it is becoming less and less economically relevant. Whether these types of farms or any other farm sizes should survive is not a question that can be answered by a policy analyst. The job of an analyst is to determine if and under what conditions family farms can survive. To this end, this paper reviews the various definitions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42778

CAN WE SAVE TROPICAL FORESTS BY HARVESTING NON-TIMBER PRODUCTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Southgate,   Douglas; Coles-Ritchie,   Marc; Salazar-Canelos,   Pablo.
Many people believe that tropical forest conservation strategies for Latin America should focus on extracting non-timber products. However, very little economic research has addressed the activity. This paper presents the results of a study of vegetable ivory, or tagua (Phytelephas aequatorialis), production in western Ecuador. It is one of the largest extractive industries in the hemisphere.  We found that, until recently, households collecting tagua received payments that barely covered the value of their harvest labor.  By contrast, a few firms that slice tagua into disks that are exported to overseas button manufacturers have captured sizable profits.  This concentration of economic returns at the top of the domestic marketing chain has been typical of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11875

Canada - Audiovisual Policies: Impact on Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acheson,   Keith; Maule,   Christopher.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26070

Canada - Mexico Agricultural Economies and Trade Under Closer North American Relations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitura,   Verna; Alhassan,   Iddi; Romero,   Fernando.
Continued expansion of economic and security relations between Canada, United States, and Mexico are expected in the years to come.  The United States is by far the largest export market for both Canada and Mexico with each nation exporting over 80% of their products to this large economy. However, trade between Canada and Mexico has also grown significantly since the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) a decade ago. The two-way trade between Canada and Mexico has more than doubled from Cdn $6.5 billion in 1995 to Cdn $15.1 billion in 2002, according to official Statistics Canada trade statistics.  A recent merchandise trade reconciliation study undertaken between Statistics Canada and a Mexican Working Group on Foreign Trade...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28047

Canada's Beef Cattle Sector and the Impact of BSE on Farm Family Income 2000-2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitura,   Verna; di Pietro,   Lina.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28038

Canada-US Softwood Lumber Trade Revisited: Examining the Role of Substitution Bias in the Context of a Spatial Price Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mogus,   Anthony; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In the last two decades, softwood lumber trade between Canada and the United States has been characterized by numerous trade restrictions. Many studies have attempted to quantify the effects of such sanctions, and in doing so, softwood lumber was modeled as a single, homogenous commodity. However, recent research has suggested that this may be a misleading assumption, since not all softwood lumber products are equivalent substitutes. We refer to this problem as the substitution bias, and uniquely address this issue in estimating the effects of trade restricting policies. Using a spatial price equilibrium (spe) model, impacts of the post-sla import duties are estimated and compared to estimates of two alternative policy regimes – an export tax and quota. By...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Softwood lumber trade; Spatial price equilibrium; Lumber substitutability; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37016

Canadian Agriculture and the Doha Development Agenda: The Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Meilke,   Karl D.
The WTO Framework Agreement negotiators accepted in July 2004 provides a guide to the commitments a Doha Development Agenda agreement may contain. These commitments will involve direct and indirect export subsidies, domestic support and market access. Commitments in each of these areas will have implications for Canadian agriculture. This paper explores these implications for supply management, the Canadian Wheat Board and domestic support programs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24157

Canadian Consumer Attitudes and Purchasing Behaviour of Omega-3 Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nilsson,   Tomas K.H.; Chase,   Darren; Emunu,   John Paul; McCann-Hiltz,   Diane; Peng,   Yanning.
The development of innovative functional food products is a major trend in today's food industry. The growth of this industry is driven by increased consumer awareness of their own health deficiencies, increased understanding of the possible health benefits of functional foods, development in formulation technologies, a positive regulatory environment and changing consumer demographics and lifestyles. While there has been a proliferation of omega-3 products such as milk, eggs, yogurt, and margarine in the Canadian food market, very little is known about consumers of omega-3 products.  In our study we use ACNielsen HomescanTM data combined with ACNielsen Panel TrackTM survey data to develop profiles of omega-3 consumers in Canada. The focus of the study is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Omega-3 fatty acids; Nutritional labelling; Health benefits; Ordered probit model; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C81; D12; I19; Q19.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7713

Canadian Dairy Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Peng,   Yanning.
The Canadian dairy industry faces a changing market environment as processors react to apparent shifts in consumers' preferences, consumers react to an altered mix of products on retail dairy shelves, and industry adjusts to potential pressures of competition and the challenge of new market opportunities under the impetus of changes arising from international trade. The purpose of this study is to derive a set of updated and disaggregated estimates of demand for major dairy products in a manner consistent with the economic theory of consumer behaviour. These estimates are necessary for policy models, policy analysis and forecasting. Previously dairy demand estimates were only available for broad product groupings such as fluid milk, butter, all cheese and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24037

CANADIAN DAIRY EXPORT SUBSIDIES AND THE WTO APPELLATE DECISION: DAIRY MARKET EXPANSION IN LIMBO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mussell,   Al; Martin,   Larry J.
The dairy industry in Canada was turned on its ear by the release of the WTO decision last fall that Canada's Special Milk Classes constitute an export subsidy. Dairy processors fear the loss of established export markets. At the same time, the decision threatens the role of supply management authorities as the sole marketers of farmers' milk. Will farmers market milk for export directly to processors? What consequences could renewed marketing board involvement in exports have in the international trade arena? The industry is preparing for conflict as it reorients itself in the international market. That conflict is embedded in proposals made by some of the milk marketing agencies and by some processor members of the National Dairy Council(NDCC).  Because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18136

CANADIAN EXPORTS OF LIVESTOCK AND MEAT TO THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.; Koo,   Won W.; Petry,   Timothy A.
Canadian exports of beef and live cattle to the United States have increased significantly since the late 1980s.  Hog exports have increased since the mid-1990s.  Major factors affecting exports of beef, pork, cattle, and hogs from Canada to the United States include the exchange rate, increased Canadian production, U.S.-Canada price differentials, and trade liberalization under the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA) of 1989.  Increased Canadian exports have resulted in small but significant reductions in U.S. domestic prices of beef, pork, and hogs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beef; Bilateral trade; Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement; Cattle; Free trade agreement; Pork; Hogs; Prices; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23610

CANADIAN EXPORTS OF WHEAT AND BARLEY TO THE UNITED STATES AND ITS IMPACTS ON U.S. DOMESTIC PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
Canadian exports of wheat and barley to the United States have increased significantly since the late 1980s.  The objectives of this study are to determine the factors that affect trade flows of hard red spring wheat, durum wheat, malting barley, and feed barley from Canada to the United States and to evaluate the impacts of Canadian wheat and barley exports on the U.S. domestic prices of these commodities.    Major factors affecting trade flows of these commodities from Canada to the United States include the exchange rate, quality differences, differences in market size, the U.S. Export Enhancement Program, the elimination of Canadian rail subsidies, and trade liberalization under the Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement of 1989 (CUSTA).  These...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bilateral trade; Free trade agreement; Wheat; Barley; Farm price; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23499

CANADIAN NET INCOME STABILIZATION ACCOUNTS AND OTHER OPTIONS FOR ACHIEVING COUNTER-CYCLICAL PROGRAM PAYMENTS WITH PLANTING FLEXIBILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Edelman,   Mark A.
This discussion outline describes the Canadian Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA) concept; provides comparisons to U.S. proposals for Farm and Ranch Risk Management (FARRM) and Individual Risk Management Accounts (IRMA); and compares these concepts to other selected policy options with respect to the counter-cyclical nature of payments and planting flexibility criteria. Staff Paper 333 embodies the discussion outline used by the author in presentation to the National Commission for 21st century Production Agriculture.  The 1996 FAIR Act established the Commission to develop recommendations on future U.S. Farm Policy for the Congress and the President prior to expiration of the current farm policy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18257

CANADIAN TRANSPORTATION AND GRAIN HANDLING: ISSUES AFFECTING THE NORTH AMERICAN BARLEY SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Joon J.; Wilson,   William W.; Johnson,   D. Demcey.
The Canadian grain handling and transportation system has undergone substantial change in recent years, particularly since the elimination of rail subsidies in 1995. Competitive pressures and branch line abandonment have forced many primary elevators to close, while scores of new high-throughput elevators have been constructed across the Prairies. Rationalization of the grain handling system and proposals for further deregulation of rail transportation are driven by the need to improve system efficiency. Policy recommendations of the Estey Report (notably, the elimination of rail rate caps, and 'port buying' by the Canadian Wheat Board) would have important consequences for the grain trade and are contentious issues within Canada. Changes in grain...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain handling; Transportation; Barley; Canadian Wheat Board; Regulatory reform; Rationalization; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23158

CANADIAN WHEAT EXPORT PROSPECTS IN THE ASIAN NOODLE MARKET: ANALYZING JAPAN AND KOREAN MILLING INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Unterschultz,   James R.; Kim,   Renee B.
The motivation for this study is the lack of knowledge of millers' preferences for noodle wheat in Asia, where noodle wheat is an expanding market segment. Data for the study are from interviews and questionnaires completed by millers in South Korea and Japan. Two different methodologies were applied--stated preference methods and semantic differential scales. Consistent results are seen from each method. Millers' choices of wheat with varying characteristics were analysed with multinomial logit models. These estimates are used to identify millers' preferred product profiles for various types of wheat and flour. Estimates are reported in the paper for millers' preferences for intrinsic quality features and trade contract terms for major types of wheat....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24055

Canola and Rapeseed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   James B.; Jimmerson,   Jason.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29209

Capacity building for participatory irrigation management in Sindh Province of Pakistan.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Memon,   Yameen; Talpur,   Mustafa; Murray-Rust,   Hammond.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Institutions; Organizations; Private sector; Public sector; Local government; Mapping; Water resource management; Water policy; Legislation; Rural women; Constraints; Groundwater; Surface water; Water quality; Water use; Water users; Dams; Reservoirs; Large-scale systems; Irrigation management; Industrialization; Case studies; Operations; Maintenance; Canals; Conflict; Farmer-agency interactions; Policy; Water supply; Rural development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92769

Capacity building for participatory irrigation management in Sindh Province of Pakistan.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Memon,   Yameen; Talpur,   Mustafa; Murray-Rust,   Hammond.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Participatory management; Distributary canals; Watercourses; Institution building; Farmers' associations; Social organization; Training; Farmer managed irrigation systems; Irrigated farming; Irrigation canals; Water distribution; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92785

Capacity Development as a Research Domain: Frameworks, Approaches, and Analytics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babu,   Suresh Chandra; Sengupta,   Debdatta.
Strengthening national capacity for designing public policies and program interventions is fundamental for achieving development goals. Yet results of capacity strengthening programs have shown mixed results in the last fifty years. Capacity development, as a field of scientific enquirty still lacks a unified framework among development professionals. Capacity development is defined as the process by which individuals, groups, organizations, institutions, and societies increase their ability to perform core functions, solve problems, define and achieve objectives, and understand and sustainably deal with development issues. The concept of capacity as an integral component of development agendas is not new, yet it has only recently been acknowledged that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capacity development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56122

Capital Accumulation, State Intervention and Privatisation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Syn,   Tan Wooi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30687

CAPITAL DECISIONS WITH TEMPORAL RESOLUTION OF UNCERTAINTY: A MEAN-VARIANCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Legg,   Thomas D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13597

Capital Malleability and the Macroeconomic Costs of Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanzi,   Elisa; Sue Wing,   Ian.
This paper argues for introducing the role of capital malleability into the analysis of environmental policies. The issue is explored by means of a theoretical model, a numerical analysis and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Considering the three approaches together is fundamental in obtaining theory-compatible policy-relevant results. The model outcomes reveal differences between results under separate assumptions regarding the malleability of capital. When capital is imperfectly malleable a carbon policy is less effective than under the assumption of perfect malleability of capital. Therefore, it is important that, especially for the analysis of short-term environmental regulations, the issue of capital malleability is taken into...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Equilibrium; CGE Models; Climate Change Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; H22; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59476

CAPITAL MARKETS AND THE DYNAMICS OF GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13633

CAPITAL MARKETS AND THE STABILITY OF THE GROWTH PROCESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shane,   Mathew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13795

Capital Service Flows: Concepts and Comparisons of Alternative Measures in U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersen,   Matthew A.; Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
Measures of capital services are used in studies of production and to inform policies related to growth and development. A variety of methods have been used to measure capital stocks and service flows. In this study we review methods commonly used to measure capital service flows, and outline important assumptions used in constructing such measures. We examine two recently constructed data sets that measure capital inputs in U.S. agriculture. Substantial differences in the measures appear to have been caused by the use of a fixed real interest rate versus a variable real market interest rate to calculate capital services.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capital measures; U.S. agriculture; State-level panel data; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50098

Capital Services in U.S. Agriculture: Concepts, Comparisons, and the Treatment of Interest Rates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersen,   Matthew A.; Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Service Flows: Concepts and Comparisons of Alternative Measures in U.S. Agriculture.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2009. (Staff paper P09-8; InSTePP paper 09-03)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92801

Capital Stocks and Their User Costs for West German Agriculture: A Documentation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Witzke,   Heinz Peter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18781

Capital Structure and Regulation: Does Ownership Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bortolotti,   Bernardo; Cambini,   Carlo; Rondi,   Laura; Spiegel,   Yossi.
We construct a comprehensive panel data of 96 publicly traded European utilities over the period 1994-2005 in order to study the relationship between the capital structure of regulated firms, regulated prices, and investments, and examine if and how this interaction is affected by ownership structure. We show that firms in our sample increase their leverage after becoming regulated by an independent regulatory agency, but only if they are privately controlled. Moreover, we find that the leverage of these firms has a positive and significant effect on regulated prices, but not vice versa, and it also has a positive and significant effect on their investment levels. Our results are consistent with the theory that privately-controlled firms use leverage...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulated utilities; Regulatory agencies; Capital structure; Leverage; Investment; Private and state ownership; Public Economics; L51; G31; G32; L33.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7449

Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersen,   Matthew A.; Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143

Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersen,   Matthew A.; Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
Measures of productivity growth are often pro-cyclical. This study focuses on measurement errors in capital inputs, associated with unobserved variations in capital utilization rates, as an explanation for the existence of pro-cyclical patterns in measures of agricultural productivity. Recently constructed national and state-specific indexes of inputs, outputs, and productivity in U.S. agriculture for 1949-2002 are used to estimate production functions in growth rate form that include proxy variables for changes in the utilization of durable inputs. The proxy variables include an index of farmers’ terms of trade and an index of local seasonal growing conditions. We find that utilization responses by farmers are significant and bias measures of productivity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7314

CAPITALISM IN HUMAN SCALE: ARE THERE "VIRTUOUS CIRCLES" IN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN ACHIEVING A NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRY STATUS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mendis,   Patrick.
The purpose of this paper is two-fold: the first part is to understand the "virtuous circles" of economic growth and human development; the second part is to review the development literature related to this discussion. For this, the evolving development strategies of Sri Lanka and South Korea and the seemingly convergent two schools of thinking are briefly outlined in Section II. Section III surveys the pace of economic and human progress to give a broad background of the debate. Section IV analyzes the economic growth and human development in selected Industrialized Countries, Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs), Emerging NICs, and Aspiring South Asian neighbors of Sri Lanka...In the second part of the paper, a discussion of economic development...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13901

CAPRi Technical Workshop on Watershed Management Institutions: A Summary Paper
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Knox,   Anna; Gupta,   Subodh.
The System-wide Program for Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) sponsored a workshop on Watershed Management Institutions, March 13-16, 1999 in Managua, Nicaragua. The workshop focused on methodologies for undertaking research on watersheds, particularly those issues and tools that enable a more thorough understanding of the complex interactions between the biophysical factors and socioeconomic institutions of watersheds. Both social and biophysical scientists from CGIAR and other research institutions were brought together to present research and participate in focused discussions on methodologies for addressing collective action and property rights, scale, participation, and impact assessment. The forum also provided an opportunity for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50044

Captive insurance companies and the management of non-conventional corporate risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lesourd,   Jean-Baptiste; Schilizzi,   Steven.
We examine under what conditions setting up a captive insurance company with reinsurance is an optimal solution for risk-averse firms when the insured firm, the insurer and the reinsurer do not know the probability distribution of some risks, and have conflicting estimates of this distribution.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate insurance; Reinsurance; Uncertainty; Ambiguity; Non-conventional risks; Captive insurance companies; Risk and Uncertainty; D81; G22; Q2.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100886

CAPTURING HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL SPATIAL INFLUENCE IN AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT USING RANDOM EFFECTS REGRESSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.
Data on agricultural and natural resource management typically have spatial patterns related to the landscapes from which they came.  Consequently, econometric models designed to explain the determinants of humans' natural resource management practices or their outcomes often have spatial structure that can bring bias or inefficiency to parameter estimates.   Although econometric tools are available to correct for spatial structure, such tools are largely lacking for use with discrete dependent variable models.   While one obvious solution would be to develop the necessary tools, an alternative is to identify conditions under which spatial dependency can be managed effectively without formal spatial autoregressive models.  This study examines conditions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11516

CAPTURING THE ECONOMIC SURPLUS CREATED BY IRRIGATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Easter,   K. William.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13260

Características dos Agregados Familiares Rurais nas Zonas Afectadas pelas Cheias do Ano 2000 no Centro e Sul de Moçambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benfica,   Rui M.S.; Arlindo,   Pedro; Weber,   Michael T.; Tschirley,   David L.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Rural households; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56040

Carbon Abatement Costs: Why the Wide Range of Estimates?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Morgenstern,   Richard D.
Estimates of marginal abatement costs for reducing carbon emissions in the United States by the major economic-energy models vary by a factor of five, undermining support for mandatory policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We use meta analysis to explain these cost differences, holding policy regimes constant and focusing on the role of baseline emissions projections and structural characteristics of the models. The results indicate that certain assumptions, like freer trade and greater disaggregation of regions and nonenergy goods, lead to lower estimates of marginal abatement costs, while more disaggregated energy goods raise them. Other choices, like myopic optimization by households or the inclusion of an international finance sector, seem less...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate models; Carbon tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q4; Q25; D58.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10537

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) - Liability for Non-Permanence under the UNFCCC
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bode,   Sven; Jung,   Martina.
Prior to CoP 10, our discussion paper "On the Integration of Carbon Capture and Storage into the International Climate Regime" argued that carbon capture and storage (CCS) was similar to carbon sequestration in the area of Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF). This was criticized by several readers who observed that treating CCS as a removal activity (sink) would not be compatible with the UNFCCC sink definition, what we already had mentioned in the paper. The present paper is based on the UNFCCC definition and analyses how CCS could be integrated into the climate regime. As CO2 may re-enter the atmosphere after injection into geological reservoirs, the question of long-term liability has to be considered. Apart from this aspect, additional...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage; CDM; Climate Change; UNFCCC; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q40.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26131

Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios for the USA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tol,   Richard S.J.
A model of carbon dioxide emissions of the USA is presented. The model consists of population, income per capita, economic structure, final and primary energy intensity per sector, primary fuel mix, and emission coefficients. The model is simple enough to be calibrated to observations since 1850. The model is used to project emissions until 2100. Best guess carbon dioxide emissions are in the middle of the IPCC SRES scenarios, but incomes and energy intensities are on the high side, while carbon intensities are on the low side. The confidence interval suggests that the SRES scenarios do not span the range of not-implausible futures. Although the model can be calibrated to reflect structural changes in the economy, it cannot anticipate such changes. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12046

Carbon Kuznets Curves: Long-run Structural Dynamics and Policy Events
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mazzanti,   Massimiliano; Musolesi,   Antonio.
We study the structural differences among climate change leading ‘factors’ - Northern EU members -, and lagging actors - southern EU countries and the ‘Umbrella group’ - with regard to long run carbon-income relationships. Homogeneous and heterogeneous panel models show that the groups of countries less in favour of stringent climate policy have yet to experience a Kuznets curve, though they show relative delinking. Northern EU instead robustly shows bell shapes. Exogenous policy events such as the 1992 climate change convention appear to be relevant in shaping the EKC of Northern EU. In addition, other events such as the second oil price shock appear to have also impacted in shaping the long run emission/GDP dynamics.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Kuznets Curve; Panel Cointegration; Heterogeneous Panels; Cross-Section Correlation; Kyoto Framework; Bayesian Models; Policy Events; Long Run Dynamics; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q53.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55286

Carbon Leakage Revisited: Unilateral Climate Policy with Directed Technical Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Maria,   Corrado; van der Werf,   Edwin.
A common critique to the Kyoto Protocol is that the reduction in emissions of CO2 by countries who comply with it will be (partly) offset by the increase in emissions on the part of other countries (carbon leakage). This paper analyzes the effect of technical change on carbon leakage in a two-country model where only one of the countries enforces an exogenous cap on emissions. Climate policy induces changes in relative prices, which cause carbon leakage through a terms-of-trade effect. However, these changes in relative prices in addition affect the incentives to innovate in different sectors. We allow entrepreneurs to choose the sector for which they innovate (directed technical change). This leads to a counterbalancing induced-technology effect, which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12056

Carbon Leakage with International Technology Spillovers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gerlagh,   Reyer; Kuik,   Onno.
In this paper we study the effect of international technology spillovers on carbon leakage. We first develop and analyse two simple competing models for carbon leakage. The first model represents the pollution haven hypothesis. It focuses on the international competition between firms that produce energy-intensive goods. The second model highlights the role of a globally integrated carbon-energy market. We calculate formulas for the leakage rates in both models and, through meta-analysis, show that the second model captures best the major mechanisms reported in the CGE literature on carbon leakage. We extend this model with endogenous energy-saving technology and international technology spillovers. This feature is shown to decrease carbon leakage. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon-Leakage; Climate Policy; Induced Technological Change; Trade and Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; O39; Q25; Q4.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9328

Carbon Mitigation Costs for the Commercial Sector: Discrete-Continuous Choice Analysis of Multifuel Energy Demand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newell,   Richard G.; Pizer,   William A.
We estimate a carbon mitigation cost curve for the U.S. commercial sector based on econometric estimation of the responsiveness of fuel demand and equipment choices to energy price changes. The model econometrically estimates fuel demand conditional on fuel choice, which is characterized by a multinomial logit model. Separate estimation of end uses (e.g., heating, cooking) using the 1995 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey allows for exceptionally detailed estimation of price responsiveness disaggregated by end use and fuel type. We then construct aggregate long-run elasticities, by fuel type, through a series of simulations; own-price elasticities range from -0.9 for district heat services to -2.9 for fuel oil. The simulations form the basis of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commercial energy demand; Carbon policy; Climate change; Discrete choice; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q28; Q48; Q41; C35; C15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10625

Carbon Prices Required to Make Digesters Profitable on U.S. Dairy Farms of Different Sizes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazarus,   William F.; Goodkind,   Andrew; Gallagher,   Paul W.; Conway,   Roger K.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/15/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Biogas plant; Livestock manure; Electricity; Methane; Carbon offset value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98628

CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CO-BENEFITS, AND CONSERVATION PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Kling,   Catherine L.; Gassman,   Philip W.
Land use changes to sequester carbon also provide "co-benefits," some of which (for example, water quality) have attracted at least as much attention as carbon storage. The non-separability of these co-benefits presents a challenge for policy design. If carbon markets are employed, then social efficiency will depend on how we take into account co-benefits, that is, externalities, in such markets. If carbon sequestration is incorporated into conservation programs, then the weight given to carbon sequestration relative to its co-benefits will partly shape these programs. Using the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) as an example, we show that CRP has been sequestering carbon, which was not an intended objective of the program. We also demonstrate that more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Co-benefits; Conservation Reserve Program; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18336

Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils: Discounting for Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.
The study presents a conceptual model of an aggregator who selectively pays farmers for altering farming practices in exchange for carbon offsets that the change in practices generates. Under the assumption that the offsets are stochastic and that the aggregator maximizes the sum of the offsets from the purchase that he/she can rightfully claim with a specified level of confidence subject to a budget constraint, we investigate the optimal discounting of expected carbon offsets. We use the model to estimate empirically the optimal discounting levels and costs for a hypothetical carbon purchasing project in the Upper Iowa River Basin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils; Offset discounting; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18551

Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: Value and Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Feng,   Hongli; Zhao,   Jinhua; Kling,   Catherine L.
We investigate the value of carbon sequestration in a dynamic model, demonstrating that it is only a fraction of the value of emission abatement unless the sequestration, the natural decay rate of carbon and the discount rate.  We also show that to optimally reduce the carbon stock, sinks should be utilized as early as possible.  Further, we propose and assess three mechanisms to efficiently introduce sequestration into a carbon permit trading market, a pay-as-you-go system.  We show that, although the three mechanisms may not be equally feasible to implement, they are all efficient.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18380

Carbon Sequestration with Reforestations and Biodiversity-Scenic Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caparros,   Alejandro; Cerda,   Emilio; Ovando,   P.; Campos,   Pablo.
This paper presents an optimal control model to analyze reforestations with two different species, including commercial values, carbon sequestration and biodiversity or scenic values. We solve the model qualitatively with general functions and discuss the implications of partial or total internalization of environmental values, showing that internalizing only carbon sequestration may have negative impacts on biodiversity-scenic values. To evaluate the practical relevance, we compare reforestations in the South-west of Spain with cork-oaks (a slow growing native species) and with eucalyptus (a fast growing alien species). We do the analysis with two different carbon crediting methods: the Carbon Flow Method and the Ton Year Accounting Method. With the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal Control; Forests; Carbon; Sequestration; Biodiversity; Scenic; Stated Preferences; Carbon Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9323

Carbon Sinks and Reservoirs: The Value of Permanence and Role of Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Scientists are enthusiastic about storing carbon in terrestrial sinks and geological reservoirs in order to obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil-fuel use. Estimating relative costs of various options depends on how permanence is assessed and whether physical carbon is discounted. We demonstrate that, in carbon markets, terrestrial sinks credits cannot be traded one-for-one for emission reduction credits and the conversion factor would depend on how long sinks keep CO2 out of the atmosphere as compared with emission reductions and, discounting physical carbon. As a result, the authority could not determine a conversion factor and the market would be required to do so.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset; Carbon sinks; Discounting physical carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37018

Care and Nutrition: Concepts and Measurement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engle,   Patrice L.; Menon,   Purnima; Haddad,   Lawrence James.
The concept of "care" as an analytical construct is still new to many outside the nutrition field. Moreover, for those in the field, care is problematic from the measurement point of view. Our hope is that this paper provides an effective introduction to care for the former group, and a useful summary for the latter group of attempts to develop care indicators. Care is the provision in the household and the community of time, attention and support to meet the physical, mental, and social needs of the growing child and other household members. The significance of care has been best articulated in the UNICEF framework. This paper extends the model presented by UNICEF by defining resources for care and specific care behaviors, and presenting an argument for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child Care; Child Feeding; Food Availability; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97306

CARGILL'S ACQUISITION OF CONTINENTAL GRAIN'S GRAIN MERCHANDISING BUSINESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayenga,   Marvin L.; Wisner,   Robert N.
What are the advantages of concerns raised regarding the Cargill acquisition of Continental Grain company's grain merchandising business?  The largest grain exporter acquiring the second largest exporter has raised some concerns regarding potential loss of competition, but also may make these firms with excess capacity more efficient and effective in competing for a larger U.S. share of the world market.  This white paper pulls together the relevant data which was quickly available and provides some analysis which may prove useful in the dialog as the pros and cons of this acquisition are debated.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18251

CARGO PREFERENCE LEGISLATION, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AND THE FUTURE OF THE DULUTH-SUPERIOR ECONOMY: A LEGISLATIVE HISTORY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gitomer,   Charles S.; Runge,   C. Ford.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13609

CARIBBEAN DEMAND OF U.S. AND REST-OF-THE-WORLD STARCHY FOOD (WHEAT, RICE, CORN, AND FRESH POTATOES): A RESTRICTED SOURCE DIFFERENTIATED ALMOST IDEAL DEMAND SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dameus,   Alix; Tilley,   Daniel S.; Brorsen,   B. Wade.
This study provides elasticity estimates of the Caribbean demand for U. S. and Rest-of-the-World starchy foods (unmilled wheat and flour, rice, corn and fresh potatoes) using the Restricted Source Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System (RSDAIDS) model. Caribbean per capita import demand curves for U.S. and Rest-of-the-World (ROW) are own-price unitary elastic for U. S. wheat, and own-price inelastic for U.S. rice and ROW wheat and rice. The implication is that reductions by any means in U. S. or ROW export prices of wheat and rice will increase U.S. or ROW exported quantities in the Caribbean, while at the same time securing food security through import quantity in the Caribbean. Wheat is not produced in the Caribbean. U. S. wheat price policy oriented...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Caribbean demand; Elasticity estimates; Food security; Price policies; Restricted Source Differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System (RSDAIDS); Starchy food; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25232

CARICOM Bilateral Trade: A Preliminary Analysis Using the Gravity Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandberg,   H. Mikael; Taylor,   Timothy G.; Seale,   James L., Jr.
This paper investigates the determinants of intra-CARICOM bilateral trade and the CARICOM member's trade with the North American and European countries using the gravity model. Seventeen annual cross-sections are estimated for the period 1980 through 1996. Overall, the empirical results indicate that the gravity model has considerable potential to explain intra-CARICOM bilateral trade as well as trade between CARICOM members and non-members. The evidence suggests that both the importer's GDP per capita and the exporter's GDP per capita exert strong positive effects on CARICOM trade levels. Since these effects are found to be statistically the same, we conclude that the gravity model is symmetric with respect to GDP per capita. Further, sharing a common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Caribbean economies; CARICOM; FTAA; Gravity model; Regional integration; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15636

Case Studies of E-Commerce Activity in Rural and Small Town Businesses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markley,   Deborah M.; Barkley,   David L.; Lamie,   R. David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112894

Case Studies of E-Commerce in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: A Review of the Literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barkley,   David L.; Lamie,   R. David; Markley,   Deborah M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112893

Case Study: Value Added in the Oats Industry in Alberta and Western Canada 1998
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aitkin,   Darren; Unterschultz,   James R.; Jeffrey,   Scott R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24087

Cash Crop and Foodgrain Productivity in Senegal: Historical View, New Survey Evidence, and Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kelley,   Valerie A.; Diagana,   Bocar N.; Reardon,   Thomas; Gaye,   Matar; Crawford,   Eric W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 10.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11459

Cash Crop Farms in Southern Minnesota 1968-1970
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pagel,   Douglas; Nodland,   Truman R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8498

Cash Crop Farms in Southern Minnesota 1971-1973
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Otis,   Janet B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8489

CASH ETHANOL CROSS-HEDGING OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Franken,   Jason R.V.; Parcell,   Joseph L.
Increased use of alternative fuels and low commodity prices have contributed to the recent expansion of the ethanol industry.  As with any competitive industry, there exists some level of output price risk in the form of volatility.  Yet, no actively traded ethanol futures market exists to transfer output price risk to.  This study reports estimated minimum variance cross-hedge ratios between Michigan spot cash ethanol and the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) unleaded gasoline futures for 1-, 4-, 8-, 16-, and 24-week hedging periods.  The research yields two results.  First, the appropriate quantity of ethanol to hedge with one 42,000 NYMEX unleaded gasoline futures contract for each respective hedging period is realized.  Second, the magnitude of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26035

CASH FLOW IMPLICATIONS OF FIXED VERSUS VARIABLE INTEREST RATE DEBT STRUCTURES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moe,   Lonn; Thompson,   Jerry L.
The objective of this study was to discover the magnitude of the effect variable rate loans have on net operating cash flow over the period from 1968 to 1981. This was done by comparing a variable rate loan model with a fixed rate loan model under varying debt loads for four farm types.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13470

CASH - FUTURES PRICE RELATIONSHIPS: GUIDES TO CORN MARKETING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karlson,   Nicholas; Anderson,   Brad; Dahl,   Reynold P.
This study analyzes the role of futures markets in corn marketing decisions.  Besides price discovery and price-risk management, hedging in the futures market facilitates a return to corn storage.  First, the seasonality in corn marketings and prices is examined.  Second, the seasonality of the difference between cash and futures prices, the basis, is analyzed.  Understanding the basis is important because it is a useful guide for decisions on corn storage and sale.  Finally, several corn marketing strategies are developed and analyzed.  Cash corn prices at Clarkfield, Minnesota, and futures prices on the Chicago Board of Trade are used in the analysis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14274

CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS WITH INCOME MULTIPLIERS: PROCAMPO IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain; Davis,   Benjamin.
Cash transfer programs induce multiplier effects when recipients put the money they receive to work to generate additional income. The ultimate income effects are multiples of the amounts transferred. This paper analyzes the PROCAMPO program in Mexico, which was introduced to compensate farmers for the anticipated negative effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the price of basic crops. The transfer rules and the timing of the panel data collected allow unique control of biases in this impact analysis. We find that the multiplier among ejido sector recipients is in the range of 1.5 to 2.6. Multipliers are higher for medium and large farm households, low numbers of adults in the household, nonindigenous backgrounds, and households...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16402

Cashew Production in Guinea Bissau
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyle,   Steven C.
Cashew is by far the most important cash crop grown in Guinea Bissau. Indeed, the degree of export dependence on this crop exceeds even the export dependence of most members of OPEC on oil exports. This paper provides an overview of the current system of cashew production in Guinea Bissau and suggests policies to improve production, marketing and international sales.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cashew; Poverty; Macroeconomy; Financial Economics; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55925

CASH-FUTURES PRICE RELATIONSHIPS AS GUIDES TO GRAIN MARKETING DECISION-MAKING: CASH BASIS FOR CORN, WHEAT AND SOYBEANS IN MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Reynold P.; Henneberry,   Patrick.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between cash and futures prices over the three years 1972-73 through 1974-75 for corn, soybeans, and wheat at selected country locations in Minnesota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13690

CASINOS IN THE UPPER MIDWEST: A DISCUSSION OF THE IMPACTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
The recent expansion and proliferation of legalized casino gaming has spurred debate at all levels of government.  As a result, a number of studies have attempted to quantify many of the economic, social, and fiscal impacts of legalized casino gaming.  This study reviewed existing literature on the effects of casino gaming in the Upper Midwest and discussed some of the issues associated with casino activities. The impacts of casino gaming have generally been evaluated at either the local and/or state or regional level.  Positive economic impacts have been quantified more often than negative economic impacts.  Few studies have attempted to quantify the social costs of casino gaming. The economic impacts of casino activities on local economies have generally...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gambling; Tribal gaming; Casino gaming; Economic impacts; Social impacts; Fiscal impacts; Upper Midwest; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23459

Casting the naturalization of asylum seekers as an economic problem
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded.
The naturalization of asylum seekers is modeled as an economic problem. In choosing their level of investment in host-country-specific human capital, asylum seekers take into consideration the probability of their being naturalized. The government of the host country chooses the probability of naturalization that most encourages the acquisition of such human capital. That human capital, in turn, increases the asylum seekers’ productivity and earnings and, consequently, maximizes the government’s tax receipts if the asylum seekers are allowed to stay permanently. Conditions are presented under which the optimal level of investment in the host-country-specific human capital is positive, and rises in the probability of naturalization. The asylum seeker’s...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: The probability of naturalization; Investment in host-country-specific human capital; Economic behavior of asylum seekers; Economic behavior of the government of the host country; Stackelberg game; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; A13; F20; J24; J41; J61.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/62160

CATALOG SPECIALTY FOOD BUYERS' COMPUTER USAGE AND PURCHASING ACTIVITY: A CASE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Gregory K.
Specialty food aficionados, who use the Internet to gather information or place orders, resemble those who rely on mail order catalogs, except for being younger.  Both groups are well- educated, wealthy, and frequent specialty food buyers.  Among those studied, nearly all of the Internet users have considered shopping by catalog, half had used the Internet in the previous six months, and about 10 percent had actually purchased specialty food or beverages online.  While preferring traditional retail shopping, this group views catalog and online shopping as substitutes.  When choosing to shop via either of these options, product quality and uniqueness are most important; shipping costs and price are least important. These conclusions are based on a survey...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14302

CATCHING-UP TRAJECTORIES IN THE WINE SECTOR: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHILE, ITALY AND SOUTH AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cusmano,   Lucia; Morrison,   Andrea; Rabellotti,   Roberta.
From a development perspective an investigation of the changes that have occurred in the wine industry is of particular interest because it provides evidence on how emerging economies have been able to acquire significant shares of the international market in a dynamic sector. Based on novel empirical evidence as well as secondary sources, this paper shows that emerging countries with diverse institutional models and innovation strategies, have been driving the process of technological modernization and product standardization. Newcomers in the wine sector have responded particularly effectively to changes in consumption habits, and in aligning emerging scientific approaches with institutional building efforts and successful marketing strategies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine; South Africa; Chile; Italy; Emerging economies; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48299

Catch-Quota Balancing in Multispecies Individual Fishing Quotas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sanchirico,   James N.; Holland,   Daniel S.; Quigley,   Kathryn; Fina,   Mark.
Individual fishery quotas (IFQs) are an increasingly prevalent form of fishery management around the world, with more than 170 species currently managed with IFQs. Yet, because of the difficulties in matching quota holdings with catches, many argue that IFQs are not appropriate for multispecies fisheries. Using on-the-ground-experience with multispecies IFQ fisheries in Iceland, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, we assess the design and use of catch-quota balancing mechanisms. Our methodology includes a mix of interviews with fishery managers, industry representatives, and brokers, literature review, and data analysis. We find that a combination of incentives and limits on use rates for the mechanisms provide sufficient flexibility to the quota owner...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resources; Created markets; Tradable permits; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q22; Q28; D40; L10.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10543

Cattle Feeding Farms in Southern Minnesota 1969-1971
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nodland,   Truman R.; Otis,   Janet B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8503

CATTLE PRODUCER ATTITUDES TOWARDS ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING PRACTICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Little,   Randall D.; Forrest,   Charlie S.; Lacy,   R. Curt.
This paper reports the results of a comprehensive survey of Mississippi beef cattle producers regarding their current production and marketing practices and their attitudes toward and willingness to employ alternative production and marketing practices.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beef cattle production and marketing practices; Producer attitudes; Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15792

Cattle Producer' Participation in Market Channels in Central America: Supermarkets, Processors, and Auctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balsevich,   Fernando; Schuetz,   Paul; Perez,   Edwin.
This paper focuses on the determinants and effects of the participation of cattle producers in the supermarket channel, export processor channel, and traditional auction channel. It begins with the analysis of the market channels using qualitative data from 50 interviews of retailers, processors, auction market managers, and other key informants in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, two widely differing cases. It then analyzes patterns and supplies of producers by channel using farm level data (from the authors' survey of farmers in 2004) from 300 farms in the two countries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11482

CATTLE SITUATION AND OUTLOOK: 1978-87
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13428

CAUSALITY AND PRICE DISCOVERY: AN APPLICATION OF DIRECTED ACYCLIC GRAPHS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haigh,   Michael S.; Bessler,   David A.
Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG's) and Error Correction Models (ECM's) are employed to analyze questions of price discovery between spatially separated commodity markets and the transportation market linking them together.  Results from our analysis suggest these markets are highly interconnected but it is the inland commodity market that is strongly influenced by both the transportation and commodity export markets. However, the commodity markets affect the volatility of the transportation market over longer horizons.  Our results suggest that transportation rates are critical in the price discovery process lending support for the recent development of exchange traded barge rate futures contracts.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28588

CAUSALITY IN FUTURES MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryant,   Henry L.; Bessler,   David A.; Haigh,   Michael S.
This research investigates various unresolved issues regarding futures markets, using formal methods appropriate for inferring causal relationships from observational data when some relevant quantities are hidden.  We find no evidence supporting the generalized version of Keynes's theory of normal backwardation.  We find no evidence supporting theories that predict that the level of activity of speculators or uninformed traders affects the level of price volatility, either positively or negatively.  Our evidence strongly supports the mixture of distribution hypothesis (MDH) that trading volume and price volatility have one or more latent common causes, resulting in their positive correlation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28574

Causes and Consequences of Economic Stress in Agriculture: Contrasting the Views of Rural Residents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Ekstrom,   Brenda L.; Vreugdenhil,   Harvey G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23167

CAUSES OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY IN KOREDEGAGA PEASANT ASSOCIATION, OROMIYA ZONE, ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haile,   H.K.; Alemu,   Zerihun Gudeta; Kudhlande,   G.
The main objective of the study was to examine the determinants of households' food security using a logistic regression procedure. The model was initially fitted with eleven factors, of which six were found to be significant, and all exhibited the expected signs. These include farmland size, ox ownership, fertilizer application, education level of household heads, household size, and per capita production. The result was analyzed further to compute partial effects and to conduct simulation studies on significant determinant factors. Analysis of partial effects revealed that an introduction to fertilizer use and an improvement in the educational levels of household heads lead to relatively greater probability of food security. On the other hand,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28074

CAUSES OF HUNGER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cohen,   Marc J.; Reeves,   Don.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16378

CAUSES OF INSTABILITY IN CEREAL PRODUCTION IN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alemu,   Zerihun Gudeta.
In Ethiopia, average cereal production between the period 1990 and 2000 did not change significantly compared to the period between 1974 and 1990. However, cereal production between the period 1990 and 2000 was characterized by significant instability. This study reviews literature on factors with potential impact on instability in cereal production in Ethiopia and applies descriptive and variance decomposition procedures to determine the sources of increased instability in cereal production. It was found that production instability was caused more by increased yield instability than instability in an area. Yield instability could be the result of changes in technology, changes in policy and changes in weather conditions. It was concluded by this study...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28073

CAUSES OF MULTIFUNCTIONALITY: EXTERNALITIES OR POLITICAL PRESSURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baylis,   Katherine R.; Peplow,   Stephen; Rausser,   Gordon C.; Simon,   Leo K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15841

CAUSES OF OUTPUT DECLINE IN ECONOMIC TRANSITION: THE CASE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Macours,   Karen; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.
This paper quantifies the relative importance of the different causal factors of the changes in agricultural production in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 using a production function and supply response approach. The analyses show that the deterioration of the agricultural terms of trade explains a considerable part (40 to 45 %) of the production change. The effects of the extreme weather conditions that coincided with the reforms explain 10 % to 20 % of the output decline, where as the transition uncertainty accounts for 10 % to 15 %.  The shift of the production to family farms caused a productivity increase due to improved labor effort but the process of disruption of the production structures caused a (temporary) negative effect. The net effect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31877

CAUSES OF RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gardner,   Bruce L.
This paper investigates the sources of growth in agricultural value-added (GDP) and rural household incomes using a sample of developing countries.  The main factors are: (i) providing macroeconomic and political stability; (ii) institutions establishing property rights and incentives; (iii) access to competitive input markets and remunerative output markets; and (iv) adoption of productivity-enhancing technology, and (v) real income growth in the non-agricultural economy.  The evidence indicates a surprisingly large role of the fifth of these.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28559

CDM Baseline Construction for Vietnam National Electricity Grid
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tuyen,   Tran Minh; Michaelowa,   Axel.
For projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), a baseline has to be set to allow calculation of the greenhouse gas emissions reductions achieved. An important obstacle to CDM project development is the lack of data for baseline definition; often project developers do not have access to data and therefore incur high transaction costs to collect them. The government of Vietnam has set up all necessary institutions for CDM, wants to promote CDM projects and thus is interested to reduce transaction costs. We calculate emission factors of the Vietnam electricity grid according to the rules defined by the CDM Executive Board for small scale projects and for large renewable electricity generation projects. The emission factors lie between 365 and 899 g...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Baseline; Electricity generation; Vietnam; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; D62; F18; Q25; Q41.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26393

CDM Potential for Rural Transition in China Case Study: Options in Yinzhou District, Zhejiang Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhao,   Xingshu; Michaelowa,   Axel.
This paper aims to examine the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to address energy- related issues during the rural transition process in China, using a case study of quickly urbanizing and industrializing Yinzhou district in coastal Zhejiang province. Yinzhou's per capita GDP reached US$ 3100 in 2002, three times China's average, and is targeted to achieve $10,000 in 2020. We assess the current energy status of Yinzhou, and provide projections of energy consumption and CO2 emissions up to the year 2020. Energy resource shortages and limited possibilities to obtain coal-fired electricity from national grid illustrate the opening gap between energy supply and demand. We find that Yinzhou's CDM potential is concentrated in efficiency...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Development Mechanism; China; Urbanization; Energy efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q 540; Q 580.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26152

CDM Potential of Dairy Sector in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sirohi,   Smita; Michaelowa,   Axel.
Among the co-operative mechanisms established under the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism is the only one, which has the potential to assist developing countries in achieving sustainable development by promoting environmentally friendly investment from industrialized country governments and businesses. Although, apart from nuclear energy and deforestation avoidance, all other projects are eligible under CDM, so far, the CDM projects have largely been confined to industrial sector and agricultural sector, in general has been left out. To assess the issues and opportunities presented by potential international markets for greenhouse gases offsets through the CDM and facilitate implementation of CDM in India, a National Startegy Study on CDM is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CDM; Agriculture; Dairy; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q54; Q18; O13.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26281

CDM Projects in China's Energy Supply and Demand Sectors - Opportunities and Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Jusen,   Asuka; Krause,   Karsten; Grimm,   Bernhard; Koch,   Tobias.
China has had an enormous growth of energy and electricity consumption during the last decades. This has been fuelled primarily by using domestic coal resources. Until 1997, annual construction of power stations averaged around 15 GW which was not sufficient to alleviate the demand surplus. Forecasts envisaged continuation of this growth. The majority of power stations is small scale and reather inefficient. Local air pollution is becoming very strong and is increasingly seen as a political issue. Foreign investment in the power sector has been hampered by bureaucracy and unclear competencies. On the demand side, energy efficiency has improved markedly in the last two decades, albeit from a very low basis. Due to the economic transformation, many proven...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26216

CEAGO VINEGARDEN: HOW GREEN IS YOUR WINE? ENVIRONMENTAL DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY THROUGH ECO-LABELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delmas,   Magali A.; Doctori-Blass,   Vered; Shuster,   Kara.
wine eco-labeling case study
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Organic wine; Biodynamic wine; Labeling; Case study; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37326

CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS ANALYSIS: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rismiller,   Craig W.; Tyner,   Wallace E.
The passage of U.S. laws mandating and subsidizing advanced cellulosic biofuels may spur the development of a commercial cellulosic biofuels industry.  However, a cellulosic industry will only develop if the overall economics including government incentives render investment in the sector attractive to private investors.     This study compares the profitability of three biofuel production types: grain based ethanol, cellulosic biochemical ethanol, and cellulosic thermochemical biofuels.  In order to compare the current profitability of each of the production types, the Biofuels Comparison Model (BCM) was developed.  The BCM is a spreadsheet model that estimates the net present value (NPV) for each production type given input and output prices, technical,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Cellulosic biofuels; Corn ethanol; Biofuel economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Z42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53583

Census of Agriculture Highlights, New York State, 2007
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bills,   Nelson L.; Stanton,   Bernard F.
The Census of Agriculture provides a continuing historical record of what has happened on New York State farms and its wider rural economy. The purpose of this report is to provide readily accessible information on basic historical facts about agriculture in New York State such as land in farms, numbers of farms, acreage of major crops and numbers of livestock for census years dating back to 1992. Census results for 2007 show that 24 percent (7.5 million acres) of the State’s land area was in farms. This acreage is roughly equal to the land in farms reported in the early 1990s but far below the peak acreage in the early 1900s. Much of the land formerly in farms has reverted to forest or brush. Total cropland in 2007 was 4.31 million acres of which 79...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55945

CENTRALIZATION VERSUS DECENTRALIZATION OF DECISION MAKING AUTHORITY: EFFECTS ON INFORMATION ACQUISITION AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Joan R.; King,   Robert P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13376

Centralized and Decentralized Management of Local Common Pool Resources in the Developing World: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Velez,   Maria Alejandra; Murphy,   James J.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper uses experimental data to test for a complementary relationship between formal regulations imposed on a community to conserve a local natural resource and nonbinding verbal agreements to do the same. Our experiments were conducted in the field in three regions of Colombia. Each group of five subjects played 10 rounds of an open access common pool resource game, and 10 additional rounds under one of five institutions— communication alone, two external regulations that differed by the level of enforcement, and communication combined with each of the two regulations. Our results suggest that the hypothesis of a complementary relationship between communication and external regulation is supported for some combinations of regions and regulations, but...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14532

Centre Commissioned External Review (CCER) of the IWMI-TATA Water Policy Research Program.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burke,   Jacob J.; Joshi,   Deep; Chopra,   Ravi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Research projects; Project appraisal; Financing; Institutional development; Evaluation; Water policy; Water management; Irrigation management; Groundwater; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92021

Cereal Crop Productivity in Developing Countries: Past Trends and Future Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingali,   Prabhu L.; Heisey,   Paul W.
This paper synthesizes the evidence on cereal crop productivity in developing countries over the past 30 years and looks at future prospects for productivity growth. For more than three decades we have witnessed the phenomenal growth of cereal crop productivity in the developing world. Termed the Green Revolution, the initial phase of this growth resulted from an increase in land productivity and occurred in areas of growing land scarcity and/or areas with high land values. Significant investments in research and infrastructure development, especially irrigation, were the strategic components of this increased productivity. In the post-Green Revolution period, particularly in Asia, productivity growth has been sustained through increased input use and,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7682

Cereal Prices, Bread Consumption and Health in Scotland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Lamprinopoulou-Kranis,   Chrysa; Kupiec-Teahan,   Beata; Leat,   Philip M.K.; Cacciolatti,   Luca.
The recent rise in food prices has increased concern about the choice of a healthy food basket, especially in the context of the current formulation of a National Food Policy for Scotland. This concern has revived interest in food price and expenditure demand systems as they provide information about consumers’ food decisions. The paper focuses on the consumption of brown and white bread, as they are the most typical forms of cereals use in the UK. Moreover, nutritionists recommend the consumption of wholemeal or brown bread in contraposition to white bread as part of an appropriate diet due to its health benefits. The overall purpose of the paper is to measure the impact that the increase in the price of cereals during the period 2005 to 2008 would have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bread consumption models; Scotland; Food prices; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61121

CEREALS PROSPECTS IN INDIA TO 2020: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar,   Praduman; Rosegrant,   Mark W.; Hazell,   Peter B.R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16363

CERTAINTY EQUIVALENT PRICES AND PRODUCER WELFARE UNDER OUTPUT PRICE UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zilberman,   David.
Producer welfare indices under price uncertainty are derived using the concept of certainty equivalent prices.  In this approach the marginal cost function is used instead of the ex-ante supply function; the effects of uncertainty and risk preference are captured by certainty equivalent prices.  Implications for welfare evaluation are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13562

Certification as a Rationale for Voluntary Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   Patrick.
I model the participation of firms in a voluntary agreement as a costly certification process whereby a firm informs the Regulator of its pollution intensity. Without this knowledge, the Regulator imposes the same tax on all firms in a heterogeneous industry, unduly hurting the clean ones with the lowest intensity. Certification allows clean firms to get a tax rebate. It also entails an informational externality as the dispersion of types decreases within the pool of non-participating firms, following an unraveling process. Because participation is a firm’s private decision, there is such a thing as a bad voluntary agreement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Certification; Voluntary agreements; Pigovian taxes; Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117827

CHALLENGES FOR AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN CEE COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zellei,   Anett.
All Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) have been going through a severe agricultural depression since their centrally planned economies collapsed in the early 1990s. It has now become clear that the transition process is far more complex and is likely to be much more protracted than was first expected. The agricultural policies of the Communist era resulted in considerable environmental problems, which are still present to varying degrees even after a considerable decrease in agricultural inputs during the past ten years. On the other hand, CEECs still retain a significant proportion of Europe's biodiversity. The existing low input and low intensity agriculture practised in these countries can be perceived in certain respects as an opportunity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18882

Challenges for Creating and Sustaining A Green Revolution in Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reardon,   Thomas; Crawford,   Eric W.; Bernsten,   Richard H.; Eicher,   Carl K.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Oehmke,   James F.; Savadogo,   Kimseyinga.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11735

Challenges for Less Developed Countries: Agricultural Policies in the EU and the US
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schure,   Paul; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wang,   Yichuan.
Agricultural policies adopted by developed countries are considered distortional and detrimental to less developed countries (LDCs). This paper discusses the adverse impacts on less developed countries of the agricultural support regimes of the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Despite the fact that the budget for agriculture in these constituencies has the same order of magnitude, we find that the EU relies much more heavily on agricultural support than does the US. Specifically, the EU provides agricultural producers with an amount of support that is about two-and-a-half times that of the US, and for most commodities a larger share of farmers’ income stems from support measures as well. While the composition of producer support differs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural support; European Union; US; Developing countries; Least-developed countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Q14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37047

CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE UNDER CUSTA: HIGHLIGHTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
The report summarizes highlights of papers presented in the conference entitled "Challenges in Agricultural Trade under CUSTA" held in Fargo, North Dakota on October 26-27, 2000.  The main objective of the conference was to analyze emerging issues in agricultural trade between the United States and Canada under the U.S./Canada Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA).  Specific themes include: (1) changes in trade patterns under CUSTA, (2) CUSTA's impact on bilateral agricultural trade,  (3) recent evolution of the U.S. and Canadian marketing systems, (4) major issues for future commercial integration, and (5) trade disputes and negotiations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Free trade agreement; Wheat; Barley; Cattle; Beef; Trade disputes; Trade negotiations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23552

Challenges in Demonstrating the Impact of Overconfidence in M&amp;A Activity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   James M.; Pederson,   Glenn D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100398

CHALLENGES IN MODELING THE EFFECTS OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westhoff,   Patrick C.; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Beghin,   John C.; Meyers,   William H.
Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed. We focus on the modeling approach and pay special attention to the type and scope of the models, the calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, the representation of the reform agreement, the use of extra-model information, the choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in policy modeling. Existing solutions and unresolved issues are examined. We stress the complementarity of various modeling approaches in assessing policy reforms and the importance of helping users understand the limitations of the chosen approach.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Economic modeling; Trade agreements; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18622

Challenges in Modelling and Evaluating Effects of Agricultural Policy Reforms and Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guyomard,   Herve.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25139

CHALLENGES IN QUANTITATIVE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN SUPPORT OF MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; McClatchy,   Don; de Gorter,   Harry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51215

CHALLENGES OF AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL FINANCE IN CEE, NIS AND BALTIC COUNTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pederson,   Glenn D.; Khitarishvili,   Tamar.
Initially, we explore the attitudes and perceptions of farmers and low farm profitability as potential constraints to rural financial intermediation and investment in agriculture.  As part of this discussion we consider what is factual about the "access to credit problem."  Second, we summarize recent changes in agricultural finance and credit conditions in the CEE, NIS, and Baltic countries.  The focus here is on observed financing patterns, sources of credit, and the set of constraints which are thought to affect the level of rural financial intermediation.  Third, we consider how banks are adapting to the new farming structures.  Fourth, we review the primary modes of government intervention in financial markets and the role of government in dealing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14358

CHALLENGES TO THE 2020 VISION FOR LATIN AMERICA: FOOD AND AGRICULTURE SINCE 1970
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   James L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16209

CHALLENGING CONVENTIONAL WISDOM: SMALLHOLDER PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCE OF LAND ACCESS AND TENURE SECURITY IN THE COTTON BELT OF NORTHERN MOZAMBIQUE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strasberg,   Paul J.; Kloeck-Jenson,   Scott.
A new land law went into effect in January 1998 in Mozambique. The impetus behind these actions was the belief that a new legal and regulatory framework was necessary to reduce the frequency of land conflicts between largeholders and smallholders while simultaneously promoting much-needed investment in the agricultural sector. With empirical evidence presented in this report, based on smallholder survey data collected from 1994 to 1996, we challenge widely held beliefs about land tenure and access in the smallholder sector in Mozambique. Although the new land law may improve tenure security for smallholders who experience conflicts with largeholders, two key areas of policy concern have been neglected. First, while provisions in the new legal framework to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farms; Small -- Mozambique Tenure security (Natural resources) -- Mozambique Land use; Rural -- Mozambique Land use; Rural -- Government policy -- Mozambique Agrarian structure -- Mozambique Farms; Size of -- Mozambique Land conflicts -- Mozambique Farm Management Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12794

Challenging the Goldschmidt Theory of Rural Purchasing Patterns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Foltz,   Jeremy D.; Zeuli,   Kimberly A.
This work uses unique data from three dairy dependent communities in rural Wisconsin to test established theory and empirical studies that link farm structure to local purchasing patterns and community economic development. A theoretical model of purchasing choices is developed to derive the determinants of local purchasing by dairy farms. This model is tested empirically using a double bounded Tobit model. The empirical estimations find little support for any linkage between farm size and local purchasing patterns across eleven major dairy farm inputs. The results do suggest that different community business characteristics (the supply side) and community attachment provide some explanations for diverse purchasing patterns.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12598

Challenging US Country of Origin Labelling at the WTO: The Law, the Issues and the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sawka,   Alison L.; Kerr,   William A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: COOL; WTO; Labelling; Despite; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102306

CHANCE GOVERNS ALL: THE FRAGMENTED, FRUSTATING STATE OF AGRICULTURAL TRADE POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Browne,   William P.; Schweikhardt,   David B.; Bonnen,   James T.
The U.S. agricultural policy process is marked by a proliferation of organized interests and rising transaction costs.  These pose a barrier for countries negotiating with the United States on trade issues.  This paper examines the causes of this proliferation of interests, the impact of this proliferation on trade policy decisions, and the consequences of these escalating transaction costs for countries negotiating with the United States.  The results suggest that other countries must anticipate that the U.S. position in trade negotiations will be the result of an accommodation of conflicting interests and that any agreement will pass Congress only if it contains gains for U.S. export industries.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11769

Change and Crisis in the Japanese Banking Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krawczyk,   Mariusz K.
The weakness of the Japanese banking industry, suffering from acute problem of non-performing loans, prevents Japan from restoring sound growth rates despite having undertaken structural reforms and substantial fiscal policy efforts, and, through impairing transmission channels of monetary policy, it has also made ineffective efforts to stimulate the economy through "zero interest rates" and quantitative easing policy. Misunderstanding the roots of the banking crisis contributed greatly to its exceptional length and depth and prevented its early solution. Poor coordination and sequencing of liberalization of financial services together with macroeconomic policy mistakes have been responsible for the crisis. But the origins of those mistakes can be traced...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Japanese economy; Banking crisis; Financial liberalisation; Financial Economics; G21; G28.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26383

Changes in Beliefs and Perceptions about the Natural Environment in the Forest-Savanna Transitional Zone of Ghana: The Influence of Religion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sarfo-Mensah,   Paul; Oduro,   William.
The potential of traditional natural resources management for biodiversity conservation and the improvement of sustainable rural livelihoods is no longer in doubt. In sub-Saharan Africa, extensive habitat destruction, degradation, and severe depletion of wildlife, which have seriously reduced biodiversity and undermined the livelihoods of many people in rural communities, have been attributed mainly to the erosion of traditional strategies for natural resources management. In Ghana, recent studies point to an increasing disregard for traditional rules and regulations, beliefs and practices that are associated with natural resources management. Traditional natural resources management in many typically indigenous communities in Ghana derives from changes in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tumi; Sacred Groves; Forest-Savanna Transition; Sustainability; Traditional; Christianity; Islam; International Development; Z1.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59386

CHANGES IN GRAIN MARKETING, MARKET STRUCTURE, AND PERFORMANCE IN THE 1980'S
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Reynold P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14153

CHANGES IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD LABOR ALLOCATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS COLLECTION: A CASE STUDY FROM RURAL NEPAL, 1982 AND 1997
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooke,   Priscilla A.
This study explores the impact of changes in environmental conditions on intrahousehold labor allocation to the collection of environmental goods such as fuelwood and leaf fodder for a sample of rural Nepali households. Using household-level panel data collected in 1982 and 1997, the study finds that household collection time significantly increases with measures of environmental resource scarcity, and that the increase appears to come almost equally from men and women. Additionally, the results of this study indicate that household collection burdens are significantly lower in 1997 than in 1982, and that women have seen the largest decrease in their time spent collecting. The picture is not an entirely rosy one, however, as consumption of environmental...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16383

Changes in Latin American agricultural markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reca,   Lucio G.; Diaz-Bonilla,   Eugenio.
"November 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42). Published as Reca, L.and E. Diaz-Bonilla. 1997. Changes in Latin American agricultural markets. In International Policy Council on Agriculture Food and Trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture -- Latin America.; Trade liberalization -- Latin America.; Caribbean Area; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97558

CHANGES IN LIVESTOCK MARKETING AND PACKING INDUSTRIES: UNITED STATES, UPPER NORTH CENTRAL REGION, AND MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lawrence,   John D.; Bjornstad,   Even.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13796

CHANGES IN MINNESOTA AGRICULTURAL LAND, 1982-1997: PART I, THE CENSUS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wegner,   Thomas D.; Taff,   Steven J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13810

CHANGES IN MINNESOTA'S LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY: FARM LEVEL TRENDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olson,   Kent D.; Bjornstad,   Even; Grande,   Jorunn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14060

Changes in New Mexico Agriculture 1992
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harper,   Wilmer M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23954

Changes in New Mexico Agriculture 1993
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harper,   Wilmer M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23955

Changes in New Mexico Agriculture 1994
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harper,   Wilmer M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23953

Changes in New Mexico Agriculture 1995
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harper,   Wilmer M.; Orta,   Laura.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23958

Changes in New Mexico Agriculture 1996
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harper,   Wilmer M.; Way,   Jacob.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23959

Changes in Public Sector Employment with a Focus on Wisconsin 1993 to 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.; Maher,   Craig.
This study examines patterns of total employment growth and growth in the public sector. We use data from the 50 states with a focus on the 1993 to 2004 time period. We define the public sector with respect to state government as well as local government with the latter including counties, municipalities, K-12 public schools and special districts. We maintain that given the labor intensive nature of the public sector we can assess the size of the government by monitoring public sector employment. The results clearly suggest that Wisconsin's public sector, as measured by employment, is not "out of control" and growth in the public sector is a natural by-product of growth in the overall economy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12605

CHANGES IN RETAIL FOOD DELIVERY: SIGNALS FOR PRODUCERS, PROCESSORS AND DISTRIBUTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.; Senauer,   Benjamin; King,   Robert P.; Phumpiu,   Paul F.
This paper contains two chapters related to changes in retail food delivery  and sales.  The first discusses trends in consumer demographics and lifestyles and how these continue to drive changes in the way food is prepared and delivered to consumers.  Retail stores are responding with new formats: providing more ready to eat foods; more convenient store layouts; lower prices and better service in niche markets across the country.  Their demands send signals up the food chain to processors and producers that alter their production and inventory decisions.  Electronic information technology speeds these changes and leads to more efficient operation with, allegedly, better service for consumers.  The second chapter discusses how advances in information...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14352

Changes in Returns to Education in India, 1983-94: By Gender, Age-Cohort and Location
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duraisamy,   P.
There is hardly any estimate of the returns to schooling in India based on a national level representative data for the recent period. This paper provides estimates of the returns to education in India by gender, age cohort and location (by rural-urban) for the most recent period 1993/4, and also evaluates the changes in returns over a period of time from 1983-94 using a large national level household survey data. The data show that the returns to education increases up to the secondary level and declines thereafter. There is evidence of substantial gender and rural-urban differences in the returns to schooling. The returns to women's education for the primary and middle levels have declined while those for secondary and college levels have increased...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rate of return; Human capital; India; Labor and Human Capital; J31; I21.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28505

Changes in Rural Household Income Patterns in Mozambique, 1996-2002, and Implications for Agriculture’s Contribution to Poverty Reduction.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boughton,   Duncan; Mather,   David; Tschirley,   David L.; Walker,   Thomas S.; Cunguara,   Benedito; Payongayong,   Ellen M.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Household; Income; Poverty; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56066

Changes in Testing and Paying for Milk Components as Proposed under the Final Rule of Federal Order Reform: Implications for Dairy Producers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cropp,   Robert A.; Shaver,   Randy D.; Wendorff,   William L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12733

CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF GLOBAL FOOD DEMAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cranfield,   John A.L.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Eales,   James S.; Preckel,   Paul V.
A newly developed demand system is used to estimate the response of food and food product demand to per capita expenditure changes.  The resulting Engel elasticities are then used to project food and food product demand in 2020 assuming per capita expenditure and population changes.  Results suggest that while food expenditure is projected to grow, it accounts for a smaller proportion of total expenditure.  Further analysis indicates change in the composition of food demand away from a grain and towards livestock is projected to occur in lower income countries in 2020.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28673

Changes in the wine chain - Managerial challenges and threats for German wine co-ops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanf,   Jon Henrich; Schweickert,   Erik.
Wine production in Germany has a tradition of more than 200 years in each of the 13 German quality wine-growing regions. Even today  mall grape growers dominate the industry. As a result, most of the viticulturists are members of cooperatives. Our observation that grape growers still turn to wine co-ops, and hence, the increase in co-op members and vineyards, might indicate that the wine co-ops are successful. Thus, the aim of our paper is two-fold. First, we analyze the structure of this complex sector and the managerial construct strategic member groups. Second, we empirically test whether the formation of strategic groups is a driver of cooperative success.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wine market; Germany; Co-operatives; Globalization; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37315

CHANGES IN UNIT INPUTS, COSTS OF PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURAL PRICE POLICY--CASE OF POLISH PRIVATE FARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rembisz,   Wlodzimierz; Gemma,   Masahiko.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13953

CHANGES IN U.S. FINANCIAL MARKETS RELEVANT TO MIDWESTERN COMMUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paulson,   Jo Ann.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13372

Changes in water duties and their impact on agricultural production: the case of Girsal Minor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Strosser,   Pierre; Afaq,   Rana M.; Garces,   Carlos.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation management; Canal irrigation; Water supply; Water management; Watercourses; Tube wells; Agricultural production; Crop yield; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114046

Changing Abundance of Elephants and Willingness to Pay for their Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandara,   Ranjith; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper explores the way in which the stated willingness to pay for the conservation of Asian elephants in Sri Lanka varies with hypothetical variations in their abundance.  To do that, it relies on results from a sample of residents of Colombo.  The willingness to pay function is found to be unusual.  It increases at an increasing rate for hypothetical reductions in the elephant population compared to its current level (a level that makes the Asian elephant endangered) and also increases at a decreasing rate for increases in this population from its current level.  Rational explanations are given for this relationship.  The relationship is, however, at odds with relationships suggested in some of the literature for total economic value as a function of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Asian elephant; Contingent valuation; Sri Lanka; Total economic value; Wildlife conservation; Willingness to pay; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90538

CHANGING CANADIAN GRAINS POLICIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONTANA'S GRAIN INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Young,   Linda M.
In Canada many changes have been made, and more are pending, to their grain transportation policies. This package of policy changes has two offsetting impacts on freight rates for Canadian grain producers. The removal of transportation subsidies on grain for export offshore has roughly doubled the cost of transporting grain for the Canadian producer. In addition, the change in pooling points will increase freight rates even more for producers in the eastern part of the prairies. Whether federally owned grain hopper cars are sold to the railways, or to an association of Canadian producers, the cost of the sale is likely to be born by producers through increased freight rates over a number of years. In addition, Canadian producers will bear the cost of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Canada wheat; Montana wheat; Grain policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; F1.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29172

Changing Competitiveness of the Wheat Sector of Kazakhstan and Sources of Future Productivity Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Longmire,   James L.; Moldashev,   Altynbeck.
Economic incentives in Kazakhstan have been radically reshaped since the Soviet era ended in 1991. In the first phase of transition, the economy and agricultural sectors declined by 40-50%. Overall economic growth refused in 1996, and agriculture is likely to enter a recovery phase soon. The economy of Kazakhstan is undergoing rapid structural change, and agriculture is experiencing strong inter-sectoral competition. The change to market-oriented and commercially-driven agriculture has altered fundamentally the incentives faced by Kazakhstan's wheat farmers. They have reduced use of inputs sharply because of the need to pay market prices for fertilizer, fuel, and other inputs, while severely curtailing investment in machinery and their farms generally....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7686

Changing Connecticut's Dairy Regulations: Implications for Performance in the Northeast Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.; Pinkerton,   Don C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25228

CHANGING CONSUMER DEMAND AND ITS IMPACT ON CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zafiriou,   Margaret; Robbins,   Linda; Karamchandani,   D.; Ominsiki,   P.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how consumers in Canada, like those in the United States and Europe, have changed over the last ten years and the impact this is having on how agricultural commodities are being produced, transformed, distributed and traded.  It will also be important to discuss how governments in Canada and elsewhere have reacted and how policies are being adopted to help the agriculture and agri-food sector adjust to the new realities of a more demanding and sophisticated consumer, at home and abroad.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14582

Changing Diets in China's Cities: Empirical Fact or Urban Legend?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Frank H.; Dong,   Fengxia.
Replaced with revised version of paper 09/12/07.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Demand models; Food consumption; Nonparametric analysis; Parametric tests; Structural change; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18382

CHANGING FISH TRADE AND DEMAND PATTERNS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR POLICY RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Delgado,   Christopher L.; Courbois,   Claude B.
Trends for major fisheries products are evaluated for the past two decades, using aggregate annual data. Major changes have been propelled by income growth, changes in preferences and health concerns about meat in developed countries, leading to increased consumption of high-valued fisheries items such as shell and filet fish. Developing countries, especially East Asia, are rapidly increasing consumption of lower valued fishery items, and fish-culture is becoming an increasingly important source of food and exports. Developed countries accounted for 85 percent of net world fish imports in 1994, mostly at the high end of the value spectrum, from about twenty countries. In the ten years preceding 1993, the net value of fisheries exports from developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91857

CHANGING FOOD MARKETS: IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13856

Changing Incentives to Sow Cotton for African Farmers: Evidence from the Burkina Faso Reform
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaminski,   Jonathan.
Over the last 10 years, Burkina Faso has experienced a reform of its cotton sector, and is now the largest African cotton producer and exporter. The cotton ”boom” consisted of a rapid expansion of cotton areas through the growth of land shares allocated to cotton (and new producers), together with an overall increase in total cultivated land. In this paper, we present an empirical framework to determine the contribution of total farmland changes in the increase of land dedicated to cotton, where both processes are represented by ordered endogenous variables. We then analyze data that we collected in rural Burkina Faso in March 2006 within this framework. From measurable indicators of farmer behavior and variables that measure farmer statements for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Parastatal; Burkina Faso’s cotton; Land extension; Privatization; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45779

Changing Patterns of Livestock, Meat, and Dairy Marketing in Post-Communist Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Esenova,   Saulesh; Dobson,   William D.
This Discussion Paper describes the challenges associated with marketing livestock, meat, milk, and dairy products in Post-Communist Kazakhstan. A major finding is that Food Master, a joint venture between Developed Technologies, Inc. of the US and Ak-Bulak, Ltd. of Kazakhstan, achieved profits and large market shares in the fluid milk business in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. Food Master's milk procurement practices also changed the structure of the dairy business in Kazakhstan's Almaty region and provided a model for slowing the downward spiral in milk production in Kazakhstan. The study contains lessons for other agribusinesses wishing to form joint ventures in Post-Communist Central Asia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Kazakhstan; Marketing in Kazakhstan; Post-Communism; Food Master; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37659

CHANGING PRICES, CHANGING CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Purcell,   Wayne D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14819

Changing Productivity in U.S. Petroleum Exploration and Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bohi,   Douglas R.
This study analyzes sources of productivity change in petroleum exploration and development in the United States over the last ten years. There have been several major developments in the industry over the last decade that have led to dramatic reductions in the cost of finding and developing oil and natural gas resources. While some of the cost savings are organizational and institutional in nature, the most important changes are in the application of new technologies used to find and produce oil and gas: 3D seismology, horizontal drilling, and deepwater drilling. Not all the innovation is endogenous to the industry; some rests on outside advances (such as advances in high-speed computing that enabled 3D seismology), as well as learning-by-doing. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Petroleum supply; Technical change; World oil market; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q31; O31.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10902

Changing Regulatory Environment for Small-Medium Size Enterprises and Their Performance in Ghana
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aryeetey,   Ernest; Ahene,   Ama Asantewah.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30594

CHANGING STRUCTURE OF THE MINNESOTA DAIRY INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaiser,   Harry M.; Hammond,   Jerome W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13043

CHANGING STRUCTURES IN THE BARLEY PRODUCTION AND MALTING INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buschena,   David E.; Gray,   Richard S.; Severson,   Ethan.
Substantial changes have taken place recently in the regulation of agricultural trade in North America. The effect of these changes on trade in agricultural commodities is of particular interest to producers and policymakers in the Northern Plains and Rockies region. In this paper, we discuss specifically the malt barley production, malting, and brewing industries in light of these new  trade agreements and their ramifications. We evaluate the incentives that free trade provides for mergers between barley malting firms, and then we assess the consequences of these mergers on the realized gains from trade for consumers, barley producers, and malting firms. The globalization of markets has fundamentally changed the world in which economic agents operate....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Malting barley; Industry concentration; Free trade agreement; Industrial Organization; Q1; F1.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29168

Changing the Allocation Rules in the EU ETS: Impact on Competitiveness and Economic Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demailly,   Damien; Quirion,   Philippe.
We assess five proposals for the future of the EU greenhouse gas Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): pure grandfathering allocation of emission allowances (GF), output-based allocation (OB), auctioning (AU), auctioning with border adjustments (AU-BA), and finally output-based allocation in sectors exposed to international competition combined with auctioning in electricity generation (OB-AU). We look at the impact on production, trade, CO2 leakage and welfare. We use a partial equilibrium model of the EU 27 featuring three sectors covered by the EU ETS – cement, steel and electricity – plus the aluminium sector, which is indirectly impacted through a rise in electricity price. The leakage ratio, i.e. the increase in emissions abroad over the decrease in EU...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Allowance Allocation; Leakage; Spillover; Climate Policy; Kyoto Protocol; Border Adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46623

Characteristics and Costs of Operation of North Dakota's Farm Trucks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Griffin,   Gene C.; Wilson,   Wesley W.; Casavant,   Kenneth L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23143

CHARACTERISTICS AND EXPENDITURES OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE POTHOLES AND PRAIRIE BIRDING FESTIVAL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodur,   Nancy M.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Wolfe,   Kara L.
North Dakotans are well aware of the abundance of the state's natural resources.  Fishing and hunting are part of the culture of North Dakota, and more recently nature-based tourism has grown in popularity.  National surveys illustrate growth trends in nature tourism, soft adventure, and heritage and historical tours.  Several studies identify birders as a substantial source of economic activity in other parts of the country; these estimates, however, may not accurately reflect conditions in North Dakota.  While anecdotal evidence suggests that nature-based tourism has economic development potential in North Dakota, little research exists describing the characteristics or expenditures of visitors participating in nature-based tourism activities in North...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Birding; Nature tourism; Economic development; Wildlife viewing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23658

Characteristics and Settlement Patterns of Energy Related Operating Workers in the Northern Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieland,   James S.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Murdock,   Steven H.
This report is a continuation of research on the economic and social effects of coal development in the Northern Great Plains. The purpose of the report is to provide information on the characteristics and settlement patterns of coal mine and electric power plant operating work forces in the Northern Great Plains.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23362

CHARACTERISTICS, EXPENDITURES, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RESIDENT AND NONRESIDENT HUNTERS AND ANGLERS IN NORTH DAKOTA, 1996-97, SEASON AND TRENDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lewis,   Tina D.; Leitch,   Jay A.; Meyer,   Aaron J.
Wildlife-related recreation is an important source of economic activity in North Dakota.  Using primary, survey-based data, the expenditures and economic impacts of hunters and anglers were summarized for the 1996 hunting/fishing seasons.  Total resident and nonresident expenditures (including cost of licenses and additional nonresident expenditures not related to hunting/angling) came to $594 million.  Almost $144 million of total expenditures was spent in rural areas by nonresidents and urban residents.  Resident and nonresident hunters and anglers generated $1.6 billion in total business activity, $250 million in retail trade sales, $393 million in personal income, and supported over 21,000 jobs.  These results suggest that North Dakota's resident and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hunter; Angler; Expenditures; Impact; North Dakota; Nonresident; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23385

Characteristics, Needs, and Attitudes of Snowmobilers in North Dakota in the Eighties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leitch,   Jay A.; West,   Bruce R.; Anderson,   Randall S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23262

Characteristics of Cooperative and Noncooperative Retail Fertilizer Distribution Firms in Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hammond,   Jerome W.; Hammer,   D.; Dahl,   Dale C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8449

CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMLAND LEASING IN THE NORTH CENTRAL UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Patterson,   Brian; Hanson,   Steven D.; Robison,   Lindon J.
Leasing behavior differs across the North Central United States.  Survey data is used to characterize leasing activity in the region.  Data is collected on the amount of leased farmland, amount of cash and share leased land, and common output share levels.  Factors influencing leasing and arrangements are also identified.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11610

Characteristics of Food Expenditures in Argentina: Implications for the U.S. Dairy Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sabates,   Robert; Gould,   Brian W.
This Discussion Paper provides an analysis of the structure of Argentine dairy and non-dairy food expenditures using a series of econometric models.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Argentine Dairy Industry; Econometric Models; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37657

Characteristics of Milk Production in Minnesota, 1967-1976 and Projections
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hardie,   Wallace C.; Hammond,   Jerome W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8452

CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURE-BASED TOURISM ENTERPRISES IN NORTH DAKOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodur,   Nancy M.; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Recreational activities related to North Dakota's wealth of natural resources are well-established in North Dakota.  In recent years, North Dakota's abundant resources have attracted visitors from around the country and the world.  In addition to providing recreational activities for residents and visitors alike, natural resource-based tourism is a basic sector that may have considerable potential for creating economic opportunities in rural areas.  Recognition of the potential importance of resource-based tourism to rural economies is well-advanced in other parts of the United States.  However, little attention has historically been paid to tourism in North Dakota.  While much anecdotal evidence exists suggesting that natural resource-based tourism is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nature-based tourism; Outdoor recreation; Enterprise characteristics; Rural businesses; Economic development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23478

CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURE-BASED TOURISM ENTERPRISES IN NORTH DAKOTA -- SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodur,   Nancy M.; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Recreational activities related to North Dakota's wealth of natural resources are well-established in North Dakota.  In recent years, North Dakota's abundant resources have attracted visitors from around the country and the world.  In addition to providing recreational activities for residents and visitors alike, natural resource-based tourism is a basic sector that may have considerable potential for creating economic opportunities in rural areas.  Recognition of the potential importance of resource-based tourism to rural economies is well-advanced in other parts of the United States.  However, little attention has historically been paid to tourism in North Dakota.  While much anecdotal evidence exists suggesting that natural resource-based tourism is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nature-based tourism; Outdoor recreation; Enterprise characteristics; Rural businesses; Economic development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23570

Characteristics of New or Expanding, Export-Oriented Firms in the Upper Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Ekstrom,   Brenda L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23235

Characteristics of New or Expanding, Export-Oriented Firms in the Upper Great Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leistritz,   F. Larry; Ekstrom,   Brenda L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23247

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DECLINING U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE SURPLUS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.
The U.S. agricultural trade surplus has fallen from $26.9 billion in 1996 to $7.3 billion in 2004, and it is shrinking even further in 2005.  The objective of this paper is to examine the characteristics of the decreasing agricultural trade surplus and determine the factors causing this decline.  U.S. imports from Canada and Mexico have more than doubled under NAFTA, and imports from non-NAFTA countries have also increased considerably.  Most increases in imports are consumer-ready and horticultural products.  U.S. exports to Canada and Mexico have also been increasing steadily, but exports to other important markets have been stagnant or declining.  Much of the declining trade surplus can be accounted for by trade with the European Union.  Results from an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade balance; Free trade agreements; Consumer-oriented products; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23503

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SECTOR OF THE TUNISIAN ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hammond,   Jerome W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13985

CHARACTERISTICS OF U.S. VEAL CONSUMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henderson,   Jason R.; Foster,   Kenneth A.
In response to a steady decline in U.S. veal consumption, veal producers have responded by searching for new demand opportunities. Results from descriptive analysis and a probit model of veal consumer characteristics indicates that veal is typically consumed away from home by an older, caucasian, male professional living in a metropolitan area in the Northeast. Promotion programs targeting this demographic group may provide limited gains. Promotion strategies that target consumers in other geographic regions and demographic groups for at home consumption could potentially lead to larger gains in veal consumption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28629

Characterizing the female entrepreneur: Comparing behavior in a market entry experiment with other groups of individuals
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schade,   Christian; Boewe,   Sabrina; Krause,   Kai Oliver.
We investigate the strategic decision behavior of female entrepreneurs in a realistic market entry experiment where individuals started with gains or losses experienced prior to the game. We compare the entry behavior of female entrepreneurs to the entry behavior of male entrepreneurs and to the entry behavior of female and male students. We find that female entrepreneurs show entry patterns very similar to that of male entrepreneurs and very different from female students: female entrepreneurs on average over enter markets and do not react to their opponents’ prior experiences much. The same accounts for male entrepreneurs. Furthermore, we find that entrepreneurs in general exhibit significantly higher mean entry probabilities than students, whereby...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Female Entrepreneurship; Strategic Decision Behavior; Market Entry; Experimental Economics; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59520

Chickpea Production and Price Risk Management in the Northern Plains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brester,   Gary W.; Buschena,   David E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29193

Chickpeas (Garbanzo Beans)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   James B.; Jimmerson,   Jason.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29185

Child Care Practices Associated with Positive and Negative Nutritional Outcomes for Children in Bangladesh: A Descriptive Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kumar Range,   Shubh K.; Naved,   Ruchira Tabassum; Bhattarai,   Saroj.
Children are the most vulnerable among the malnourished population of Bangladesh. Child and maternal care practices are now being considered as important complements to increasing household income or targeted food interventions to address child growth needs. In Bangladesh, as elsewhere, many children, even in poor households, do well nutritionally, whereas others do not. This study attempts to identify characteristics of the existing child and the maternal care environment that could be used as a basis for designing policies and programs to improve the nutritional status of children. For the present study, all children between 6-18 months of age were selected from a nutrition survey of a cross section of 741 households conducted by the IFPRI Bangladesh...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health; Child Care; Human Growth; Children; Nutritional Status; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97297

Child Development: Vulnerability and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engle,   Patrice L.; Castle,   Sarah; Menon,   Purnima.
Many of the challenges facing children now are a function of the changing times, including increases in urbanization, political violence, changing family forms, and, in some areas, decreased supplies of adequate food. This paper reviews the evolving nature of these risks. In addition, the paper analyzes the development of formal and informal strategies to ameliorate the vulnerability and promote the resilience of young children to these risks. The paper identifies four stages in the research process regarding risks for children: (1) identification of the risk; (2) clarification of etiology and consequences; (3) recognition of resilience among some individuals; and (4) definition of factors in resilience and implications for intervention.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Supply; Urbanization; Child Development; Health Services; Welfare Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97309

CHILD HEALTH CARE DEMAND IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: UNCONDITIONAL ESTIMATES FROM THE PHILIPPINES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   Kelly K.
This study examines how quality, price, and access to curative health care influence use of modern public, modern private, and traditional providers among 3,000 children age 0-2 years in Cebu, Philippines. The analysis relies on a series of household, community, and health facility surveys conducted in 33 rural and urban communities during 1983B1986. The inclusion of data on potential health care users and available providers makes it possible to investigate the impact of the health care environment on demand. Furthermore, since the study is not limited to only those children whose mothers report them as currently ill, it avoids the possible biases caused by using a sample comprised of those who self-report morbidity. Distance to care is important for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94848

Child Labor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Udry,   Christopher R.
Child labor exists because it is the best response people can find in intolerable circumstances. Poverty and child labor are mutually reinforcing: because their parents are poor, children must work and not attend school, and then grow up poor. Child labor has two important special features. First, when financial markets are imperfect, the separation in time between the immediate benefits and long-delayed costs of sending children to work lead to too much child labor. Second, the costs and benefits of child labor are borne by different people. Targeted subsidies for school attendance are very effective in reducing child labor because they successfully address both of these problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child labor; Human capital; Household economics; Labor and Human Capital; J24; O15.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28393

CHILD LABOR AND SCHOOL DECISIONS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS: CROSS COUNTRY EVIDENCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ersado,   Lire.
Child labor is widespread in developing countries, but its causes are debatable. Poverty is considered the primary reason, but many theoretical and empirical analyses show that other factors, such as lack of access to credit, poor school quality, and labor market opportunities play equal or even greater roles in the decision to have children work. This study surveys the existing literature and, taking into account urban-rural divides, aims to shed light on the debate with empirical evidence from Nepal, Peru, and Zimbabwe. We find that while poverty drives child work and schooling in rural areas, it does not appear to significantly influence such decisions in urban areas. This suggests that policies such as trade sanctions or a ban on child labor in rural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16392

Child Labor and Schooling Responses to Production and Health Shocks in Northern Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dillon,   Andrew.
This paper investigates children’s time allocation to schooling, home production, and market production using a unique data set collected from northern Mali. Production shocks from harvest period pest infestations induce households to withdraw children from school and increase the probability that they are selected into farm work. Health shocks to women increases the probability that a child participates in the family business and childcare activities. These results are robust to varying assumptions about the structure of unobserved heterogeneity at the household and village levels. Different measures of household assets are also constructed to test whether assets serve as a buffer against increased child labor in response to shocks. Assets such as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Child labor; Production shocks; Health shocks; Labor substitution effects; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42806

Child Labour and Its Impact on Children's Access To and Participation in Primary Education: A Case Study from Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dachi,   Hillary A.; Garrett,   R.M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12848

CHILD LABOUR, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Orazem,   Peter F.; Gunnarsson,   Louise Victoria.
This paper reviews the issues surrounding the derivation of estimates of the impact of child labor on school outcomes.  The paper aims to review the current state of methodological and empirical knowledge concerning the impact of child labor on learning, to review existing data sets that could be used to address the issues, and to highlight areas where current research is lacking.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18213

CHILDCARE AND WORK: JOINT DECISIONS AMONG WOMEN IN POOR NEIGHBORHOODS OF GUATEMALA CITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   Kelly K.; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.; Ruel,   Marie T.; de la Briere,   Benedicte.
This study investigates the effects of childcare on work and earnings of mothers in poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City. Recognizing that mother’s work status may depend on the availability of childcare, decisions to participate in the labor force and to use formal day care are modeled to allow for the possibility that they may be jointly determined. We then explore the impact of childcare prices on mother’s earnings, conditional on her decision to work. Also explored is whether a mother’s “status” within her household (as measured by the value of the assets she brought to her marriage) influences her entry into the labor force. The study uses a survey of 1,363 randomly selected mothers (working and nonworking) with preschool children collected in 1999 by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16421

CHILE'S WHEAT TRADE ENVIRONMENT: THE ECONOMICS OF PRICE BANDS, IMPORT TARIFFS AND POLICY TRANSPARENCY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Vincent H.; Goodwin,   Barry K.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat trade; Chile; Price bands; GATT; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F1; Q1.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29251

CHINA AND THE FUTURE GLOBAL FOOD SITUATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16359

China: Export Market Prospects and Alberta's Agriculture Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davie,   Cheryl; Veeman,   Michele M.
The emergence of China as one of the world's largest potential markets has become the focus of increasing attention for economists, marketers and politicians. Reflecting anticipations of China's expected role as the world's future largest market for food, this paper focuses on identification of opportunities and constraints to Alberta's expansion of agricultural-based exports to China. The analysis is based on: collection and assessment of data relating to China's importation of these agri-food products during the five year period from 2001 to 2005; analysis based on export values and market shares of Alberta and major competitors; overviews of some relevant literature; and insights from interviews with a small number of selected knowledgeable North...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7707

China in the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China, from its own perspective cannot afford to, and from an international perspective, is not allowed to continue on the conventional path of encouraging economic growth at the expense of the environment. The country needs to transform its economy to effectively address concern about a range of environmental problems from burning fossil fuels and steeply rising oil import and international pressure to exhibit greater ambition in fighting global climate change. This paper first discusses China’s own efforts towards energy saving and pollutants cutting, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism, and puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective. Given that transition to a low carbon...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; Nuclear Power; Power Generation; Oil and Gas; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; China; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91009

China's Accession to the WTO: What Is at Stake for Agricultural Markets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Frank H.; Beghin,   John C.; de Cara,   Stephane; Fabiosa,   Jacinto F.; Fang,   Cheng; Matthey,   Holger.
We analyze the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on major crop and livestock markets using the FAPRI modeling framework. We incorporate expected changes in consumer income, textile production, and trade policies as exogenous shocks to the baseline model. Following accession, revenues decline in China's livestock, grain, and oilseed industries, while cotton production prospers despite increased cotton imports. Chinese consumers benefit from lower food prices, with vegetable oil, dairy, and meat consumption increasing significantly. Argentina, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, and the United States are the greatest beneficiaries from expanded agricultural trade with China.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Accession; Agricultural trade; China; Policy analysis; Simulation models; Trade liberalization; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18522

CHINA'S ACCESSION TO WTO AND SHIFTS IN THE AGRICULTURE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Rozelle,   Scott.
The overall goal of our paper is to explore this question of how China’'s policy will likely respond as the nation enters the WTO.  Specifically, we will have three objectives.  First, we briefly review China'’s existing agriculture policy and past performance of China’'s agriculture and how it has changed during the past 20 years of reform.  Next, we examine the main features of the agreement that China must adhere to as they enter WTO.  Finally, we consider a number of possible ways that policy makers may respond, primarily focusing on the national government's viewpoint.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11972

China's Capital and Productivity Measurement Using Financial Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Kui-Wai.
This paper constructs China’'s capital stock, which is used in conjunction with a labor variable to estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function for the Chinese economy. Two panels of data are used – one for capital formation and one for sources of investment finance. Both national and provincial data are used for these two panels, thus giving a total of four capital-stock series. The Cobb-Douglas estimates show that China’'s total factor productivity was about 3.4 percent in the post-reform years. Productivity of coastal provinces is higher than inner provinces. Among the various sources of investment finance, foreign direct investment is more efficient than state-funded capital stock.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China economic reform; Provincial growth and productivity; Financial resources; Financial Economics; O47.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28469

CHINA'S COTTON POLICY AND THE IMPACT OF CHINA'S WTO ACCESSION AND BT COTTON ADOPTION ON THE CHINESE AND U.S. COTTON SECTORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fang,   Cheng; Babcock,   Bruce A.
In this paper we provide an analysis of China's cotton policy and develop a framework to quantify the impact of both China's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession and Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton adoption on Chinese and U.S. cotton sectors. We use a Chinese cotton sector model consisting of supply, demand, price linkages, and textiles output equations. A two-stage framework model provides gross cropping area and total area for cotton and major substitute crops from nine cotton-producing regions in China. Cotton demand, total fiber demand, and cotton share are estimated for each end user. The estimated parameters from the Chinese model are then used with the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI) modeling system to simulate various...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Bt technology; China and cotton policy; U.S. cotton exports; World Trade Organization; WTO accession; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18556

CHINA'S DAIRY MARKET: CONSUMER DEMAND SURVEY AND SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuller,   Frank H.; Beghin,   John C.; Hu,   Dinghuan; Rozelle,   Scott.
This report documents data and other information gathered from a survey of urban households in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China. The survey was conducted as part of a research project aimed at understanding the evolution of dairy markets in Asia and the implications for dairy product trade. The survey data provide insights into the purchasing behavior and attitudes of urban consumers in China with respect to dairy products. The report describes the survey and collection process, summarizes selected data from the survey, and provides anecdotal information about the development of dairy production, processing, and product marketing in China.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Dairy products; Demand; Production; Supply chain; Survey data; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18680

China's Economic Performance and Transition in Relation to Globalisation: From Isolation to Centre-Stage?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper considers China’s global economic situation in relation to the general process of globalisation.  After discussing the general process of economic globalisation, it examines political change and transition of the former communist planned economies, especially China’s, and their impact on globalisation.  Then it provides measures of the recent expansion of economic globalisation and China’s involvement in this process.  Positive and negative socioeconomic impacts of globalisation are highlighted.  China’s progress in catching up with more developed economies and the dynamics of its economic growth and future prospects for this growth are examined in a global context.  The question is posed of whether globalisation is likely to result in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Globalisation; China; Global environmental impacts; Natural resources; China's economic growth.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90544

China’s Electricity Market Reform and Power Plants Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Chunbo; Zhao,   Xiaoli; Ma,   Qian; Zhao,   Yue.
In the past three decades, Chinese electricity industry has experienced a series of regulatory reforms serving different purposes at different stages. In 2002, the former vertically integrated electricity utility - the State Power Corporation (SPC) – was divested and the generation sector was separated from the transmission and distribution networks in an effort to improve production efficiency. In this paper we study the impact of the reform on efficiency of fossil-fired power plants using plant-level data during 2000-2008. Our results from the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and panel regressions show that: 1) the total factor productivity (TFP) growth mainly comes from technological change; 2) the technical efficiency of previously SPC-managed power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; DEA; Malmquist Index; China; Electricity; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D24; L11; L51; L94; L98.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117811

China's Environmental Problems with Particular Attention to its Energy Supply and Air Quality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Pollution; Natural resource conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53634

China's Growth Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Headey,   Derek D.; Kanbur,   Ravi; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51156

China's Income Distribution over Time: Reasons for Rising Inequality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wu,   Ximing; Perloff,   Jeffrey M.
We use a new method to estimate China's income distributions using publicly available interval summary statistics from China's largest national household survey. We examine rural, urban, and overall income distributions for each year from 1985-2001. By estimating the entire distributions, we can show how the distributions change directly as well as examine trends in traditional welfare indices such as the Gini. We find that inequality has increased substantially in both rural and urban areas. Using an inter-temporal decomposition of aggregate inequality, we determine that increases in inequality within the rural and urban sectors and the growing gap in rural and urban incomes have been equally responsible for the growth in overall inequality over the last...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; O15; O18; O53.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25036

Chinas langer Marsch zur Umweltrevolution: Umweltprobleme und Umweltpolitik der Chinesischen Volksrepublik
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bohnet,   Michael.
Environmental politics, China
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48192

China's New Regional Trade Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Whalley,   John; Antkiewicz,   Agata.
This paper discusses the recent regional trade agreements that China has concluded rapidly following accession to the WTO in 2002. Agreements are in place with Hong Kong, Macao, ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, and are either in negotiation or under discussion with South Africa, Chile, India, and the Gulf Cooperation Council. These agreements differ sharply in form and substance, and involve process commitments to ongoing negotiation and cooperation on a wide range of issues. Differences relating to the regional agreements negotiated by the EU and the US are emphasized, as are later potential difficulties these agreements create in moving to an Asian trade bloc centred on them.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24155

China's Reformed Science and Technology System: An Overview and Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gao,   Zhicun; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Starting from the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, this article provides background on China’s science and technology (S&amp;T) system and the perceived growing urgency of reforming it in order to support continuing economic growth in China.  The need for reform became even more pressing once China commenced its market-oriented economic reforms in 1979.  Comparative data are provided on China’s S&amp;T sector, the processes of reforming China’s S&amp;T system is outlined and discussed as well as changing patterns in the source of funds for its S &amp; T research.  China’s evolving technology market is given particular attention as well as its establishment of a patent system.  The importance of closer ties between technology...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Economic reforms; Patents; Research and development; Science and technology policy; Technology markets; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90528

China’s Regional Disparities: Experience and Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fan,   Shenggen; Kanbur,   Ravi; Zhang,   Xiaobo.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57041

CHINA'S REGULATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY - DOES IT CONFORM TO THE WTO?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loppacher,   Laura J.; Kerr,   William A.
The People's Republic of China has been working for over two decades to develop a domestic biotechnology industry. Even though China is a developing country, it is set to become a significant international player in the field of biotechnology. China's accession to the World Trade Organization in December of 2001 means that China's trade and regulatory regime should now reflect its WTO commitments. This paper outlines the development of the Chinese biotechnology industry and how it may evolve in the future. It assesses China's current approach to trade and regulation of biotechnology in relation to GATT rules on trade in goods and the TRIPS commitments pertaining to the protection of intellectual property. The conclusion is that China's trade and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; China; Intellectual property; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23938

China's Role in World Livestock and Feed-Grain Markets?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hayes,   Dermot J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18315

China's Rural and Urban Household Survey Data: Collection, Availability, and Problems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fang,   Cheng; Wailes,   Eric J.; Cramer,   Gail L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18412

China’s water pricing reforms for irrigation: effectiveness and impact
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liao,   Yongsong; Gao,   Zhanyi; Bao,   Ziyun; Huang,   Qingwen; Feng,   Guangzhi; Xu,   Di; Cai,   Jiabin; Han,   Huijing; Wu,   Weifeng.
Irrigation occupies a central position in China’s crop production. However, due to low per capita water resources, much worse, unevenly distributed over regions and time and the rapid increase of water diversions to non-irrigation sectors, irrigation water shortages have become a very serious problem. Without the adoption of effective measures this problem may even threaten China’s food security. Currently, irrigation efficiency is very low in general, irrigation water prices cannot fully recover water supply costs, and irrigation facilities are aging due to the lack of funding for O&amp;M (operation &amp; maintenance). Since water prices are regulated by the government, and not determined by the market, water prices did not work effectively in water...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water rates; Pricing; Price policy; Cost recovery; Farmers attitudes; Water rights; Water market; Water supply; User charges; Irrigation water; Water allocation; Irrigation management; Participatory management; Water conservation; Institutions; Organizations; Water users associations; Cereals; Yields; Models; Labor; Cost benefit analysis; Irrigation requirements; Investment; Groundwater management; Wells; Irrigation canals; Food security; Legal aspects; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91872

CHINA'S WTO ACCESSION: CONFLICTS WITH DOMESTIC AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Colby,   Hunter; Diao,   Xinshen; Tuan,   Francis C.
This analysis examines the implications of WTO accession for China’s domestic policies and institutions by identifying some of Chinese agricultural policies and institutional arrangements that may generate conflicts with WTO requirements and analyzing the nature and extent of the conflict that may be introduced by WTO accession. We differentiate three alternative ways that China’s current domestic policy or institutions may conflict with or be incompatible with WTO accession: (1) the domestic policy or institution is expressly prohibited by WTO rules and principles; (2) the changes required by WTO accession impose additional costs on the government such that the existing policy or institutions are difficult to sustain; and (3) the changes required for WTO...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16269

Chinese Manufacturing Performance in Comparative Perspective, 1980-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Szirmai,   Adam; Ren,   Ruoen; Bai,   Manyin.
This paper uses the detailed information in the 1995 Census of Industrial Production as a benchmark for analysing the coverage, concepts and consistency of published statistical series. On the basis of the analysis, the paper proposes a series of adjustments which result in more consistent long-run series of labour productivity for 21 manufacturing sectors from 1980-2002. For purposes of international comparisons with the USA, the paper subsequently presents industry of origin unit value ratios for the benchmark year 1995. These are used to convert Chinese value added into US dollars. In 2002, value added for the statistically well-covered sectors of Chinese manufacturing was 43 per cent of US value added, against 12 per cent in 1980. The comparative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: China; Manufacturing; Productivity growth; Catch up; Unit value ratios; International comparisons; Industrial Organization; O14; O40; O47.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28525

Chinese Synthetic Fiber Capacity and its Impacts on Natural Fiber Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meyer,   Seth D.; Meyers,   William H.
Chinese synthetic fiber capacity is more than 100 times larger than it was just 30 years ago. It represents more capacity than exists in the United States and Western Europe combined and continues to expand each year to serve the growing Chinese textile industry. Historically, the Chinese government has provided support to the synthetic fiber industry and encouraged its expansion. At the same time, petroleum consumption in China continues to expand, and China is now the second largest petroleum consumer in the world. As a byproduct of petroleum distillation, the feeder materials for synthetic fiber production are readily available in the marketplace. In the presence of inter-fiber competition, the large amount of synthetic production capacity may have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92654

CHOICE AND TEMPORAL WELFARE IMPACTS: DYNAMIC GEV DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swait,   Joffre; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; van Bueren,   Martin.
Welfare economics is often employed to measure the impact of economic policies or externalities. When demand is characterized by discrete choices, static models of consumer demand are employed for this type of analysis because of the difficulty in estimating dynamic discrete choice models. In this paper we provide a tractable approach to estimating dynamic discrete choice models of the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) family that addresses many of the problems identified in the literature and provides a rich set of parameters describing dynamic choice. We apply this model to the case of recreational fishing site choice, comparing dynamic to static versions. In natural resource damage assessment cases, static discrete choice models of recreational site...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24113

Choice Environment, Market Complexity and Consumer Behavior: A Theoretical and Empirical Approach for Incorporating Decision Complexity into Models of Consumer Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swait,   Joffre; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
Most empirical models of consumer choice assume that the decision-maker assesses all alternatives and information in a perfect information processing sense. The complexity of the choice environment, the ability of the individual to make complex decisions and the effect of choice context on the decision strategy, are generally not considered in statistical model development. One of the reasons for this omission is that theoretical literature on choice complexity and imperfect ability to choose has not been translated into empirical methods that permit such considerations in econometric analysis. In this paper we outline a theoretical model that considers task complexity, effort applied by the consumer, ability to choose, and choice. We then construct a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Choice modeling; Random utility; Choice context; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24093

CHOICE OF REGRESSION METHOD FOR DETRENDING TIME SERIES DATA WITH NONNORMAL ERRORS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swinton,   Scott M.; King,   Robert P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13954

Choice Task Complexity and Decision Strategy Selection
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swait,   Joffre; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
The psychology, the marketing consumer behavior and, to a much smaller extent, the economics literature have long reported evidence that decision makers utilize different decision strategies depending upon many factors (person-specific, task-specific, etc.). Such observations have generally failed to affect the specification of choice models in commercial practice and academic research, both of which still tend to assume an utility maximizing, full information, indefatigable decision maker. This is true whether the models deal with Stated Preference (SP - from hypothetical elicitations) or Revealed Preference (RP - from actual market decisions) choice data. This paper, which deals only with SP data, addresses the following issues: (1) does task complexity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24101

Choices under Risk in Rural Peru
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galarza,   Francisco B.
This paper estimates the risk preferences of cotton farmers in Southern Peru, using the results from a multiple-price-list lottery game. Assuming that preferences conform to two of the leading models of decision under risk. Expected Utility Theory (EUT) and Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) -- we find strong evidence of moderate risk aversion. Once we include individual characteristics in the estimation of risk parameters, we observe that farmers use subjective nonlinear probability weighting, a behavior consistent with CPT. Interestingly, when we allow for preference heterogeneity via the estimation of mixture models -- where the proportion of subjects who behave according to EUT or to CPT is endogenously determined -- we find that the majority of farmers’...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92247

Choosing an Empirical Production Function: Theory, Nonnested Hypotheses, Costs of Specifications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Harry H.
This paper considers the specification of a production function, using crop-yield response to agricultural lime as an example. The paper first reviews neoclassical production theory, observing that this theory specifies neither the form nor the arguments of a production function. Several functions that are consistent with the theory are then evaluated by goodness-of-fit tests, by nonnested-hypothesis tests, and by "costs of misspecification." Neither goodness-of-fit tests nor nonnested-hypothesis tests provide a clear choice among the candidate functions; costs of misspecification provide some choice.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Functional forms; Neoclassical production theory; Production functions; Response functions; Specification.; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31977

Choosing to Have Less Choice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salgado,   Maria.
This paper investigates choice between opportunity sets. I argue that individuals may prefer to have fewer options for two reasons: First, smaller choice sets may provide information and reduce the need for the agent to contemplate the alternatives. Second, contemplation costs may be increasing in the size of the choice set, making smaller sets more desirable even when they do not provide any information to the agent. I identify which of these reasons drives individual behavior in a laboratory experiment. I find strong support for both the information and cognitive overload arguments. The effects do not disappear as participants gain experience with the task. Applications of these results include firms’ choices of product variety, as costs increase with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12188

Chutes brutales des prix des céréales improbables en ce début de campagne de commercialisation 2007/08
Provedor de dados: 31
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cereal prices; Rapid price fall; Food security; Mali; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q11.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57059

CIMMYT 1997/98 WORLD MAIZE FACTS AND TRENDS; MAIZE PRODUCTION IN DROUGHT-STRESSED ENVIRONMENTS: TECHNICAL OPTIONS AND RESEARCH RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Edmeades,   Gregory O.
This publication, through its focus on maize production in drought stressed areas of developing countries, explores economic, research, and policy issues related to maize agriculture in marginal areas of the developing world generally. Key questions in the debate over agriculture in marginal vs. favorable production areas are reviewed with a focus on maize. Questions include whether maize production is expanding into marginal areas, if production from such areas is necessary to meet future demand, and what is the relationship between marginal production environments and poverty. Different research resource allocations (leading to technological change) are modeled to compare gains and losses to producers and consumers in marginal, favorable, and urban areas...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9369

CIMMYT 1998-99 WORLD WHEAT FACTS AND TRENDS. GLOBAL WHEAT RESEARCH IN A CHANGING WORLD: CHALLENGES AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingali,   Prabhu L.
This report has four parts. The first part focuses on the changing environment in which the international wheat research system functions in developing countries. The authors describe recent trends in developing country wheat production against projected demand for wheat. Next, they present strategies for increasing productivity in favored and less favored wheat production environments. Part 1 concludes with a discussion of how emerging trends and policies, such as intellectual property protection and market liberalization, are likely to affect the global wheat research system and exchange of germplasm. Part 2 of the report presents new information on the historical impact of the international wheat improvement system, including information on the role of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23726

CIMMYT 1999-2000 WORLD MAIZE FACTS AND TRENDS:  MEETING WORLD MAIZE NEEDS: TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND PRIORITIES FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
This report has four parts. Part 1 focuses on the role international agricultural research institutions should play in meeting the rapid growth in maize demand that is anticipated during the next 20 years. Constraints to maize production in the developing world are prioritized globally and by region, including factors such as levels of poverty and subsistence farming. Technological responses to the constraints are outlined and another prioritization exercise is conducted to determine where and in which technologies public sector research investments would make the most impact. Respective roles of the public and private sectors' maize research efforts are delineated, as are areas for collaboration. Part 2 of the report presents an overview of CIMMYT's...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23727

CIMMYT 2000-2001 WORLD WHEAT OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK: DEVELOPING NO-TILL PACKAGES FOR SMALL-SCALE FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Part 1 of this report (which is a continuation of CIMMYT's World Wheat Facts and Trends series under a new name) explores issues related to the development and adoption of no-till technology, especially in small-scale agriculture. It describes no-till's special features, the innovation systems through which the technology evolves, a new framework for the socioeconomic study of the development and adoption of no-till, and the methodological difficulties involved in measuring no-till's benefits and adoption. This information provides the context for a series of six case studies of no-till experiences among small-scale farmers in Latin America, Africa, and Asia (and largely in wheat cropping systems). Part 1 concludes by discussing key factors conditioning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23725

City Size Distribution and Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kopp,   Andreas.
We discuss theoretical approaches to study the relationship between the size distribution of a nation's cities and macroeconomic growth. The discussion is based on the hypothesis of the New Growth Theory that inter-personal spillovers of education and skills determine the long-run growth of the economy. Growth theory treats such externalities as being uniformly effective over national territories and completely internal to nation-state. This suggests a link to urban economics which has a long tradition of considering human capital externalities as driving forces of the growth of urban centers, with productivity increases inducing immigration. From the perspective of the urbanization literature long-run macroeconomic growth is thus determined by the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26303

Civil Economy and Civilized Economics: Essentials for Sustainable Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goodwin,   Neva R.
This essay will consider the relevance of the social sciences - especially economics - to the foundations of sustainable development. Looming environmental crises have served as a prime motivating force for reevaluating fundamental principles. In particular, the concept of sustainability, carrying with it clear requirements for values, goals and ethics, has begun to reshape economics. The broadest conception of sustainability is found if we understand sustainable development to mean Socially And Environmentally Just And Sustainable development - "SAEJAS development". Throughout the paper we will see examples of rules, or norms, that serve to organize human behavior without requiring that everything be rethought all the time. Among these may be found some...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15591

Civil Liability, Safety and Nuclear Parks: Is Concentrated Management Better?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mondello,   Gerard.
Ultra-hazardous risky activities as nuclear industry cannot be considered as “normal industries” i.e. industries without abnormal environmental and health risks. Consequently, the industrial organization of these specific sectors is of the utmost importance. This paper aims at studying this question. We focus on the associated costs of prevention and civil liability. We analyze how civil liability rules may contribute to extend or to discourage the expansion of nuclear parks to new operators. The paper compares the consequences of extending the management of nuclear stations to several independent operators. This question can apply to the unification process of the European electricity market in which several public and private nuclear power operators are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Strict Liability; Electric Energy; Nuclear Plants; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q5; Q58; Q53; K23; L13; L52; L94.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102571

Class III-A: What, How and Why
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jesse,   Edward V.; Cropp,   Robert A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12710

Classifying, Measuring and Analyzing WTO Domestic Support in Agriculture: Some Conceptual Distinctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brink,   Lars.
Much confusion permeates discussions of the domestic support provisions of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture and in the ongoing Doha negotiations. The paper clarifies some conceptual distinctions with a view to dispelling some confusion, enhancing communication, and facilitating the representation of domestic support provisions in economic analysis. It distinguishes between classification of policy measures and measurement of support, between measures and support, among measures classified in various categories, between applied support and commitments, and between applied support that counts towards commitments and applied support that does not. It highlights certain issues, including the role of criteria in classifying policy measures (such as those...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Agriculture; Domestic support; Doha; AMS; De minimis; Commitments; Rules.; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14581

Classifying, Measuring and Analyzing WTO Domestic Support in Agriculture: Some Conceptual Distinctions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brink,   Lars.
Much confusion permeates discussions of the domestic support provisions of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture and in the ongoing Doha negotiations. The paper clarifies some conceptual distinctions with a view to dispelling some confusion, enhancing communication, and facilitating the representation of domestic support provisions in economic analysis. It distinguishes between classification of policy measures and measurement of support, between measures and support, among measures classified in various categories, between applied support and commitments, and between applied support that counts towards commitments and applied support that does not. It highlights certain issues, including the role of criteria in classifying policy measures (such as those...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: WTO; Agriculture; Domestic support; Doha; AMS; De minimis; Commitments; Rules; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7337

Clean or “Dirty” Energy: Evidence on a Renewable Energy Resource Curse
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gennaioli,   Caterina; Tavoni,   Massimo.
The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the potential for resource curse in the renewable energy sector. Taking a political economy approach, we analyze the link between public support schemes for renewable energy and the potential scope for rent seeking and corruption. The insights of a model of political influence by interest groups are tested empirically using a panel data of Italian provinces for the period 1990-2007. We find evidence that a curse exists in the case of wind energy, and specifically that: i) criminal association activity increased more in high-wind provinces and especially after the introduction of a more favourable public policy regime and, ii) the expansion of the wind energy sector has been driven by both the wind level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Natural Resources Curse; Wind Energy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D73; O13; P16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115846

Clean Technological Change in Developing-Country Industrial Clusters: Mexican Leather Tanning
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Kildegaard,   Arne.
In many developing country cities, clusters of small and medium enterprises create severe pollution problems. Because conventional regulatory approaches are typically ineffective in such situations, policy responses have increasingly focused on promoting voluntary clean technological change. Yet the data and analysis needed to guide such efforts are scarce. This paper uses original firm-level survey data on a cluster of small- and medium-scale leather tanneries in Leon, Guanajuato -Mexico's leather capital-to econometrically identify the factors that drive the adoption of two clean tanning technologies. Using a multivariate probit model to estimate a system of seemingly unrelated regressions, we find-in contrast to conventional wisdom-that neither firm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean technology; Developing country; Small and medium enterprises; Mexico; Multivariate probit; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10545

Cleaning Up the Nuclear Weapons Complex: Exploring New Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Probst,   Katherine N.; Pilling,   Carolyn A.; Dunn,   Karen T.
In recent years, policy experts have increasingly decried the "piecemeal" approach to environmental protection embodied in existing laws and regulations. This paper analyzes one aspect of the call for more integration: the feasibility and advisability of developing an integrated approach to regulating the cleanup of the nation's nuclear weapons complex. The Cold War has left an unprecedented set of difficulties at sites across the country where vast quantities of hazardous and radioactive materials must be properly managed. Regulatory fragmentation--particularly the phenomenon of multiple regulators and regulations driving the allocation of resources in an uncoordinated fashion--is nowhere more evident than in the current statutory and regulatory framework...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nuclear weapons complex; Integration; Environmental law; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; H56; K32; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10765

CLIMATE AND SCALE IN ECONOMIC GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Masters,   William A.; McMillan,   Margaret S.
This paper introduces new data on climatic conditions to empirical tests of growth theories.  We find that, since 1960, temperate countries have converged towards high levels of income while tropical nations have converged towards various income levels associated with economic scale and the extent of the market.  These results hold for a wide range of tests.  A plausible explanation is that temperate regions' growth was assisted by their climate, perhaps historically for their transition out of agriculture into sectors whose productivity converges across countries, while tropical countries' growth is relatively more dependent on gains from specialization and trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11845

Climate Change Adaptation, Development, and International Financial Support: Lessons from EU Pre-Accession and Solidarity Funds
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Przyluski,   Valentin; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
Funding adaptation requires adequate governance and there are different ways to organise and channel the funds to where it is most efficient and most necessary. This paper investigates this issue and studies the practical implementation of a development under conditionality, namely adaptation-development, and its requirement in terms of financing architecture. To contribute to this research, it looks at similar problems that have been met in the past, namely the European funding programs for Eastern Europe countries that were candidates to adhesion, and European internal structural and cohesion funds. These funding examples provide a pertinent analogy for the adaptation problem, and most issues in adaptation finance have also been met in these funds...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Climate Change Adaptation; Foreign Aid; European Union; Pre-acccession and Solidarity Funds; Environmental Economics and Policy; E61; F35; O19; O2; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98095

CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURE, AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Murgai,   Rinku; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain.
The impact of global climate change on the less developed countries is analyzed using archetype CGE-multimarket models for three economies representing the poor cereal importing nations of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.  The objective is to predict the differential impact of climate change across continents on macroeconomic variables, sectoral responses, and household income and food consumption effects, particularly among the poorest.  Results show that all these countries will lose and that their agricultural outputs will fall, but that Africa will be by far the most severely affected.  Countervailing policies to mitigate negative effects should focus on the production of food crops in Africa and of export crops in Latin America and Asia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25079

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A SPATIAL SAMPLE SELECTION MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Patrick S.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Flores-Lagunes,   Alfonso.
Using data at a high spatial resolution, we estimate a cereal yield response function conditional upon climatological and topographical features using a recently developed estimator for spatial process models when sample selection is of concern. We control for localized spatial correlation in unobserved disturbances affecting both the selection to plant cereals as well as in the resulting conditional yield response. We find that cereal yields across Sub-Saharan Africa will decline with increasing temperatures resulting from global climate change, and that failing to control for sample selection leads to underestimation of these adverse effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Climate change; Spatial econometrics; Sample selection; Generalized method of moments; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C31; Q18; C50.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116182

Climate Change and Extreme Events: An Assessment of Economic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calzadilla,   Alvaro; Pauli,   Francesco; Roson,   Roberto.
We use a general equilibrium model of the world economy, and a regional economic growth model, to assess the economic implications of vulnerability from extreme meteorological events, induced by the climate change. In particular, we first consider the impact of climate change on ENSO and NAO oceanic oscillations and, subsequently, the implied variation on regional expected damages. We found that expected damages from extreme events are increasing in the United States, Europe and Russia,  and Russia, and decreasing in energy exporting countries. Two economic implications are taken into account: (1) short-term impacts, due to changes in the demand structure, generated by higher/lower precautionary saving, and (2) variations  in regional economic growth...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12055

Climate Change and Forest Ecosystem Sinks: Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18152

Climate Change and Forest Sinks: Factors Affecting the Costs of Carbon Sequestration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newell,   Richard G.; Stavins,   Robert N.
The possibility of encouraging the growth of forests as a means of sequestering carbon dioxide has received considerable attention because of concerns about the threat of global climate change due to the greenhouse effect. In fact, this approach is an explicit element of both U.S. and international climate policies, partly because of evidence that growing trees to sequester carbon can be a relatively inexpensive means of combating climate change. But how sensitive are such estimates to specific conditions? We examine the sensitivity of carbon sequestration costs to changes in critical factors, including the nature of the management and deforestation regimes, silvicultural species, agricultural prices, and discount rates. We find, somewhat...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10559

CLIMATE CHANGE AND GRAIN PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES: COMPARING AGRO-CLIMATIC AND ECONOMIC EFFECTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Li,   Zhuang; Mount,   Timothy D.; Kaiser,   Harry M.
The analysis is based on an integrated climatic, agronomic and economic model of grain production in the midwestern region of the U.S. The model represents a typical farm and the objective is to select an optimum combination of cultivars for four crops (maize, soybean, wheat and sorghum) conditionally on climate, soil characteristics and the prices of the four crops. The first part of the analysis uses a complete two-way factorial design to estimate the effects of five climatic and agronomic variables and the four prices on yields, total production and net return. With this design, variability can be allocated uniquely to individual explanatory variables. As expected, prices have little effect on yields. For total production and net return, temperature and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6846

Climate Change and the Stability of Water Allocation Agreements
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ansink,   Erik; Ruijs,   Arjan.
We analyse agreements on river water allocation between riparian countries. Besides being efficient, water allocation agreements need to be stable in order to be effective in increasing the efficiency of water use. In this paper, we assess the stability of water allocation agreements, using a game theoretic model. We consider the effects of climate change and the choice of a sharing rule on stability. Our results show that both a decrease in mean river flow and an increase in the variance of river flow decrease the stability of an agreement. An agreement where the downstream country is allocated a fixed amount of water has the lowest stability compared to other sharing rules.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10272

Climate Change and Tourism in Tuscany, Italy. What if heat becomes unbearable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Mattia; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ferrise,   Roberto; Moriondo,   Marco; Bindi,   Marco.
This paper investigates the empirical magnitude of climate conditions on tourist flows in Tuscany, exploring the use of a fine spatial scale analysis. In fact, we explore the use of an 8-year panel dataset of Tuscany’s 254 municipalities, examining how tourist inflows respond to variation in local weather conditions. In particular, as the area enjoys a fairly mild Mediterranean climate, our analysis focused on temperature extremes at key times of the tourist season, i.e., on maximum summer temperature and minimum winter temperature. Separate analyses are conducted for domestic and international tourists, so as to test the differences in the preferences among these distinct groups (or types of demand). Estimation results show the impact of climate change on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Domestic Tourists; International Tourists; Municipalities; Maximum And Minimum Daily Temperature; Dynamic Model; Temperature Demand Elasticity; GMM; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; D01; L83.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115851

Climate Change Assessment and Agriculture in General Equilibrium Models: Alternative Modeling Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Roson,   Roberto.
Agricultural sectors play a key role in the economics of climate change. Land as an input to agricultural production is one of the most important links between economy and the biosphere, representing a direct projection of human action on the natural environment. Agricultural management practices and cropping patterns have a vast effect on biogeochemical cycles, freshwater availability and soil quality. Agriculture also plays an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. Thus, to consistently investigate climate policy and future pathways for the economic and natural environment, a realistic representation of agricultural land-use is essential. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have increasingly been used to this purpose. CGE models...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Partial Equilibrium (PE); Agriculture; Land Use; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; Q24; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54284

Climate Change Catastrophes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.
Most studies that compare price and quantity controls for greenhouse gas emissions under uncertainty find that price mechanisms perform substantially better. In these studies, the benefits from reducing emissions are proportional to the level of reductions, and such linear benefits strongly favor price policies (Weitzman 1974). Catastrophic damages, however, challenge that intuition as consequences become highly nonlinear. Catastrophe avoidance offers huge benefits, and incremental adjustments on either side of the associated threshold are relatively unimportant, suggesting a strong preference for quantity controls. This paper shows that with catastrophic damages, both price and quantity mechanisms offer large gains over the business-as-usual alternative,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; Prices versus quantities; Stock externalities; Integrated assessment; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D81; C68.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10499

Climate Change, Energy Demand and Market Power in a General Equilibrium Model of the World Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roson,   Roberto; Bosello,   Francesco; De Cian,   Enrica.
Future energy demand will be affected by changes in prices and income, but also by other factors, like temperature levels. This paper draws upon an econometric study, disentangling the contribution of temperature in the determination of the annual regional demand for energy goods. Combining estimates of temperature elasticities with scenarios of future climate change, it is possible to assess variations in energy demand induced (directly) by the global warming. We use this information to simulate a change in the demand structure of households in a CGE model of the world economy, in a set of assessment exercises. The changing demand structure triggers a structural adjustment process, influencing trade flows, regional competitiveness of industries and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Energy; Computable General Equilibrium Models; Imperfect Competition; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D58; F12; Q43; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9095

Climate Change Feedback on Economic Growth: Explorations with a Dynamic General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Roson,   Roberto.
Human-generated greenhouse gases depend on the level of economic activity. Therefore, most climate change studies are based on models and scenarios of economic growth. Economic growth itself, however, is likely to be affected by climate change impacts. These impacts affect the economy in multiple and complex ways: changes in productivity, resource endowments, production and consumption patterns. We use a new dynamic, multi-regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the world economy to answer the following questions: Will climate change impacts significantly affect growth and wealth distribution in the world? Should forecasts of human-induced greenhouse gases emissions be revised, once climate change impacts are taken into account? We found...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52339

Climate change impacts and adaptation in Nepal.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bartlett,   Ryan; Bharati,   Luna; Pant,   Dhruba; Hosterman,   Heather; McCornick,   Peter G.
The impact of climate change (CC) on water resources is likely to affect agricultural systems and food security. This is especially true for Nepal, a least developed country, where a high percentage of the population is dependent on agriculture for its livelihoods. It is thus crucial for Nepal’s leaders and resource managers to draft and begin implementing national adaptation plans. This working paper aims to create a more comprehensive understanding of how the impacts of CC will be realized at different scales in Nepal, from household livelihoods to national food security, and the many institutions governing the ultimate adaptation process.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Impact assessment; Adaptation; National planning; Institutions; Water resource management; Social aspects; Political aspects; River basins; Runoff; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108670

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies In Italy. An Economic Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carraro,   Carlo; Sgobbi,   Alessandra.
In this paper, the economic value of the impacts of climate change is assessed for different Italian economic sectors and regions. Sectoral and regional impacts are then aggregated to provide a macroeconomic estimate of variations in GDP induced by climate change in the next decades. Autonomous adaptation induced by changes in relative prices and in stocks of natural and economic resources is fully taken into account. The model also considers international trade effects. Results show that in Italy aggregate GDP losses induced by climate change are likely to be small. However, some economic sectors (e.g. tourism) and the alpine regions will suffer significant economic damages.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Impacts; Climate Change; Adaptation; GDP Losses; Tourism; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q43; Q5; R13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6373

Climate Change Impacts on Waterfowl Habitat in Western Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107094

Climate Change Meets Trade in Promoting Green Growth: Potential Conflicts and Synergies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
To date, border adjustment measures in the form of emissions allowance requirements (EAR) under the U.S. proposed cap-and-trade regime are the most concrete unilateral trade measure put forward to level the carbon playing field. If improperly implemented, such measures could disturb the world trade order and trigger a trade war. Because of these potentially far-reaching impacts, this paper focuses on this type of unilateral border adjustment, which requires importers to acquire and surrender emissions allowances corresponding to the embedded carbon contents in their goods from countries that have not taken climate actions comparable to that of home country. This discussion is mainly on the legality of unilateral EAR under the WTO rules. Given that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Post-2012 climate negotiations; Border carbon adjustments; Carbon tariffs; Emissions allowance requirements; Cap-and-trade regime; Lieberman-Warner bill; Waxman-Markey bill; World Trade Organization; Kyoto Protocol; Developing countries; United States; Environmental Economics and Policy; F18; Q48; Q54; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59475

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies in Fast-Growing Countries:  The Benefits of Early Action
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Tavoni,   Massimo; Carraro,   Carlo.
This paper builds on the assumption that OECD countries are (or will soon be) taking actions to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. These actions, however, will not be sufficient to control global warming, unless developing countries also get involved in the cooperative effort to reduce GHG emissions. This paper investigates the best short-term strategies that emerging economies can adopt in reacting to OECD countries’ mitigation effort, given the common long-term goal to prevent excessive warming without hampering economic growth. Results indicate that developing countries would incur substantial economic losses by following a myopic strategy that disregards climate in the short-run, and that their optimal investment behaviour is to anticipate the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy-economy Modeling; Climate Policy; Developing Countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q55; Q43.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52541

Climate Change: National and Local Policy Opportunities in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teng,   Fei; Gu,   Alun.
Climate Change poses a wide range of potentially very severe threats in China. This aggravates the existing vulnerability of China and is one of the big challenges faced by the Chinese government. Adaptation programmes and projects are being developed and implemented at national and local level. As China is engaged in heavy investment in infrastructure development as a consequence of the rapid process of development and urbanization, mainstreaming adaptation into such development process is a priority for China. China has also made positive contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through participations in the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol framework. Although mitigation is not a priority at national or local level, it has been integrated into...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Local Policy; National Policy; Mitigation; Local Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H7; Q54; Q56; O53.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9091

CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES AND ENERGY USE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, CENTRAL EUROPE AND THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drennen,   Thomas E.; Chapman,   Duane.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11912

Climate Change Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shogren,   Jason F.; Toman,   Michael.
Having risen from relative obscurity as few as ten years ago, climate change now looms large among environmental policy issues. Its scope is global; the potential environmental and economic impacts are ubiquitous; the potential restrictions on human choices touch the most basic goals of people in all nations; and the sheer scope of the potential response - a significant shift away from using fossil fuels as the primary energy source in the modern economy -is daunting. In this paper, we explore the economics of climate change policy. We examine the risks that climate change poses for society, the benefits of protection against the effects of climate change, and the costs of alternative protection policies. We organize our discussion around three broad...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Incentive-based policy; International environmental cooperation; Benefit-cost analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10767

Climate change policy in a growing economy under catastrophic risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Under risk of catastrophic climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnifed by economic growth. In particular, it implies that green- house gases (GHG) emission should gradually be brought to a halt. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. We find that the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of feasible emissions. We derive the Pigouvian hazard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Environmental catastrophes; Economic growth; Emission policy; Hazard rate; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7132

Climate change risk and response
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kahrl,   Fredrich; Roland-Holst,   David W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy; Sustainability; Climate change; Risk; Economic conditions; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46721

CLIMATE CHANGE SENSITIVITY ASSESSMENT ON UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN STREAMFLOWS USING SWAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jha,   Manoj K.; Arnold,   Jeffrey G.; Gassman,   Philip W.; Gu,   Roy.
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to assess the impacts of potential future climate change on the hydrology of the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB). Calibration and validation of SWAT were performed on a monthly basis for 1968-87 and 1988-97, respectively; R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (E) values computed for the monthly comparisons were 0.74 and 0.65 for the calibration period and 0.81 and 0.75 for the validation period. The impacts of eight 20-year (1971-90) scenarios were then analyzed, relative to a scenario baseline. A doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations was predicted to result in an average annual flow increase of 35 percent. An average annual flow decrease of 15 percent was estimated for a constant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Flow; Hydrology; Simulation; Spatial patterns; Watershed; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18419

Climate Coalitions: A Theoretical and Computational Appraisal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bréchet,   Thierry; Gerard,   Francois; Tulkens,   Henry.
Using an updated version of the CWS model (introduced by Eyckmans and Tulkens in Resource and Energy Economics 2003), this paper intends to evaluate with numbers the respective merits of two competing notions of coalition stability in the standard global public goods model as customarily applied to the climate change problem. After a reminder of the model structure and of the definition of the two game theoretical stability notions involved – namely, core stability and internal-external stability, the former property is shown to hold for the grand coalition in the CWS model only if resource transfers of a specific form between countries are introduced. It is further shown that while the latter property holds neither for the grand coalition nor for most...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10270

Climate Policy and the Optimal Balance between Mitigation, Adaptation and Unavoided Damage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica.
It has become commonly accepted that a successful climate strategy should compound mitigation and adaptation. The accurate combination between adaptation and mitigation that can best address climate change is still an open question. This paper proposes a framework that integrates mitigation, adaptation, and climate change residual damages into an optimisation model. This set-up is used to provide some insights on the welfare maximising resource allocation between mitigation and adaptation, on their optimal timing, and on their marginal contribution to reducing vulnerability to climate change. The optimal mix between three different adaptation modes (reactive adaptation, anticipatory adaptation, and investment in innovation for adaptation purposes) within...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change Impacts; Mitigation; Adaptation; Integrated Assessment Model; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q56; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60681

Climate Policy and the Optimal Extraction of High- and Low-Carbon Fossil Fuels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van der Werf,   Edwin; Smulders,   Sjak.
We study how restricting CO2 emissions affects resource prices and depletion over time. We use a Hotelling-style model with two non-renewable fossil fuels that differ in their carbon content (e.g. coal and natural gas) and in addition are imperfect substitutes in final good production. We show that an economy facing a CO2 flow-constraint may substitute towards the relatively dirty input. As the economy tries to maximise output per unit of emissions it is not only carbon content that matters: productivity matters as well. With an announced constraint the economy first substitutes towards the less productive input such that more of the productive input is available when constrained. Preliminary empirical results suggest that it is cost-effective to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Non-Renewable Resources; Input Substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q31; Q43.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8218

Climate Policy Design under Uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.
The uncertainty surrounding both costs and benefits associated with global climate change mitigation creates enormous hurdles for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. A key issue is how policy choices balance uncertainty about costs and benefits. This balance arises in terms of the time path of mitigation efforts as well as whether those efforts, by design, focus on effort or outcome. This paper considers two choices-price versus quantity controls and absolute versus relative/intensity emissions limits-demonstrating that price controls and intensity emissions limits favor certainty about cost over climate benefits and future emissions reductions. The paper then argues that in the near term, this favoritism is desired.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Climate; Policy; Intensity; Global warming; Uncertainty; Price; Quantity; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10584

Climate Policy in the United States and Japan: A Workshop Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Tamura,   Kentaro.
Resources for the Future and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (Japan) convened a one-and-one-half day workshop on domestic and international climate policy on February 12–-13, 2004 in Washington, D.C. On the first day, 55 participants heard presentations from 14 speakers and discussed domestic activities, economics, and politics. The second day featured a smaller group of 27 participants hearing six informal sets of comments and discussing opportunities for international collaboration. Participants included government officials from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and other U.S. administration and congressional staff; representatives from business and environmental groups; and academic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; United States; Japan; Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10771

Climate Policy in the United States and Japan: Prospects in 2005 and Beyond, Workshop Summary
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.; Tamura,   Kentaro.
Resources for the Future and the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies convened a one and one-half day workshop on domestic and international climate policy May 11-12, 2005, in Tokyo, Japan. The first day included 49 participants hearing presentations from 13 speakers and discussing domestic activities, economics, and politics. The second day included a smaller group of participants listening to a panel of four experts and discussing opportunities for future international climate regimes. Participants included government officials from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment; the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; the U.S. Department of State; and the Massachusetts Department of Commonwealth...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; United States; Japan; Kyoto; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10657

CLIMATE POLICY WHEN THE DISTANT FUTURE MATTERS: CATASTROPHIC EVENTS WITH HYPERBOLIC DISCOUNTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a signifcant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7181

Climate Policy When the Distant Future Matters: Catastrophic Events with Hyperbolic Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a significant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7186

Climatic variability and cooperation in rangeland management: a case study from Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Vanderlinden,   Jean-Paul.
In this paper, we develop an empirical model of an agro-pastoral system subject to high climatic risk to test the impact of rainfall variability on livestock densities, land allocation patterns and herd mobility observed at the community level. Also, because grazing land is a common-pool resource, we determine the impact of cooperation on these decision variables. To capture different abilities of communities to manage these externalities, we construct indices comprised of factors considered to affect the costliness of achieving successful cooperation found in the collective action literature. We then test hypotheses regarding the impact of rainfall variability and cooperation using data collected in a semi-arid region of Niger. Results indicate that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rangelands; Environmental risk; Natural resource management; Pastoralism; Collective action; Cooperation; Institutions; Livestock stocking densities; Mobility; Niger; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50058

Clocks, Creation, and Clarity: Insights on Ethics and Economics from a Feminist Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nelson,   Julie A.
This essay discusses the origins, biases, and effects on contemporary discussions of economics and ethics of the unexamined use of the metaphor "an economy is a machine." The neoliberal view that the self-regulated workings of free markets should be kept free of impediments is based on this metaphor. Many of the critiques of capitalist systems are, as well. The belief that economists simply uncover universal "laws of motion" of economies, however, is shown to be based on a variety of rationalist thinking that-while widely held-is inadequate for explaining lived human experience. Feminist scholarship in philosophy of science and economics has brought to light some of the biases that have supported the mechanistic worldview. By structuring thought and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15585

Closing the Gap: A Comparison of Approaches to Encourage Early Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rolfe,   Chris; Michaelowa,   Axel; Dutschke,   Michael.
Das Kyoto-Protokoll zur UN-Klimarahmenkonvention setzt verbindliche Treibhausgasemissionsziele für Industrieländer, die allerdings erst im Zeitraum 2008-2012 gelten. Da für die Zeit bis 2008 mit einem erheblichen Emissionsanstieg zu rechnen ist, wird über Ansätze nachgedacht, schon vorher Anreize für Emissionsverringerungen zu setzen. Frühzeitige Emissionsverringerung reduziert das Risiko, klimatische Schwellenwerte zu überschreiten, die nichtlineare Veränderungen im Klimasystem auslösen. Außerdem wird der normale Investitionszyklus ausgenutzt, indem Neuinvestitionen emissionsärmer ausfallen. Dies verursacht keine oder nur geringe Kosten. Dazu bedarf es konkreter Anreize, die unterschiedlich ausfallen können. Während in Nordamerika eine freiwillige...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26049

Closing the Gender Gap in Bangladesh: Inequality in Education, Employment and Earnings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mohammad,   Hossain; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Assesses the status of women in Bangladesh by analysing the dynamics of female participation in labour force and education as well as gender earnings differentials at the macro level. The study finds evidence of growing commercialisation of women’s work in Bangladesh.  Although the bulk of the female labour force is engaged in self-employment activities in the rural area or in low-skilled textile and readymade garment industries in the urban area, women’s participation in high-skill and entrepreneurial jobs as well as various decision-making bodies is also on the rise.  While the gender wage differentials have been considerably reduced in many industries, in general women tend to be paid less than men.  There have been remarkable improvements in women’s...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Women’s empowerment; Female labour force participation; Female education; Gender wage differentials; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; J16; J21; J82.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106948

Clubes de convergência nos municipios mineiros: uma análise via modelo threshold
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; Amorim,   Airton Lopes; Coronel,   Daniel Arruda; Braga,   Marcelo Jose.
This paper is makes an analysis of the process of convergence of income between the municipalities of the Minas Gerais (Brazil) in the period of 1980 to 2005, trying to identify the existence of clubs of convergence using a model threshold. Results indicated for the formation of four clubs of convergence, among them shows a process of convergence between the all clubs. Human capital proved to be significant in explaining the process of growth of the intermediate groups of municipalities richer. The results also indicated that the physical capital was significantly negative for explaining the process of economic growth of most rich clubs of convergence, demonstrating in this way, a negative role for public investment undertaken in the districts of the region.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Income Convergence; Threshold Effect; Minas Gerais (Brazil); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R11.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114400

CO2 Allowance Allocation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and the Effect on Electricity Investors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Kahn,   Danny; Palmer,   Karen L.
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is an effort by nine Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states to develop a regional, mandatory, market-based cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electricity sector. The initiative is expected to lead to an increase in the price of electricity in the RGGI region and beyond. The implications of these changes for the value of electricity-generating assets and the market value of the firms that own them depends on the initial allocation of carbon dioxide allowances, the composition of generating assets owned by the firm, and the locations of those assets. Changes in asset values inside the RGGI region may be positive or negative, whereas changes outside of the RGGI region are almost...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation-performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Asset value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10495

CO2-Abscheidung und Ablagerung (CAA): Ordnungsrechtliche Aspekte und okonomische Implikationen im Rahmen des EU - Emissionshandels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dietrich,   Lars; Bode,   Sven.
Die Abscheidung von Kohlendioxid in großen, immobilen Industrieanlagen mit anschließender Ablagerung in geologischen Formationen gewinnt in jüngster Zeit in der Diskussion um Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Der Bau von Pilotanlagen ist inzwischen auch für Deutschland angekündigt worden. Diese neue Technik birgt dabei grundsätzlich die Gefahr von Wiederaustritten des abgeschiedenen und verpressten CO2 in die Atmosphäre. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht das vorliegende Papier ausgewählte ordnungsrechtliche Aspekte sowie ökonomische Implikationen im Rahmen des EU-Emissionshandels. Die Analyse zeigt, dass derartige Anlagen mit einer Ausnahme zur Zeit keinem dem Gefahrenpotential entsprechenden Genehmigungsverfahren...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CO2-Abscheidung; CO2-Ablagerung; Emissionshandel; CCS; CAA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q40.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26203

Coalition Formation and the Ancillary Benefits of Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Finus,   Michael; Rubbelke,   Dirk T.G.
Several studies found ancillary benefits of environmental policy to be of considerable size. These additional private benefits imply not only higher cooperative but also noncooperative abatement targets. However, beyond these largely undisputed important quantitative effects, there are qualitative and strategic implications associated with ancillary benefits: climate policy is no longer a pure but an impure public good. In this paper, we investigate these implications in a setting of non-cooperative coalition formation. In particular, we address the following questions. 1) Do ancillary benefits increase participation in international environmental agreements? 2) Do ancillary benefits raise the success of these treaties in welfare terms?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ancillary Benefits; Climate Policy; Coalition Formation; Game Theory; Impure Public Goods; C72; H87; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42902

Coalition Formation in Simple Games: The Semistrict Core
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitrov,   Dinko; Haake,   Claus-Jochen.
We consider the class of proper monotonic simple games and study coalition formation when an exogenous share vector and a solution concept are combined to guide the distribution of coalitional worth. Using a multiplicative composite solution, we induce players' preferences over coalitions in a hedonic game, and present conditions under which the semistrict core of the game is nonempty.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12175

Coalition Governments in a Model of Parliamentary Democracy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bandyopadhyay,   Siddhartha; Oak,   Mandar.
We analyze the relative importance of party ideology and rents from office in the formation of coalitions in a parliamentary democracy. In equilibrium, the types of coalitions that are formed may be minimal winning, minority or surplus and they may be ideologically `disconnected'. The coalitions that form depend upon the relative importance of rents of office and seat shares of the parties. If rents are high, governments cannot be surplus. With low rents or the formateur close to the median, minority governments occur for a wider ideological dispersion. Further, there is a non-monotonic relationship between connectedness of coalitions and rents.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12173

Coalitional Matchings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitrov,   Dinko; Lazarova,   Emiliya A.
A coalitional matching is a two-sided matching problem in which agents on each side of the market may form coalitions such as student groups and research teams who - when matched - form universities. We assume that each researcher has preferences over the research teams he would like to work in and over the student groups he would like to teach to. Correspondingly, each student has preferences over the groups of students he wants to study with and over the teams of researchers he would like to learn from. In this setup, we examine how the existence of core stable partitions on the distinct market sides, the restriction of agents’ preferences over groups to strict orderings, and the extent to which individual preferences respect common rankings shape the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coalitions; Common Rankings; Core; Stability; Totally Balanced Games; Two-Sided Matchings; C78; J41; D71.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37523

COALITIONS AND THE ORGANIZATION OF MULTIPLE-STAKEHOLDER ACTION: A CASE STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND EXTENSION IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alsop,   Ruth.
Decentralization implies an increase in the number of stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of interventions. This paper draws upon the experience of a multi-stakeholder program in India which has sought to increase the contribution of rainfed agriculture to rural household’s economic portfolios. The strategy has been one of enhancing government research and extension service provision through collaboration and coalition building between NGOs and government line departments. Evidence from the last four years demonstrates that coalitions are appropriate vehicles for managing interaction among multiple and diverse organizations. However, as fluid entities without permanent governance systems, coalitions require formalized support mechanisms...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16106

Coase and Car Repair: Who Should Be Responsible for Emissions of Vehicles in Use?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrington,   Winston; McConnell,   Virginia D.
This paper examines the current assignment of liability for in-use vehicle emissions and suggests some alternative policies that may reduce the cost and increase the effectiveness. We first discuss the cost, performance and incentives under current Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs, using the recently implemented Arizona "Enhanced I/M" program as an example. These programs were designed to identify and repair vehicles with malfunctioning emission control systems. Since their inception, however, I/M programs have been plagued by transaction costs that have drastically raised the cost of I/M as well as limited its effectiveness. These transaction costs fall into three categories: emission monitoring, repair avoidance, and non-transferability of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mobile sources; Emissions; Coase; Liability; I/M; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; R48.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10911

COASTAL ALABAMA RECREATIONAL LIVE BAIT STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wallace,   R.K.; Hanson,   Terrill R.; Hatch,   L. Upton.
Recreational fishing is major industry and reasonably priced, high quality bait plays an important role in sustaining recreational fishing's popularity. This study provides a summary of Alabama's coastal live bait market including information on previous live bait studies and results of two surveys on the live bait shrimp, bull minnow and other bait markets. Results indicated there were periods of supply shortages, dealer willingness to pay more for shrimp that live longer and a dealers' use of multiple supply sources. Lost income was reported from not having live bait shrimp available for sale at peak demand periods. The economics of shrimp mariculture needs to be examined to determine its feasibility in augmenting the current supply of shrimp to the live...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15807

Coastal Zone Management in the Mediterranean: Legal and Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Markandya,   Anil; Arnold,   S.; Cassinelli,   Mariaester; Taylor,   Tim J.
This paper examines existing measures taken to protect the coastal zones of the Mediterranean Sea and assesses their success. A summary of the main pressures facing these zones is given, followed by an analysis of the legislation covering coastal zone development in ten countries: Algeria, Croatia, Egypt, France, Israel, Italy, Malta, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. We find that not all of these states have legislation specifically covering coastal zones, but there is concern in all areas that the legislation is not working, We also look at the costs and benefits of controlling coastal development. Firstly, a literature review of valuation studies identifies a range of values placed on developed and undeveloped coastline for both users and local property...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coastal Zone Management; Legislation; Littoral; Mediterranean; Recreation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54290

Coevolution: Agricultural Practices and Sustainability: Some Major Social and Ecological Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Outlines major social and ecological issues involved in the coevolution of social and ecological systems by initially reviewing relevant aspects of the recent literature relating to economic development and their implications for agricultural development.  Coevolutionary qualitative-type models are presented.  There has been a failure amongst advocates of structural adjustment policies (involving the extension of markets and economic globalisation) to take account of coevolutionary principles and allow for historical differences in the evolution of communities and their varied circumstances.  This lack of sensitivity has had unfortunate social and ecological consequences for some communities eg  The Russian Federation and subsistence agriculturalists in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coevolution; Globalisation; Industrial/commercial agriculture; Property rights; Ecological systems; Social systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47991

Co-Evolution in Asia, Markets and Globalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Economic, social and natural environmental systems are interdependent, and economic systems cannot be assessed in isolation from an interconnected whole. Many parts of Asia face increasing market intrusion and forced changes in economic mechanisms and rights without concomitant social and technological co-evolution. Consequently, serious problems for economic, social and environmental sustainability are being experienced by local communities, especially in remote regions and in peripheral areas such as Northeast India and in hilly regions of China. Rapid Asian economic growth, extension of markets and processes of globalization are generating social tensions and magnifying stresses on natural environments. Many subsistence and semi-subsistence communities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54345

Co-financing Implications for Regional Policy-Making: A Case Study for the Agri-environmental Programme in Saxony-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kirschke,   Dieter; Hager,   Astrid; Jechlitschka,   Kurt; Wegener,   Stefan.
Financing agri-environmental programmes in the European Union (EU) takes place in a multi-level system with mixed co-financing and shared financial responsibilities. In this paper we analyse how co-financing influences policy-making in regions taking the case of the agri-environmental programme in Saxony-Anhalt. Using an interactive linear programming approach the implications of several co-financing scenarios are analysed. EU co-financing certainly enhances the financial volume for the agri-environmental programme in Saxony-Anhalt; but as regional policy-making is distorted by the scheme of mixed co-financing as compared to unconditional financial transfers, the priorities for measures vary depending on different EU co-financing scenarios.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programmes; Co-financing; Federalism; Interactive programming; Policy-making; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18814

Cognitive Dissonance as a Means of Reducing Hypothetical Bias
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alfnes,   Frode; Yue,   Chengyan; Jensen,   Helen H.
Hypothetical bias is a persistent problem in stated preference studies. We propose and test a method for reducing hypothetical bias based on the cognitive dissonance literature in social psychology. A central element of this literature is that people prefer not to take inconsistent stands and will change their attitudes and behavior to make them consistent. We find that participants in a stated preference willingness-to-pay study, when told that a nonhypothetical study of similar goods would follow, state significantly lower willingness to pay than participants not so informed. In other words, participants adjust their stated willingness to pay to avoid cognitive dissonance from taking inconsistent stands on their willingness to pay for the good being...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Apples; Cognitive consistency; Hypothetical bias; Instrument calibration; Willingness to pay.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47737

COHESION, CONSUMERISM, AND CO-OPERATIVES: LOOKING AHEAD FOR THE CO-OPERATIVE RETAILING SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fairbairn,   Brett.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31753

Cointegrated Vector Autoregression Methods: An Application to Non-Normally Behaving Data on Selected U.S. Sugar-Related Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babula,   Ronald A.; Newman,   Douglas.
The methods of the cointegrated vector autoregression/error correction (VAR/VEC) model are applied to monthly U.S. markets for sugar and for sugar-using markets for confectionary, soft drink, and bakery products. Primarily a methods paper, Johansen and Juselius' methods are applied, with a special focus on addressing well-known issues that preclude statistically normal behavior, and that confront the modelled sugar-based data. In so doing, we illustrate the effectiveness and the benefits of modelling this sugar-related set of markets as a cointegrated system. Perhaps for the first time, cointegrated VEC model results are used to estimate crucial policy-relevant market parameters that drive the markets, as well as to illuminate the dynamic nature of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cointegration; Sugar-based U.S. markets; Vector autoregression; Vector error correction models; Industrial Organization; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15878

Collaboration in ICT Regulation in the Southern Africa Development Community: A Regional Approach to Capacity Building
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Goulden,   Brian; Msimang,   Mandla.
Capacity building is a key activity in ensuring regulatory agencies can fulfil their mandate effectively. Without adequate institutional structures, processes and professional human resources, regulatory agencies are unlikely to be able to act in a credible manner. Lack of credibility impacts adversely on overall effectiveness by diminishing the relationships between the regulator and stakeholders in the regulated sector. This paper provides an overview of the collaboration that has taken place between ICT regulators in the 14 Member States of the Southern Africa Development Community. It indicates the initial approach used and the results that have been achieved through collaboration.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30683

Collaborative supply chain initiatives as devices to cope with income variability in the Scottish red meat sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Leat,   Philip M.K.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether collaborative supply chain initiatives may help to provide income stability for farmers, focussing the analysis on the red meat supply chain in Scotland. Collaborative supply chains may contribute with two elements to attain higher income instability: first, greater demand stability and market access, and second, less variability in the price received for carcasses, as the produced output fits better the required specifications (i.e., no lost premia). The analysis of a survey applied to Scottish red meat producers showed that farmers that are part of a producers’ club do not differ from other farmers in their perception of marketing problems (e.g., price stability, etc.). However, in terms of their marketing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Livestock Production/Industries; Income instability; Producers’ clubs; Red meat sector; Scotland.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61105

Collected Customs Duties: A Comparative Analysis of the Protection Applied by the US and the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aussilloux,   Vincent; Gallezot,   Jacques.
Relating the collected customs duty to the value of imports enables to estimate a rate of applied duty that takes into account all the pricing components and their utilisation. Indeed, this ad-valorem equivalent integrates the complex dimensions of customs duties, the measures of exemption and suspension, and those concerning preferential regimes. Processing collected duties for all the products reveals that the 1.5% rate of duty actually applied in 2003 is the same for the EU and the US. Nevertheless, it appears that the US taxes more the LDCs and the developing countries than the EU. Thus, setting aside those products which enter free of duty, the rate of taxation applied by the US is 15% and 6.2% respectively with regards to LDCs and developing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade protection; Custom duties; Trading regimes; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18871

COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY DATA ON RURAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY: LESSONS LEARNED FROM INITIAL SURVEYS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mather,   David; Donovan,   Cynthia.
In southern Africa, HIV/AIDS is considered to be a critical factor conditioning rural economic development , exacerbating already difficult problems with climatic variability and poverty. In their efforts to use household surveys to obtain information on rural adult mortality and morbidity and their effects on rural household livelihoods, Michigan State University researchers and their local collaborators in the Ministries of Agriculture of Rwanda (MINAGRI) and Mozambique (MADER), have learned various lessons. Using household surveys to estimate the impact on the households requires careful attention to detail as well as skilled use of econometric tools. The difficult modeling issues involved in such estimation is not be discussed in this paper. Rather, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11574

COLLECTIVE ACTION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; di Gregorio,   Monica.
Includes: Collective Action and Property Rights for Sustainable Development: Overview, by Ruth Meinzen-Dick and Monica Di Gregorio; Understanding collective action, by Elinor Ostrom; Understanding property rights, by Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Rajendra Pradhan, and Monica Di Gregorio; Local-level public goods and collective action, by Nancy McCarthy; Property rights, collective action, and agroforestry, by Frank Place, Keijiro Otsuka, and Sara Scherr; Irrigation, collective action, and property rights, by Douglas L. Vermillion; Collective action and property rights in fisheries management, by Mahfuzuddin Ahmed, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, and R.A. Valmonte-Santos; Collaborative management of forests, by Eva Wollenberg, Bruce Campbell, Sheona Shackleton, David...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16031

Collective Action for Small-Scale Producers of Agricultural Biodiversity Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruijssen,   Froukje; Keizer,   Menno; Giuliani,   Alessandra.
The role of well-functioning markets for development is now widely recognized, however the challenge remains to make these markets benefit the poor and the environment. Increasing attention is being given to the potential role markets can play for agrobiodiversity conservation through product diversification and increasing competitiveness in niche and novelty markets. Bioversity International has undertaken several studies that explore the use of market-based approaches to on-farm agrobiodiversity management and livelihood improvement. Case studies have been developed on a range of species, varieties and derived products, including underutilized species and commodities in several regions of the world. This paper explores how the theory of collective action...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biodiversity; Market chain; Market access; Livelihoods; Collective action; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50002

Collective Action for the Conservation of On-Farm Genetic Diversity in a Center of Crop Diversity: An Assessment of the Role of Traditional Farmers’ Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badstue,   Lone B.; Bellon,   Mauricio R.; Berthaud,   Julien; Ramirez,   Alejandro; Flores,   Dagoberto; Juarez,   Xochitl; Ramirez,   Fabiola.
This project explored the possible role of collective action among small-scale farmers in managing and maintaining genetic resources in a center of crop diversity. It focused on the local institutions that ensure the supply of seed of diverse maize landraces to small-scale farmers in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The key hypothesis was that the medium-to-long-term supply of a diverse set of varieties to any individual smallscale maize farmer depends on an agreement among a group of farmers to manage and supply the seed of these landraces to each other, if the need arises, and that this constitutes a form of collective action. Six communities were studied, three of them indepth. Methodologies used included in-depth semi-structured interviews with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize; Small-scale farmers; Informal seed systems; Genetic resources; Mexico; Collective action; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50067

Collective Action for Water Harvesting Irrigation in Lerma-Chapala Basin, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scott,   Christopher A.; Silva-Ochoa,   Paula.
Water and watersheds are difficult to separate for management purposes. Providing irrigation as a supplement to rainfall for crop production requires considerable collective action at the watershed level to mobilize labor and other resources, as well as to make decisions and implement the distribution of benefits. Small- scale water harvesting irrigation systems in Mexico have endured for centuries. They now face considerable challenges with changes in the ejido property rights over land and water, the growing importance of alternative sources of livelihoods, and increasing scarcity and competition for water within the river basins. Two case studies of water harvesting irrigation systems in the Lerma-Chapala Basin illustrate the response of communities to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Watershed; Water harvesting; Water; Collective action; Property rights; Mexico; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50057

Collective Action for Watershed Management: Field Experiments in Colombia and Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenas,   Juan-Camilo; Rodriguez,   Luz Angela; Johnson,   Nancy L.
The dilemma of collective action around water use and management involves solving both the problems of provision and appropriation. Cooperation in the provision can be affected by the rival nature of the appropriation and the asymmetries in the access. We report two field experiments conducted in Colombia and Kenya. The Irrigation Game was used to explore the provision and appropriation decisions under asymmetric or sequential appropriation, complemented with a Voluntary Contribution Mechanism experiment which looks at provision decisions under symmetric appropriation. The overall results were consistent with the patterns of previous studies: the zero contribution hypotheses is rejected whereas the most effective institution to increase cooperation was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective Action; Watersheds; Field Experiments; Colombia; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q0; Q2; C9; H3; H4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91169

Collective Action in Ant Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ravnborg,   Helle Munk; de la Cruz,   Ana Milena; del Pilar Guerrero,   Maria; Westermann,   Olaf.
Leaf-cutting ants (Atta. cephalotes) represents a serious problem to farmers in many parts of Latin America and accounts of ants eating up a whole cassava plot or destroying one or more fruit trees overnight are not uncommon. Ants do not respect farm boundaries. Therefore, farmers who control anthills on their own fields might still face damage on their crops caused by ants coming from neighboring fields where no control measures are taken. In that sense, crop damage caused by leaf-cutting ants constitutes a transboundary natural resource management problem which, in addition to technical interventions, requires organizational interventions to ensure a coordinated effort among farmers to be solved. This paper reports on a research effort initiated by CIAT...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50043

Collective Action in Plant Genetic Resources Management: Gendered Rules of Reputation, Trust  and Reciprocity in Kerala, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padmanabhan,   Martina Aruna.
Collective action aims at the joint management of common pool resources. Agrobiodiversity at the community level is conceptualized as a collective resource requiring the management of varieties, species and their interrelations within a farming-system. In the rice dominated agriculture in the uplands of Kerala, India, few community groups continue maintaining and thus conserving their high diversity in landraces. Faced with the challenges of devastating prices for rice, their traditional system of collective action to exchange seed material and knowledge is endangered. A new institutional mechanism to manage biodiversity is the People’s Biodiversity Register, a mandatory documentation procedure to enable cost and benefit sharing under the Convention on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; India; Agrobiodiversity; Institutions; Trust; Reciprocity; Reputation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42508

Collective Action in Space: Assessing How Collective Action Varies Across an African Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swallow,   Brent M.; Wangila,   Justine; Mulatu,   Woudyalew; Okello,   Onyango; McCarthy,   Nancy.
This paper develops and applies a new approach for analyzing the spatial aspects of individual adoption of a technology that produces a mixed public-private good. The technology is an animal insecticide treatment called a “pouron” that individual households buy and apply to their animals. Private benefits accrue to households whose animals are treated, while the public benefits accrue to all those who own animals within an area of effective suppression. A model of household demand for pourons is presented. As for a private good, household demand for the variable input depends upon output price, input cost, and household characteristics. Input costs for pouron treatments include both the market price of the pourons and the transaction costs that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50048

Collective Marketing Arrangements for Geographically Differentiated Agricultural Products: Welfare Impacts and Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lence,   Sergio H.; Marette,   Stephan; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Foster,   William E.
This paper examines the incentive of atomistic agricultural producers within a specific geographical region to differentiate and collectively market products. We develop a model that allows us to analyze the market and welfare effects of the main types of real-world producer organizations, using it to derive economic insights regarding the circumstances under which these organizations will evolve, and describing implications of the results obtained in the context of an ongoing debate between the European Union and United States. As the anticipated fixed costs of development and marketing increase and the anticipated size of the market falls, it becomes essential to increase the ability of the producer organization to control supply in order to ensure the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural products; Collective promotion; Geographic indications; Supply control; Quality; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18704

Collective Moral Hazard, Maturity Mismatch and Systemic Bailouts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Farhi,   Emmanuel; Tirole,   Jean.
The paper elicits a mechanism by which private leverage choices exhibit strategic complementarities through the reaction of monetary policy. When everyone engages in maturity transformation, authorities have little choice but facilitating refinancing. In turn, refusing to adopt a risky balance sheet lowers the return on equity. The key ingredient is that monetary policy is non-targeted. The ex post benefits from a monetary bailout accrue in proportion to the number amount of leverage, while the distortion costs are to a large extent fixed. This insight has important consequences. First, banks choose to correlate their risk exposures. Second, private borrowers may deliberately choose to increase their interest-rate sensitivity following bad news about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Monetary Policy; Funding Liquidity Risk; Strategic Complementarities; Macro-Prudential Supervision; Financial Economics; E44; E52; G28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52545

Collective Reputation, Entry and Minimum Quality Standard
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rouviere,   Elodie; Soubeyran,   Raphael.
This article deals with the issue of entry into an industry where firms share a collective reputation. First, we show that free entry is not socially optimal; there is a need for regulation through the imposition of a minimum quality standard. Second, we argue that a minimum quality standard can induce firms to enter the market. Contrary to conventional wisdom, a minimum quality standard should not always be considered as a barrier to entry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective Reputation; Entry; Minimum Quality Standard; Industrial Organization; L11; H41; I18; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6325

Collinearity in Linear Structural Models of Market Power
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perloff,   Jeffrey M.; Shen,   Edward Z.
The well-known structural model used to estimate market structure suffers from a severe collinearity problem if the marginal cost and demand equations are linear.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market power; Estimation; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; L13; C1.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25012

Collusion and Price Dispersion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
While there are suggestions in applied cartel studies that price dispersion changes when cartelization of a market occurs, there are few theoretical or empirical analyses of this effect. This paper surveys the thin economic literature on the link between overt collusion and price dispersion. Formal theories and observation of cartel behavior suggest that during successfully collusive periods prices become less variable and more negatively skewed compared to relatively competitive periods. Four empirical studies of cartels verify these predictions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28639

Colombia's Discharge Fee Program: Incentives for Polluters of Regulators?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
Colombia's discharge fee system for water effluents is often held up as a model of a well-functioning, economic-incentive pollution control program in a developing country. Yet few objective, up-to-date evaluations of the program have appeared. Based on a variety of primary and secondary evaluative data, this paper finds that that the program has been beset by a number of serious problems including limited implementation in many regions, widespread noncompliance by municipal sewage authorities, and a confused relationship between discharge fees and discharge standards. Nevertheless, in several watersheds, pollution loads dropped significantly after the program was introduced. While proponents claim the incentives that discharge fees created for polluters...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Economic incentive; Market based instrument; Discharge fees; Water pollution; Latin America; Colombia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q56; Q58; O13; O54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10869

COMBINING FARM AND COUNTY DATA TO CONSTRUCT FARM LEVEL YIELD DISTRIBUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Joan R.; King,   Robert P.; Fackler,   Paul L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13752

Combining Rate-Based and Cap-and-Trade Emissions Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn.
Rate-based emissions policies (like tradable performance standards) fix average emissions intensity, while cap-and-trade policies fix total emissions. This paper shows that unfettered trade between rate-based and cap-and-trade programs always raises combined emissions, except when product markets are related in particular ways. Gains from trade are fully passed on to consumers in the rate-based sector, resulting in more output and greater emissions allocations. We consider a range of policy options to offset the expansion, including unilateral ones when jurisdictional differences require. The cap-and-trade jurisdiction could impose an "exchange rate" to adjust for relative permit values, but marginal abatement cost equalization is sacrificed. Still, that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Permit allocation; Tradable performance standards; Climate; Greenhouse gases; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H3; Q2; Q48.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10713

COMBINING STATED AND REVEALED PREFERENCE DATA TO CONSTRUCT AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF INTRAHOUSEHOLD BARGAINING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dosman,   Donna; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
The behavior of households has traditionally been explained by assuming that a single decision maker maximizes utility over all members of the household subject to a budget constraint. This unitary model of household behavior has been questioned and compared to models that assume that household decisions are made in a bargaining process. We examine household behavior in a bargaining framework by combining stated preference information from individual members of the household with revealed preference information on the household's actual choices.  The context of the decision is determining the location of family recreation vacation choice. The resulting model, based on a bargaining framework, provides information on the factors affecting bargaining power as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24084

COMBINING TIME-VARYING AND DYNAMIC MULTI-PERIOD OPTIMAL HEDGING MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haigh,   Michael S.; Holt,   Matthew T.
This paper presents an effective way of combining two popular, yet distinct approaches used in the hedging literature – dynamic programming (DP) and time-series (GARCH) econometrics.  Theoretically consistent yet realistic and tractable models are developed for traders interested in hedging a portfolio.  Results from a bootstrapping experiment used to construct confidence bands around the competing portfolios suggest that while DP-GARCH outperforms the GARCH approach they are statistically equivalent to the OLS approach when the markets are stable.  Significant gains may be achieved by a trader, however, by adopting the DP–GARCH model over the OLS approach when markets exhibit excessive volatility.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28593

Comercio internacional de servicios: una reflexión sobre la balanza de servicios no financieros del Perú: período 1970-1988
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caceres Valderrama,   Armando.
Este documento contiene algunas reflexiones sobre la problemática del comercio internacional de servicios. Revisa la noción de servicios desde tres perspectivas: la económica, la estadística y la comercial, así como la evolución del comercio internacional de servicios durante los últimos veinte años.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comercio internacional; Balanza comercial; Sector servicios; International trade; Balance of trade; Peru; International Relations/Trade; F40; F13.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42285

Comment augmenter les revenus des producteurs? Leçons de l'office du Niger au Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mariko,   Dramane; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Chohin-Kuper,   Anne.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 23.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11435

Comment le développement agricole affecte-t-il la nutrition infantile au Mali?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Penders,   Christopher L.; Staatz,   John M.; Tefft,   James F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 9.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11417

COMMENT ON CRANDALL AND WINSTON (2003)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
In a paper published in the Journal of Economic Perspectives in the fall of 2003, Robert Crandall and Clifford Winston all but call for the repeal of the Nation's antitrust laws.  Their qualifications to make such a radical proposal are in doubt, but more importantly their purported review of empirical studies of overt price-fixing effects is shallow, biased, and naive. Crandall and Winston's assertion that the direct benefits of convicting price-fixers are slight is central to their paper's thesis.  Their review is shallow because the five studies that they examine comprise less than 2% of the economic literature that quantitatively estimates the price effects of explicit price-fixing schemes; it is biased because the chosen studies find no or weak price...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28659

COMMENT ON THE CFIA'S PROPOSED REGULATIONS RESPECTING THE MAKING OF MEDICATED FEED
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Larry J.; Grier,   Kevin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18107

COMMENTARY ON EXCHANGE RATE IMPACTS ON HOG/PORK COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grier,   Kevin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18122

COMMENTS ON IMPROVING FOOD ACCESS TO POOR AND VULNERABLE GROUPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staatz,   John M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11653

COMMENTS ON STRUCTURAL AND PRODUCTIVITY TRENDS IN THE SWINE INDUSTRY AND MINNESOTA'S COMPETITIVE POSITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazarus,   William F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13420

COMMENTS ON U.S. AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD POLICY: 1995 AND BEYOND; Proceedings of the Fourth Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, Minnesota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14453

Commerce International des Céréales et Production Céréalière au Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dembele,   Niama Nango.
The liberalization of foreign trade has positively impacted the production of cereals in Mali. The increase in the production of cereals is due to both price increases and the effectiveness of the marketing system. The liberalization made Mali a cereal exporter in contrast with its former status ten years ago, that of a cereals importer Mali supplies its neighboring countries such as Mauritania, Niger, Burkina Faso, Senegal and Cote d’Ivoire with coarse grains. However, subsidies, rapid urbanization, and changes in the food habits of the urban population threaten Mali’s capacity to remain an exporter. To remain an exporter, Mali should, in the long term, process coarse grains into products conforming to the expectations and food habits of the urban...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mali; Cereals; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55459

Commercial and Producer Applications Using Options on Grain Futures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Satrom,   John P.; Chan,   Alfred K.; Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23431

COMMERCIAL BANKS' RESPONSE TO COSTLY DEPOSITS IN A DEREGULATED ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Betubiza,   Eustacius N.; Leatham,   David J.
The study examines balance sheet changes at Texas commercial banks following the 1980 bank deregulation.  A comparison of selected deposit and asset variables for 1978 (pre-deregulation) and 1987 (post- deregulation) reveals a rapid increase in costly deposits and a decline in the proportion of loans in general, and agricultural loans in particular, relative to total bank assets.  Although a weak Texas economy during this time period contributed to the observed asset reallocation, banks were also responding to the increased deposit costs and interest rate volatility following deregulation.  This conclusion is consistent with previous findings cited in the study.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commercial banks; Agricultural loans; Bank deregulation; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23985

COMMERCIAL SWEETPOTATO PRODUCTION IN MISSISSIPPI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parvin,   David W., Jr.; Walden,   Charles; Graves,   Benny.
This report provides an estimate of selected costs incurred in sweetpotato production in Mississippi, 1999. Land, management and general farm overhead costs were not included. Per acre returns above specified costs are estimated at approximately $1,100.00 per acre.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sweetpotatoes; Production costs; Net returns; Cash flow; Price sensitivity; Equipment; Chemicals; Production Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15785

Commercialisation des Céréales et Sécurité Alimentaire au Mali
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diallo,   Marthe; Deme,   Kadiatou; Dembele,   Niama Nango; Traore,   Abdramane; Staatz,   John M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cereal markets; Mali; Food security; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Q13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57066

Commercialisation of Agriculture in Kenya: Case Study of Policy Bias and Food Purchases by Farm Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiriti,   Tabitha; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This study considers the effect of cash cropping on food availability and investigates the determinants of household food expenditure as a proportion of gross income relying on a sample of rural households in the Nyeri district of Kenya. Results from an application of a Tobit model suggest that household food purchases and food availability may suffer as a consequence of increasing cash cropping in Kenya. Husbands favour commercial crops and, it seems, favour non-food purchases. Married women living with their husbands use proportionately less of their gross income to purchase food compared to unmarried women and to those women not living with their husbands. Male bias in food purchased is present, and is exacerbated when payment for cash crops is lumpy....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commercialisation; Non-food cash crops; Food cash crops; Food availability; And non-cash food crops.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105584

Commercialisation of Agriculture in Kenya: Case Study of Urban Bias on Food Availability in Farm Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kiriti,   Tabitha; Tisdell,   Clement A.
This study investigates the effect of cash cropping on food availability and examines the determinants of the proportion of income allocated for food expenditures in the Nyeri district in Kenya. Using a Tobit model, the results suggest that in general food expenditure allocations suffer due to cash cropping in Kenya as the lump-sum income flows from this may be used for purchases other than food. Food expenditure also suffers when remittances are irregular. On the other hand, earnings from outside employment for married women living with husbands are positively associated with food expenditure allocations. Amounts of non-cash food output as well as ownership of livestock are negatively associated with food expenditure allocations. These findings indicate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commercialisation; Non-food cash crops; Food cash crops; Food availability; And non-cash food crops.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102262

Commercio elettronico per la dinamica delle catene agro-alimentari internazionali:  un’analisi del potenziale
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fritz,   Melanie; Canavari,   Maurizio; Cantore,   Nicola; Deiters,   Jivka; Pignatti,   Erika.
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce is an innovative use of information and communication technologies and refers to the exchange of goods and related information between companies supported by Internet-based tools such as electronic marketplaces (also called electronic trade platforms) or online shops. It provides opportunities for cost-efficiency in supply chain management processes and access to new markets. With regard to the food sector with its chain levels input – agriculture – industry – retail – consumer, B2B e-commerce would take place in the exchange of food products between all levels except retail to consumer (business-to-consumer e-commerce). It is evident and widely known that B2B e-commerce brings key advantages and potentials for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: E-commerce; B2B transactions; Agri-food trade; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42891

Commitment Contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryan,   Gharad; Karlan,   Dean S.; Nelson,   Scott.
We review the theoretical and empirical literature on commitment devices. A commitment device is any arrangement, entered into by an individual, with the aim of making it easier to fulfill his or her own future plans. We argue that there is growing empirical evidence supporting the proposition that people demand commitment devices and that these devices can change behavior. We highlight the importance of further research exploring soft commitment – those involving only psychological costs – and the welfare consequences of hard commitments – those involving actual costs – especially in the presence of bounded rationality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Consumer/Household Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; D03; D14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54536

Commodity Markets: Rational Expectations in Markets With Irrational Investors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Teddy T.; Smith,   Aaron D.
The "financialization" of commodity markets have become a concern for policy makers and market participants.  What was once a market for the hedging of holding physical commodities has expanded to become a market for the diversification of financial assets.  When financial assets diversification goals are decoupled from the fundamental factors that affect producers and consumers of physical goods futures markets may not be as efficient in aggregating information concerning the economics of the underlying commodity.  Theoretical understanding of whether commodity futures market function well under exogenous shifts in demand for futures contracts depend on our assumptions of how market participants behave, including their level of risk aversion.  This paper...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Commodity; Futures; Financialization; Competitive storage; Rational expectations; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61526

COMMODITY OUTLOOK 2003: U.S. AND WORLD SUGAR MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Andrew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15692

Commodity Price Volatility: The Impact of Commodity Index Traders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hailu,   Getu; Weersink,   Alfons.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Index; Traders; Commodity; Price; Volatility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102305

COMMODITY PROBLEMS AND PROGRAM CHOICES: WHEAT, FEED GRAINS, AND SOYBEANS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houck,   James P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1969
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13723

Commodity Storage under Backwardation: Does the Working Curve Still Work?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Joseph,   Kishore; Irwin,   Scott H.; Garcia,   Philip.
We investigate storage in the presence of backwardation and the existence of the Working curve for CBOT corn, soybeans, and wheat markets and the KCBOT wheat market using recent data, 1990-2010.  Incorporating Telser’s concept of the cost of carry, we employ two measures of the spread—the percent of full carry for futures-futures and futures-spot (maximum) spreads which are adjusted for interest and storage rates. Both spreads are calculated relative to the next nearby futures contract and are matched with closest weekly deliverable stock information available at the delivery locations for the contracts. Our findings indicate that storage at a loss is pervasive both in terms of the percent of observations that exhibited storage at a loss, and the magnitude...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Storage; Backwardation; CBOT; KCBOT; Corn; Soybean; Wheat.; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103888

COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY: A EUROPEAN JOURNEY - THEN, NOW AND THE FUTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poinelli,   Mauro.
The reform process of the CAP has been, till now, driven by market and financial factors. The Mid Term Review, however, reveals that new important issues have emerged. The impact of the next main events, the ongoing WTO Round and the enlargement, on the CAP are examined. The analysis shows that the Mid Term Review is mainly inspired by an attempt to deliver a prompt political response to the concerns of EU citizens, although, on the market side, it goes beyond the line drawn by Agenda 2000 anticipating part of the reform supposed to be needed after 2006 in preparation of the CAP for the enlarged EU.  The new tools introduced by the Proposal may be seen to contribute at restoring market conditions in the EU agricultural sector and at promoting higher level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14371

COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION – DEVELOPMENT AND PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lissitsa,   Alexej; Laka,   Oksana; Gagalyuk,   Taras; Mykolayovych,   Kwasha Sergiy.
The following Discussion Paper depicts main principles and mechanisms of agricultural policy of European Union. The study is aimed to show the wide Russian speaking research community only a short historical background and few elements of current Agricultural Policy rules and should be seen as a starting point for further analysis and discussions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: European Union; Agrarian policy; Reform; Europäische Union; Agrarpolitik; Reform; Европейский Союз; Аграрная политика; Реформа.; Agribusiness; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; O13; O 17; P26; P32; P48; Q15; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92019

Common Ground Between Free-Traders and Environmentalists
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Sacheti,   Sandeep; Zhao,   Jinhua.
We use a North-South model with property right differences and resource dynamics to study the effects of trade on resource use and welfare. Autarky is likely to Pareto-dominate free trade in the long run when the environment is quite fragile, and the result is reversed when the environment is quite resilient. Trade may cause an environmentally poor country to drag down" its richer trading partner; in this case, both countries degrade their stocks when these would be preserved under autarky. Alternatively, trade may enable the environmentally richer country to pull up" its partner; in this case both countries preserve their stocks when these would be degraded under autarky. These results rationalize the positions of environmentalists and free-traders. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; D5; F1; O2; Q2.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25042

Common Labels and Market Mechanisms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boizot-Szantai,   Christine; Lecocq,   Sebastien; Marette,   Stephan.
In this article, the impact of common labels is investigated with both theoretical and empirical approaches. Recent statistics regarding the egg market in France suggest that retailer brands largely adopt common labels. A simple theoretical framework enables us to determine the conditions under which producers and/or retailers with different product qualities decide to post a common label on their products. In particular, a situation of multiple equilibria (one where the label is used by the high-quality seller only and one where it is used by the low-quality seller only) is exhibited when the cost of the label is relatively large. The demand is then estimated for different segments of the French egg market, including producer/retailer brands with/without...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition; Demand estimation; Labels; Product differentiation; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18588

COMMON PROPERTY AND COLLECTIVE ACTION: COOPERATIVE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN HAITI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   Thomas A.; Runge,   C. Ford.
The paper is divided into four sections.  First, watershed management in Haiti is presented as a problem of voluntary collective action in which small watersheds are the common responsibility of a group of users.       Second, this situation is given formal expression as a "public goods" problem, in which obligations to contribute time and labor to the  maintenance and management of watersheds are treated as conditional or contingent commitments to cooperate (rather than defect).  Third, an empirical analysis is presented in which key economic and cultural factors are tested to determine those that best explain the individual propensity to cooperate and the conditions necessary for collective action to emerge.  Fourth, we interpret these results in light...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14377

COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Runge,   C. Ford.
The "global commons" is a metaphor. Metaphorically, all of the earth's resources are held in common by this and future generations, to be used and abused as we and our heirs see fit. Yet "the commons" metaphor may also be seen at a less global level, and less metaphorically. In much of the developing world, common property provides a complex system of norms and conventions regulating individual use rights to a variety of natural resources, including forests, grazing lands, fisheries and water resources.  This article will examine both macro-level issues of the commons, and micro-level cases, with emphasis on developing countries. Macro-level issues involve problems of international governance, while micro cases involve local management of natural and human...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13736

Communication Processes in Agro-environmental Policy Development and Decision-Making: Case Study Sachsen-Anhalt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prager,   Katrin; Nagel,   Uwe Jens.
The development of a decision support approach with regard to agro-environmental programmes is part of a larger research project on agricultural transformation and structural change processes. Research objective are improved communication processes and an enhanced quality of political decision-making. The investigation is based on the assumption that the success of agro-environmental programmes depends largely on their acceptance by all major stakeholders. This implies an early integration of varying interests in the decision-making process. Introducing participatory approaches into a bureaucratic setting poses particular problems. In order to achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness, the introduction of interactive modelling approaches has to be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Communication processes; Agro-environmental programmes; Decision-making support; Conflict resolution; Participation and acceptance; Rural areas; Agricultural extension; Sustainable agriculture; Structural change; Transformation processes; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18819

Community Bank Assessment of Agricultural Portfolio Risk Exposure: The Literature and the Methods in Use
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pederson,   Glenn D.; Chu,   Yu-Szu; Richardson,   D. Wynn.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107483

Community cohesion: constructing boundaries between or within communities-of-place?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergunst,   Petra.
This paper is concerned with how communities are constructed symbolically and the relation between such symbolically constructed communities and communities-ofplace. Analysis of literature on the symbolic construction of Scottish communities shows that the boundaries of these communities do not necessarily coincide with the boundaries of the geographically defined community-of-place. People identify, and are identified, with more than one community, and such identification is temporary in character. Which community is identified with is dependent on the specific time, place, group of people and activities engaged in.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community cohesion; Scotland; Symbolic and geographical boundaries of community; Dialectic of identification; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45994

Community Control in a Global Economy: Lessons from Mexico's Economic Integration Process
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Waters,   Eliza; Wise,   Timothy A.
The North American Free Trade Agreement appeared to promise economic growth for Mexico and improved living conditions for its people. While the Mexican economy has recovered significantly from its post-NAFTA collapse, there is mounting evidence that many of the pre-NAFTA warnings of worsening poverty and deteriorating environmental conditions were true, if exaggerated. However one interprets the statistics, there is little doubt that the economic integration process, which began a full decade before NAFTA took effect, has created a significant restructuring of the Mexican economy, with some of the country's most vulnerable residents facing the harshest conditions. How have those most affected by the economic integration process responded to the challenges...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15584

Community Development and Commercial Bank Performance: A Mutually-Dependent Relationship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gustafson,   Cole R.; Beauclair,   Shaun C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23228

COMMUNITY ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF POPULATION CHANGE IN THE MID-CONTINENT REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.; Maki,   Wilbur R.
Population estimates for counties in the Mid-Continent Region were compiled by multi-county economic area for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1974, and 1976. Net migration estimates were compiled, also, by economic area. Finally, community economic effects for a metropolitan area and a nonmetropolitan area in Minnesota were estimated in terms of local government and personal income and expenditures and their relation to population change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13963

Community empowerment and scaling-up in urban areas: The evolution of push/prospect in Zambia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Garrett,   James L.
Includes bibliographical references. Urban Challenges to Food and Nutrition Security.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: CARE; Poverty alleviation; Community organizations; Urban poor; Peri-urban areas; Urban programming; Empowerment; Community-driven development (CDD); Food aid; Scaling up; Civil society; Government policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60395

Community, Inequality, and Local Public Goods: Evidence From School Financing in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamauchi,   Futoshi; Mishiyama,   Shinichi.
To examine how local income distribution affects both a community’s ability to pay for schooling and the quality of that schooling, this research merges household and school census data from South Africa. Empirical results are twofold. First, while the median income and the average household income increase school fees, inequality in household income (standard deviation) decreases school fees, which indicates that the lower tail of income distribution pulls down school fees. Second, an increase in school fees significantly improves school quality, decreasing the learner-educator ratio and increasing the number of nonsubsidized educators. The result is consistent with (1) strategic behavior of the low-income group and (2) optimal school fee determination...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Local public goods; School finance; Willingness to pay; Human capital; South Africa; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59286

COMMUNITY PREFERENCES FOR TYPES OF BUSINESSES: A CASE STUDY OF THREE COUNTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cox,   Anna M.; Alwang,   Jeffrey Roger; Johnson,   Thomas G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14856

Community Pressure and Clean Technology in the Informal Sector: An Econometric Analysis of the Adoption of Propane by Traditional Mexican Brickmakers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Bannister,   Geoffrey J.
In many developing countries the informal sector, comprised of low-technology unlicensed micro-enterprises, is a major source of pollution. Environmental management in this sector is exceptionally challenging. Though clean technologies offer a means of mitigating the problem, to our knowledge there has been no rigorous empirical research on why informal (or even small-scale) firms do and do not adopt them. As a first step towards filling this gap, this paper presents the results of an econometric analysis of the diffusion of propane among informal 'traditional' brickmakers in Cd. Juárez, Mexico--a leading source of air pollution owing to their reliance on cheap, highly polluting fuels such as used tires and scrap wood. The two key policy implications of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environment; Community pressure; Clean technology; Informal sector; Technology adoption; Brickmaking; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O22; O33; Q25; C25; L61.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10529

COMMUNITY SERVICE: FACT OR FICTION?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoyt,   John S., Jr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13730

COMMUNITY TRADE ANALYSIS HANDBOOK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Tweeten,   Kathleen M.
This handbook provides information to help individuals, businesses, and community leaders make decisions on a variety of business and retail trade issues.  The handbook is not intended to provide specific answers to the many problems facing rural businesses and communities.  Rather, it provides tools and information on retail trade patterns and economic trends that can assist people in making informed decisions regarding their future business activities.  The handbook can also enable community leaders to assess their current situation and plan for the future.  Specific information contained in the handbook includes trade area maps, city and trade area population, retail sales trends, pull factors, trends in employment and per capita income, and threshold...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Retail trade; Rural development; Threshold population; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23093

Community-based Adaptation: Lessons from the Development Marketplace 2009 on Adaptation to Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heltberg,   Rasmus; Prabhu,   Radhika; Gitay,   Habiba.
The Development Marketplace 2009 focused on adaptation to climate change. This paper identifies lessons from the Marketplace and assesses their implications for adaptation support. Our findings are based on: statistical tabulation of all proposals; in-depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 346 semi-finalists; and interviews with finalists and assessors. Proposals were fuelled by deep concerns that ongoing climate change and its impacts undermine development and exacerbate poverty, migration and food insecurity. Proposals addressed both local poverty and climate change challenges, and offered a wide range of approaches to render local development more resilient to current climate variability. Therefore, support to community-based adaptation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community-based Adaptation; Development Marketplace; Adaptation; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; O1; Q5.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92711

Community-driven development and scaling-up of microfinance services: case studies from Nepal and India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sharma,   Manohar P.
This case study examines the scaling-up experiences of two microfinance institutions: the Nirdhan Utthan Bank Limited (NUBL) in Nepal and the Self-Help Group (SHG)-Bank linkage program of the National Agricultural Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in India. Both NUBL and NABARD groups use self-regulation (peer selection, peer monitoring, and peer enforcement of contracts) as key to gaining access to services not otherwise available to them. There are two community-based drivers. First, loan products are closely driven by client preferences, as evidenced by strong demand to join the program, high repayment rates, and very low dropout rates. Second, the process of organizing clients into groups has a significant empowering effect, providing...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community-driven development (CDD); Scaling up; Microfinance; Case studies; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60396

COMMUNITY-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF CHILD GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paknawin-Mock,   Jeremiah; Jarvis,   Lovell S.; Jahari,   Abas; Husaini,   Madhin; Pollitt,   Ernesto.
Objectives: The paper presents the results of an ecological-economic approach to identifying community-level factors that influence the physical growth of young children. Design: A cross-sectional design was used to obtain both the anthropometry and the ecological-economic data. Setting:  The sites were 24 communities located in a tea plantation near Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Subjects:  415 children between the ages of 6 and 18 months living in the 24 communities. Methods: Epidemiological and ethnographic methods were used to measure community infrastructure and services related to child growth.  Anthropometry was used to measure child growth. Econometric methods, including probit and ordinary least squares regression, were used to analyze the effect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community health services; Child growth; Indonesia; Tea plantations; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11996

COMMUNITY-WIDE FINANCIAL IMPACTS OF PREFERENTIAL ASSESSMENTS FOR FARMLAND PROPERTIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taff,   Steven J.
I estimate the magnitude and the geographic distribution of property tax impacts of the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area's two farmland protection programs. The total 2001 net tax reduction for participating landowners was $12.5 million, ranging from $0.2 million in Ramsey County to $3.2 million in Washington County. These "tax breaks" were necessarily matched by tax increases for all property owners, both participants and non-participants, but the pattern of these "tax shifts" does not match the pattern of tax breaks. Residents in the periphery of the metropolitan area pay more (on a per tax dollar basis) than do residents closer to the core-just the reverse of the pattern of tax breaks. Preferential tax schemes such as these are often touted as "free,"...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13244

Como compensar e incentivar os municípios a proteger e conservar o meio ambiente? O caso do ICMS Ecológico em Minas Gerais
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fernandes,   Luciany Lima; Coelho,   Alexandre Braganca; Fernandes,   Elaine Aparecida; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de.
The ecological ICMS was first used to distribute a share of the ICMS revenue in the state of Parana in 1991. This pioneer experience originated from counties’ claims which argued that their economies were harmed by land use restrictions, mainly because they were watershed protection areas or their territory was part of a conservation unit. Responding to these claims, the state government changed the ICMS allocation criteria, favoring those counties with added funds. In the Minas Gerais State, the Ecological ICMS was implemented in 1995 with the “Robin Hood Law”. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Ecological ICMS in Minas Gerais as an instrument for compensation and incentive. Results showed the creation of a conservation unit would compensate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecological ICMS; Minas Gerais; Panel Data Model; Conservation Units.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53224

¿Cómo enfrentar una geografía adversa?: el rol de los activos públicos y privados
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Escobal D'Angelo,   Javier; Torero,   Maximo.
En el Perú, país con una asombrosa diversidad ecológica, con 84 zonas climáticas y paisajes distintos, con selvas tropicales, altas cordilleras y desiertos, puede que el contexto geográfico no sea suficiente para explicar las variaciones regionales en ingresos y bienestar, pero si es muy significativo. La pregunta más importante que este trabajo trata de responder es: qué rol juegan las variables geográficas - tanto naturales como antropogénicas - al explicarse las diferencias de gasto per cápita entre las diversas regiones del Perú. Cómo han cambiado estas influencias en el tiempo, a través de qué medios han sido transmitidas, y si el acceso a los activos privados y públicos ha compensado los efectos de una geografía adversa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nivel de vida; Ingresos de hogares; Gastos de consumo; Bienestar social; Analisis regional; Crecimiento económico; Perú; Standard of living; Household income; Consumer expenditure; Social welfare; Regional analysis; Economic growth; Peru; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; D91; R11; Q12.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37771

¿Cómo se ajusta el mercado de trabajo ante cambios en el salario mínimo en el Perú?: una evaluación de la experiencia de la última década
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaramillo,   Miguel; Lopez,   Kristian.
Luego de alcanzar un pico histórico en 1986, el salario mínimo sufrió una caída estrepitosa, junto con el nivel medio de las remuneraciones, hasta inicios de los noventas. Sin embargo, desde mediados de los noventas se ha incrementado considerablemente, acercándose al nivel promedio de las remuneraciones tanto de trabajadores no calificados como de informales. Este estudio describe el marco institucional del salario mínimo en el mercado laboral peruano y analiza su relación con la distribución de los ingresos laborales para diferentes grupos del mercado laboral (trabajadores no calificados, informales, mujeres y jóvenes). Así mismo, aprovecha las variaciones recientes para identificar los efectos de un alza sobre las remuneraciones y el empleo a lo largo...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Empleo; Salarios; Salario mínimo; Mercado de trabajo; Perú; Employment; Wages; Minumum wage; Labour market; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; J3; J4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37728

Compact or Spread-Out Cities: Urban Planning, Taxation, and the Vulnerability to Transportation Shocks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gusdorf,   Francois; Hallegatte,   Stephane.
This paper shows that cities made more compact by transportation taxation are more robust than spread-out cities to shocks in transportation costs. Such a shock, indeed, entails negative transition effects that are caused by housing infrastructure inertia and are magnified in low-density cities. Distortions due to a transportation tax, however, have in absence of shock detrimental consequences that need to be accounted for. The range of beneficial tax levels can, therefore, be identified as a function of the possible magnitude of future shocks in transportation costs. These taxation levels, which can reach significant values, reduce city vulnerability and prevent lock-ins in under-optimal situations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10273

Companies and Regulators in Emissions Trading Programs
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruger,   Joseph.
Much has been written about the economic and environmental performance of U.S. emissions trading programs for "acid rain" (sulfur dioxide) and nitrogen oxides. Less explored have been the unique roles and interactions of environmental regulators and the companies they regulate. I first examine how these roles change the way that regulators and companies operate within their own organizations and with each other. Next, I use examples from U.S. trading programs to illustrate the design and administrative features that allow program administrators and industry to best fulfill their respective roles. Finally, I examine briefly whether these features are present in the EU Emissions Trading System and determine the implications for its effectiveness.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Climate change; Environmental management; Information technology; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10489

Comparative Advantage, Competitive Advantage, and U.S. Agricultural Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: White,   T. Kelley.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51237

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN BANGLADESH CROP PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shahabuddin,   Quazi; Dorosh,   Paul A.
This study uses data from 1996/97 through 1998/99 to examine the relative efficiency of production of crops in Bangladesh and their comparative advantage in international trade as measured by net economic profitability (the profitability using economic, rather than financial costs and prices), and the domestic resource cost ratio, (the amount of value of non-tradable domestic resources used in production divided by the value of tradable products). The economic profitability analysis demonstrates that Bangladesh has a comparative advantage in domestic production of rice for import substitution. However, at the export parity price, economic profitability of rice is generally less than economic profitability of many non-rice crops, implying that Bangladesh...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16220

COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES IN AGRO-FOOD TRADE OF HUNGARY, CROATIA AND SLOVENIA WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bojnec,   Stefan; Ferto,   Imre.
This paper investigates comparative trade advantages in agro-food trade. We analyze comparative advantages of Hungarian, Croatian and Slovenian agro-food trade in the European Union (EU) markets. Both the levels and pattern of the revealed comparative advantage measure are investigated. The empirical research seeks to explain how revealed comparative advantages have developed across countries, main product groups and over time and what are likely their implications for multifunctional rural development in the enlarged EU. We employ a disaggregated trade dataset to identify the revealed comparative advantages to provide broader policy implications. The empirical results confirmed bulk of agro-food and forestry products with revealed comparative advantages...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Croatia; Hungary; Slovenia.; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Political Economy; Production Economics; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90870

Comparative Advantages, Transaction Costs and Factor Content of Agricultural Trade: Empirical Evidence from CEE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kancs,   d'Artis; Ciaian,   Pavel; Pokrivcak,   Jan.
The present study examines factor content of the CEE transition country agricultural trade. We examine the relative country abundance for labour, capital and land, and test the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) hypothesis. Our empirical findings suggest that the factor content of agricultural exports and imports is rather similar in CEE and most of the agricultural trade flows do not satisfy the HOV prediction. In order to explain the general lack of agricultural specialisation and the observed paradox in the CEE's agricultural trade, we examine the role of transaction costs and market imperfections. We find that transaction costs and market imperfections distort farm specialisation and hence factor content of agricultural trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor Content; Agricultural Trade; Comparative Advantages; Transaction Cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115421

Comparative analysis of leading and lagging rural regions in OECD countries in the 1980s and 1990s
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Godeschalk,   Frans E.; Post,   Jaap; Terluin,   Ida J.; Bollman,   Ray D.
In this paper leading and lagging regions in OECD countries in the 1990s are identified, and a comparative analysis is made of leading and lagging regions in the 1990s with those in the 1980s. The labels 'leading' and 'lagging' are derived from total employment growth. In almost all studied countries, employment growth in the leading predominantly rural and intermediate rural regions in the 1990s tended to exceed that in predominantly urban regions. On the whole, it appeared that about 60% of all leading regions in the 1980s were still leading in the 1990s, and that also 60% of the lagging regions in the 1980s were lagging in the 1990s.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29145

Comparative Analysis of United States and Canadian Wheat Grades
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petry,   Timothy A.; Anderson,   Donald E.
This report represents a continuation in the study of market development for hard red spring and durum wheat.  A comparative analysis of United States and Canadian wheat grade standards was made to alert North Dakota wheat producers to recent changes in Canadian wheat grades and standards and to show how they compare with existing United States Grades and Standards.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23351

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VALUE-ADDED AND TRADITIONAL MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE:  AN EFFICIENCY SCORE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Acheampong,   Yvonne J.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Stochastic frontier analysis is employed for a comparison of value-added and traditional measures of performance.  Results indicate value-added measures are not significantly different from traditional measures of performance and thus little if any information is gained by replacing traditional measures with value-added measures.  However, value-added measures may be useful to managers for value creation decisions resulting in excess profits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16715

Comparative Analysis of World Market Projections with Special Regard to Wheat Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heckelei,   Thomas; Krebs,   Elvira; Mollmann,   Claus; von Lampe,   Martin.
This paper presents a short comparative analysis of USDA and FAPRI projections for world wheat market prices until 2005. The relevance of different model assumptions regarding assumed inflation, exchange rates, policy parameters as well as shifts in demand and production development are discussed. A subsequent section focuses on the problem of a "world market price concept" for evaluating the potential of unsubsidized EU cereal exports. The Annex provides more detailed information on model assumptions and a comparison of other projected values, also including agricultural products other than wheat.  Dieses Diskussionspapier stellt eine kurze vergleichende Analyse aktueller USDA- und FAPRI- Projektionen von Weltmarktpreisen fur Weizen bis 2005 vor. Die...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18778

Comparative Costs and Conservation Policies for the Survival of the Oranutan and Other Species: Includes an Example
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The extent to which conservation is feasible is constrained by budgets and the financial sacrifice stakeholders are willing to bear. Therefore a possible objective for conserving a species is to minimise the cost of achieving that stated aim. For example, if a minimum viable population (MVP) of a species is to be conserved, the size and type of habitats reserved for this could be selected to minimise cost. This requires consideration of the comparative (relative) opportunity costs of reserving different land types for conservation. A general model is developed to demonstrate this and is applied to the case of the orangutan. In the ecological literature, recommendations for reserving different types of land for conservation have been based on comparisons of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative costs; Conservation in situ; Costs of conservation; Environmental policy; Minimum viable populations; Opportunity costs; Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q13; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90466

COMPARATIVE COSTS OF DAIRY MARKETING IN NORWAY AND THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hoveid,   Oyvind; Hammond,   Jerome W.
Technical marketing efficiency is an important component of comparative  advantage that countries may possess in food marketing. This aspect of marketing efficiency may be affected by size of market(s), technology  used, input costs, and institutional factors. With regard to the latter, Norwegian policy makers have asked whether the extensive regulation and monopolization by a single processing cooperative in the Norwegian dairy sector have resulted in technical inefficiency that leads to excessive costs of milk marketing. Excessive marketing costs could have three important impacts; increased prices for domestic consumers, reduced prices for farmers, and reduced competitiveness in international markets.  International competitiveness is critical for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13815

Comparative Financial Characteristics of U.S. Farms by Type, 2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Eddie C.; Dixon,   Bruce L.; Ahendsen,   Bruce L.; Wailes,   Eric J.
This study presents and analyzes the mean financial characteristics of different types of crop and livestock farms in the U.S. in 2005.  The eighteen farm types are:  poultry, beef cattle, hogs, dairy, general livestock, general cash grain, wheat, corn, soybean, grain sorghum, rice, tobacco, cotton, peanut, general crop, fruits and tree nuts, vegetables, and nursery and greenhouse.  Significant, two-way statistical differences in mean farm income statement and farm balance sheet variables are highlighted.  Results provide a general indication of the comparative profitability, liquidity, solvency, and financial efficiency of different types of U. S. crop and livestock farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm type; ARMS data; Financial characteristics; Financial ratios; 2005; Agricultural Finance; Production Economics; Q12; Q14; D21.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55780

COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF CANADIAN CO-OPERATIVES, INVESTOR-OWNED FIRMS, AND INDUSTRY NORMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Andrea; Fulton,   Murray E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31783

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF FOOD-PROCESSING COOPERATIVES AND INVESTOR-OWNED FIRMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lerman,   Zvi; Parliament,   Claudia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13455

Comparative Public Support for Conserving Reptile Species is High: Australian Evidence and its Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Wilson,   Clevo; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This paper investigates factors influencing the public’s support for conservation of tropical reptile species in a focal group drawing on Australian data and an experiment involving a sample of the Australian public. The influences of the likeability of the species, their degree of endangerment, ethical considerations as well as knowledge are examined and found to be important. Likeability is found to be much less important than the existing literature suggests. This is highlighted by comparing the likeability of the focal group of reptiles with that for a group of birds and a group of mammals with differences in willingness to pay for their conservation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Endangerment; Ethics; Knowledge; Likeability; Reptiles; WTP (willingness to pay); Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51412

COMPARATIVE RESEARCH: CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES
Provedor de dados: 31
First Annual Conference on Agricultural Policy and the Environment; Proceedings of a Conference Sponsored by University of Minnesota, Center for International Food and Agricultural Policy; Agricultural Development Regional Agency (ESAV); University of Padova, Motta di Livenza, Italy, June 19-23, 1989, Volume IV  Contents:  Land Use and Incentive Schemes for Nonpoint Pollution Control, by Ted Graham-Tomasi and Arthur Wiese  Land Use and Environmental Quality: A Case Study, by Giuseppe Stellin  Groundwater Pollution and Minnesota's Agriculture, by Bill Easter and John Waelti  Modelling Pesticide and Herbicide Health Impacts: Is an Agricultural "Superfund" Coming?, by C. Ford Runge and Gary Krieger
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13433

Comparative Research Designs in the Study of Regulation: How to Increase the Number of Cases Without Compromising the Strengths of Case-Oriented Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levi-Faur,   David.
The aims of this paper are to explore the role of variations and commonalities in Medium-N comparative analysis and to suggest a technique that could maximize their explanatory power in the context of medium-N comparative designs, especially those designs that combine two or more comparative approaches to the study of regulatory change. The paper identifies four popular comparative approaches to the study of politics and policy in general and regulation in particular. These four might best be titled the National Patterns Approach (NPA), the Policy Sector Approach (PSA), the International Regime Approach (IRA), and the Temporal Patterns Approach (TPA). While these approaches are not necessarily contradictory they represent different assumptions as to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30695

Comparative Risk Projects: A Methodology for Cross-Project Analysis of Human Health Risk Rankings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Konisky,   David M.
Public agencies at all levels of government have conducted comparative risk projects to inform environmental priority-setting efforts. Using the analytic policy tool, comparative risk analysis (CRA), most projects have ranked environmental problems in terms of the relative risks they pose to human health and other endpoints. Differences in project design complicate cross-project analysis of the risk ranking results. This paper discusses important project design variations that complicate cross-project analysis and presents a methodology that provides a simple, straightforward approach for comparing risk ranking results that overcomes some of these project-specific idiosyncrasies. The methodology provides a mechanism to help practitioners of CRA determine...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative risk analysis; Human health risk rankings; Environmental health priorities; Cross-project analysis; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10474

COMPARATIVE STATICS OF MONEY-GOODS SPECIFICATIONS OF THE UTILITY FUNCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paris,   Quirino; Caputo,   Michael R.
The introduction of real-cash balances into the neoclassical model of the consumer wrecks havoc, in general, on the empirically observable refutable comparative statics properties of the model.  We provide the most general solution of this problem to date by deriving a symmetric and negative semidefinite generalized Slutsky matrix that is empirically observable and which contains all other such comparative statics results as a special case.  In addition, we clarify and correct two aspects of Samuelson and Sato’s (1984) treatment of this problem.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11953

Comparing Alternative Policies to Reduce Traffic Accidents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper derives and implements formulas for the welfare effects of differentiated and uniform mileage taxes, gasoline taxes, and per mile insurance premiums, for reducing the external costs of passenger vehicle accidents. The model distinguishes three driver groups and five vehicle groups, and we obtain estimates of external accident costs per mile for each group from crash data. The (average) external accident cost is estimated at 2.2-6.6 cents per mile. Accidents costs differ substantially across drivers of different ages, but only moderately across different vehicles groups. Annual welfare gains from a mileage tax differentiated across drivers and vehicles according to marginal external costs are $9.4 billion in the benchmark case. The uniform...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Traffic accidents; External costs; Pricing policies; Insurance reform; Public Economics; R48; H22; H23.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10674

COMPARING END-USE VALUES FOR NORTH DAKOTA HARD RED SPRING WHEAT VARIETIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lambert,   David K.; Wilson,   William W.
Markets for agricultural products may be inefficient when signals do not adequately reflect product characteristics important to market participants.  Although preferences can be explicitly stated through price premiums or characteristic values can be determined via hedonic methods, the problem is compounded when product quality information is costly to obtain.  Bundling of quality traits by variety can serve to signal product quality.  A procedure is developed in this paper to derive the value of different varieties in meeting buyer demands.  An application to the hard red spring market wheat both validates the ability of the procedure to distinguish among varieties, as well as provides empirical support to the existence of Akerlof's lemon market in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural markets; Product quality; Distance functions; Wheat; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23657

Comparing Farm and Village-Level Determinant of Millet Diversity in Marginal Environments of India: The Context of Seed Systems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nagarajan,   Latha; Smale,   Melinda; Glewwe,   Paul.
The purpose of the research paper is to characterize biological diversity related to millets in the semi-arid regions of India at various spatial scales of analysis (e.g., farm household versus community levels) and place that evidence in a broader seed systems (includes both formal and informal) context. An important finding of this research is that producer access to millet genetic resources is affected by the extent to which seed is traded via formal markets or through other social institutions, along with farm and household characteristics. Findings also underscore the need for an enhanced theoretical understanding of local seed markets in analyzing crop variety choices and the diversity of materials grown in less favored environments.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Millet diversity; Seed systems; Local markets; Crop diversity; Biological diversity; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59235

Comparing Income Potential From Competing Crops at any Price
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cobia,   David W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Marketing.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23195

COMPARING MEASURES OF COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frohberg,   Klaus; Hartmann,   Monika.
In their Europe Agreements with the EU, the Central and Eastern European countries stated their intention of joining the Union. To ease the process of accession these countries must adjust their economies already prior to becoming an EU-member. Agriculture requires special attention, because it still represents a large share of the total economy in these countries. A better understanding of the competitiveness of agricultural products at domestic and EU markets is essential for providing the necessary economic framework to make the process of joining the EU as smooth as possible. Competitiveness can be analyzed at various levels of the economy: at the enterprise level, the sector level, or the level of the entire economy. Several measures exist for each of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14879

Comparing numerical methods for solving the competitive storage model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gouel,   Christophe.
This paper compares numerical methods for solving the competitive storage model. Since storage implies an inequality constraint, the solution methods must be considered carefully. The model is solved using value function iteration, and several projection approaches, including parameterised expectations and decision rules approximation. Using a penalty function approach to smooth the inequality constraint, perturbation methods are also applied. Parameterised expectations proves the most accurate method, while perturbation techniques are shown inadequate for solving this highly nonlinear model. The endogenous grid method allows rapid solution if supply is assumed to be inelastic.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Binding constraint; Nonlinear rational expectations models; Numerical methods; Agricultural and Food Policy; C63; D84; E37.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115430

Comparing Pension Schemes in Chile, Singapore, Brazil and South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barrientos,   Armando.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30560

Comparing Predictors of Diet Quality in Canada Over Time Under Consideration of Altering Food Guides
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drescher,   Larissa S.; Goddard,   Ellen W.
Latest data on the diet of Canadians from the Canadian Community Health Survey reveals that the diet quality of Canadians needs improvement. Within this paper predictors of diet quality in Canada are identified based on two cross-sectional data sets from the Canadian Food Expenditure Survey. To measure diet quality, the Canadian Healthy Food Diversity (CanHFD)-Index is developed which is based on Food Guide recommendations. Moreover, this paper considers that the Food Guide between survey years has changed when analyzing diet quality. To track changes in demand for diet quality we use “Canada’s Food Guide 1982” to calculate CanHFD-Index for 1984 and 1996. Changes in demand for diet quality according to “Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating 1992” are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diet quality; Healthy food diversity; Canada; Food Guides; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D12; D13; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52091

Comparing Price and Non-price Approaches to Urban Water Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olmstead,   Sheila M.; Stavins,   Robert N.
Urban water conservation is typically achieved through prescriptive regulations, including the rationing of water for particular uses and requirements for the installation of particular technologies. A significant shift has occurred in pollution control regulations toward market-based policies in recent decades. We offer an analysis of the relative merits of market-based and prescriptive approaches to water conservation, where prices have rarely been used to allocate scarce supplies. The analysis emphasizes the emerging theoretical and empirical evidence that using prices to manage water demand is more cost-effective than implementing non-price conservation programs, similar to results for pollution control in earlier decades. Price-based approaches also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness; Water Conservation; Market-based Approaches; Policy Instrument Choice; Water Price; Q25; Q28; Q58; L95.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42919

Comparing Regulatory Systems: Institutions, Processes and Legal Forms in Industrialised Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogus,   Anthony.
The aim of this paper is identify and compare the key features of regulatory systems in industrialised countries. By way of essential background, the first section deals with the constitutional and cultural environment which underpins the systems, but it also includes a discussion of regulatory traditions and styles which, for example as between anglophone and continental European regimes are significantly different. Institutional frameworks are discussed in the second section, covering, inter alia, the relationship between regulatory agencies and government, the breadth of remit of regulatory institutions and the degree of discretion conferred on them by legislation. The latter necessarily gives rise to issues concerning the forms of and institutions of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30609

Comparing Tax and Tax Reallocations Payments in Financing Rail Noise Abatement Programs: Results from a CE valuation study in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Travisi,   Chiara M.
The paper examines the use of choice experiments (CE) to assess the economic value of alternative rail noise reduction interventions on the so-called Brennero railway, Italy. The novelty of this paper is threefold. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the valuation of noise conducted in Italy and it is the first example of CE applied in the field of rail noise valuation. Second, we consider not only the economic value assessment of noise reduction but also how this reduction is achieved, ranging from policy instruments such as barriers or train technology. Third, the paper provides an original contribution in the valuation literature since we test formally the econometric robustness of the CE estimates under three payment vehicles. In fact, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12210

Comparing the Effectiveness of Regulation and Pro-Social Emotions to Enhance Cooperation: Experimental Evidence from Fishing Communities in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lopez,   Maria Claudia; Murphy,   James J.; Spraggon,   John M.; Stranlund,   John K.
This paper presents the results from a series of framed field experiments conducted in fishing communities off the Caribbean coast of Colombia. The goal is to investigate the relative effectiveness of exogenous regulatory pressure and pro-social emotions in promoting cooperative behavior in a public goods context. The random public revelation of an individual’s contribution and its consequences for the rest of the group leads to significantly higher public good contributions and social welfare than regulatory pressure, even under regulations that are designed to motivate fully efficient contributions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public goods; Field experiments; Pro-social emotions; Social dilemma; Regulation; Enforcement.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C93; H41; Q20; Q28.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53126

Comparing the Efficiency of Alternative Policies for Reducing Traffic Congestion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper compares the efficiency of a single lane toll, a congestion tax applied uniformly across freeway lanes, a gasoline tax, and a transit fare subsidy at reducing traffic congestion. The model incorporates a variety of conditions required to reach an efficient outcome. These include conditions for the efficient allocation of travel among competing modes, travel at peak versus off-peak periods, and drivers with high and low time costs sorted onto faster and slower freeway lanes. Each policy violates some or all of the efficiency conditions. Under wide parameter scenarios, the single lane toll, gasoline tax, and transit subsidy forgo at least two thirds of the efficiency gains under an "ideal" congestion tax that varies across lanes. In contrast, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Externalities; Efficiency effects; Congestion taxes; Single lane tolls; Rail subsidies; Gasoline taxes; Public Economics; R41; R48; D62.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10517

Comparing the Marginal Excess Burden of Labor, Petrol, Cigarette, and Alcohol Taxes: An Application to the United Kingdom
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parry,   Ian W.H.
This paper develops an analytical framework for comparing the marginal excess burden (MEB) of labor taxes and various commodity taxes, allowing for externalities and interactions between the taxes, and applies the analysis to the United Kingdom. Due to parameter uncertainty and model simplifications the results should be viewed with caution, nonetheless there are some useful insights. For example, even though taxes on petrol and cigarettes confer externality benefits, and these goods are relatively weak leisure substitutes, the MEB of these taxes may substantially exceed that of the labor income tax, except under "high" scenarios for externality benefits. In contrast the MEB for alcohol taxes may be smaller than that of the labor tax, though it is still...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Welfare cost; Labor tax; Cigarette tax; Alcohol tax; Petrol tax; Externalities; Political Economy; H21; H23; Q28.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10860

COMPARING THE PERFORMANCES OF THE PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM AND TIME-SERIES APPROACHES TO HEDGING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bryant,   Henry L.; Haigh,   Michael S.
This research compares partial equilibrium and statistical time-series approaches to hedging.  The finance literature stresses the former approach, while the applied economics literature has focused on the latter.  We compare the out-of-sample hedging effectiveness of the two approaches when hedging commodity price risk using futures contracts.  For various methods of parameter estimation and inference, we find that the partial equilibrium models cannot out-perform a vector error-correction model with a GARCH error structure.  The partial equilibrium models' unpalatable assumption of deterministically evolving futures volatility seems to impede their hedging effectiveness, even when potentially foresighted option-implied volatility term structures are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28580

Comparing the Profitability of Beef Production Enterprises in North Dakota
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Little,   Randall D.; Watt,   David L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Production Economics.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23349

COMPARING THE PROFITABILITY OF CASSAVA-BASED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN THREE WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES: COTE D'IVOIRE, GHANA AND NIGERIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Camara,   Youssouf; Staatz,   John M.; Crawford,   Eric W.
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cassava-producing countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, and Côte d'Ivoire have developed, in recent years, a renewed interest in cassava as an alternative food crop.  This has led to a major expansion in cassava-based production systems in Nigeria and Ghana, whereas there has been a slower growth in Côte d'Ivoire (Nweke et al., 1998).  This paper is based on the argument that the difference in various factors such as agricultural policies (i.e., trade and price policies, domestic production taxes or subsidies), location and technologies (production and processing) between Nigeria, Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire the difference in the level of growth in cassava-based production systems.  The paper examines, using the Policy Analysis Matrix...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11593

COMPARING VILLAGE CHARACTERISTICS DERIVED FROM RAPID APPRAISALS AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS: A TALE FROM NORTHERN MALI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Christiaensen,   Luc J.M.; Hoddinott,   John; Bergeron,   Gilles.
This paper investigates whether inferences drawn about a population are sensitive to the manner by which those data are obtained. It compares information obtained using participatory appraisal techniques with a survey of households randomly drawn from a locally administered census that had been carefully revised. The community map tends to include household members who do not, in fact, reside in the enumerated locality. By contrast, the revised official census is slightly more likely to exclude household members who actually lived in the surveyed area. Controlling for the survey technique, we find that the revised official census produces higher estimates of average household size and wealth but lower estimates of total village size or wealth, than the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16453

Comparing Yields and Profitability in MADER's High- and Low-Input Maize Programs: 1997/98 Survey Results and Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Jeje,   Jose Jaime; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Boughton,   Duncan.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Maize; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56038

Comparison of 2002 Census and  KFMA Farms
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Langemeier,   Michael R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117977

Comparison of Alternative Safety Net Programs for the 2000 Farm Bill
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schumann,   Keith D.; Feldman,   Paul A.; Richardson,   James W.; Smith,   Edward G.
As Congress begins its debate for the 2002 farm bill, there have been calls for a counter cyclical safety net that will provide a better basis for targeting longer term planning than exists with ad hoc emergency assistance. Further subsidization of the multi-peril crop insurance (MPCI) program has been proposed, as well as reliance on a farm and ranch risk management (FARRM) account to help farmers. A whole farm revenue income support program and several variations of national income supplement programs have been put forward. A comprehensive analysis of different safety net alternatives using a common methodology is needed so farmers and policy makers can make objective comparisons. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively analyze the economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42781

Comparison of Funding and Demand for the Conservation of the Charismatic Koala with those for the Critically Endangered Wombat Lasiorhinus krefftii
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
This study contrasts the actual conservation spending and the Australian public’s demand for conservation funding for two Australian mammal species, the koala and the northern hairy-nosed wombat. It involves a survey of 204 members of the Australian public. Willingness to fund conservation action to protect the northern hairy-nosed wombat was found to be higher than that for the koala despite the koala’s immense popularity. The critically endangered status of the northern-hairy nosed wombat and the more secure conservation status of the koala is a factor likely to have influenced the comparative willingness-to-pay decisions. Actual annual conservation expenditure for both species is lower than the estimated aggregate willingness-to-pay for their...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Charismatic fauna; Conservation demand; Conservation funding; Contingent valuation; Endangerment; Koala; Lasiorhinus krefftii; Northern hairy-nosed wombat; Phascolarctos cinereus; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55067

COMPARISON OF MICHIGAN FARMLAND RETURNS TO NONFARM  INVESTMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hepp,   Ralph E.
Farmland is both a financial investment and a production resource when it is used by the farm family in generating income for the business.  The resource is used in producing crops for sale or feed for animals.  The basic choices for controlling land are ownership and lease.  Land leases allows the control of land for income generation, but it does not allow the lessor to participation in the investment characteristics of the property.  Land ownership provides a means for gaining income for the business as well as capital gains for the owner's wealth accumulation. Agricultural land prices increased for almost 50 years until the agricultural financial crisis in the 1980's halted the upward movement in values.  From 1981 to 1987, Michigan farmland prices...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11825

COMPARISON OF PRICES FOR 'ORGANIC' AND 'CONVENTIONAL' GRAINS AND SOYBEANS IN THE NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS AND UPPER MIDWEST: 1995 TO 2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bertramsen,   Sherry K.; Dobbs,   Thomas L.
Prices farmers receive for 'organically grown' and 'conventionally grown' corn, wheat, oats, and soybeans are compared in this report. Monthly prices for the years 1995 through 2000 are shown.  Yearly average prices and ratios of organic to conventional prices also are presented for those years.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32034

Comparison of the Counter Cyclical Program to a Proposed Counter Cyclical Revenue Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Richardson,   James W.; Outlaw,   Joe L.
The Secretary of Agriculture recently provided Congress with a report entitled “2007 Farm Bill Proposals” prepared by USDA. The report contains a large number of proposed changes to the 2002 Farm Bill, which could directly impact the incomes of crop producers. One such proposal calls for replacing the counter cyclical payment (CCP) program with a counter cyclical revenue (CCR) program.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42085

COMPARISONS OF HISPANIC HOUSEHOLDS' DEMAND FOR MEAT WITH OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanfranco,   Bruno A.; Ames,   Glenn C.W.; Huang,   Chung L.
The objective of this research was to analyze the demand patterns of Hispanic households for meats in comparison with other ethnic groups using data from the 1998 Consumer Expenditure Survey. A system of demand equations of the LinQuad form were estimated for ten meat products using an incomplete system of censored equations. Hispanic households showed a clear preference for beef. Price, income and household size elasticities were estimated for each meat product by ethnic group. The demand for ground beef was the most income inelastic product regardless of ethnicity. Household size had a positive effect on the probability of consuming a particular meat product but a negative effect on actual item expenditures.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16710

Compendium of Economic and Trade Indicators by Region, 1960 to 2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sandri,   Damiano; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Anderson,   Kym.
-
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48325

Compensation for the taking of Resource Interests: Practices in Relation to the Wet Tropics and Fraser Island, General Principles and their Relevance to the Extension of Dugong Protected Areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Loss of private rights; Dugong; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53639

COMPENSATION FOR WILDLIFE DAMAGE: HABITAT CONVERSION, SPECIES PRESERVATION AND LOCAL WELFARE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rondeau,   Daniel; Bulte,   Erwin H.
We study the environmental and economic consequences of introducing a program to compensate peasants of a small economy for the damage caused by wildlife. We show that the widely held belief that compensation induces wildlife conservation may be erroneous. In a partially open economy, compensation can lower the wildlife stock and result in a net welfare loss for local people. In an open economy, compensation can trigger wildlife extinction and also reduce welfare. The conditions leading to a reduction of the wildlife stock are identified and the implications for current and planned compensation programs are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18158

COMPETENCE ACQUISITION IN RETAIL FOOD: EFFICIENT CONSUMER RESPONSE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marcus,   Alfred; Spielmann,   Brian; Qu,   Lu.
Based on interviews with retail food store managers and a subsequent survey, this paper traces the pathways that spawn competence acquisition in the retail food industry.  It finds that having an essential capability for learning, that is, obtaining new ideas, concepts, methods, tends to breed competencies in a number of areas which are of both business and social significance. In this study, the capacity of this essential capability to generate competencies in efficient consumer response (ECR) and environmental management (EM) are examined.  These competencies have attracted the attention of the retail food industry in its efforts to become more competitive with alternative retail food channels.  The results show that firms possessing the essential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14345

COMPETING AT THE "CUTTING EDGE": OPPORTUNITIES FOR AGRIBUSINESS PARTNERSHIPS AND CO-OPERATION IN THE SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Rooyen,   C.J.; Esterhuizen,   Dirk; Doyer,   Ockert T.
What are the opportunities for agricultural business, trade and co-operation in Southern Africa and, in particular, South Africa and Zimbabwe - two of the most significant economies in the SADC region?  The competitiveness status of agribusiness - from a global viewpoint - in sixteen food and fibre supply chains in Zimbabwe and South Africa is determined in this study using the Revealed Comparative Advantage method of Balassa.  Based on this status, there is potential in certain agro-food chains for supply chain integration and cooperation between agribusinesses in South Africa and Zimbabwe.  Such partnerships will improve competitiveness and will allow agribusinesses to compete at the "cutting edge" in the global environment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18024

Competing Coalitions in International Monetary Policy Games
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kohler,   Marion.
In Kohler (2002) we analyse coalition formation in monetary policy coordination games between n countries. We find that positive spillovers of the coalition formation process and the resulting free-rider problem limit the stable coalition size: since the coalition members are bound by the union's discipline, an outsider can successfully export inflation without fearing that the insiders will try to do the same. In this paper, based on the same model, we allow countries to join competing coalitions. The formation of a large currency bloc is not sustainable since it would impose too much discipline on all participants. However, the co-existence of several smaller currency blocs may be a second-best solution to the free-riding problem of monetary policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Currency unions; International policy coordination; Free-riding; Coalition formation; Financial Economics; F33; F42.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26274

COMPETING FOR SCARCE LAND: FOOD SECURITY AND FARMLAND PRESERVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tweeten,   Luther G.
Projections indicate the world is entering a new era of tighter food supply relative to demand than in recent decades.  Although urban areas in the U.S. occupy only 3 percent of the nation's land, the average state supplies too small a share of global food needs to motivate it to preserve land for food security.  Citizens like open spaces, but scenic areas are preferred to farmland.  Thus, if preserving land for future needs is important, the issue must be addressed at the national and international level as well as the state level.  Statistical analysis indicates most U.S. farmland transferred to other uses has been the result of unprofitability of farming rather than the result of urban encroachment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28325

Competing Visions of U.S. Agriculture: Can We Have Our Cake and Eat It Too in Reforming Federal Farm Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobbs,   Thomas L.
Two alternative visions for U.S. agriculture are described—“the global competitiveness vision” and the “sustainable agriculture vision”—together with farm policy reform proposals associated with each vision. The USDA’s proposed policy reforms (released in January 2007) also are briefly explained and compared to those of groups associated with the global competitiveness and sustainable agriculture visions. The author closes the article with a discussion of the compatibility of different reform proposals and the challenges of passing legislation containing major policy reform.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm policy; Conservation; Agri-environmental programs; U.S. farm bill; Sustainable agriculture; Multifunctionality; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7318

Competition Among Rent Seeking Groups in General Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Graham-Tomasi,   Theodore.
A two sector general equilibrium model is developed in which households can influence the government's choice of the relative price of traded goods and the level of public goods supplied to each sector. The model is used to illustrate key problems addressed by the political economy literature, modeling issues that arise, and the nature of insights that can be obtained that traditional approaches cannot discern.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General equilibrium; Political economy; Rent seeking; Lobbying; Political Economy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7483

Competition and Car Longevity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hamilton,   Bruce W.; MacAuley,   Molly K.
We examine determinants of the nearly 30 percent increase in the average age of domestically produced, registered automobiles since the mid-1960s. We find that very little of the increase in car longevity is attributable to improvements in the inherent durability of cars. Rather, we find that the temporal pattern of longevity improvement is highly correlated with the level of market concentration in the auto industry. In particular, we argue that the arrival of competition in the industry led to an increase in longevity largely by forcing a reduction in the price of auto maintenance and repair, which in turn induced consumers to maintain their cars into older age.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market concentration; Automobile industry; Scrappage models; Public Economics; L1; L9.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10581

Competition and Evolution in Economics and Ecology Compared
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial economics; Species interdependence; Industrial evolution; Biological evolution; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90506

Competition and Its Regulation: Key Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Paul.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30627

Competition and Regulation via Supply and Demand Functions in Oligopolistic-Oligopsonistic Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bulut,   Harun; Koray,   Semih.
Paper removed at the request of the primary author, Feb. 10, 2014.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand function equilibria; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6136

Competition, Cultural Autonomy and Global Governance: The Audio-Visual Sector in Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perino,   Grischa; Schulze,   Gunther G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26099

Competition, Cultural Variety and Global Governance: The Case of the Egyptian Audiovisual System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghoneim,   Ahmed Farouk.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26109

Competition, Cultural Variety and Global Governance: The Case of the UK Audiovisual System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doyle,   Gillian; Hibberd,   Matthew.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26120

Competition, Evolution and Optimisation: Comparisons of Models in Economics and Ecology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Discusses concepts of competition in economics and ecology and the relevance of evolution to both subjects. It is suggested that although speciation or increasing biodiversity tends to occur in undisturbed ecological systems, the opposite trend may occur in economic systems. Competition based on optimisation plays a significant role in theories of the evolution of species and some theories of the evolution of business or industrial structures. But evolution does not result in optimal selection of species or businesses for the future, and there is scope for doubt about what is being optimised by survivors in the evolutionary process. Ecological or biological theories of intra-specific competition involving scramble and contest competition are outlined and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biology; Competition; Evolution; Market development; Optimisation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48384

COMPETITION FOR LAND AND THE FUTURE OF AMERICAN AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14169

Competition In or For the Field: Which Is Better?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Engel,   Eduardo M.R.A.; Fischer,   Ronald; Galetovic,   Alexander.
In many circumstances, a principal, who wants prices to be as low as possible, must contract with agents who would like to charge the monopoly price. This paper compares a Demsetz auction, which awards an exclusive contract to the agent bidding the lowest price (competition for the field) with having two agents provide the good under (imperfectly) competitive conditions (competition in the field). We obtain a simple sufficient condition showing unambiguously which option is best. The condition depends only on the shapes of the surplus function of the principal and the profit function of agents, and is independent of the particular duopoly game played ex post. We apply this condition to three canonical examples-procurement, royalty contracts and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demsetz auction; Double marginalization; Franchising; Joint vs. separate auctions; Monopoly; Procurement; Dealerships; Royalty contracts; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D44; L12; L92.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28406

Competition in the International Wheat Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23326

Competition Intensity, Potential Competition and Transaction Cost Economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Busse,   Matthias.
As the process of globalisation of the world economy progresses, the degree of international competition among enterprises increases as well. Yet not all industries or branches are affected to the same extent by this development. One of the most important factors which determine the degree of globalisation of an industry is the level of transaction costs. Whereas low transaction costs tend to result in globalised markets, high transaction costs induce segmented markets. Because they may also indicate the degree of potential competition, transaction costs can be of great importance for competition authorities in the case of corporate mergers and acquisitions. Heterogeneous consumer preferences and product differentiation, as two additional determinants of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Potential competition; Competition policy; International Relations/Trade; F00; F13; D23.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26168

Competition Law and SMES: Exploring the Competitor/Competition Debate in a Developing Democracy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kampel,   Kim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30655

COMPETITION POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: MacLaren,   Donald; Josling,   Timothy E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14585

Competition Policy and the Legal System in Brazil: The Experience of the Steel Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Paula,   Germano Mendes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30597

Competition Policy in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Cassey.
Malaysia does not have a national competition law. Competition is regulated at the sectoral level in the country. Two economic sectors have legal provisions for competition law but these have been relatively ineffectively enforced. The benefits of Malaysia's industrial policy as well as the policy reforms in regulation and trade have been compromised by the lack of a formal institution to address competition related issues. Hence, the future priority and direction of regulatory reform is obvious -- the country needs to implement a competition law and build the related institutions and capacities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30706

Competition Policy, Market Power and Collusion in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Paul.
The paper aims to examine some of the critical factors that make the implementation of effective competition policy difficult in developing countries. The paper begins by reviewing the variety of factors that have accounted for the rise in interest in promoting competition in developing countries over the past decade. It briefly reviews the various theoretical perspectives on competition as a background to understanding the range of approaches put forward for competition policy. A number of policy-related propositions, drawn from the theoretical literature, are examined and related to policy and practice in developing countries. The discussion focuses on the rivalry for the acquisition of assets in terms of entry and exit constraints and on the rivalry...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30681

Competition Policy Works: The Effect of Competition Policy on the Intensity of Competition - An International Cross-Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krakowski,   Michael.
This paper explores the relationship between competition policy, experience of the application of competition policy, the intensity of local competition and the standard of living. Perception data from the World Economic Forum is used to measure the intensity of local competition. Richer and larger countries in general introduce competition policy earlier than smaller and poorer countries, and industrialized countries earlier than Latin American, African, transition and Asian countries, in this order. A regression analysis for a sample of 101 countries reveals that experience and overall government effectiveness explain a substantial part of the perception of the effectiveness of antitrust policy. During the first years of (new) competition legislation the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition Policy; Effectiveness of legal instruments; International Relations/Trade; L40; K21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26259

Competition Regimes in Telecommunications and the International Trading System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koopmann,   Georg.
In most countries, competition in the telecommunications industry is subject to both sector-specific regulation and more general antitrust policies. At the same time, a process of international market liberalisation is under way in telecommunications which can only be truly effective - and further advance - if appropriate competitive safeguards are in place. Trading partners should agree on certain minimum standards to be observed in this area in order to better combat anticompetitive conduct and avoid international conflicts. The Reference Paper to the WTO Agreement on Basic Telecommunications is an important step in this direction and may also serve as a model for other network industries. It is a framework of rules which has to be filled with concrete...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regulation; Antitrust; Trade Negotiations; Services; International Relations/Trade; F13; L40; L50; L89.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26230

Competition, Regulation and Privatisation of Electricity Generation in Developing Countries: Does the Sequencing of the Reforms Matter?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   Yingang; Parker,   David; Kirkpatrick,   Colin.
Recent years have seen countries introducing reform of their utility industries with a view to promoting private ownership and competition. This paper studies the effect of the sequencing of privatisation, competition and regulation reforms in electricity generation using data from 25 developing countries for the period 1985 to 2001. A fixed effects panel data model is used. The study finds that establishing an independent regulatory authority and introducing competition before privatisation is correlated with higher electricity generation, higher generation capacity and, in the case of the sequence of competition before privatisation, improved capital utilisation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Privatisation; Competition; Regulation; Developing economies; Economic performance.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L33; L43; L44; L50; 012; O38; O50.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30599

Competition, Regulation and the Urban Poor: A Case Study of Water
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitlin,   Diana.
The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of regulation and competition policy upon low-income households. A further objective is to consider how regulatory and competition policies might help to reduce the scale and level of poverty. In order to narrow down the study to a manageable size, it has been decided to focus on a single sector. The chosen sector is water. Water has been selected because it is a basic need in maintaining life and improving well-being in the short, medium and long term. The water supply sector has a number of particular features: competition and regulatory issues are currently being reconsidered in the context of growing private sector participation, changes in competition and regulatory frameworks have been...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30606

Competition-Based Environmental Policy: An Analysis of Farmland Preservation in Maryland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Horowitz,   John K.; Lynch,   Lori; Stocking,   Andrew.
This paper studies bidder behavior in an innovative program in which farmers compete to sell their development rights to the State. We derive a reduced form bidding model that includes both private value and common value components. This model allows us to estimate the role of bidder competition, the winner’s curse correction, and the underlying distribution of private values. We find that competition reducelers adjust for a possible winner’s curse by increasing their bids by roughly 10 percent over their reservation values. Using the inferred reservation values, we compare this program to an alternative take-it-or-leave-it offer. We find that a take-it-or-leave-it offer of 50 percent of development values would have preserved more farmland for an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farmland preservation; First-price auctions; Interdependent values; Winners curse; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7340

COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS OF U.S. FOOD PROCESSING PLANTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayanthi,   Shekhar; Kocha,   Bart; Sinha,   Kingshuk K.
This paper presents a model-based approach for competitive analysis of manufacturing plants in the U. S. food processing industry. As part of this approach, plant competitiveness is measured using Operational Competitiveness Ratings Analysis (OCRA) -- a new non-parametric method of computing relative inefficiency. Drivers of competitiveness are identified in terms of policies related to plant structure and infrastructure. Policies related to plant structure are those decisions that are related with   "bricks and mortar" and have long term implications, such as decisions related to plant size and capacity. Policies related to plant infrastructure are decisions related to how the   " bricks and  mortar" are used. These policies are typically under the direct...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14333

COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE FOOD RETAILING INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Park,   Timothy A.; Weliwita,   Ananda.
We develop a flexible model to examine competitive conditions in the food retailing industry based on the Box-Cox transformation of the demand and industry equilibrium conditions.  The impact of key technological and market developments on shifts in the competitive index is examined.  Adoption of optical scanning technology was positively related to the market power index but the index was stable and consistent with competitive conditions over the 1982-1992 period.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market power; Food retailing; Box-Cox model; Technological innovations; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16680

COMPETITIVE BIDDING ON IMPORT TENDERS: THE CASE OF MINOR OILSEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Diersen,   Matthew A.
Auctions and bidding play an important role in agricultural marketing.  A common and noteworthy application of auctions and bidding is that of import tendering which is used for both price determination and the allocation of purchases among sellers.  In this study we develop a  model to evaluate bidding strategies and competition in Egyptian oilseeds imports. Information included the values of bids submitted by each supplier in each tender over the period 1990 to 1993.  Results indicate that generally bids could be predicted for all bidders with a relatively high degree of confidence using simple relationships and accessible data.  In addition, for each oil tender there appeared to be groups of bidders characterized by differences in their bid functions....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bidding; Auction; International Grain Competition; Grains; Importing; Marketing; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23421

Competitive Strategies of Dairy Processing Firms in Ireland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dobson,   William D.
This Discussion Paper summarizes (a) key elements of the competitive environment facing Ireland's dairy processors, (b) the overall dairy industry structure that has emerged in Ireland, and (c) the strategies of Ireland's dairy processing and exporting firms. The strategies employed by Ireland's dairy processors represent reasonable, orthodox adjustments to changes in the economic environment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ireland Dairy Firms; Ireland Dairy Industry; Irish Diary Processing Strategies; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37343

COMPETITIVENESS AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF TREE CROP SMALLHOLDINGS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kannapiran,   Chinna A.; Fleming,   Euan M.
The contribution by tree crop industries to economic development in Papua New Guinea (PNG) depends to a considerable extent on their economic efficiency in terms of competitiveness and comparative advantage of domestic production and export marketing. These advantages for the four major tree crop products - coffee, coconut, cocoa, and palm oil - are analysed in this study. The aim is to ascertain whether PNG is an efficient producer of these tree crop exports in terms of international competitiveness and comparative advantage, and whether these industries deserve continuing government support.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative advantage; Competitiveness; Devaluation; Traded goods; Tree crops; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12911

Competitiveness and Marketability of Vegetable Oils, Oilmeals, and Plant Equipment for Processing of Oilseeds and Oils in the Baltic States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agarwal,   Sanjeev; Wong,   John.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18700

Competitiveness of Broiler Producers in North America Under Alternative Free Trade Scenarios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golz,   Joel T.; Koo,   Won W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23395

COMPETITIVENESS OF CANADIAN AGRI-FOOD EXPORTS AGAINST COMPETITORS IN ASIA: 1980-97
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chen,   Kevin Z.; Duan,   Yufeng.
Asia is the second largest market for the Canadian agri-food exports after the United States market.  The competition in Asia has become more intensive in recent years as the agri-food sector in developed nations such as Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States has increasingly relied on exports for growth because of their own slow-growing domestic food consumption.  How did the performance of Canadian agri-food exports to Asia measure up to the performances of its main competitors?  This research attempts to identify Canada's competitiveness in agri-food exports to Asia, relative to Canada's main competitors.    The analysis is based on the 1980-97 trade data from the World Trade Analyzer (WTA), produced by the International Trade Division of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24042

Competitiveness of Kenyan and Ugandan Maize Production: Challenges for the Future
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nyoro,   James K.; Kirimi,   Lilian; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The purpose of this study is to assess the costs of maize production in Kenya and Uganda, starting from the fact that there is no single “cost of production” for maize. Cost of production varies according to region, the type of technology package employed, farmers’ management practices, and the weather. In light of this, the study disaggregates cost of production into seven region/technology categories, five in Kenya and two in eastern Uganda, in order to compare the relative competitiveness of maize among these regions and technology packages. Variations in cost of production within each region/technology category reflect differences in farmer management practices and micro-variability in soils and rainfall.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security; Food Policy; Kenya; Uganda; Maize Production; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55158

COMPETITIVENESS OF MILK AND WINE PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING IN ALBANIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin; Schreiber,   Catrin; Weingarten,   Peter.
This study provides an empirical assessment of the competitiveness of Albanian dairy and wine production, based on specifically collected survey data. For both product groups, the analysis is carried out on two levels: farm level production of raw material and processing and manufacturing of the final product in the food industry. In a third step, both levels are aggre-gated to analyse the competitiveness of the entire production chain for each product group. Overall, the wine sector appears in an economically more favourable situation than the milk sector. Although there is currently no relevant export of wine, there has been considerable in-vestment activity at the farm level and the harmonisation of quality standards with EU legislation is currently...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural sector; Competitiveness; Milk; Wine; Albania; P23; Q12; Q13; Agrarsektor; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Milch; Wein; Albanien; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14877

Competitiveness of Regional Sugar Production under Alternative Production Conditions and Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Taylor,   Richard D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23426

Compiling National, Multiregional and Regional Social Accounting Matrices for South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Schoor,   Melt; Punt,   Cecilia; McDonald,   Scott.
This report provides a technical description of the development of a set of Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) for South Africa for the base year 2000. The set of SAMs consists of a national SAM, four regional SAMs and a multiregional SAM. The point of departure is a National Accounting Matrix (NAM) for South Africa. The report discusses the structure of each type of SAM, the main data sources that were used and the way in which different sets of data were organised for inclusion in the SAM. Entropy techniques were used to estimate missing information in order to derive complete and consistent SAMs. The theory and practical implementation of the entropy techniques are discussed in this report. The large number of accounts included in the SAMs warranted that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D5.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58067

Complementarity of Labor Market Institutions, Equilibrium Unemployment and the Propagation of Business Cycles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burda,   Michael C.; Weder,   Mark.
This paper evaluates complementarities of labor market institutions and the business cycle in the context of a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model economy. Matching between workers and vacancies with endogenous time spent in search, Nash-bargained wages, payroll taxation, and differential support for unemployed labor in search and leisure are central aspects of the model. For plausible regions of the policy and institutional parameter space, the model exhibits more persistence than standard RBC models and can exhibit indeterminacy of rational expectations paths without increasing returns in production. Furthermore, labor market institutions act in a complementary fashion in generating these effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26367

COMPLETING FINAN &amp; NET WORTH STATEMENTS – SOME ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schwab,   Gerald; Betz,   Roger; Wittenberg,   Eric.
We welcome all Michigan State University Extension (MSU-E) agents embarking upon a journey to improve the accuracy and usefulness of Michigan farm record data.  We believe that analysis of accurate farm records will enable the farm owner/operator(s) to use his/her (their) farm records as a diagnostic tool that in turn can provide a benchmark for planning.  We do recognize that this activity requires a time commitment from the MSU-E agent and also a willingness to bear some responsibility in improving the accuracy and consistency of the farm record database.  It is to this problem of farm record consistency that this paper is addressed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11696

Completion Report of the Asian Agricultural Research Project (Contract No. AID/ASIA-C-1456)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pray,   Carl E.; Ruttan,   Vernon W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8439

Complex Policy Choices about Agricultural Externalities: Efficiency, Equity and Acceptability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
A feature of the research contribution of Konrad Hagedorn is his proposals for the integration of economic, social and political dimensions of agricultural policy. His wholistic approach involves, in part, an extension of new institutionalism to public policy. This article identifies a number of difficulties that arise in choosing public policies for regulating externalities generated by agricultural activity. First, it is noted that finding an economically efficient agricultural policy can be difficult because the functions involved can be irregular – they may involve features associated with the mathematics of catastrophe. This adds to the complexity of public decision-making and adds to the bounds in rational choice. Secondly, in the light of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Public policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55107

COMPLIANCE BIAS IN DICHOTOMOUS CHOICE CVM:  SOME EVIDENCE FROM A UTAH WILDERNESS STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Keith,   John E.; Fawson,   Christopher B.
Responses to a dichotomous choice contingent valuation (DCCV) of wilderness designation in Utah were used to determine if individuals who identified themselves as having no opinion or being neutral to wilderness designation in general and for two specific wilderness proposals would have nonnegative willingness to pay for such designation. In cases for which a sufficient number of observations permitted estimation, the estimated willingness to pay was positive and significantly different from zero and often exceeded that of individuals who identified themselves as supporting wilderness designation. This appears to support the contention that DCCV studies may generate values from respondents whether or not those respondents truly have positive willingness to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28359

COMPONENT PRICING OF PRODUCER MILK: A YIELD-BASED MODEL FOR THE CHEESE INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coggins,   Jay S.; Hammond,   Jerome W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14254

Comportamento dos Mercados Grossistas de Grão de Milho Branco Durante o Ano 2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdula,   Danilo Carimo.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56052

COMPOSED ERROR MODEL FOR INSECT DAMAGE FUNCTIONS: YIELD IMPCT OF ROTATION RESISTANT WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM IN ILLINOIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mitchell,   Paul D.; Gray,   Michael E.; Steffey,   Kevin L.
This paper describes a composed error model for estimating the conditional distribution of yield loss to serve as an insect damage function. The two-part error separates yield variability due to pest damage from other non-pest factors such as soil heterogeneity, non-uniform application of agronomic practices, and measurement errors. Various common functional forms (linear, quadratic, Cobb-Douglas, negative exponential, hyperbolic, sigmoid) for the pest damage function are presented and parameter estimation is described. As an empirical illustration, the model is used to estimate a damage function for corn rootworm, the most damaging insect pest of corn in the United States. The estimated damage function gives expected proportional yield loss as a function...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24020

Composition of North Dakota's Economic Base: A Regional Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coon,   Randal C.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Hertsgaard,   Thor A.
The economic base of North Dakota and its eight substate regions has changed over the past couple of decades. This report takes an in-depth look at the economic base for each of these areas over the 1958-1984 period. Each of the regions has a unique composition of basic activities that have been responsible for its growth. Natural resource related activities, either in the form of agricultural or energy production, have been the largest source of real economic growth within the state. The purpose of this report is to identify the components of the economic base at substate levels and to show the changes in relative composition for these activities. Price and production data are presented to support and explain the changes that have occurred.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Production Economics.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23316

Comprendre et Reduire la Malnutrition au Mali: Resultats de Recherches Preliminaires du Projet sur les Liens entre la Nutrition Infantile et la Croissance Agricole (LICNAG)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tefft,   James F.; Kelly,   Valerie A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 16.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11421

Compte Rendu de la Reunion du Comite Technique de Coordination des Politiques de Securite Alimentaire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staatz,   John M.; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
PRESIDENCE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, REPUBLIQUE DU MALI UN PEUPLE UN BUT UNE FOI, COMMISSARIAT A LA SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE; COMITE TECHNIQUE DE COORDINATION DES POLITIQUES DE SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE; SECRETARIAT TECHNIQUE
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mali; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55815

Compte rendu de la Réunion sur la Proposition du Programme de Renforcement des Capacités de sécurité alimentaire au niveau des communes, cercles et régions du PASIDMA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staatz,   John M.; Dembele,   Niama Nango.
Presidence De La Republique; Republique Du Mali Un Peuple Un But Une Foi; Commissariat A La Securite Alimentaire; Comite Technique De Coordination Des Politiques De Securite Alimentaire; Secretariat Technique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mali; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55813

Computational Complexity in Additive Hedonic Games
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sung,   Shao Chin; Dimitrov,   Dinko.
We investigate the computational complexity of several decision problems in hedonic coalition formation games and demonstrate that attaining stability in such games remains NP-hard even when they are additive. Precisely, we prove that when either core stability or strict core stability is under consideration, the existence problem of a stable coalition structure is NP-hard in the strong sense. Furthermore, the corresponding decision problems with respect to the existence of a Nash stable coalition structure and of an individually stable coalition structure turn out to be NP-complete in the strong sense.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additive Preferences; Coalition Formation; Computational Complexity; Hedonic Games; NP-hard; NP-complete; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C63; C70; C71; D02; D70; D71.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46655

COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR POVERTY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Datt,   Gaurav.
This paper introduces some relatively simple computational tools for estimating poverty measures from the sort of data that are typically available from published sources. All that is required for using these tools is an elementary regression package. The methodology also easily lends itself to a number of poverty simulations that are discussed. The paper addresses the central question: How do we construct poverty measures from grouped data? Two broad approaches are examined: simple interpolation methods and methods based on parameterized Lorenz curves. The second method is examined in detail.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94862

Computer and Internet Use by Great Plains Farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Aaron D.; Morrison Paul,   Catherine J.; Goe,   W. Richard; Kenney,   Martin.
We use data from a 2001 survey of Great Plains farmers to explore the adoption, usage patterns, and perceived benefits of computers and the Internet. Our adoption results suggest that exposure to the technology through college, outside employment, friends, and family is ultimately more influential than farmer age and farm size. Notably, about half of those who use the Internet for farm-related business report zero economic benefits from it. Whether a farmer perceives that the Internet generates economic benefits depends primarily on how long the farmer has used the Internet for farm business and for what purposes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11947

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL FARM MANAGEMENT; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciani,   Adriano.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14397

Computer Technology Adoption By Canadian Farm Businesses: An Analysis Based on the 2001 Census of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sabuhoro,   Jean Bosco; Wunsch,   Patti.
Computer technologies have evolved very rapidly and, compared to other businesses, farm operations have been slow to adopt computer applications. This paper investigates the key characteristics of the farm operators and farm businesses that influence computer use. To that end, data from Statistics Canada's Census of Agriculture are used. The results of the logistic regression point out a trend in the adoption patterns of computer technology use. Farm operations where a computer is used in their management tend to be larger farms, have younger operators who are female, their operators work off the farm, are part-tenant/part owner operators and produce certified organic products. The impact of language spoken on the probability of adopting a computer and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computer technology; Probability of adoption; Canadian farm businesses; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28039

Computer Use and Internet Use by Members of Rural Households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thompson-James,   Margaret.
The share of rural and small town individuals with a computer at home increased from 14 percent in 1989 to 23 percent in 1994. The largest increase was for individuals with at least high school graduation and for individuals in households with total income above $40,000.  In 1989, 12 percent of rural and small town residents used a computer at work. This increased to 17 percent in 1994. However, 40 percent of rural and small town individuals were impacted by the introduction of computers at work. Two-thirds noted that computers caused an increase in skill level needed to do their job. In 1997, at least one individual in 29 percent of rural households had used computer communications at least once (from any location). In 10 percent of rural households, one...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28051

Computers in Secondary Schools in Developing Countries: Costs and Other Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cawthera,   Andy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12831

Computing Average Per Acre Indemnity Payments for Corn in Iowa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hart,   Chad E.; Smith,   Darnell B.
This study estimates average per acre indemnity payments for Iowa corn for traditional multiple-peril crop insurance and two new revenue insurance products, Crop Revenue Coverage and Income Protection. Yield and price difference distributions are formed and employed in 1,000 simulation runs.  From these simulations, corn yields for all 99 Iowa countries and futures prices are collected.  These are used to calculate per acre indemnities under the three insurance products.  Income Protection has the smallest per acre indemnities across the state, followed by multiple-peril and Crop Revenue Coverage.  Per acre indemnities are the lowest in northwest Iowa and highest in southeast Iowa.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18326

COMPUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION EQUILIBRIA: MORAL HAZARD IN AN INDIAN VILLAGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ligon,   Ethan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25035

CONCENTRATION AND MERGERS IN U.S. WHOLESALE GROCERY MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Connor,   John M.
This report analyzes a large sample of U.S. grocery warehouse operators in 54 well defined grocery marketing areas.  Almost all grocer retail chains with more than 40 supermarkets and $500 million in retail sales in 1990 are vertically integrated into wholesaling.  More than four-fifths of the market areas display high levels of sales concentration (four-firm concentration greater than 60 percent).  The 1992 merger between Super Value and Wetterau violated federal merger enforcement guidelines in at least four market areas, and several more horizontal mergers between merchant grocery wholesalers have been consummated since then.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grocery wholesale trade; Food retail trade; Market concentration; Mergers and  acquisitions; Vertical integration; Antitrust policy; Food distribution; Geographic market definition; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28683

Concentration and Specialisation Trends in Germany since Reunification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suedekum,   Jens.
In this paper we describe the development of regional specialisation and geographical concentration in Germany between 1993 and 2001. Somewhat contrary to theoretical expectations derived from the recent literature in location theory, we neither find compelling evidence for a specialisation process of German regions, nor for a concentration process of industries. By and large and with some exceptions, this conclusion holds both for West Germany and Germany as a whole, as well as for all levels of territorial aggregation (NUTS1-NUTS3). Urban areas are stronger specialised than rural districts, but also subject to faster de-specialisation. Those regions, which have increased regional specialisation against the trend, have performed significantly better in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional Specialisation; Geographical Concentration; Economic Integration; Location Theory; Employment Growth; Germany; Community/Rural/Urban Development; F14; F15; R12.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26294

CONCENTRATION ISSUES  IN THE U.S. BEEF SUBSECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Gale; Connor,   John M.; Josling,   Timothy E.; Schmitz,   Andrew; Schuh,   G. Edward.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115907

CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP IN FOOD RETAILING: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE ABOUT CONSUMER IMPACT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.
Increased concentration in ownership of retail and wholesale food companies in the United States naturally leads to the question "How  does concentration of ownership affect consumers?" Does it lead to higher or lower food prices, better or worse service, more or less  choice between stores and among products, and more or less employment and earning opportunities in the food sector?  Since the early 1980's  the percent of total sales captured by the top four supermarket chains have gone from 18 to 22 percent; food prices decreased, food expenditures relative to income and employment and earnings have all fallen modestly. Choice and service are harder to measure. Competition at the local level appears to be alive and well since numerous types of food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14329

Concentration-Price Relations in Regional Fed Cattle Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marion,   Bruce W.; Geithman,   Frederick E.
Since 1977, the U.S. beef packing industry has been restructured at a pace unprecedented in large American industries.  By 1987, four packers slaughtered over two-thirds of all steers and heifers.  In the thirteen regional feedlot-packer markets studied here, the four leading packers slaughtered 85 percent of fed cattle, on average.  The impact of packer concentration on fed cattle prices during 1971-86 was examined using several econometric models.  The results generally support the hypothesis that packer concentration was negatively related to live cattle prices.  Cattle prices were estimated to be about 3 percent less in the most concentrated region compared to the least concentrated region.  There was evidence of a critical concentration of CR4 = 60 in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25213

CONCEPTOS SOBRE TENENCIA DE LA TIERRA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bruce,   John W.
Montano,   Citlali Cortes, translator
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land tenure--terminology; Right of property -- Terminology; Tenure systems -- Terminology; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12816

Concepts of Competition in Theory and Practice
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Svizzero,   Serge; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Allocative efficiency; Competition policy; Concepts of competition; Dynamic efficiency; Innovation; Productive efficiency; Uncertainty; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90469

CONCEPTUAL CHALLENGES IN POVERTY AND INEQUALITY:ONE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIST'S PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
The last thirty years in the analysis of inequality and poverty, especially in developing countries, has seen two phases-a phase of conceptual advancement, followed by a phase of application and policy debate. Both phases were exciting and useful in their own way, but the applied phase has significantly exhausted the potential of the conceptual advances of two decades ago, and new advances have been few and far between. However, there is now a need, and an opening, for a new phase of conceptual advances, advances that will make use of shifting methodological terrain in mainstream economics, and that will answer emerging policy questions that would otherwise have no easy answers (or, perhaps, too easy answers).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7242

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Mollers,   Judith; Happe,   Kathrin; Davidova,   Sophia; Fredriksson,   Lena; Bailey,   Alastair; Kancs,   d'Artis; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.; Vranken,   Liesbet; Hubbard,   Carmen; Ward,   Neil; Juvancic,   Luka; Milczarek,   Dominika; Plamen,   Mishev.
The Deliverable 2.1 (D2.1) of the SCARLED project provides the conceptual framework for analysing structural change in agriculture and rural livelihoods in the NMS and established Member States of the EU. It concisely summarizes the underlying theories and concepts of the pertinent research issues in SCARLED. SCARLED addresses a topic of wide interest with regard to the identification of past and future key social and agricultural restructuring processes for a living countryside in the NMS. Methodologically, the topic is approached by comparative, structured multi-country farm surveys complemented by an analysis of structural changes in the farm sectors of two selected regions with the agent-based simulation model AgriPoliS, taking special account of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91737

CONCEPTUAL ISSUES IN LIVESTOCK INSURANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Turvey,   Calum G.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18171

Conceptualizing Economic Marginalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51111

Conceptualizing Informality: Regulation and Enforcement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kanbur,   Ravi.
The informality discourse is large, vibrant and expanding fast. But there is a certain conceptual incoherence to the literature. New definitions of informality compete with old definitions leading to a plethora of alternative conceptualisations. While some individual studies may apply a tight definition consistently, the literature as a whole is in a mess. This paper proposes that informality and formality should be seen in direct relation to economic activity in the presence of specified regulation(s). Relative to the regulation(s), four conceptual categories that can help frame the analysis are: (A) regulation applicable and compliant, (B) regulation applicable and non-compliant, (C) regulation non-applicable after adjustment of activity and (D)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48926

Concession Bidding Rules and Investment Time Flexibility
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moretto,   Michele; Dosi,   Cesare.
We study the competition to operate an infrastructure service by developing a model where firms report a two-dimensional sealed bid: the price to consumers and the concession fee paid to the government. Two alternative bidding rules are considered in this paper. One rule consists of awarding the exclusive right of exercise to the firm that reports the lowest price. The other consists of granting the franchise to the bidder offering the highest fee. We compare the outcome of these rules with reference to two alternative concession arrangements. The former imposes the obligation to immediately undertake the investment required to roll-out the service. The latter allows the winning bidder to optimally decide the investment time. The focus is on the effect of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12196

Concessions and Exemptions for Developing Countries in the Agricultural Negotiations: The Role of the Special and Differential Treatment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bureau,   Jean-Christophe; Jean,   Sebastien; Matthews,   Alan.
The main provisions of the special and differential treatment (SDT) granted to developing countries in the agriculture and food sector under the present World Trade Organization agreements are presented. The different provisions seem to have had a limited impact on developing countries, and revision is needed. The positions of the various developing countries regarding the SDT in the negotiations are summarized. Recent simulations of the consequences of a plausible agreement under the Doha negotiations suggest that there is a case for a special treatment for poorest countries, but also for a subset of countries that are likely to lose at multilateral liberalization, because of the erosion of existing preferences. Suggestions are made in order to make...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developping countries; Agricultural trade; WTO; Trade preferences; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18858

CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON CHILD WORK AND SCHOOLING: EVIDENCE FROM THE PROGRESA PROGRAM IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel; Parker,   Susan W.
The worsening degradation of natural resources urgently requires the adoption of more sustainable management practices. This need has led to growing interest and investment in monitoring systems for tracking the condition of natural resources. Although grounded in concepts of sustainability, the application of monitoring systems has progressed little beyond the identification and measurement of large numbers of potentially interesting indicators. Most monitoring activities are also passive and do not lead to the changes needed to rectify the problems they identify. Too often monitoring becomes an end in itself and an expensive claim on public funds. This study is concerned with the design of monitoring systems that have direct relevance for the management...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16472

CONDITIONAL LAND TRANSFER AGREEMENTS: MICHIGAN'S ALTERNATIVES TO ANNEXATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harvey,   Lynn R.; Taylor,   Gary.
Annexation battles often are the root cause of long-standing conflicts between municipalities.  Some states, including Wisconsin, have sought to reduce the number of annexation battles by allowing the use of intergovernmental agreements addressing municipal boundary expansion and service delivery.  This paper reviews Michigan's Conditional Land Transfer Act, Public Act 425 of 1984, including its unique land transfer and reversion provisions.  Using a database of all agreements filed since the law's inception, this paper reviews the common provisions found in these agreements.  The authors also analyze emerging policy issues and suggest amendments to further the initial policy objectives of Michigan's alternative to annexation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11606

Conditional Skewness of Aggregate Market Returns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Charoenrook,   Anchada; Daouk,   Hazem.
The skewness of the conditional return distribution plays a significant role in financial theory and practice. This paper examines whether conditional skewness of daily aggregate market returns is predictable and investigates the economic mechanisms underlying this predictability. In both developed and emerging markets, there is strong evidence that lagged returns predict skewness; returns are more negatively skewed following an increase in stock prices and returns are more positively skewed following a decrease in stock prices. The empirical evidence shows that the traditional explanations such as the leverage effect, the volatility feedback effect, the stock bubble model (Blanchard and Watson, 1982), and the fluctuating uncertainty theory (Veronesi,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conditional skewness; Conditional Volatility; Predicting Skewness; Aggregate market returns; International finance; Financial Economics; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; G12; C1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51181

Conference on Agricultural Sustainability, Growth, and Poverty Alleviation in East and Southeast Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Witcover,   Julie; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
This first in a series of regional conferences on this subject brought together more than fifty agricultural scientists and policymakers from China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and from international agricultural research centers and the Asian Development Bank to discuss how best to promote "sustainable agricultural intensification"—natural resource management that safeguards productivity of the natural resource base while meeting economic growth and poverty alleviation objectives. The regional conference series began in East and Southeast Asia partly because of the area's already broad experience with intensified farming systems on high potential lands alongside shifting cultivation, or upland or hillside cultivation, on more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42805

CONFLICT, CO-OPERATION, AND CULTURE: A STUDY IN MULTIPARTY NEGOTIATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benson,   Marjorie L.
This paper presents a report and analysis of simulated negotiations in a multiparty institutional context, specifically a Canadian Aboriginal-Crown context.  The purpose is to offer a conceptual model of skills and processes of successful negotiations under such circumstances.  The Aboriginal-Crown subject of the simulation has particular relevance in light of Canada’s Supreme Court declaration in Delgamuukw v. British Columbia, [1997] 3. S.C.R. 1010 at para. 186 (quoting itself from Sparrow v. The Queen, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 1075) that Section 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 “provides a solid basis upon which subsequent negotiations can take place.”  The vehicle of the analysis is participant reflections, which offer a 360-degree view of the simulation,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31781

Conflict - Threat or Opportunity? War, Livelihoods, and Vulnerability in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Korf,   Benedikt.
In the light of a growing number of unstabilized regions of warfare or post-war conditions, this paper investigates how civilians survive in the context of a civil war. It analyzes livelihood strategies of farmers in the war-torn areas of Sri Lanka. The analytical framework is based on a revised form of DFID's sustainable rural livelihoods approach placing particular attention on the institutional reproduction of household capital assets in the war economy. The paper delineates a three pillar model of household livelihood strategies focusing on how households (i) cope with the increased level of risk and uncertainty, (ii) adjust their economic and social household assets for economic survival, and how they (iii) use their social and political assets as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18837

Conflicts over Natural Resources and the Environment: Economics and Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
None
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural Resource Conflict; Shared Natural Resources; Asia; Economic Security; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48967

Conflicts, Rural Development and Food Security in West Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Flores,   Margarita.
This paper examines food security in the context of conflict in West Africa. The analysis developed in the paper recognises the importance of defining conflict type and the trends in conflict so that conflict and post-conflict policies may be implemented. The relationship between food security and conflict is analysed. Whilst conflict exacerbates food security, food insecurity can itself fuel conflict. Strategies designed to assist in post-war rehabilitation need to address key dimensions of food security: availability, access and stability. It is argued in this paper, that consideration of these three dimensions are necessary joint conditions in moving towards a reduction in the numbers of hungry. The cases of Sierra Leone and Liberia are examined to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: West Africa; Conflict; Food Security; Crisis; Hunger; Food Security and Poverty; N47; N57; O13; O18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23811

Confronting the environmental consequences of the Green Revolution in Asia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingali,   Prabhu L.; Rosegrant,   Mark W.
Intensive double or triple monocropping of rice has caused degradation of the paddy micro environment and reductions in rice yield growth in many irrigated areas in Asia. Problems include increased pest infestation, mining of soil micronutrients, reductions in nutrient-carrying capacity of the soil, build-up of soil toxicity, and salinity and waterlogging. Emerging sustainability problems in intensive rice agriculture show the need for a greater understanding of the physical, biological and ecological consequences of agricultural intensification and greater research attention to long term management of the agricultural resource base.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42825

Congruence of Agricultural Research in Indonesia 1974-1978
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Salmon,   David C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7475

CONGRUENCE OF THE HATCH FUNDED REGIONAL RESEARCH PORTFOLIO WITH NATIONAL AND REGIONAL RESEARCH PRIORITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Halbach,   Daniel Walter.
The major focus of this report is on evaluation of the extent to which the allocation of regional research funding support, particularly the allocation of Hatch Regional Research Funds (RRF), is congruent with national and regional research priorities.  Other objectives are to evaluate the appropriate duration of regional research projects and to recommend a process for the selection and development of National Research Projects (NRPs) and National Research Support Projects (NRSPs).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13811

Conjunctive water management in the Rechna Doab: An overview of resources and issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jehangir,   Waqar Ahmed; Qureshi,   Asad Sarwar; Ali,   Nazim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Water management; Conjunctive use; Surface water; Groundwater; Aquifers; Pumping; Water quality; River basins; Productivity; Canals; Waterlogging; Salinity; Land resources; Land use; Crop production; Rice; Wheat; Cotton; Sugarcane; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92704

Connaissances, Attitudes et Pratiques en Matiere de Soin et d'Alimentation de l'Enfant: Resultatspreliminaires du Projet sur les Liens Entre la Nutrition Infantile et la Croissance Agricole (LICNAG)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wise,   Victoria; Tefft,   James F.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Staatz,   John M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 5.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11439

Connecting the Sources and Consequences of Social Capital for Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16639

Connections Among Farsighted Agents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grandjean,   Gilles; Mauleon,   Ana; Vannetelbosch,   Vincent.
We study the stability of social and economic networks when players are farsighted. In particular, we examine whether the networks formed by farsighted players are different from those formed by myopic players. We adopt Herings, Mauleon and Vannetelbosch’s (Games and Economic Behavior, forthcoming) notion of pairwise farsightedly stable set. We first investigate in some classical models of social and economic networks whether the pairwise farsightedly stable sets of networks coincide with the set of pairwise (myopically) stable networks and the set of strongly efficient networks. We then provide some primitive conditions on value functions and allocation rules so that the set of strongly efficient networks is the unique pairwise farsightedly stable set....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farsighted Players; Stability; Efficiency; Connections Model; Buyerseller Networks; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; A14; C70; D20.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50482

Conscription and Crime: Evidence from the Argentine Draft Lottery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galiani,   Sebastian; Rossi,   Martin A.; Schargrodsky,   Ernesto.
We estimate the causal effect of mandatory participation in the military service on the involvement in criminal activities. We exploit the random assignment of young men to military service in Argentina through a draft lottery to identify this causal effect. Using a unique set of administrative data that includes draft eligibility, participation in the military service, and criminal records, we find that participation in the military service increases the likelihood of developing a criminal record in adulthood. The effects are not only significant for the cohorts that performed military service during war times, but also for those that provided service at peace times. We also find that military service has detrimental effects on future performance in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Military Service; Violent behavior; Crime; Labor and Human Capital; K42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90907

Consequences of Data Error in Aggregate Indicators: Evidence from the Human Development Index
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wolff,   Hendrik; Chong,   Howard; Auffhammer,   Maximilian.
This paper examines the consequences of data error in data series used to construct aggregate indicators. Using the most popular indicator of country level economic development, the Human Development Index (HDI), we identify three separate sources of data error. We propose a simple statistical framework to investigate how data error may bias rank assignments and identify two striking consequences for the HDI. First, using the cutoff values used by the United Nations to assign a country as 'low', 'medium', or 'high' developed, we find that currently up to 45% of developing countries are misclassified. Moreover, by replicating prior development/macroeconomic studies, we find that key estimated parameters such as Gini coefficients and speed of convergence...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Measurement Error; International Comparative Statistics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O10; C82.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6502

Conservation and Economic Benefits of Wildlife-based Marine Tourism: Sea Turtles and Whales as Case Studies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Clevo; Tisdell,   Clement A.
Tourism development can have positive and/or negative impacts on wildlife. However, if tourism is developed in accordance with the basic tenets of wildlife tourism such an activity can be sustainable and can aid the conservation of species.  Based on two case studies in Queensland, Australia, this article outlines the various economic and conservation benefits arising from wildlife-based tourism. Some of the benefits are direct, such as tangible economic benefits, others are less tangible, such as increased visitors’ willingness to pay in principle for the conservation of species. Wildlife-based tourism is shown to foster political support for the conservation of species utilized for such tourism by various mechanisms. Non-consumptive uses of wildlife are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecotourism; Sea turtles; Whales; Economic and conservation benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48734

CONSERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vosti,   Stephen A.; Scherr,   Sara J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16365

Conservation Auctions in Manitoba: A Summary of a Series of Workshops
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Packman,   Katherine; Boxall,   Peter C.
Currently, the effect of human impact on the environment is becoming increasingly apparent. The encroachment of human activity has inevitably resulted in the loss or impairment of ecological goods and services (EG&amp;S) around the globe as well as in our own backyard. EG&amp;S include features such as wildlife habitat, biodiversity, soil renewal, or nutrient cycling. The loss of such features has become a sobering reality for Manitobans in the face of the utrophication of Lake Winnipeg as a result of practices contributing to nutrient loading into the lake. Since EG&amp;S are very important to Manitobans, efforts are being made to explore different vehicles to encourage their provision. In order to address some of the environmental issues transpiring in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market based instruments; Conservation auction; Tender; Wetland restoration; Environmental Economics and Policy; D44; Q20; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91423

CONSERVATION FARMING IN ZAMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haggblade,   Steven; Tembo,   Gelson.
Declining soil fertility and recurrent drought pose serious challenges to farmers in Africa’s semi-arid regions, where half of all farmland suffers from erosion and nutrient depletion (Cleaver and Schreiber, 1997). In response, farmers and researchers across the continent have experimented with a broad array of soil and water conserving technologies (Reij et al., 1996). This paper describes the development and dissemination of one such technology from Zambia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16064

Conservation of the Proboscis Monkey and the Orangutan in Borneo: Comparative Issues and Economic Considerations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
Concentrating on their presence in Borneo, the ecology and conservation of two large Southeast Asian primates, the orangutan Pongo pymaeus and the proboscis monkey Nasalis larvatus are reviewed. The former species occurs only in Borneo and Sumatra and the latter only in Borneo. The comparative threats facing these two endangered primates and their approximate numbers in the wild are put into perspective. The long-term survival of both species is adversely affected by the degradation and conversion of their suitable forest habitat by logging and agriculture, the occurrence of hunting, poaching and forest fires. The effectiveness of measures to conserve these species are discussed and evaluated from the standpoint of economics. It is concluded that informed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Proboscis Monkey; Orangutan; Borneo; Conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55097

Conservation Payments: Challenges in Design and Implementation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Beghin,   John C.; Duffy,   Michael D.; Feng,   Hongli; Hueth,   Brent; Kling,   Catherine L.; Kurkalova,   Lyubov A.; Schneider,   Uwe A.; Secchi,   Silvia; Weninger,   Quinn; Zhao,   Jinhua.
As Congress develops new farm legislation, some are lobbying for a new partnership between U.S. taxpayers and farmers. In exchange for an annual transfer of $10 to $20 billion from taxpayers to agriculture, farmers would do much more to enhance environmental quality. An attractive feature of a new partnership is that paying for an improved environment provides a clear and justifiable rationale for farm program payments, something that is lacking under current farm programs. By changing management practices and land use, farmers can provide cleaner water, cleaner air, better wildlife habitat, lower net greenhouse gas emissions, and improved long-run soil quality. Private profit maximizers largely ignore the value of these environmental goods. Hence, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36920

CONSERVATION PAYMENTS UNDER RISK: A STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; Olschewski,   Roland; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Conservation payments can be used to preserve forest and agroforest systems in developing countries. To explain landowners' land-use decisions and determine the appropriate conservation payments, it is necessary to focus on risk associated with agricultural price and yield volatility. A theoretical framework is provided for assessing land-use allocation problems under risk and setting risk-efficient conservation payments when returns are not necessary normally distributed. Stochastic dominance rules are used to derive conditions for determining the conservation payments required to guarantee that the environmentally-preferred land use dominates, even when land uses are not considered to be mutually exclusive. An empirical application to shaded-coffee...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18155

Conservation Payments under Risk: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; Olschewski,   Roland; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2004-05.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforest systems; Conservation payments; Land allocation; Portfolio diversification; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C73; O54; Q23; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37024

Conservation Value
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
This paper outlines the significance of the concept of conservation value and discusses ways in which it is determined paying attention to views stemming from utilitarian ethics and from deontological ethics. The importance of user costs in relation to economic decisions about the conservation and use of natural resources is emphasised. Particular attention is given to competing views about the importance of conserving natural resources in order to achieve economic sustainability. This then lends to a discussion of the value of conserving natural resources in order to meet the moral obligations of present generations to future generations. Anthropogenic views of the value of conserving natural resources (for example, derived from utilitarian ethics) are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic values; Conservation value; Deontological ethics; Ecocentric values; Economic sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Natural resources; Neo-Malthusianism; Precautionary motive; Sustainability; Sustainable development; User costs; Utilitarian ethics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q20; Q30; Q50; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90879

Conserving Water in Irrigated Agriculture: The Economics and Valuation of Water Rights
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Terrence S.; Veeman,   Michele M.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.; Royer,   S.; Viney,   Bruce; Freeman,   Ruth; Baggs,   J.
The effective management of water resources in Alberta is crucial to sustainable agriculture, industrial development, and environmental management. The historical water allocation mechanism, administrative apportionment, has been viewed in recent years as ineffective and cumbersome. Accordingly, the revision of the Water Act in 1996, included an attempt to improve the efficiency of water allocation. By making the transfer of water rights possible, the revised Act provides many new options for water use and flexibility. The implications of transferable water rights in Alberta water policy must be carefully considered in order to determine the viability and suitability of such a system in the provincial context. This project examines some of the economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24047

CONSISTENCY AND OPTIMALITY IN A DYNAMIC GAME OF POLLUTION CONTROL I: COMPETITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Batabyal,   Amitrajeet A.
I model the interaction between a regulator and polluting firms as a Stackelberg differential game in which the regulator leads. The firms create pollution, which results in a stock externality. I analyze the intertemporal effects of alternate pollution control measures in a competitive industry. The principal issue here concerns the dynamic inconsistency of the optimal solution. Inter alia, I compare the steady state levels of pollution under optimal and under time consistent policies.   Forthcoming in Environmental and Resource Economics
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental; Regulation; Tax; Dynamic; Game; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; H32; D62.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28351

Consistency of Empirical Likelihood and Maximum A-Posteriori Probability Under Misspecification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grendar,   Marian; Judge,   George G.
Using a large deviations approach, Maximum A-Posteriori Probability (MAP) and Empirical Likelihood (EL) are shown to possess, under misspecification, an exclusive property of Bayesian consistency. Under conditions of consistency, regardless of prior the MAP estimator asymptotically coincides with EL. The consistency property is also studied for sampling processes other than iid.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6053

CONSISTENCY OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN HARD RED SPRING WHEATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Greater sophistication of buyers in the wheat market has increased demands for higher quality wheats and focused attention on the consistency of the quality of wheat purchased.  In this study, the variability of wheat quality characteristics was examined at different stages of the marketing chain.  Variability was measured by variety and at farm and export levels.  Comparisons were made with Canada where similar data were available.  Different measures of variability were utilized where data were available.   Inter-year variability, intra-year variability, and within-lot variability of wheat quality characteristics were measured at different points in the wheat marketing chain in the United States and Canada.  Variability of many characteristics was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality; Consistency; Quality Variability; Wheat Export Quality; Farm Production Quality; Wheat Variety Quality; Canada; United States; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23455

CONSISTENCY OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN HARD RED SPRING WHEATS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Greater sophistication of buyers in the wheat market has increased demands for higher quality wheats and focused attention on the consistency of the quality of wheat purchased.  In this study, the variability of wheat quality characteristics was examined at different stages of the marketing chain.  Variability was measured by variety and at farm and export levels.  Comparisons were made with Canada where similar data were available.  Different measures of variability were utilized where data were available.   Inter-year variability, intra-year variability, and within-lot variability of wheat quality characteristics were measured at different points in the wheat marketing chain in the United States and Canada.  Variability of many characteristics was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality; Consistency; Quality Variability; Wheat Export Quality; Farm Production Quality; Wheat Variety Quality; Canada; United States; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23305

CONSOLIDATION, DELIMITATION AND STALEMATE. Disruptive Interplay and Strategic Incentives in the CBD-TRIPS Relationship
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jungcurt,   Stefan; Meyer,   Thomas.
The relationship between the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the WTO Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is characterized by a persistent potential for disruptions in implementation, such as 'biopiracy' conflicts, because of the agreements' incompatible provisions on property rights over genetic resources. The lack of consolidation is often explained by attempts to strategicallly exploit interplay between the two istitutions. Countries of the North and the South are said to push for provisions under their preferred agreement in order to circumvent obligations under the other. We develop an alternative explanation based on a conception of international negotiators acting as agents of particular interest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18843

Constitutional Rules and Agricultural Policy Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olper,   Alessandro; Raimondi,   Valentina.
This paper deals with the effect of constitutional rules on agricultural policy outcomes in a panel of observations for more than 70 developing and developed countries in the 1955-2005 period. Testable hypotheses are drawn from recent developments in the comparative politics literature that see political institutions as key elements in shaping public policies. Using differences-in-differences regressions we find a positive effect of a transition into democracy on agricultural protection. However, this average effect masks substantial heterogeneities across different forms of democracy. Indeed, what matters are transitions to proportional (as opposed to majoritarian) democracies, as well as to permanent (as opposed to temporary) democracies. Moreover, while...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Comparative Political Economics; Agricultural Distortions; Constitutional Rules; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; D72; H23; O13; P16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50304

Constrained School Choice: An Experimental Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Calsamiglia,   Caterina; Haeringer,   Guillaume; Klijn,   Flip.
The literature on school choice assumes that families can submit a preference list over all the schools they want to be assigned to. However, in many real-life instances families are only allowed to submit a list containing a limited number of schools. Subjects' incentives are drastically affected, as more individuals manipulate their preferentes. Including a safety school in the constrained list explains most manipulations. Competitiveness across schools plays an important role. Constraining choices increases segregation and affects the stability and efficiency of the final allocation. Remarkably, the constraint reduces significantly the proportion of subjects playing a dominated strategy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: School Choice; Matching; Experiment; Gale-Shapley; Top Trading Cycles; Boston Mechanism; Efficiency; Stability; Truncation; Truthtelling; Safety School; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C72; C78; D78; I20.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50480

CONSTRAINING PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATER: DAIRY FARM RESOURCE USE AND PROFITABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanchar,   John J.; Knoblauch,   Wayne A.; Milligan,   Robert A.
The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program (NYCU7AJP) seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. Toward this objective, a "Phosphorus Index for Site Evaluation" P-Index) provides planners in the NYCWAP with a tool for identifying problems and evaluating solutions. A linear programming model was used to examine dairy farm resource use and profitability given resource constraints and constraints on the values of the P-Index. Results indicate dramatic differences in expected effects on resource use and returns above variable costs between less restrictive targets in the upper end of the "medium" (for example, 24 and 17) and more restrictive targets in the lower end of the range (for example, 13 through 10). The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7247

Constraints and Strategies for the Development of the Seed System in Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Low,   Jan W.; Jeje,   Jose Jaime; Boughton,   Duncan; Massingue,   Jaquelino; Maredia,   Mywish K.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Seed system; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56045

CONSTRAINTS FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION IN BULGARIA'S IRRIGATION SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Theesfeld,   Insa.
Water for irrigation and irrigation infrastructure are both common pool resources, due to their low excludability and high rivalry. The wellknown common pool resource dilemma is often the consequence. Collective action may be a way how societies can overcome this dilemma. First results from a three-month empirical field study in Bulgaria are presented trying to explain how actor groups characteristics, such as lack of trust between community members and effective institutional settings at the local level, such as information asymmetry, limited sanctioning and enforcement mechanisms and almost no monitoring mechanisms provide conditions under which opportunistic behaviour dominates. The effective rules-in-use in local communities are presented. The simplest...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18891

Constraints on Private Conservation of Biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 31
'Constraints on Private Conservation of Biodiversity' was released on 18 July 2001. Conserving biodiversity is essential to maintain ecosystems to support life. It is also important for a range of economic, social and cultural reasons. However, biodiversity is under threat from a range of sources - some localised, others more pervasive. The paper identifies and examines constraints which inhibit the role of the private sector in biodiversity conservation. It reviews some key institutional constraints to private conservation of biodiversity where it is the primary landuse activity.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31904

CONSTRAINTS TO INCREASING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Norton,   George W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14043

Constraints to the Development of Commodity Exchanges in Africa:  A Case Study of ZAMACE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sitko,   Nicholas J.; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The development of agricultural commodity exchanges in Africa has become an increasingly popular strategy for addressing some of the ills plaguing African food  markets, including poorly developed risk management systems, high transaction costs, and limited price discovery. However, despite substantial support from donors and, in some cases, national governments, commodity exchanges in most African countries are having difficulties getting off the ground. While previous studies (Rashid, Winter-Nelson, and Garcia 2010) highlight the fact that low trade volumes passing through African commodity exchanges limit their development, the question of why exchanges are thinly traded remains poorly understood. Using the Zambian Agricultural Commodity Exchange...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Africa; Commodity exchange; ZAMACE; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107461

Constrangimentos e Estratégias para o Desenvolvimento do Sistema de Sementes em Moçambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Low,   Jan W.; Jeje,   Jose Jaime; Boughton,   Duncan; Massingue,   Jaquelino; Maredia,   Mywish K.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Directorate of Economics, Republic of Mozambique
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Mozambique; Seed system; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56046

Constructing a Human Development Index for Georgia's Counties
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jordan,   Jeffrey L.
The purpose of this paper is to construct a Human Development Index (HDI) for each of Georgia's 159 counties.  The index includes education, employment, and housing variables.  Data are from the 2000 Census collected by the State of Georgia Office of Planning and Budget.  Patterned after the work done at the United Nations Development Programme, the HDI focuses on variables important for community development activities.  The index can be used for a variety of purposes in examining levels of development throughout Georgia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16672

Construction and Import of Ethnic Categorisations:  “Allochthones” in The Netherlands and Belgium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jacobs,   Dirk; Rea,   Andrea.
Schematically one can distinguish two traditions related to ethnic statistics in Europe. In France, Germany and most southern European countries, the dominant statistical categorisations merely distinguish individuals on the basis of their nationality. In contrast, most northern European countries have been producing data on the ethnic and/or foreign origin of their populations. Belgium is caught somewhere in between these two traditions. The French speaking part of Belgium tends to follow the French tradition of refusing ethnic categorisation, while the Flemish (the Dutch speaking part) try to copy the Dutch model in distinguishing “allochthones” and “autochthones”. This contribution wants to offer an analysis of the construction of ethnic categories as...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethnic Categorisation; Statistics; “Allochthones”; Netherlands; Belgium; Labor and Human Capital; B40.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12103

Construction Minerals in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area: A Land Management Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wernstedt,   Kris; Cummings,   Amy Mcabee.
The patchwork of government influences that shape the protection and management of construction mineral resources--sand, gravel, and crushed stone--includes statutes, regulations, guidance documents, and court decisions at the federal, state, and local level. Across the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area, both these influences and the experiences that the counties have had in managing construction mineral resources range widely. Our principal objective in this study is to discuss the mechanisms that counties use to manage such resources; the level and source of concern that local residents have with respect to construction mineral extraction operations; officials' perceptions about trends in the supply and demand for mineral resources; and the level of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Construction minerals; Aggregates; Land use planning; Baltimore-Washington; Land Economics/Use; Q24; Q38; R52.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10731

Construction of a "Green Box" Countercyclical Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Babcock,   Bruce A.; Hart,   Chad E.
The United States Congress is currently devising the next farm bill. One of the many factors influencing the debate is the effect of trade agreements into which the United States has entered. Under the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Agriculture, government spending on trade-distorting agricultural policies (referred to as "amber box" policies) has been limited. However, if the policy is considered non-trade-distorting ("green box"), then spending on such a policy is not constrained under the agreement. We explore the possible construction of a green box policy that is countercyclical to factors related to agriculture. The policy is based on our interpretation of the green-box requirements; other interpretations are possible. The policy we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18309

Consumentenbeleid dat op de toekomst is voorbereid Bespiegelingen van betrokkenen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dagevos,   Hans; van der Kroon,   Sandra M.A.; van Wijk-Jansen,   Elvi E.C.
This study aims at producing an inventory of consumer-oriented practice examples, both inside and outside LNV, which may be considered in the context of broad public involvement in policy. Interviews formed the basis for the study, which reflects the thoughts of 21 interviewees professionally involved in policy-making. The participants are employed in eight different ministries. They were asked about current intentions and ideas about engaging citizen-consumers in policy and what initiatives and concrete actions are being taken.  Deze studie richt zich op een inventarisatie van consumentgerichte praktijkvoorbeelden, binnen en buiten LNV, die gezien mogen worden in het licht van het betrekken van een breed publiek bij beleid. Deze studie is op interviews...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29099

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY: WILLINGNESS TO BUY GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD PRODUCTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hossain,   Ferdaus; Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Adelaja,   Adesoji O.; Schilling,   Brian J.; Hallman,   William K.
Biotechnology is often viewed as the defining technology for the future of food and agriculture with the potential to deliver a wide range of economic and health benefits. Public acceptance of genetically modified food products is a critical factor for this emerging technology. Using data from a national survey, this study examines public acceptance of food biotechnology by modeling consumers’' willingness to buy genetically modified foods. Empirical results suggest that younger, white, male and college educated individuals are more likely to accept food biotechnology. Public confidence in scientists, corporations, as well as government has significant effects on consumer acceptance of food biotechnology. While religious views influence consumer acceptance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18169

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS IN KOREA: FACTOR AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onyango,   Benjamin M.; Govindasamy,   Ramu; Hallman,   William K.; Jang,   Ho-Min; Puduri,   Venkata S.
The study applies multivariate statistical and econometric tools to estimate the importance of the various factors driving Korean consumer acceptance of GM food products.  The evidence thus far on biotechnology is decidedly mixed: public perceptions of food biotechnology are characterized by ongoing tension between opposing forces.  The South Korean perceptions about food in general and ranges from excitement about the promise of environmental and economic benefits from GM products to fear and distrust of the technology for unknown risks. This highlights the importance of credibility of private and public institutions responsible for certifying the safety of GM foods and implementing necessary regulatory controls on GM processes and products. In between,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18179

CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS: ROLE OF PRODUCT BENEFITS AND PERCEIVED RISKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onyango,   Benjamin M.
This study examines consumer willingness to consume genetically modified food products with clearly stated benefits and risks.  Results suggest that male; white, Southerners, and those with some college education are more likely to consume genetically modified fruits and vegetables.  Trust in government, biotech industry, and medical professional on matters relating GM foods also have a positive impact on the willingness to consume GM foods; such trust allays fears associated with risks posed by GM technology.  Conversely, risk seems to negatively influence the willingness to consume GM products.  Once the respondents are well informed of the risk of the product, this greatly diminished their willingness to consume such products.  Older respondents (age...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18182

Consumer Acceptance of Genetically Modified Foods: Traits, Labels and Diverse Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Wallace E.
New experimental economic methods are described and used to assess consumers' willingness to pay for food products that might be made from new transgenic and intragenic genetically modified (GM) traits. Participants in auctions are randomly chosen adult consumers in major US metropolitan areas and not college students. Food labels are kept simple and focus on key attributes of experimental goods. Diverse private information from the agricultural biotech industry (largely Monsanto and Syngenta), environmental groups (largely Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth) and independent third-party information is used to construct the information treatments. Food labels and information treatments are randomized, which is a deviation from traditional lab methods....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93168

Consumer and Market Responses to Mad-Cow Disease
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlenker,   Wolfram; Villas-Boas,   Sofia Berto.
We examine how consumers and financial markets in the United States react to two health warnings about mad cow disease: The first discovery of an infected cow in December 2003 as well as health warnings about the potential effects aired in the highly-watched Oprah- Winfrey show seven years earlier. Using a unique UPC-level scanner data set, we find a pronounced and significant reduction in beef sales following the first discovered infection. This effect slowly dissipates over the next three months. Interestingly, no significant impact can be detected in the diary files of the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) that has a much smaller sampling frame. However, futures prices show a comparable drop in prices to the scanner data. Contracts with longer maturity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Mad cow diseases; Consumer expenditure survey; Scanner data; Futures prices; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; D12; Q18; M31.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7164

Consumer and Producer Influence in Agricultural Policy Formulation: Some Empirical Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gautam,   Virender; Chaudhary,   Sudhir; Smith,   Darnell B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18599

CONSUMER ATTITUDES TOWARDS FOOD SAFETY RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH MEAT PROCESSING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schroeter,   Christiane.
A focus group study with 37 residents of Manhattan, Kansas, was conducted to examine consumers' risk perceptions of foodborne illnesses from beef. The four focus-group sessions were designed to determine (1) relative preferences for alternative combinations of public food safety (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points(HACCP), carcass pasteurization, irradiation) and private protection (home preparation of rare, medium, and well-done hamburgers); (2) how who is at risk (children vs.adults)influences preferences; (3) whether consumers would pay a premium for the higher levels of product safety arising from the adoption of three different innovations in processing plants; and (4) how to improve risk communication about foodborne illnesses and ways to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26468

CONSUMER BENEFITS FROM NEW RICE VARIETIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antiporta,   Donato B.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13959

CONSUMER CLUSTERS AND FOOD SAFETY INFORMATION NEEDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hall,   Clare.
The work presented here was conducted as part of an EU-funded five year project investigating pathogens in the food chain, called "Control and prevention of emerging and future pathogens at cellular and molecular level throughout the food chain". Using a questionnaire, research was carried out with consumers in four countries to investigate food safety information needs and information source preferences. The work combined cluster analysis with a social marketing approach. Cluster analysis revealed that the majority of respondents can be allocated to one of eight clusters based on their information needs relating to food safety behaviour and pathogen knowledge. The respondents associated with each of the clusters can be described in terms of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109426

CONSUMER CONCERNS ABOUT BIOTECHNOLOGY:I NTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hallman,   William K.
A national survey conducted by the Food Policy Institute demonstrates the lack of knowledge and awareness most Americans have of genetically modified foods.  The paper provides insight into public perceptions of food biotechnology's risks and benefits and a preliminary examination of consumers' stated preferences for genetically modified functional foods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18172

CONSUMER DEMAND FOR ECOLABELED APPLES: RESULTS FROM ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.; Blend,   Jeffrey R.
This article presents a theory and empirical estimates of consumer demand for ecolabeled apples.  The effect of varying comprehensiveness of environmental claims and amount of proof supporting claims is examined. Data are from telephone interviews with 893 randomly selected U.S. households.  Substantial demand for ecolabeled apples is found.  Variations in claim comprehensiveness and amount of proof are statistically insignificant.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11673

CONSUMER DEMAND FOR ECOLABELED APPLES: SURVEY METHODS AND DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blend,   Jeffrey R.; van Ravenswaay,   Eileen O.
This paper examines potential consumer demand for ecolabeled apples.  Since apples are purchased by 90% of U.S. households, we are able to investigate the choices of a large and diverse cross section of consumers.  Focusing on a single agricultural product such as apples enables us to investigate more specific and realistic consumer choices. This paper also examines how different types of ecolabel claims might affect consumer demand.  Ecolabels may vary in terms of the comprehensiveness of their environmental claims and the amount of proof substantiating claims.  Ecolabels might claim to reduce only a single environmental impact or they might claim to reduce multiple environmental impacts.  There may be no proof for the claims other than seller reputation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11645

Consumer Demand for Food Commodities in the United States with Projections for 1980
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: George,   P.S.; King,   Gordon A.
This study analyzes the demand for food commodities in the United States in the postwar period using both time-series and cross-section data.  Income-consumption relationships are based on data from 1955 and 1965 USDA household food consumption surveys. The analysis co cross section data emphasized: (1) effects of grouping observations, (2) choice between expenditures are quantities as the dependent variable, (3) effects of household size on income-consumption relationships, (4) shifts in the regression coefficients (intercepts and income elasticities) between 1955 and 1965, and (5) regional variations in the income-consumption relationships. A demand interrelationship matrix was developed for 49 commodities or commodity groups at the retail level....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11936

Consumer Demand for Major Foods in Egypt
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fayyad,   Basem S.; Johnson,   Stanley R.; El-Khishin,   Mohamed.
This study provides information on the structure of the consumer demand for major foods in Egypt. The information is in the form of key parameters for consumer demand systems. The modern theory of consumer behavior is the basis for estimating systems of demand equations. These systems yield estimates of own and cross price elasticities. The Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (LAIDS) model is applied in estimating a system of demand equations for food commodities. A full demand matrix results with a coherent and consistent set of price and expenditure elasticity estimates. Using the estimated own and cross price and expenditure elasticities, food and agricultural policies during the transformation to the market economy can be analyzed. A framework for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18619

Consumer Demand for Quality: Major Determinant for Agricultural and Food Trade in the Future?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caswell,   Julie A.; Joseph,   Siny.
The impact of consumer demand for quality on the agricultural and food system is an increased emphasis on quality differentiation but not all in the direction of upgrading quality. The more elite market segments are thriving and reaching growing numbers of consumers but the basic price/quality markets remain strong. Most recent economic studies find that consumers are willing to pay for food safety and other quality attributes, and for information about them. The magnitude of the valuations varies by food product, attribute, country, and study design. This literature and a case study of genetically modified foods suggest that consumer demand has a strong effect on agricultural and food trade.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food quality; Food safety; Consumer demand; Willingness to pay; International trade; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; L15; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7390

CONSUMER DEMAND FOR TRACEABILITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hobbs,   Jill E.
Consumers have become more discerning in their food consumption choices.  Food safety and food quality issues have moved to the forefront of consumer concerns, industry strategies, and in some cases, government policy.  A variety of private sector and public policy traceability initiatives have emerged, partly with the objective of reducing consumer information asymmetry with respect to food safety and food quality attributes.  This paper examines the role of traceability systems in the food industry and distinguishes between ex-post traceback systems and ex-ante quality verification systems.  Examples of voluntary private sector livestock traceability systems and public sector traceability programs are discussed, including the trade implications of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14614

Consumer Demand, Grades, Brands, and Margin Relationships
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Rausser,   Gordon C.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Brands; Consumers' demand.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37705

CONSUMER EFFECTS OF HARMONIZING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR TRADE IN ORGANIC FOODS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Krissoff,   Barry.
Even if governments agree on equivalency of organic standards across countries, consumers may still believe domestically produced organic foods are superior to imports.  We simulated a partial equilibrium model of trade in organic wheat between the United States and Germany to illustrate the welfare gains and losses associated with international harmonization of organic standards.  Six cases were examined - no equivalency in standards (the status quo), equivalency of standards with complete and incomplete import acceptance, exporters certifying in importing country with complete and incomplete import acceptance, and exporters paying educational costs, with incomplete import acceptance. Results demonstrate that importing country consumers are better off if...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16726

Consumer Food Safety Perceptions: Do they Differ across Products, Species, and Specific Risks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tonsor,   Glynn T.
No known research has directly evaluated the relationship between perceived risk on a particular food safety issue and perceptions of other risks (e.g., H1N1 perceptions and E-Coli O157:H7 perceptions).  Similarly, no known study has evaluated the appropriateness of assuming perceived food safety risks are equivalent for all products of a given species (i.e., perceived risk of E-Coli O157:H7 in ground beef and beef steak).  The focus of this working paper is to shed new light on these previously unevaluated issues and draw implications for future mitigation strategies regarding meat food safety risks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beef; Consumer perceptions; Food safety; Pork; Risk perceptions; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61044

CONSUMER KNOWLEDGE OF FOOD BIOTECHNOLOGY: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF U.S. RESIDENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schilling,   Brian J.; Hallman,   William K.; Adelaja,   Adesoji O.; Marxen,   Lucas J.
A national survey conducted by the Food Policy Institute demonstrates the lack of knowledge and awareness most Americans have of genetically modified foods.  The paper provides insight into public perceptions of food biotechnology's risks and benefits and a preliminary examination of consumers' stated preferences for genetically modified  functional foods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18183

CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS, SAFETY, AND HEALTH CONCERNS;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kinsey,   Jean D.; Senauer,   Benjamin; Jonk,   Yvonne.
Consumers’ concerns about food attributes related to health, safety and nutrition were ascertained by way of a mailed survey in the metropolitan area of St. Paul/Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1993.  An ordered probit analysis was conducted to determine how these concerns correlated with eating habits - specifically increasing, decreasing or making no change in the consumption of various types of meats.  Those who had decreased their beef consumption were concerned about their intake of sodium, fat and cholesterol.  They also preferred a variety of foods and tended to be older and better educated.  Taste, appearance and guaranteed safety ranked high on a list of food attributes consumers preferred.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14421

Consumer Preference Not to Choose: Methodological and Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Residential consumers remain reluctant to choose new electricity suppliers. Even the most successful jurisdictions, four U.S. states and other countries, have had to adopt extensive consumer education procedures that serve largely to confirm that choosing electricity suppliers is daunting. Electricity is not unique in this respect; numerous studies find that consumers are generally reluctant to switch brands, even when they are well-informed about product characteristics. If consumers prefer not to choose, opening regulated markets can reduce welfare, even for some consumers who do switch, as the incumbent can exploit this preference by raising price above the formerly regulated level. Policies to open markets might be successful even if limited to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity markets; Deregulation; Consumer choice; Residential markets; Consumer/Household Economics; L94; L51; D11; B40.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10573

Consumer Preferences: A Guide to Connecticut Apple Marketing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leonard,   Robert L.; Wadsworth,   James J.
The primary objectives of this research are: (1) to identify the preferences of Connecticut apple consumers regarding product attributes and market characteristics; (2) to assess the impact of Connecticut promotion programs on consumer preference for Connecticut grown apples, and (3) to identify opportunities for more effective marketing of Connecticut grown apples.  Information was obtained by interviewing a total of 374 persons purchasing apples at farm stores, pick-your-own orchards, supermarkets, and warehouse stores.  Data collection included both direct questions and customer ranking of eight displayed apples.  Each of the eight apples was either McIntosh or Red Delicious, 49 or 79 cents per pound, red or relatively green, large or small....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Marketing.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25203

CONSUMER PREFERENCES AS DRIVERS OF THE COMMON  BEAN TRADE IN TANZANIA: A MARKETING PERSPECTIVE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mishili,   Fulgence J.; Temu,   Anna A.; Fulton,   Joan R.; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of bean grain quality characteristics on market price. The data was collected from retail markets in Tanzania. Hedonic pricing provides a statistical estimate of premiums and discounts. Implications for development of bean markets include: i) extension agents should identify cost-effective ways to educate producers on targeting urban market niches based on consumer preferences for varieties, ii) breeding for bruchid resistant beans and use of appropriate storage technologies would alleviate the problems of storage damage, and iii) requiring a portfolio of grain quality characteristics to fit consumer preferences in local markets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Beans; Markets; Consumer preferences; Hedonic; Storage; Tanzania; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; D12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48644

Consumer Preferences for Biopreservatives in Beef and Pork Packaging and Testing the Importance of Product Origin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Unterschultz,   James R.; Quagrainie,   Kwamena K.; Veeman,   Michele M.
Recent food science research on packaging at the University of Alberta has focused on the use of biological agents (biopreservatives) to extend meat shelf life. This potential technology involves the introduction of microbial organisms into food packages to control or inhibit the growth of disease causing organisms such as Escherichia coli (commonly associated with hamburger disease). Biopreservatives are not yet in commercial use. The study evaluated Western Canadian consumers' preferences regarding the potential use of biopreservatives in fresh red meat packages (beef and pork). The study also assessed the effect of product origin on consumers' purchasing decisions; in particular, whether there is an increasing or decreasing probability of purchase if a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24043

Consumer Preferences for Cluster Raisins: A Focus Group Investigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Phillips,   Jon C.; Matt,   Garrett R.; Drukin,   April; Campeau-McAllister,   Kimberly; Campeau-McAllister,   Nicole; Solis,   Marco; Gipson,   Tenisha.
The U.S. raisin industry has experienced a decline in acreage and in number of growers in recent years. One firm is trying a novel approach to marketing raisins, namely, by marketing them still attached to the vine. This product is called cluster raisins. In order to explore consumer preferences related to cluster raisins, and to generate new product ideas and preferred marketing methods, two focus group interviews were implemented. Findings included that a young (i.e., 18 - 25 years) market segment would be a recommended target market. Also included are recommendations regarding price, packaging, and methods of increasing consumer awareness. Recommended marketing channels include specialty markets (e.g., Trader Joe's or Whole Foods) and gift baskets.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7425

CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS ALONG THE COWPEA VALUE CHAIN IN NIGERIA, GHANA AND MALI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mishili,   Fulgence J.; Fulton,   Joan R.; Shehu,   Musa; Kushwaha,   Saket; Marfo,   Kofi; Jamal,   Mustafa; Chergna,   Alpha; Lowenberg-DeBoer,   James.
The production and trade of cowpea (Vigna Uniculata), called "blackeyed peas" in the US, are a growing business for farmers and merchants serving the rapidly expanding urban areas of West and Central Africa. Cowpea fits the needs of the urban poor. It is an inexpensive source of protein that does not require refrigeration. A better understanding of consumer preferences for cowpea is essential to market development. The main objective of the study was to determine the cowpea grain quality characteristics that command a price premium or provoke a discount in Ghanaian, Malian and Nigerian markets. Specifically, the study looked at the impact of the grain size, texture, color, eye color, and bruchid-damaged grains on cowpea market prices. The data for the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28684

CONSUMER PROMOTION AND PURCHASE TIMING: THE CASE OF CHEESE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gould,   Brian W.
The dynamics of cheese purchases is analyzed by estimating a series of econometric models of duration based on a 170 week household panel. Besides purchase quantity and price data, information with respect to coupon use and household demographic characteristics are used in a variety of models which build upon each other in terms of assumed distribution of interpurchase time, effect of previous purchases, role of demographic characteristics and effect of unobserved interpurchase time heterogeneity. Likelihood ratio tests clearly reject the null hypothesis that coupon use has no impact on cheese purchase timing.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12664

CONSUMER VALUATION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS AND THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION BIAS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vanwechel,   Tamara; Wachenheim,   Cheryl J.; Schuck,   Eric C.; Lambert,   David K.
Bid prices were elicited for standard-label cookies, muffins, and potato chips and those identified as not including genetically modified (GM) ingredients using an experimental auction.  Including a statement that the product did not include GM ingredients increased bids over those offered for standard-label products.  Providing negative-biased information about the impact of GM crops on the environment increased the risk participants associated with GM foods, and positive-biased information decreased perceived risk.  Overall, providing impact information, whether positive- or negative-biased, increased bids for products presumed GM.  The influence of information bias on bids varied among selected participant groups, supporting the presence of uniquely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Environment; Experimental auction; Genetically modified; Information; Willingness-to-pay; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23620

CONSUMER WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR DOMESTIC MILK
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vandermersch,   Mieke; Mathijs,   Erik.
Dairy farmers'’ profit margins are under pressure due to the downward trend of EU commodity prices for fluid milk and the increasingly powerful retail sector, in combination with increasing production costs.  A likely solution to counter small margins is to add value to raw milk.  This paper investigates the option of using a domestic origin-certification to upgrade the value of milk.  Data stem from a consumer survey, conducted at the three largest supermarket chains in Flanders (Belgium).  The results show evidence for a latent demand for domestic milk.  Based on actually purchased brands in combination with top-of-mind attributes, two consumer types were distinguished (price-shoppers and added-value seekers), each with a different behaviour concerning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31829

Consumer Willingness to Pay for Food Safety in Beijing: A Case Study of Food Additives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Yuanyuan; Zeng,   Yinchu; Yu,   Xiaohua.
Constructing a theoretical framework and using a survey data of 294 customers from 25 supermarkets in Beijing, this paper studies the willingness to pay (WTP) for additive-free Mooncakes in Beijing and finds that age and income are important for WTP for “food safety” in China. Income is positively correlated with the WTP and there is an inverted-U-shaped relationship between age and WTP. This study indicates that consumers in Beijing are willing to pay 5.80 Yuan more for an additive-free Mooncake, which provides a good policy benchmark for the government regulation on food additives. Furthermore, the theoretical framework also provides a good benchmark for understanding WTP in the future study of food safety.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Safety; Willingness to Pay; Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice; Additive-Free Mooncakes; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51234

Consumers' Attitudes on Services of General Interest in the EU: Accessibility, Price and Quality 2000-2004
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fiorio,   Carlo V.; Florio,   M.; Salini,   S.; Ferrari,   P.A.
The research question addressed by this paper is a simple one: are European consumers happy with the services provided by the utilities after two decades of reforms? We focus on electricity, gas, water, telephone in the EU 15 Member States. The variables we analyse are consumers' satisfaction with accessibility, price and quality, as reported in three waves of Eurobarometer survey, 2000-2002-2004, comprising around 47,000 observations. We use ordered logit models to analyze the impact of privatization and regulatory reforms, as represented by an OECD dataset, controlling for individual and country characteristics. Our results do not support a clear association between consumers' satisfaction and a standard reform package of privatization, vertical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12195

Consumers' Demand for Pork Quality: Applying Semantic Network Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Grebitus,   Carola; Bruhn,   Maike.
Consideration of consumers' demand for food quality entails several aspects. Quality itself is a complex and dynamic concept, and constantly evolving technical progress may cause changes in consumers' judgment of quality. To improve our understanding of the factors influencing the demand for quality, food quality must be defined and measured from the consumer's perspective (Cardello, 1995). The present analysis addresses the issue of food quality, focusing on pork-the food that respondents were concerned about. To gain insight into consumers' demand, we analyzed their perception and evaluation and focused on their cognitive structures concerning pork quality. In order to more fully account for consumers' concerns about the origin of pork, in 2004 we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cognitive structures; Concept mapping; Food quality; Network analysis; Semantic networks; Spreading activation network model; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18402

Consumers’ evaluations of socially responsible activities in retailing
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Herpen,   Erica; Pennings,   Joost M.E.; Meulenberg,   Matthew T.G.
We approach Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a process in which particular CSR activities impact on consumers’ store evaluation and trust. We hypothesize that consumers classify CSR activities along two dimensions: (1) the beneficiary of the activity and (2) the intrinsic contribution of the retailer, implying that consumers are interested in who reaps the benefits of the activity and how much the retailer invests in the activity. This conceptualization is confirmed in two field studies with 823 and 486 consumers. These field studies also show that consumers who perceive more CSR have more trust in the store and that their overall evaluation of the store is higher. Furthermore, it is shown that even though CSR affects both outcomes, the effect on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46730

CONSUMER'S PERCEPTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS AND THE DEMAND FOR FOOD SAFETY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
Public concern regarding food safety has emerged as a major policy issue. Chemicals and biotechnological processes are perceived as risks of food safety despite their contribution to an efficient, low cost agriculture and food industry. Increases in uses of biotechnological processes for foods are expected to be a major potential source of productivity improvements for Alberta and Canadian agriculture in future years. However, the demand for food safety involves increasing awareness and concern by consumers of chemical inputs and biotechnological processes in the agriculture and food industries. Nonetheless, there is a lack of basic economic and agricultural economic theory and methodology to analyze these issues and a need for policy, socioeconomics and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24040

CONSUMERS, PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veeman,   Michele M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24079

Consumers' Responses to the Potential Use of Bovine Somatotrophin in Canadian Dairy Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuperis,   Peter; Veeman,   Michele M.; Adamowicz,   Wiktor L.
The responses of a random sample of consumers to the use of bovine somatotrophin (BST) in milk production were elicited using a stated preference methodology. A multinomial logit model of consumer choice was developed and tested to analyse consumers' choices of milk with varying characteristics of fat content, price, freshness and BST treatment. Welfare calculations for a representative consumer indicate welfare losses with the introduction of BST which are not fully offset by preferred milk attributes such as reduced price or increased freshness levels. Welfare losses were slightly less for a male than a female consumer and were less for consumers with higher levels of income and education. Losses were greatest when a representative consumer was denied...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24104

Consumption and Precautionary Saving: An Empirical Analysis under Both Financial and Environmental Risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Baiardi,   Donatella; Manera,   Matteo; Menegatti,   Mario.
This paper studies the empirical relationship between consumption and saving under two different sources of uncertainty: financial risk and environmental risk. The analysis is carried out using time series data for six advanced economies in the period 1965-2007. The results support the theoretical conclusions that both financial risk alone and the interaction between financial and environmental risks affect consumption. Moreover, we suggest a solution to some shortcomings which concern the empirical analysis performed with one-argument utility functions. Finally, we provide new estimates of indexes of relative risk aversion and relative prudence, and relative preference of environmental quality.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumption; Precautionary Saving; Financial Risk; Environmental Risk; Prudence; Relative Risk Aversion; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; D81; E21; Q50.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115845

CONSUMPTION EFFECTS OF GENETIC MODIFICATION: WHAT IF CONSUMERS ARE RIGHT?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Giannakas,   Konstantinos; Fulton,   Murray E.
This paper develops a model of differentiated consumers to examine the consumption effects of genetic modification (GM) under alternative labeling regimes and segregation enforcement scenarios. Analytical results show that if consumers perceive GM products as being different than their traditional counterparts, genetic modification affects consumer welfare and, thus, consumption decisions. When the existence of market imperfections in one or more stages of the supply chain prevents the transmission of cost savings associated with the new technology to consumers, genetic modification results in welfare losses for consumers. The analysis shows that the relative welfare ranking of the “no labeling” and “mandatory labeling” regimes depends on: (i) the level of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16042

Consumption Growth in a Booming Economy: Taiwan 1976-96
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McKenzie,   David.
Consumption and income have both grown rapidly in Taiwan over the past forty years, with younger birth cohorts experiencing faster growth. The long upward trend in consumption presents a strong challenge to the consumption smoothing predictions of the Permanent Income Hypothesis. We investigate the extent to which consumption theory can account for this trend in an environment where a large majority of households have high savings rates. Household survey data from 1976-96 are used to estimate dynamic pseudo-panel models with inter-cohort heterogeneity. We evaluate the impacts on consumption of migration, mortality, household composition, liquidity constraints, unanticipated aggregate shocks, hyperbolic discounting, habit formation and precautionary saving....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumption growth; Pseudo-panel; Prudence; Taiwan; International Development; O12; O16; E21; C23.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28398

CONSUMPTION INSURANCE AND VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY: A SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH, ETHIOPIA, MALI, MEXICO, AND RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper synthesizes the results of five studies using household panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Mali, Mexico and Russia, which examine the extent to which households are able through formal and/or informal arrangements to insure their consumption from specific economic shocks and fluctuations in their real income. Building on the recent literature of consumption smoothing and risk sharing, the degree of consumption insurance is defined by the degree to which the growth rate of household consumption covaries with the growth rate of household income. All the cases studies show that food consumption is better insured than nonfood consumption from idiosyncratic shocks. Adjustments in nonfood consumption appear to act as a mechanism for partially...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Consumption; Ethiopia; Income; Mali; Mexico; Poverty; Risk-sharing; Russia; Vulnerability; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16424

CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING AND VULNERABILITY IN THE ZONE LACUSTRE, MALI
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harrower,   Sarah; Hoddinott,   John.
This paper explores risk sharing in the Zone Lacustre, Mali, as viewed through the lens of consumption smoothing. We find that idiosyncratic shocks appear to have little impact on consumption, and that households respond to these shocks in a variety of ways. In general, nonpoor households are more likely to enter into new income-generating activities while poor households are more likely to engage in credit or gift exchange or to ration consumption. When we construct a stronger test for consumption smoothing, we find that changes in household income lead to modest changes in consumption. Covariant shocks, as measured by village/round dummies, always lead to changes in consumption. These results are robust to concerns regarding bias resulting from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16396

Consumption Smoothing? Livestock, Insurance and Drought in Rural Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kazianga,   Harounan; Udry,   Christopher R.
This paper explores the extent of consumption smoothing between 1981 and 1985 in rural Burkina Faso. In particular, we examine the extent to which livestock, grain storage and interhousehold transfers are used to smooth consumption against income risk. The survey coincided with a period of severe drought, so that the results provide direct evidence on the effectiveness of these various insurance mechanisms when they are the most needed. We find evidence of little consumption smoothing. In particular, there is almost no risk sharing, and households rely almost exclusively on self-insurance in the form of adjustments to grain stocks to smooth out consumption. The outcome, however is far from complete smoothing. Hence the main risk-coping strategies, which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock; Consumption smoothing; Permanent income hypothesis; Precautionary saving; Risk sharing; Risk and Uncertainty; D91; O16.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28497

Consumption Smoothing, Migration and Marriage: Evidence from Rural India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosenzweig,   Mark R.; Stark,   Oded.
Migration in India, particularly in rural areas, is dominated by the movements of women for the purpose of marriage. We seek to explain these mobility patterns by examining marital arrangements among Indian households. In particular, we hypothesize that the marrying out of daughters to locationally distant, dispersed yet kinship-related households, are manifestations of implicit inter-household contractual arrangements aimed at mitigating income risks and facilitating consumption smoothing in an environment characterized by information costs and spatially covariant risks. Analysis of longitudinal South Indian village data lends support to the hypothesis. Marriage cum migration contributes significantly to a reduction in the variability of household food...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7515

CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL CARTELS AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: ECONOMIC EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPETITION POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Levenstein,   Margaret; Suslow,   Valerie Y.; Oswald,   Lynda J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14590

Contest with Attack and Defence: Does Negative Campaigning Increase or Decrease Voters’ Turnout?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Soubeyran,   Raphael.
We present a general model of two players contest with two types of efforts. Contrary to the classical models of contest, where each player chooses a unique effort, and where the outcome depends on the efforts of all the players, contestants are allowed to reduce the effort of the opponent. Defence increases one’s chance of winning while attack annihilates the defence of the opponent. This model has many applications like political campaigning, wars, competition among lobbies, job promotion competitions, or sport contests. We study the general model of contest with attacks and defence and propose an application to negative political campaigns, where two candidates arbitrate between disparaging their opponent or enhancing their own image. We propose...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12199

CONTEXT AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR ADAM SMITH'S THEOLOGICAL AND TELEOLOGICAL VIEWS, THE FOUNDATION OF HIS SYSTEM OF THOUGHT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alvey,   James E.
The paper will discuss some aspects of the context in which Smith wrote and its relevance for understanding Smith's fundamental assumptions. By fundamental assumptions, I mean Smith's views on teleology, final causes and divine design. These have been described as the "secret" foundations to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay the significance of these fundamental assumptions. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. The change...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23715

Context and the VSL: Evidence from a Stated Preference Study in Italy and the Czech Republic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Scasny,   Milan.
We report on the results of a survey based on conjoint choice experiments that was specifically designed to investigate the effect of context on the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL), an important input into the calculation of the mortality benefits of environmental policies that reduce premature mortality. We define “context” broadly to include i) the cause of death (respiratory illness, cancer, road traffic accident), ii) the beneficiary of the risk reduction (adult v. child), and iii) the mode of provision of the risk reduction (public program v. private good). The survey was conducted following similar protocols in Italy and the Czech Republic. When do not distinguish for the cause of death, child and adult VSL are not significantly different from one...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: VSL; Conjoint Choice Experiments; Mortality Risk Reductions; Cost-benefit Analysis; Forced Choice Questions; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I18; J17; K32; Q51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90952

Contextualising Teaching and Learning in Rural Primary Schools: Using Agricultural Experience - Volume 1
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Peter; Mulhall,   Abigail.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12884

Contextualising Teaching and Learning in Rural Primary Schools: Using Agricultural Experience - Volume 2
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mulhall,   Abigail; Taylor,   Peter; Malekela,   George A.; Ranaweera,   Padmini; Seshadri,   C.; Dibaba,   Berhanu.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12835

Continuing Concentration in Food Industries Globally: Strategic Challenges to an Unstable Status Quo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25190

Continuing Concentration in the U.S.: Strategic Challenges to an Unstable Status Quo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotterill,   Ronald W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25165

CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN CHINA'S RURAL PERIODIC MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott; Benzinger,   Vince; Huang,   Jikun.
Can we find traditional periodic markets in the milieu of market activity that abounds in contemporary China today?  As reform is transforming the rural economy, is periodic markets activity being intensified or undermined?  What factors account for the evolution of China's rural markets?  The goal of this paper is to provide answers to some of these questions.  In one sense, the study seeks to add to Skinner's seminal work by analyzing a set of primary data collected by the authors on periodic markets in today's rural China.  The paper subjects a number of Skinner's pre-dictions to quantitative testing, and updates his theory to account for institutional peculiarities in the contemporary period.  In another sense, however, our study stands on its own.  We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11979

Contract and Exit Decisions in Finisher Hog Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dong,   Fengxia; Hennessy,   David A.; Jensen,   Helen H.
Finisher hog production in North America has seen a shift toward larger production units and contract-organized production since around 1990. Given the efficiency gains and conversion costs associated with contract production, growers may have to choose between long-term commitment through investments and atrophy with intent to exit in the intermediate term. A model is developed to show that growers with any of three efficiency attributes (lower innate hazard of exit, variable costs, or fixed contract adoption costs) are not only more likely to contract but will also produce more and expend more on lowering business survival risks. Using the 2004 U.S. Agricultural Resource Management Survey for hogs, a recursive bivariate probit model is estimated in which...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural industrialization; Hog production; Occupation choice; Production contracts; Recursive bivariate probit; Relationship-specific investments; Sector dynamics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37331

Contract Duration and the Division of Labor in Agricultural Land Leases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yoder,   Jonathan K.; Hossain,   Ishrat; Epplin,   Francis M.; Doye,   Damona G.
Short-term contracts provide weak incentives for durable input investment if post-contract asset transfer is difficult. Our model shows that when both agents provide inputs, optimal contract length balances weak incentives of one agent against the other. This perspective broadens the existing contract duration literature, which emphasizes the tradeoff between risk sharing and contract costs. We develop hypotheses and test them based on private grazing contracts from the Southern Great Plains. We find broad support for the implications of our model. For example, landowners provide durable land-specific inputs more often under annual versus multiyear contracts.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land lease contracts; Moral hazard; Contract duration; Division of labor; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; J43; L23; Q15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12962

CONTRACT FINISHING FOR NEW ENTRANTS IN PORK PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Martin,   Laura L.; Rozeboom,   Dale; Schwab,   Gerald.
The pork production industry is a far different industry today than it was fifty, twenty, or even five years ago.  On diversified Midwestern farms during the mid-to-late 20th century, the swine enterprise was labeled "the mortgage lifter".  The hogs added value to home-produced feedstuffs such as corn and increased the income from a given acreage base.  As farm mechanization and technology rapidly developed, farms became larger and less diversified as livestock disappeared from many farmsteads.  In this paper, we address the question whether swine units can be introduced to non-livestock farms via a coordinated agreement for the grower-finisher phase and make these farms more profitable.  To do this, we first describe some of the changes that have taken...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11597

CONTRACT MARKETING IN THE US AFTER THE 2002 FARM ACT: THE CASE OF PEANUTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Nadolnyak,   Denis A.; Fletcher,   Stanley M.
The elimination of the marketing quota system that regulated the peanut market since the 1930s has been accompanied by the emergence of marketing contracts between farmers and peanut buyers (mainly peanut shellers). Two types of contracts have been observed, forward contracts for delivery at harvest or at a later date and “option to purchase” contracts. We analyze the clauses of contracts used by major shellers in order to infer the motivation behind these contracts (i.e., risk sharing, reduction of transaction costs, improve coordination, exercise of market power, etc.). The analysis points out that the main role of the contracts is to replace the marketing structure existing prior the 2002 Farm Act, where peanut marketing was quite regulated. In this...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: US agriculture; Agricultural marketing; Peanuts; Economics of agricultural contracts.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31930

Contract Production of Green Peas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Olesen,   Henrik Ballebye.
This paper analyzes a contract between farmers and a large company in the Danish food industry, Danisco Foods. Production of green peas requires a very accurate coordination, which is obtained through centralized decision-making. The contract is based on a tournament system providing risk sharing between the farmers. General problems from the contract theory such as hold up, moral hazard, risk sharing and screening are analyzed. The paper illustrates the tradeoffs between these problems in design of contracts. By negotiating the contract through a pea-growers association, the farmers gain some bargaining power. Thus the farmers can ensure that Danisco Foods uses only one contract for all farmers. This paper analyzes the consequences of the farmers'...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contract theory; Coordination; Incentives; Risk sharing; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24200

Contracting for Impure Public Goods: Carbon Offsets and Additionality
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mason,   Charles F.; Plantinga,   Andrew J.
Governments contracting with private agents for the provision of an impure public good must contend with agents who would potentially supply the good absent any payments. This additionality problem is centrally important in the use of carbon offsets as part of climate change mitigation. Analyzing optimal contracts for forest carbon sequestration, an important offset category, we conduct a national-scale simulation using results from an econometric model of land-use change. The results indicate that for an increase in forest area of 50 million acres, annual government expenditures with optimal contracts are about $4 billion lower compared than under a uniform subsidy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon Sequestration; Incentive Contracting; Offsets; Additionality; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; D8; L15.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101290

CONTRACTING FOR NON-POINT-SOURCE POLLUTION ABATEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bystrom,   Olof; Bromley,   Daniel W.
This paper presents an incentive scheme to control agricultural non-point-source pollution. The analysis is based on a nested agent framework with three parties; farmers, a country's government, and the governments of all countries that affect each other's environmental quality. Unlike previous analysis of incentive schemes to control agricultural pollution, we suggest non-individual contracts between farmers and a regulating authority as a solution to the domestic pollution problem. Our incentive scheme proposes collective penalties as a way to control pollution. To solve the international problem of pollution management of a common (water) resource, we propose an international agency with authority to write and enforce contracts in each of its member...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12620

CONTRACTING IN AGRICULTURE: A PRIMER FOR FARM LENDERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson,   Darren.
Contracting in agriculture has increased over the past several decades. This activity has heightened concerns about  concentration, market power, and farmer welfare. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the underlying motivations for contracting and to highlight some of the trade-offs made when making contracting decisions. These illustrations are intended to inform readers of the economic conditions for contracting, not provide empirical evidence of their implications, costs, or benefits.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contracting; Asset specificity; Transaction costs; Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15789

CONTRACTING STRATEGIES FOR EU TRACEABILITY REQUIREMENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
A principal-agent problem was specified to define the equilibrium solution of a contracting strategy for a U.S. supplier exporting wheat to meet EU traceability requirements.  The buyer (principal) offers a contract, the supplier (agent) accepts the contract, and then the supplier decides whether to offer a contract to the farmer.  Nature at each level of the supply chain represents uncertainty due to adventitious commingling and imperfect information.  Results indicate farmers would require 9 c/bu and suppliers 8 c/bu to induce their participation in the contracting strategy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Principal-Agent; Contracting; Genetically Modified; Wheat; European Union; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23535

Contracting with Smallholders under Joint Liability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kaminski,   Jonathan.
Replaced with revised version of paper Jan. 11, 2012
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contract farming; Moral hazard; Joint liability; Peer monitoring; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Public Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D82; L14; 013; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93128

Contractually Stable Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caulier,   Jean-Francois; Mauleon,   Ana; Vannetelbosch,   Vincent.
We develop a theoretical framework that allows us to study which bilateral links and coalition structures are going to emerge at equilibrium. We define the notion of coalitional network to represent a network and a coalition structure, where the network specifies the nature of the relationship each individual has with his coalition members and with individuals outside his coalition. To predict the coalitional networks that are going to emerge at equilibrium we propose the concept of contractual stability which requires that any change made to the coalitional network needs the consent of both the deviating players and their original coalition partners. We show that there always exists a contractually stable coalitional network under the simple majority...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Networks; Coalition Structures; Contractual Stability; Allocation Rules; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; A14; C70.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52343

CONTRIBUTING INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES TO THE GTAP DATA BASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huff,   Karen; McDougall,   Robert; Walmsley,   Terrie L.
This document is written for those who wish to contribute to the GTAP data base, whether by providing an input-output table for a country not separately represented in the data base, or by updating the table for a region that is already represented. It provides specifications and advice on the structure of the table, sectoral classification, treatment of imports, and other key points. It also describes what we at the Center for Global Trade Analysis do once we receive your table.   This version has been revised for use by contributors to release 5 of the GTAP data base. In particular, all concordances are to the revised GTAP sectoral classification developed for release 5.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28717

CONTRIBUTING TO TOURISM INDUSTRY VITALITY OF A NATURAL RESOURCE BASED REGION THROUGH EDUCATIONAL/TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blank,   Uel; Simonson,   Lawrence R.; Ballman,   Gary; Burke,   James; Korte,   Richard; Heikkila,   Arnie.
This report gives a comprehensive overview of a three-year extension education program designed to provide educational/technical assistance to the tourism industry serving the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in northeastern Minnesota.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13528

CONTRIBUTION OF HOSPITALS TO NORTH DAKOTA'S ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Community hospital administrators in North Dakota were surveyed to determine the amount and type of expenditures made to North Dakota entities in 1997.  Estimates of net revenues retained within the state were also solicited.  Forty-two of the 44 community hospitals in the state responded.  Economic activity from hospitals in the state was divided into two groups--community hospitals and all hospitals.  In-state expenditures for Federal and Native American facilities were generated from survey results. Expenditures and returns (direct impacts) from community hospitals in the state were about $832 million in 1997.  When the six military, Veteran, state, and tribal hospitals were included, industry-wide direct impacts increased to $904 million. Input-output...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hospitals; Economic impact; North Dakota; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23151

Contribution of Public Land Grazing to the North Dakota Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23344

CONTRIBUTION OF THE BISON INDUSTRY TO THE NORTH DAKOTA ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sell,   Randall S.; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
The commercial bison industry is relatively new to North Dakota.  There were an estimated 23,000 head of bison in North Dakota in 1998, and these animals were found in 47 of 53 counties.  The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic contribution of the bison industry to the North Dakota economy.  A survey of North Dakota bison producers and processors was conducted to provide estimates of direct impacts of bison activities within the state.  Secondary economic impacts were determined using the North Dakota Input-Output Model.  The direct impact of production and processing of bison in North Dakota in 1998 was estimated at $23 million.  The $23 million in direct impacts generated an additional $47 million in secondary impacts within the state. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bison industry; Bison production; Bison processing; North Dakota; Economic impact; Agribusiness; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23330

CONTRIBUTION OF THE BISON INDUSTRY TO THE NORTH DAKOTA ECONOMY; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sell,   Randall S.; Bangsund,   Dean A.; Leistritz,   F. Larry.
The commercial bison industry is relatively new to North Dakota.  There were an estimated 23,000 head of bison in North Dakota in 1998, and these animals were found in 47 of 53 counties.  The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic contribution of the bison industry to the North Dakota economy.  A survey of North Dakota bison producers and processors was conducted to provide estimates of direct impacts of bison activities within the state.  Secondary economic impacts were determined using the North Dakota Input-Output Model. The direct impact of production and processing of bison in North Dakota in 1998 was estimated at $23 million.  The $23 million in direct impacts generated an additional $47 million in secondary impacts within the state. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bison industry; Bison production; Bison processing; North Dakota; Economic impact; Agribusiness; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23355

CONTRIBUTION OF THE GREENVILLE HOSPITAL SYSTEM TO THE ECONOMIES OF GREENVILLE COUNTY AND THE SOUTH CAROLINA UPSTATE, 2000
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henry,   Mark S.; Barkley,   David L.; Warner,   Mellie L.
This report summarizes the economic and fiscal impacts of the Greenville Hospital System (GHS) on Greenville County and the South Carolina Upstate (Greenville, Anderson, Laurens, Oconee, Pickens and Spartanburg counties).    In 2000, GHS had operating revenues, net of adjustments for charity and negotiated charges, of $606 million and had 8,211 employees on the payroll for at least part of the year.  GHS also generates significant economic impacts from purchases of supplies, equipment, and utilities; from construction of new facilities; from local spending by GHS employees; and from local expenditures by visitors to the GHS patients and by students at GHS training programs.  Moreover, GHS payroll and expenditures result in local "multiplier" effects in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18795

CONTRIBUTION OF THE NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS UTILIZATION COMMISSION PROGRAMS TO THE STATE ECONOMY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hodur,   Nancy M.; Leistritz,   F. Larry; Hertsgaard,   Tarrand.
The North Dakota Agricultural Products Utilization Commission (APUC) has the mission of creating new wealth and jobs through the development of new and expanded uses for North Dakota agricultural products.  The Commission administers four grant programs encompassing basic and applied research, farm diversification, marketing and utilization, and prototype development.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the Commission's success in attaining its goals.  The project team examined the outcomes of a sample of grant recipients from each program type to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the program in meeting its stated objectives.  The time frame for the evaluation was 1995-2004.  During the study period, a total of $9.3 million was awarded to 396...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic development; Agricultural processing; North Dakota; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23653

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE 4TH YOUNG SCIENTISTS WORKSHOP ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE YSW-2006
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bokusheva,   Raushan; Buchenrieder,   Gertrud.
This Discussion Paper contains the greater part of the contributions to the Young Scientists Workshop on Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO, September 4-5, 2006). After last years’ positive response, the workshop has been organized for the fourth time and has a solid number of contributions. The aim of this annual event is to give young scientists the opportunity to present and discuss their transition-related research. The following short versions of the workshop contributions serve as a basis for discussion during the workshop, but also offer a cross-sectional overview of current research being carried out by young scientists. Although the issues covered by the workshop contributions are quite diverse, they share a common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91964

Contributory Value of Riparian Rights to Real Property
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Evans,   Alma A.; Thompson,   C. Stassen; Sureshwaran,   Suresh.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116880

CONTROL AND OWNERSHIP OF ASSETS WITHIN RURAL ETHIOPIAN HOUSEHOLDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fafchamps,   Marcel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper investigates how the control and devolution of productive assets are allocated among husband and wife. Theory predicts that bargaining power within marriage depends on the division of assets upon divorce (exit option) and on control over assets during marriage (noncooperative marriage). In empirical applications, bargaining power is typically proxied by variables such as dowry payments, assets brought to marriage, and ownership of assets within marriage. Using detailed household data from rural Ethiopia, we show that assets brought to marriage, ownership of assets, control within marriage, and disposition upon death or divorce are only partly related (strictly speaking, surveyed households do not “own” land since all agricultural land is legally...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16384

CONTROL IN A DYNAMIC ECONOMY: MODELING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE CHINESE VILLAGE LEADER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rozelle,   Scott; Boisvert,   Richard N.
Village leaders in the Chinese reform economy are assumed to maximize a multiple-attribute utility function; their behavior is modeled in a dynamic control framework. Using village data, structural and control equations for industrial output, grain yields, capital, non-farm employment and hybrid rice are estimated. Results confirm hypotheses that village leaders are preoccupied with rural industrialization but are also concerned about maintaining high agricultural productivity to meet grain obligations.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6330

Control of Dioxins (and other Organochlorines) from the Pulp and Paper Industry under the Clean Water Act and Lead in Soil at Superfund Mining Sites: Two Case Studies in EPA's Use of Science
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Powell,   Mark R.
This paper discusses EPA's acquisition and use of science in addressing dioxins (and other organochlorines) from the pulp and paper industry under the Clean Water Act and lead in soil at large Superfund mining sites. The common thread between both cases is the challenge posed by administering national pollution control programs while considering site-by-site variability in factors that influence environmental risks. In the first case study, high levels of dioxin in fish downstream of pulp and paper mills were inadvertently detected in 1983 as part of an EPA effort to determine background levels of dioxin in areas presumed to be relatively uncontaminated. These findings quickly got the release of dioxins from pulp and paper mills on EPA's research agenda....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10610

CONTROL OF LAND AND LIFE IN BURMA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hudson-Rodd,   Nancy; Nyunt,   Myo.
The most significant land problems in Burma remain those associated with landlessness, rural poverty, inequality of access to resources, and a military regime that denies citizen rights and is determined to rule by force and not by law. A framework to ensure the sustainable development of land is needed to address social, legal, economic and technical dimensions of land management. This framework can only be created and implemented within and by a truly democratic nation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and state -- Burma Land use; Rural--Burma Land use; Rural--Government policy--Burma Agricultural policy -- Burma Land administration -- Burma Agricultural and Food Policy Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12817

Controlling a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Abatement Capital and Asymmetric Information
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Zhang,   Jiangfeng.
Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms' beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling greenhouse gasses. The endogeneity of abatement capital favors taxes, and it increases abatement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Investment; Asymmetric information; Rational expectations; Choice of instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25071

Controlling Ozone and Fine Particulates: Cost Benefit Analysis with Meteorological Variability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Bergin,   Michelle S.; Krupnick,   Alan J.; Russell,   Armistead G.
In this paper, we develop an integrated cost-benefit analysis framework for ozone and fine particulate control, accounting for variability and uncertainty. The framework includes air quality simulation, sensitivity analysis, stochastic multi-objective air quality management, and stochastic cost-benefit analysis. This paper has two major contributions. The first is the development of stochastic source-receptor (S-R) coefficient matrices for ozone and fine particulate matter using an advanced air quality simulation model (URM-1ATM) and an efficient sensitivity algorithm (DDM-3D). The second is a demonstration of this framework for alternative ozone and PM2.5 reduction policies. Alternative objectives of the stochastic air quality management model include...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ambient air; Ozone; Particulate matter; Risk management; Public policy; Cost-benefit analysis; Variability and uncertainty; Stochastic simulation; Stochastic multi-objective programming; Decision-making; National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; Q2; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10735

Controlling Urban Air Pollution Caused by Households: Uncertainty, Prices, and Income
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chavez,   Carlos A.; Stranlund,   John K.; Gomez,   Walter.
We examine the control of air pollution caused by households burning wood for heating and cooking in the developing world.  Since the problem is one of controlling emissions from nonpoint sources, regulations are likely to be directed at household choices of wood consumption and combustion technologies. Moreover, these choices are subtractions from, or contributions to, the pure public good of air quality. Consequently, the efficient policy design is not independent of the distribution of household income. Since it is unrealistic to assume that environmental authorities can make lump sum income transfers part of control policies, efficient control of air pollution caused by wood consumption entails a higher tax on wood consumption and a higher subsidy for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Urban air pollution; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; H23; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93964

CONTROVERSY ABOUT AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY: LESSONS FROM THE GREEN REVOLUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ruttan,   Vernon W.
The development and introduction of transgenically modified organisms to enhance crop and animal production has generated considerable controversy about potential food safety and environmental impacts. The introduction in tropical Latin America and Asia of high yielding varieties of wheat, maize and rice beginning in the late 1960s was also controversial. Critics argued that the new technology was biased against the poor-would make the rich richer and the poor poorer. In this paper I review the equity and productivity impacts of the "green revolution" technology and draw several inferences about evaluation the effects of the new biotechnologies in agricultural production.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13885

CONVENIENCE STORE PRACTICES AND PROGRESS WITH EFFICIENT CONSUMER RESPONSE: THE MINNESOTA CASE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ashman,   Sara M.; King,   Robert P.
The adoption of Efficient Consumer Response (ECR) practices by Minnesota convenience store (C- store) is explained in this study.  Data were collected through a mail survey distributed to more than 250 Minnesota C-stores ranging in size from single, independently owned stores to over 100 store chains.  The survey instrument was developed to collect data on the following components important to C-store operations and the implementation of ECR:  information systems, ordering, receiving, inventory management, and pricing practices.  Findings are presented from three distinct perspectives:  1. Location:  Rural C-stores, which often meet customer needs that were once met by small supermarkets, carried a wider range of products and offered more services than...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization; Marketing.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14308

Convergence and the Effects of Spatial Interaction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niebuhr,   Annekatrin.
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the issue of income convergence has received considerable attention in economic research. Although a vast number of empirical studies has emerged, evidence on the role of spatial interaction is still rather scarce. The present paper is an attempt to provide additional information on the spatial aspect of convergence. Spatial econometric methods are used to investigate regional convergence in West Germany. The results indicate that spatial interaction is an important element of regional growth. However, considering spatial effects does not alter the general conclusion that regional income growth is characterised by a process of convergence.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional convergence; Spatial interaction; Spatial econometrics; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C52; O18; R11.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26351

Convergence Criteria for Participation in the Flexible Mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Michaelowa,   Axel; Dutschke,   Michael; Stronzik,   Marcus.
The authors suggest a multi-layered system of three convergence criteria - similar to those used in the run-up to the European monetary union - that define the notion of "demonstrable progress" towards reaching the emission commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. These are the existence of an independently evaluated national emissions inventory, the level of domestic policies and measures, and the quantitative convergence of emissions towards the Kyoto target. While the first of these criteria constitutes a necessary condition for participation in the use of flexible instruments, the other two determine the degree of participation allowed for any given Annex I country. Wir schlagen - analog zur Bestimmung der Teilnehmer an der Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26186

Convergence in Local Government Spending: Evidence from Wisconsin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deller,   Steven C.; Skidmore,   Mark.
A substantial body of theoretical and empirical evidence demonstrates that interregional competition for factors of production leads to convergence of per capita output. Is there an analogous process that leads to convergence of public sector activity? Skidmore, et al (2004) develop a model that is consistent with the macroeconomic growth literature, which predicts convergence in government spending. Based on this framework, we test for convergence in government spending using detailed data from Wisconsin for a variety of municipal government expenditure categories over the 1989/90-1999/2000 period. Our empirical investigation provides compelling evidence of convergence in capita government spending for all the expenditure categories we study. This work...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12635

CONVERGENCE IN U.S. TFP GROWTH FOR AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS OF INTERSTATE RESEARCH SPILLOVERS FOR FUNDING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCunn,   Alan; Huffman,   Wallace E.
This paper examines state agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) data, 1950-1982, for evidence of convergence, i.e., TFP growth rates of the future are inversely related to the TFP level at the starting data.  After finding evidence of convergence, the paper examines the contributions of public and private R&amp;D to convergence and presents implications for a more efficient organization of public agricultural research.  For example, we find that increasing a states own investment in public agricultural research reduces the rate of TFP convergence but larger public investments in surrounding areas that potentially spillin increase the rate of convergence.  Also, the results imply that the average rate of convergence in our best fitting model is about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Total factor productivity; States; Spillins; Growth; Public research; Agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18266

CONVERGENCE OF FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN EUROPE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elsner,   Karin; Hartmann,   Monika.
This paper is a first attempt to analyze whether convergence of food consumption between Eastern and Western Europe since the beginning of transition can be detected. The study refers to the 10 EU-associated Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) and the EU-15. If convergence is a fact, changes in EU food consumption could be a useful indicator for future food consumption patterns in the CEECs. With the end of the socialist era, prices and income have become major determinants of food consumption and the total per capita calorie consumption, as well as the calorie share of animal products, have declined in most CEECs. At the same time, many products that could not be purchased in the past have become available, trade has risen significantly, and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14875

CONVERGENCE OF THE G-7: A COINTEGRATION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weatherspoon,   Dave D.; Seale,   James L., Jr.; Moss,   Charles B.
Income convergence among the G-7 countries was demonstrated using Theil's inequality (entropy) index.  G-7 convergence was also found for three potential factors of influence on economic growth: government expenditure, investment expenditure, and industrial employment.  Pairwise cointegration tests indicated that income inequality was cointegrated with the other three inequality measures  for the time period of 1950-88.  Finally, Johansen's I(2) multi-cointegration tests indicated that three of the four inequality measures (i.e. income, investment expenditure, and industrial employment) were cointegrated suggesting that there exists a long-run equilibrium between the inequality in income, investment expenditure, and industrial employment.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11675

CONVERSION SUBSIDIES FOR ORGANIC PRODUCTION: RESULTS FROM SWEDEN AND LESSONS FOR THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Salomonsson,   Lennart.
Environmental and social justifications for organic conversion subsidies are as pervasive in the United States as in Europe, but national policy does not explicitly support organic agriculture.  Using Sweden's experience, we analyze factors that affect whether a subsidy is required to motivate organic conversion.  We use a utility difference model to compare farmers who converted before and after the subsidy.  Significant factors in conversion without subsidies are greater livestock diversity and more sales outlets.  Farmers requiring subsidies manage larger farms, are more concerned with organic inspection quality and adequacy of technical advice, and reside in areas with more organic farms.  Results suggest that a subsidy induces mainly those already...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Organic agriculture; Utility difference model; Public policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16640

COOL and Consumers' Willingness to Pay in the Fresh Produce Industry - Some Initial Impressions from the Field
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sterns,   James A.; House,   Lisa; VanSickle,   John J.; Wysocki,   Allen F.
The debate about Country-of-Origin labeling (COOL) has centered on the projected benefits and costs of its implementation. This study uses data from a Vickery auction (n=320) to estimate willingness to pay for COOL. Preliminary findings suggest, on average, consumers value COOL, are not homogenous, and prefer fresh produce grown in the U.S.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15644

Co-Operation and Competition in International Container Transport Strategies for Ports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heaver,   T.; Meersman,   H.; van de Voorde,   E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24173

COOPERATION AND WEALTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stark,   Oded.
We calculate the equilibrium fraction of cooperators in a population in which payoffs accrue from playing a single-shot prisoner's dilemma game. Individuals who are hardwired as cooperators or defectors are randomly matched into pairs, and cooperators are able to perfectly find out the type of a partner to a game by incurring a recognition cost. We show that the equilibrium fraction of cooperators relates negatively to the population's level of wealth.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18763

Cooperation in transboundary water sharing under climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bhaduri,   Anik; Manna,   Utpal; Barbier,   Edward B.; Liebe,   Jens.
As multiple countries share a river, the likelihood of a water resource conflict from climate change could be higher between countries. In this paper, we demonstrate how countries can cooperate in transboundary water sharing in a sustainable way, given the impacts of climate change. We illustrate the case of water sharing of the Volta River between the upstream and downstream country, Burkina Faso and Ghana respectively, where the latter country faces a tradeoff of water use between agriculture in the north and production of hydro energy in the south. In the framework of a stochastic Stackelberg differential game, we have shown how the issue of water sharing could be linked to hydropower export that can make water sharing between the countries sustaining...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Water sharing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51303

Cooperation, Stability and Self-Enforcement in International Environmental Agreements: A Conceptual Discussion
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chander,   Parkash; Tulkens,   Henry.
In essence, any international environmental agreement (IEA) implies cooperation of a form or another. The paper seeks for logical foundations of this. It first deals with how the need for cooperation derives from the public good aspect of the externalities involved, as well as with where the source of cooperation lies in cooperative game theory. In either case, the quest for efficiency is claimed to be at the root of cooperation. Next, cooperation is considered from the point of view of stability. After recalling the two competing concepts of stability in use in the IEA literature, new insights on the nature of the gamma core in general are given as well as of the Chander-Tulkens solution within the gamma core. Free riding is also evaluated in relation...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12170

Cooperation through Imitation and Exclusion in Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fosco,   Constanza; Mengel,   Friederike.
We develop a simple model to study the coevolution of interaction structures and action choices in Prisoners’ Dilemma games. Agents are boundedly rational and choose both actions and interaction partners via payoff-based imitation. The dynamics of imitation and exclusion yields polymorphic outcomes under a wide range of parameters. Depending on the parameters of the model two scenarios can arise. Either there is “full separation” of defectors and cooperators, i.e. they are found in two different, disconnected components. Or there is “marginalization” of defectors, i.e. connected networks emerge with a center of cooperators and a periphery of defectors. Simulations confirm our analytical results and show that the share of cooperators increases with the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Game Theory; Cooperation; Imitation Learning; Network Formation; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C70; C73; D85.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50723

COOPERATIVE COORDINATION IN THE HOG-PORK SYSTEM: EXAMPLES FROM  EUROPE AND THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schrader,   Lee F.; Boehlje,   Michael.
The traditional organization of the hog-pork subsector, characterized by independent hog production and open market coordination, is being challenged as never before.  Rapid growth of large, industrialized production firms with close ties to processors in non-traditional areas such as North Carolina and Colorado indicate the need for change in traditional systems in the Midwest if these producers and communities are to continue to participate in the hog- pork subsector.  Given that few, if any, traditional producers have the capital to attain minimum cost size for a complete production system that fully uses new more efficient technology, some means to coordinate production and marketing of a number of producers will be required.  Cooperative coordination...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cooperative coordination; Hog-pork system; Industrialization; Food chain coordination; Alternative cooperative models; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28611

Cooperative Formation and Financial Contracting in Agricultural Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hueth,   Brent; Marcoul,   Philippe; Ginder,   Roger G.
Cooperative formation in agriculture sometimes occurs in response to the exit of a private firm and typically requires substantial equity investment by participating farmers. What economic rationale can explain why farmers are willing to contribute capital to an activity that fails to attract non-farm, or "private" investment? We hypothesize that doing so is a costly mechanism for increasing the maximum penalty farmers face in the case of business failure. For a given market environment, exposing farmers to this risk increases the amount of surplus that can be used to repay lenders, thus expanding the set of market environments in which financing is available. We show how equity investment of this sort can be an efficient organizational response to a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cooperative; Corporate finance; Moral hazard; Vertical integration; Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18610

COOPERATIVE FORMATION AND FINANCIAL CONTRACTING IN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hueth,   Brent; Marcoul,   Philippe; Ginder,   Roger G.
Cooperative formation in agriculture sometimes occurs in response to the exit of a private firm and typically requires substantial equity investment by participating farmers. What economic rationale can explain why farmers are willing to contribute capital to an activity that (apparently) fails to attract non-farm or "private" investment? We hypothesize that farm capital is high cost, relative to that provided by private entrepreneurs (or in other words, that there is a degree of asset fixity in farm capital) but that it engenders greater organizational commitment-which is particularly important when expected market returns are low-on the part of producers. This commitment arises from the indirect incentive properties associated with at-risk capital. We...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cooperative; Corporate financing; Moral hazard; Vertical integration; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18478

COOPERATIVE LABOR ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parliament,   Claudia; Tsur,   Yacov; Zilberman,   David.
Understanding the allocation of labor between collective and private activities within cooperatives has been an issue of interest for economists and policy makers.  This paper extends existing literature by incorporating income uncertainty from both private and collective activities, and by assuming that members are risk averse.  The analysis suggests a member's labor response to policy parameters can be decomposed into three components: the mean effect, reflecting the labor response under certainty or risk neutrality; the variance effect, reflecting the response to changes in risk; and the wealth effect, reflecting the response to changes in risk aversion associated with changes in wealth.  The analysis demonstrates the labor response may be reversed from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13672

COOPERATIVE MARKETING IN SPECIALTY GRAINS AND IDENTITY PRESERVED GRAIN MARKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Janzen,   Edward L.; Wilson,   William W.
Marketing of specialty and identity preserved grains has become an important strategy in the grain marketing industry and is being driven, in part, by consumer and processor demand and an interest in non-GM products.  This study provides background and practices of numerous organizations involved in marketing of specialty/identity preserved grains.  Supporting marketing activities are reviewed.  Key factors in the success (or failure) of their efforts are identified.  Major challenges facing the participants in the specialty/IP grain marketing industry are discussed.  The primary focus is on the role of agricultural cooperatives and producer owned alliances.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Identity preservation; IP; Segregation; Traceability; Specialty products; Genetically modified; GM; Non-GM; Cooperative; Alliance.; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23558

CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATION IN RURAL CANADA AND THE AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVE MOVEMENT IN CHINA: A COMPARISON
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shufang,   Zhu; Apedaile,   Leonard Peter.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31776

Cooperative Risk Management: Rationale and Effectiveness
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manfredo,   Mark R.; Richards,   Timothy J.
Agricultural cooperatives tend to be riskier than investor-oriented firms, both in a business and financial sense. However, cooperative managers are often reluctant to actively manage risk.  Although the “risk management irrelevance proposition” suggests that cooperative managers should be unable to add shareholder value through risk management activities, this study argues that there are several reasons why this is not likely to be the case for cooperatives. Several empirical examples are provided through numerical simulation of pro-forma financial statements from representative agricultural cooperatives. Using mean variance, expected utility and value-at-risk metrics, the results of these simulations show that various risk management strategies can...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cooperative; Expected utility; Futures; Option; Risk management; Value at risk.; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28540

Cooperative Supply Chains in Peace and at War
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agrell,   Per J.; Karantininis,   Kostas.
In the competition between supply chains, governance structure and coordination mechanisms can be as important as cost-efficiency. Flexible and non-committing contracts among upstream suppliers in cooperative alliances may lead to lower chain surplus through internal competition and renders the coordinator's position vulnerable for hostile take-overs. Cooperative supply chains are found in e.g. food industry, banking services, lawfirms and brokerage. The downstream processing or brand is owned collectively by the suppliers or service-providers. The supplier are linked to the chain by strong delivery (channel) rights and volume-based revenue-sharing schemes. The governance is flexible, promotes entry and market expansion. However, the decentralized decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24209

Cooperatives and Contracting in Agriculture: The Case of West Liberty Foods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ginder,   Roger G.; Hueth,   Brent; Marcoul,   Philippe.
The West Liberty Foods turkey cooperative was formed in 1996 to purchase the assets and assume operations of Louis Rich Foods (an investor-owned processing firm), which, at the time, announced the imminent shutdown of its West Liberty, Iowa, processing facility. We study the creation and performance of this "new generation" cooperative using field interviews with grower members and company management. We describe changes, before and after the buyout, in the contractual apparatus used for procuring live turkeys, and in the communication requirements, work expectations, and financial positions of growers. During the private ownership period, most of the inputs (except labor and facilities) were provided by the firm; there was substantial supervision of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cooperatives; Procurement; Financial contracting; Agriculture; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18583

CO-OPERATIVES AND FARMERS IN THE NEW AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fulton,   Murray E.; Sanderson,   Kim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31780

COOPERATIVES AND INVESTOR OWNED FIRMS: DO THEY MARCH TO THE SAME DRUMMER?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parliament,   Claudia; Fulton,   Joan R.; Lerman,   Zvi.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14028

COOPERATIVES, CAPPER-VOLSTEAD AND THE ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13251

CO-OPERATIVES IN THE REPUBlIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abduganiyev,   Abdukakhkhor A.
The development of farmers' producer co-operatives, in the privet sector, can make a significant contribution to the improvements that are urgently required in agricultural production of Uzbekistan. Farmers' co-operatives can provide input-supply, marketing and processing operations in the private sector. In this report, relevant areas within the agricultural sector were reviewed, constraints identified and recommendations made for the future development of farmers' co-operatives in Uzbekistan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24009

Cooperatives' Merger Strategies: The MD Foods - Klover Maelk Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agrell,   Per J.; Karantininis,   Kostas.
Since March 1999 the two largest dairy cooperatives of Denmark, MD FOODS and KLOVER MAELK have merged after a long relationship ranging from joint ventures (such as the P–-AMBA and M–-AMBA companies) to various alleged price wars. We point out that the main reasons for merger from the point of view of MD FOODS were: (i) to establish monopoly power on the domestic market, (ii) to pursue an international growth strategy, (iii) to exploit rationality and coordination gains in the operations. Further, the merger counters the threat of (iv) an alleged foreign take-over of KLOVER, (v) further pressure by the Danish Competition Authority, and (vi) the increased concentration through mergers taking place in the dairy and retail industries in Europe. The...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Merger; Danish dairy industry; Farm cooperatives; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24193

Coordinating Development: Can Income-based Incentive Schemes Eliminate Pareto Inferior Equilibria?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bond,   Philip; Pande,   Rohini.
Individuals’ inability to coordinate investment may significantly constrain economic development. In this paper we study a simple investment game characterized by multiple equilibria and ask whether an income-based incentive scheme can uniquely implement the high investment outcome. A general property of this game is the presence of a crossover investment point at which an individual’s incomes from investment and non-investment are equal. We show that arbitrarily small errors in the government’s knowledge of this crossover point can prevent unique implementation of the high investment outcome. We conclude that informational requirements are likely to severely limit a government’s ability to use income-based incentive schemes as a coordination device.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Coordination; Public policy; Income taxation; Implementation; International Development; O21; H23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28436

COORDINATING STRATEGY DECISIONS IN SAO PAULO'S FRESH MARKETS:  AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE PETERSON, WYSOCKI AND HARSH MODEL
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mainville,   Denise Y.; Peterson,   H. Christopher.
Transaction cost economics revolutionized economists understanding of coordination strategy decisions, bringing into the economic equation questions of how the attributes of a transaction affect the governance decision, particularly given the reality of bounded rationality and possibility for opportunism among partners in an exchange. Despite the explanatory power of transaction cost models, they have been criticized on theoretical grounds and for operational shortcomings. Specifically, Dow points out that in order to compare transaction costs across different governance structures, the characteristics of the transaction must be constant regardless of the governance structure in question (Dow in Dietrich 1994 p 4). This is rarely the case in reality. In...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11629

Coordinating to Eradicate Animal Disease, and the Role of Insurance Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.
Farmed animal production has traditionally been a dispersed sector. Biosecurity actions relevant to eradicating infectious diseases are generally non-contractible, and might involve inordinately high transactions costs if they were contractible. If an endemic disease is to be eradicated within a region, synchronized actions need to be taken to reduce incidence below a critical mass so that spread can be contained. Using a global game model of coordination under public and private information concerning the critical mass required, this paper characterizes the success probability in an eradication campaign. As is standard in global games, heterogeneity in private signals can support a unique equilibrium. Partly because of strategic interactions, concentrated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biosecurity; Coordination failure; Disease insurance; Endemic disease; Global games; Market access; Public information; Veterinary public health; Livestock Production/Industries; D8; H4; Q1.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7702

Coordination after gains and losses: Is prospect theory’s value function predictive for games?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schade,   Christian; Schroeder,   Andreas; Krause,   Kai Oliver.
We analyze the effects of prior gain and loss experiences on individuals’ behavior in two coordination games: battle of the sexes and simultaneous market entry. We propose subjectively transformed games that integrate elements of prospect theory, aggregation of prior and subsequent payoffs, and social projection. Mathematical predictions of behavior are derived based on equilibrium selection concepts. Males’ behavior in our experimental studies is largely consistent with our predictions. However, the behavior of many female respondents appears to be rather consistent with interpreting the initial random lottery outcomes used to manipulate prior experiences as a signal for the players’ abilities to compete. This could be related to females’ known uneasiness...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Prospect Game Theory; Prior Outcomes; Coordination; Equilibrium Selection; Economic Experiment; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59524

Coordination Failures and the Lender of Last Resort: Was Bagehot Right After All?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rochet,   Jean-Charles; Vives,   Xavier.
The classical doctrine of the Lender of Last Resort, elaborated by Thornton (1802) and Bagehot (1873), asserts that the Central Bank should lend to "illiquid but solvent" banks under certain conditions. Several authors have argued that this view is now obsolete: when interbank markets are efficient, a solvent bank cannot be illiquid. This paper provides a possible theoretical foundation for rescuing Bagehot's view. Our theory does not rely on the multiplicity of equilibria that arises in classical models of bank runs. We build a model of banks' liquidity crises that possesses a unique Bayesian equilibrium. In this equilibrium, there is a positive probability that a solvent bank cannot find liquidity assistance in the market. We derive policy implications...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Central Bank policy; Interbank market; Prudential regulation; Liquidity ratio; Solvency ratio; Transparency; Prompt corrective action; Orderly failure resolution; Global games; Supermodular games; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26264

Coordination for Long-Term Food Security by Government, Private Sector and Donors: Issues and Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nijhoff,   Jan J.; Tschirley,   David L.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Tembo,   Gelson; Arlindo,   Pedro; Mwiinga,   Billy; Shaffer,   James D.; Weber,   Michael T.; Donovan,   Cynthia; Boughton,   Duncan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Downloads June 2008 - June 2009: 20.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11319

Coordination in Networks Formation: Experimental Evidence on Learning and Salience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernasconi,   Michele; Galizzi,   Matteo M.
We present experiments on repeated non-cooperative network formation games, based on Bala and Goyal (2000). We treat the one-way and the two-ways flow models, each for high and low link costs. The models show both multiple equilibria and coordination problems. We conduct experiments under various conditions which control for salient labeling and learning dynamics. Contrary to previous experiments, we find that coordination on non-empty Strict Nash equilibria is not an easy task for subjects to achieve, even in the mono-directional model where the Strict Nash equilibria is a wheel. We find that salience significantly helps coordination, but only when subjects are pre-instructed to think of the wheel network as a reasonable way to play the networking game....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12159

COORDINATION IN THE UNITED STATES HOG/PORK INDUSTRY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schrader,   Lee F.
This contribution to a multi-country study of vertical coordination in the hog/pork sector provides a primarily descriptive analysis of coordination of the U.S.  hog/pork industry. A common framework of review and analysis is used to facilitate comparison  of the industries in Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, and the U.S. The concepts of chain  management are used to reach some conclusions regarding the U.S. industry to compete in world markets. Parallel coordination systems are identified. Lack of trust is found to limit development of closer coordination and to limit communication of users' preferences upstream in the sector.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Vertical Coordination; Supply chain; Swine sector; Agribusiness.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28655

Copenhagen and Beyond: Reflections on China’s Stance and Responses
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zhang,   ZhongXiang.
China had been singled out by Western politicians and media for dragging its feet on international climate negotiations at Copenhagen, the accusations previously always targeted on the U.S. To put such a criticism into perspective, this paper provides some reflections on China’s stance and reactions at Copenhagen. While China’s reactions are generally well rooted because of realities at home, some reactions could have been handled more effectively for a better image of China. The paper also addresses the reliability of China’s statistics on energy and GDP, the issue crucial to the reliability of China’s carbon intensity commitments. The paper discusses flaws in current international climate negotiations and closes with my suggestion that international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Emissions Reductions; Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Statistics on Energy and GDP; Coal and Energy Consumption; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q41; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58; O53.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92836

COPING WITH CHANGE - BUILDING A SHARED VISION OF THE FUTURE CITY REGION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maki,   Wilbur R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13490

COPING WITH CHANGE IN RURAL COMMUNITIES: LESSONS FROM NORWAY AND MINNESOTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Westeren,   Knut Ingar; Maki,   Wilbur R.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13500

Coping with the “Coffee Crisis” in Central America: The Role of the Nicaraguan Red de Protección Social
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maluccio,   John A.
The international and local Nicaraguan media have widely reported on the “coffee crisis” in Latin America and there is substantial evidence that there has been a downturn and that this has been more severe in the coffee-growing regions. Using household panel data from a randomized community-based intervention carried out in both coffee- and noncoffee-growing areas, I examine the role of a conditional cash transfer program, the Red de Protección Social (RPS), during this downturn. While not designed as a traditional safety net program in the sense of reacting or adjusting to crises or shocks, RPS has performed like one, with larger estimated program effects for those who were more severely affected by the downturn. For example, it protected households...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conditional cash transfer program; Coffee crisis; Social safety net; Nicaragua; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59589

Core Issues in the Economics of Biodiversity Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
Critically reviews the following core issues in the economics of biodiversity conservation: reliance on the stated preferences of individuals as a guide to biodiversity conservation, the relevance of the phylogenetic similarity principle (and other attributes of organisms) for the survival of species; the implications of the Noah’s ark problem for selecting features of biodiversity to be saved and the difficulties raised by criteria based on safe minimum populations of species or on minimum environmental standards; the extent to which the precautionary principle can be rationally used to support the conservation of biodiversity; the impact of market extensions and globalization, as well as market and other institutional failures, on biodiversity loss; the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Economic valuation; Intergenerational equity; Phylogenetic similarity principle; Precautionary principle; Sustainable development.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5; Q51; Q56; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92772

CORE MONOGRAPHS IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS: SURVEY REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sondag,   Pauline; Dote,   Grace; Letnes,   Louise.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11760

Co-regulation and voluntarism in the provision of food safety: lessons from institutional economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Salman.
Traditional regulation in the food safety domain has been in the form of mandatory, inflexible food safety controls that are applied to firms. There has been a trend away from this regulatory paradigm towards more co-regulation and self-regulation by industry. This paper investigates the potential for systemic failure in the provision of safe food that might arise as a consequence of this new regulatory paradigm. These systemic failures occur owing to the fact that the food safety outcome depends on the behaviour of the three sets of agents (firms, consumers and the regulator). These populations of agents have generally been treated in the literature as homogeneous in terms of their behaviour and strategies. Further, the actions taken by any one agent are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Co-regulation; Strategic behaviour; Food safety; Ex ante regulation; Institutional economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45996

CO-RESPONSIBILITY AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY'S GRAIN SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hommelsheim,   Guido.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13529

Core-stable Rings in Second Price Auctions with Common Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Forges,   Francoise; Orzach,   Ram.
In a common value auction in which the information partitions of the bidders are connected, all rings are core-stable. More precisely, the ex ante expected utilities of rings, at the (noncooperative) sophisticated equilibrium proposed by Einy, Haimanko, Orzach and Sela (Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2002), describe a cooperative game, in characteristic function form, in spite of the underlying strategic externalities. A ring is core-stable if the core of this characteristic function is not empty. Furthermore, every ring can implement its sophisticated equilibrium strategy by means of an incentive compatible mechanism.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Bayesian Game; Collusion; Core; Partition Form Game; Characteristic Function; Environmental Economics and Policy; C71; C72; D44.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96668

CORN AND SOYBEAN CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION IN VIRGINIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huffman,   Beth Ann; Kenyon,   David E.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14840

CORN AND SOYBEAN OUTLOOK FOR 2002/03-2003/04
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hilker,   James H.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11475

CORN PRICING GUIDE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kenyon,   David E.; Lucas,   Katie.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14857

CORN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESOURCE USE, SUPPLY VULNERABILITY AND FARM STRUCTURE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sundquist,   W. Burt; Menz,   Kenneth M.; Neumeyer,   Catherine F.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13319

CORNELL UNIVERSITY'S ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION &amp; OUTREACH PROGRAM: EVALUATION AND PROPOSAL; A WHITE PAPER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schlough,   Charles A.; Streeter,   Deborah H.
This paper is an evaluation of the two year experience of Cornell University's Entrepreneurship Education &amp; Outreach (EEO) program and its efforts to disseminate and administer small business outreach training with the Premier FastTrac entrepreneurial curriculum. This paper describes EEO's origin, purpose, and mission, and an evaluation of knowledge gained from the fourteen month experience with the FastTrac entrepreneurship training program ending January 1999. There have been difficulties for EEO to achieve original expectations that were formed in Summer of 1996. We learned that a critical component of a successful outreach program of this nature is to have supportive cooperation by local as well as state level stakeholders in economic and community...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7223

Cornell-SEWA-WIEGO 2008 Dialogue - Ahmedabad and Delhi Compendium of Personal and Technical Notes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bali,   Namrata; Basu,   Kaushik; Bhorat,   Haroon; Carre,   Francoise; Chen,   Martha Alter; Fields,   Gary S.; Jhabvala,   Renana; Kanbur,   Ravi; Lund,   Francie; Unni,   Jeemol; Valodia,   Imraan.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51152

Corporate Codes of Conduct: Is Common Environmental Content Feasible?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Carolyn; Parry,   Ian W.H.; Aguilar,   Francisco X.; Jawahar,   Puja.
In a developing country context, a policy to promote adoption of common environmental content for corporate codes of conduct (COCs) aspires to meaningful results on two fronts. First, adherence to COC provisions should offer economic benefits that exceed the costs of compliance; i.e., companies must receive a price premium, market expansion, efficiency gains, subsidized technical assistance, or some combination of these benefits in return for meeting the requirements. Second, compliance should produce significant improvements in environmental outcomes; i.e., the code must impose real requirements, and monitoring and enforcement must offer sufficient incentives to prevent evasion. With those goals in mind, we explore options for establishing common...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corporate social responsibility; Codes of conduct; Environmental management; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; O19.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10889

CORPORATE FARMING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hasbargen,   Paul R.; Anthony,   Willis Eugene; Kyle,   Leonard; Ruttan,   Vernon W.; Donohue,   George; Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13823

CORPORATE FARMING IN THE UNITED STATES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Raup,   Philip M.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13617

Corporate Governance and Debt in the Malaysian Financial Crisis of 1997-98
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thomas,   Tommy.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30632

Corporate Governance in Developing Economies: Perspective from the Banking Sector in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reaz,   Mazrur; Arun,   Thankom G.
This paper highlights the corporate governance of financial institutions with particular reference to banking sector of Bangladesh. The importance of corporate governance of banks remains crucial given their contribution in economic growth through financial development. This paper has shed light on the structures of corporate governance of banks in Bangladesh involving their ownership structure, board issues, executive aspects, disclosure, and audit practices along with their associated weaknesses. The paper has also showed how political interference and failure by the regulators has contributed to the governance problems in the banks.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Banking; Financial Economics; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30545

Corporate Governance of Banks in Developing Economies: Concepts and Issues
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arun,   Thankom G.; Turner,   John David.
This paper discusses the corporate governance of banking institutions in developing economies. This is an important issue given the essential role banks play in the financial systems of developing economies and the widespread banking reforms that these economies have implemented. Based on a theoretical discussion of the corporate governance of banks, we suggest that banking reforms can only be fully implemented once a prudential regulatory system is in place. An integral part of banking reforms in developing economies is the privatisation of banks. We suggest that corporate governance reforms may be a prerequisite for the successful divestiture of government ownership. Furthermore, we also suggest that the increased competition resulting from the entrance...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; International Development.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30551

Corporate Strategies in the Telecommunications Sector in an Environment of Continuing Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Borrmann,   Christine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Business; Telecommunications; Deregulation; International Relations/Trade; F23; L21; L96.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26319

Correct (and misleading) arguments for using market based pollution control policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.
Disagreement over the form of regulation of greenhouse gasses motivates a comparison of market based and command and control policies. More efficient policies can increase aggregate marginal abatement cost, resulting in higher emissions. Multiple investment equilibria and “regulatory uncertainty” arise when firms anticipate command and control policies. Market based policies eliminate this uncertainty. Command and control policies cause firms to imitate other firms’ investment decisions, leading to similar costs and small potential efficiency gains from trade. Market based policies induce firms to make different investment decisions, leading to different costs and large gains from trade. We imbed the regulatory problem in a “global game” and show that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tradable permits; Coordination games; Multiple equilibria; Global games; Regulatory uncertainty; Climate change policies; California AB32; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C79; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42868

Correcting for multiple destination trips in recreational use values using a mean-value approach; An application to Bellenden Ker National Park, Australia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nillesen,   Eleonora; Wesseler,   Justus; Cook,   Averil.
This paper focuses on an empirical application of the travel cost method, to estimate the recreational use value of Bellenden Ker National Park, part of the Wet tropics World Heritage Area Queensland, Australia. Walking appears to be one of the main activities associated with recreational experiences in the region. Substantial socio-economic as well as environmental benefits are expected to be gained if the areas was to be developed further, with regard to walking tracks, provided that this would be done in an environmentally sustainable way. Two overnight tracks within the park have been selected to obtain information about visitors’ experiences with the tracks in the past, to address specific needs for possible future developments. A standard assumption...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Multi-criteria analysis; Multiple trip bias; Travel cost method; Wet Tropics World Heritage Area; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46733

Correlation Analysis of Financial Contagion: What One Should Know Before Running a Test
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Corsetti,   Giancarlo; Pericoli,   Marcello; Sbracia,   Massimo.
This paper builds a general test of contagion in financial markets based on bivariate correlation analysis – a test that can be interpreted as an extension of the normal correlation theorem. Contagion is defined as a structural break in the data generating process of rates of return. Using a factor model of returns as theoretical framework, we nest leading contributions in the literature as special cases of our test. We show that, while the literature on correlation analysis of contagion is successful in controlling for a potential bias induced by changes in the variance of global shocks, current tests are conditional on a specific yet arbitrary assumption about the variance of country specific shocks. Our results suggest that, for a number of pairs of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contagion; Financial crisis; Correlation analysis; Financial Economics; F30; C10; G10; G15.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28420

CORRELATIONS AMONG GRAIN CHARACTERISTICS USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF MILLED RICE STORAGE TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON AROMATIC RICE QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holcomb,   Rodney B.; Rister,   M. Edward; Faltisek,   Lori A.; Webb,   Bill; Miller,   Rhonda K.; Bett,   Karen; Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.
Summary statistics and corresponding Spearman correlation coefficients are illustrated for various subsets of aromatic milled rice storage time and temperature data from (a) the College Station texture sensory panel, (b) the New Orleans aroma and flavor sensory panel, and (c) the Beaumont USDA-ARS Rice Quality Laboratory.  These correlations represent the inclinations of seemingly-related measures of several attributes to "move together," acting as an indicator of their associations with or impacts on one another.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23977

CORRELATIONS AMONG GRAIN CHARACTERISTICS USED TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF ROUGH RICE STORAGE TIME AND TEMPERATURE ON AROMATIC RICE QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holcomb,   Rodney B.; Rister,   M. Edward; Faltisek,   Lori A.; Webb,   Bill; Miller,   Rhonda K.; Bett,   Karen; Goodwin,   Harold L., Jr.
Summary statistics and corresponding Spearman correlation coefficients are illustrated for various subsets of aromatic rough rice storage time and temperature data from (a) the College Station texture sensory panel, (b) the New Orleans aroma and flavor sensory panel, and (c) the Beaumont USDA-ARS Rice Quality Laboratory.  These correlations represent the inclinations of seemingly-related measures of several attributes to "move together," acting as an indicator of their associations with or impacts on one another.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23992

Corruption and Environmental Policy: An Alternative Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lapatinas,   Athanasios; Litina,   Anastasia; Sartzetakis,   Eftichios S.
We construct an overlapping generations model in which agents live through two periods; childhood and adulthood. Each agent makes choices only as an adult, based on her utility that depends on her own consumption and the human capital and environmental quality endowed to her offspring. Entering adulthood, agents choose randomly between two occupations: citizens and politicians. Citizens are the only producers of a single good and choose the proportion of their income to declare to the tax authorities. Politicians decide upon the allocation of the tax revenue between environmental protection and education activities, taking as given the rates of peculation in each activity. In this context, two self-fulfilling stable equilibria can emerge, one associated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Environmental Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; H2; H26; H3; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/101377

CORRUPTION AND OPENNESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Neeman,   Zvika; Paserman,   Daniele; Simhon,   Avi.
We consider a neoclassical growth model with endogenous corruption.  Corruption and wealth, which are co-determined in equilibrium, are shown to be negatively correlated.  Richer countries tend to be less corrupt, and corrupt economies tend to be poorer.  This observation gives rise to the following puzzle: If poorer countries do indeed experience higher levels of corruption, and if indeed as suggested by a number of empirical studies corruption hampers growth, then how did rich countries, who were poor once, become rich?  Our answer is simple.  In the past, economies were mostly "closed" in the sense that it was difficult to transfer illicit money outside of the economy.  In contrast, today's economies are mostly open.  In the relatively closed economies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Growth; Openness; International Development; F2; H0; O1; O4.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14977

Corruption and Political Interest: Empirical Evidence at the Micro Level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torgler,   Benno; Dong,   Bin.
The topic of corruption has recently attracted a great deal of attention, yet there is still a lack of micro level empirical evidence regarding the determinants of corruption. Furthermore, the present literature has not investigated the effects of political interest on corruption despite the interesting potential of this link. We address these deficiencies by analyzing a cross-section of individuals, using the World Values Survey. We explore the determinants of corruption through two dependent variables (perceived corruption and the justifiability of corruption). The impact of political interest on corruption is explored through three different proxies, presenting empirical evidence at both the cross-country level and the within-country level. The results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Political Interest; Social Norms; K420; D720; O170; J240.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36763

Corruption and Social Interaction: Evidence from China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dong,   Bing; Torgler,   Benno.
We explore theoretically and empirically whether social interaction, including local and global interaction, influences the incidence of corruption. We first present an interaction-based model on corruption that predicts that the level of corruption is positively associated with social interaction. Then we empirically verify the theoretical prediction using within-country evidence at the province-level in China during 1998 to 2007. Panel data evidence clearly indicates that social interaction has a statistically significantly positive effect on the corruption rate in China. Our findings, therefore, underscore the relevance of social interaction in understanding corruption.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Social Interaction; China; Political Economy; K420; D720; D640; O170; J240.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99686

Corruption, Black Markets, and the Fiscal Problem in LDC's: Some Recent Findings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McLaren,   John.
The fiscal difficulties of LDC’s, and the important role for evasion as a part of them, are well-known. Drawing on the rich literature on tax evasion in the public finance literature, much recent research has shed light on two phenomena contributing to this problem: Fiscal corruption and evasion through illegal transactions. This note surveys some of this recent research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Smuggling; Corruption; Tax evasion; Financial Economics.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28507